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Academic literature on the topic 'Sein – Histologie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sein – Histologie"

Marpeau, O., P. Y. Ancel, M. Antoine, S. Uzan, and E. Barranger. "Cancers du sein bilatéraux synchrones : facteurs de risque, diagnostic, histologie, traitement." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 36, no. 1 (January 2008): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.09.021.

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Schneider, Udo, Werner Stenzel, and Bruno Stuhlmüller. "Biomarker und Histologie bei idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien." Aktuelle Rheumatologie 46, no. 04 (August 2021): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1548-8934.

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ZusammenfassungDie idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien (IIM) sind eine Gruppe entzündlicher Muskelerkrankungen für deren Diagnosestellung, Verlaufsbeurteilung, Prognoseabschätzung und Risikostratifizierung Biomarker eine jeweils essentielle Rolle spielen. Biomarker in diesem Kontext können sowohl „herkömmliche“ serologische Marker wie Muskelenzyme oder Autoantikörper, histologische Marker wie entitätsspezifische inflammatorische Muster, aber auch genomische und genetische Marker sein. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über bewährte und innovative Marker.

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Cussigh, Christiane S., Ferdinand Toberer, Alexander Enk, Holger A. Haenssle, and Christine Fink. "Therapieansprechen auf intraläsionale Steroidinjektionen bei granulomatöser Entzündungsreaktion nach Tätowierungen." Der Hautarzt 71, no. 10 (July 21, 2020): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-020-04654-8.

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Zusammenfassung Tätowierungen inklusive Permanent-Make-up können diverse Komplikationen wie virale oder bakterielle Infektionen sowie allergische und entzündliche Reaktionen nach sich ziehen. Bei Letzteren weist die Histologie neben exogenem Pigment ein Entzündungsinfiltrat auf, das je nach Reaktionsmuster lymphozytär oder histiozytär-granulomatös dominiert sein kann. Nachfolgend wird über die erfolgreiche Therapie mittels intraläsionaler Triamcinolonacetonid-Injektionen bei granulomatöser Entzündungsreaktion nach Tätowierungen in 2 Fällen berichtet.

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Hoepffner, N. "Diagnostik bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen." Arthritis und Rheuma 33, no. 03 (2013): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1618181.

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ZusammenfassungColitis ulcerosa und Morbus Crohn sind chronisch entzündliche Erkrankungen des Gastrointestinaltraktes, die multifaktoriell auf einer inadäquaten Immunantwort auf die intestinale Mikroflora bei genetisch empfänglichen Individuen unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen beruht. Eine zentrale Rolle in der Diagnostik kommt der klinischen Untersuchung und Anamnese zu, ergänzt durch Endoskopie und Histologie und weitere bildgebende Verfahren. Wichtig ist die Berücksichtigung möglicher Differenzialdiagnosen sowie der Möglichkeit der extraintestinalen Manifestation einer chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankung, die oftmals richtungsweisend in der Erstdiagnose sein kann.

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Katsios, Andreas, George N. Thalmann, and Tobias Gross. "Die unklare Nierenraumforderung: wie weiter?" Urologie in der Praxis 22, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41973-020-00116-9.

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ZusammenfassungRaumforderungen der Niere sind eine heterogene Gruppe von benignen und malignen Tumoren. Eine entscheidende Rolle bei der weitergehenden Differenzierung und auch Überwachung spielt die Bildgebung. In gewissen Fällen kann eine Biopsie sinnvoll sein, insbesondere bei der Abklärung von metastasierten Leiden oder vor ablativen Verfahren zur Gewinnung einer Histologie. Bei T1/T2-Tumoren sollte, wenn immer vertretbar, eine Nierenteilresektion angestrebt werden, die minimal-invasiven Operationen sind zunehmend die Modalität der Wahl, jedoch sollte die minimal-invasive Methode nicht auf Kosten eines Nierenerhalts forciert werden. Bei älteren und komorbiden Patienten mit kleinen Nierentumoren ist die aktive Überwachung eine valide Alternative zur unmittelbaren Chirurgie.

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Kretzschmar, Alexander. "Positive Daten auch bei Problemindikationen: Die Hoffnung überwiegt." Onkologische Welt 01, no. 06 (2010): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1631095.

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Mit mehr als 14 000 Teilnehmern konnte der ESMO-Kongress 2010 in Mailand einen neuen Besucherrekord verzeichnen, wie ESMO-Präsident Prof. David Kerr Oxford/ Großbritannien verkündete. Neben hoffnungsvollen neuen Studiendaten, beispielsweise beim NSCLC, dem tripelnegativen Mammakarzinom oder dem metastasierten Prostatakarzinom, zeigten einige negative Studien, dass die modernen zielgerichteten Therapien sehr überlegt eingesetzt werden müssen, um erfolgreich zu sein. Dies wird aus einigen Studien deutlich, deren Protokolle in einer Zeit entwickelt wurden, in der man noch von einem vergleichsweise breiten Einsatz dieser Substanzen ausging. Heute weiß man, dass die Identifikation der Patientenpopulation mit dem „richtigen” Rezeptor- und Mutationsprofil und der passenden Histologie eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Therapieerfolg ist.

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Monasterio, Carmen, Annegrit Decker, Franziska Schauer, Nico Büttner, Arthur Schmidt, Annette Schmitt-Gräff, and Wolfgang Kreisel. "Der Lichen planus des Ösophagus – Eine unterschätzte Erkrankung." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 59, no. 05 (April 8, 2021): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1378-9380.

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ZusammenfassungEine Beteiligung des Ösophagus bei der Hauterkrankung Lichen planus wurde erstmals 1982 beschrieben und fast 30 Jahre lang als eine Rarität angesehen. Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre aber zeigen, dass diese Erkrankung weniger selten ist als angenommen. Es ist sogar anzunehmen, dass der ösophageale Lichen planus (Esophageal Lichen planus, ELP) häufiger ist als die Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EoE). Die Ösophagusbeteiligung betrifft meist Frauen im mittleren Alter. Das Hauptsymptom ist eine Dysphagie. Endoskopisch erkennt man in der Speiseröhre eine charakteristische Schleimhautablösung, eine Trachealisierung, und gelegentlich Hyperkeratosen und bei langem Bestehen auch Stenosen. Wegweisend ist die Histologie mit einer subepithelialen Ablösung sowie einem bandförmigen Infiltrat aus T-Lymphozyten, dem Nachweis von apoptotischen Keratinozyten (Civatte Bodies) und Dyskeratosen. Die direkte Immunfluoreszenz zeigt Fibrinogen-Ablagerungen entlang der Basalmembran. Eine etablierte Therapie gibt es bisher nicht. Die Behandlung mit topischen Steroiden ist in 2/3 der Fälle wirksam. Eine Therapie wie beim klassischen Lichen planus scheint unwirksam zu sein. Bei symptomatischen Stenosen kann eine Dilatation indiziert sein. Der ELP reiht sich in die Gruppe der „neuen“ immunologisch vermittelten Erkrankungen des Ösophagus ein.

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Nickeleit and Mihatsch. "Warum lässt sich die Nierenbiopsie nicht durch nicht-invasive Methoden ersetzen?" Praxis 91, no. 15 (April 1, 2002): 650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.91.15.650.

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Erkrankungen der Niere sind häufig fokaler Natur und befallen primär oft einzelne Kompartimente der Niere – Arterien, Arteriolen, Glomerula oder tubulo-interstitieller Raum. Als Folgeveränderung können dann andere Kompartimente miterkranken. Der Krankheitsprozess kann in einer potentiell reversiblen Frühphase oder aber irreversiblen, vernarbten Spätphase vorliegen. Derartige Veränderungen sind nur histologisch adäquat zu charakterisieren. Morphologische Untersuchungen basierend auf Licht-, Immunfluoreszenz- und Elektronenmikroskopie ermöglichen eine Diagnosestellung und geben therapeutisch und prognostisch relevante Hinweise. Die Histologie liefert die Basis für die pathophysiologische Analyse von Nierenerkrankungen. Nach wie vor ist die Biopsie unübertroffen, um eine Funktionsstörung der Eigen- oder Transplantatniere abzuklären. Von einem Ersatz der Nierenbiopsie durch nicht-invasive Methoden kann in naher Zukunft nicht die Rede sein. Die Biopsie wird eher noch an Bedeutung gewinnen.

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Högger, Lisa, and Stephan Vavricka. "Mikroskopische Kolitis." Praxis 107, no. 22 (October 2018): 1195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003099.

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Zusammenfassung. Die mikroskopische Kolitis (MC) ist immer noch eine unterschätzte Ursache einer chronischen, nicht blutigen Diarrhö. Typischerweise manifestiert sich die Erkrankung bei älteren Patienten, mit einer Dominanz bei Frauen. Die Inzidenz ist zunehmend. Ursache und Pathophysiologie sind unklar, scheinen aber multifaktoriell zu sein. Die Erkrankung ist familiär gehäuft und tritt häufig in Zusammenhang mit anderen Autoimmunerkrankungen auf. Die Diagnose der mikroskopischen Kolitis wird, wie der Name impliziert, anhand der Histologie gestellt. Es lassen sich histologisch zwei Formen unterscheiden: Die lymphozytäre Kolitis (LC) und die kollagene Kolitis (CC). Der Krankheitsverlauf ist benigne, jedoch kommt es häufig zu einem chronisch rezidivierenden Verlauf. Durch die Symptome ist die Lebensqualität der Patienten beeinträchtigt. Aus diesem Grund sind die richtige Diagnose und damit die Zuführung zu einer adäquaten Therapie für den Patienten wichtig. Ziel ist, das Bewusstsein für die Erkrankung zu steigern.

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Schröder, Sören, and Thomas Günther. "Verbesserte mikroskopische Diagnostik des ösophagealen Soorbefalls durch zusätzliche Zytospin-Analyse der Fixationslösung von Ösophagusbiopsien." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 56, no. 07 (May 9, 2018): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0606-5689.

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ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis oder Ausschluss einer Soor-Ösophagitis, der häufigsten infektiösen Erkrankung der Speiseröhre, gehört zu den Standardaufgaben der diagnostischen Histopathologie. Die Pilzhyphen besiedeln überwiegend nur die obersten Schichten des ösophagealen Plattenepithels. Eine ungünstige Positionierung der Biopsiepartikel im Paraffinblock kann eine Ursache sein, weshalb die Biopsiehistologie ein falsch-negatives Ergebnis liefert. Die vorgelegte Untersuchung sollte prüfen, ob die hier bestehende diagnostische Lücke durch die Zytospin-Analyse der Fixationslösung verbessert werden kann.Analysiert wurden von 150 konsekutiven Patienten mit klinischer Diagnose oder Fragestellung „Soor“ oder „Soor-Ösophagitis“ eingesandte Ösophagusbiopsien. Unter jeweiliger Verblindung des Pathologen hinsichtlich des Ergebnisses der anderen Analyse wurden parallel einerseits die Gewebsproben konventionell histologisch mittels Hämatoxylin-Eosin- und PAS-Färbung sowie andererseits Zytospin-Präparationen des üblicherweise nach Entnahme der Biopsien aus dem Einsendungsröhrchen entsorgten Formalins zytologisch auf den Nachweis von Pilzhyphen untersucht. Die zytologischen Präparate wurden ebenfalls PAS-gefärbt. Von den 89 Zytospin-positiven Fällen lag in 64 Fällen (71,9 %) ein positives Ergebnis der routinehistologischen Untersuchung vor. In den verbleibenden 25 Fällen (28,1 %) wurden Pilzhyphen histologisch erst bei Reevaluation der Originalschnitte (n = 6) oder nach kompletter Aufarbeitung des Paraffinblocks (n = 5) gesichert oder ließen sich auch nach vollständiger Aufarbeitung des Paraffinblocks nicht nachweisen (n = 14). Nur bei einem der 61 Zytospin-negativen Untersuchungsfälle erbrachte die Histologie einen positiven Candida-Nachweis und bei allen anderen Proben ein ebenfalls negatives Resultat.Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die diagnostische Sicherheit beim Nachweis eines ösophagealen Soorbefalls um mehr als ein Viertel erhöht werden kann, wenn über die routinemäßig durchgeführte Histologie der Biopsieproben hinaus auch eine zytologische Analyse der Fixationslösung vorgenommen wird.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sein – Histologie"

Toussaint, Jérôme. "Tumeurs mammaires de grade histologique intermédiaire et ambiguïté biologique: amélioration de l'application clinique du grade tumoral :cancer du sein et grade histologique, mythe ou réalité biologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209987.

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Les anatomopathologistes disposent d’outils permettant d’assister leurs décisions cliniques et d’évaluer les risques de récidive des patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein. Parmi ceux-ci, le grade histologique du cancer du sein divise les patientes en trois sous-groupes pour lesquels le grade histologique 1 et 3 sont respectivement associés à de bons et mauvais pronostics. Cependant, cet outil est loin d’être parfait, dû au manque de reproductibilité de ce système et du risque de récurrence intermédiaire, peu informatif, des patients classés dans la catégorie « grade 2 ».

Afin de mieux caractériser ces tumeurs de risque intermédiaire, notre laboratoire a introduit un score appelé « Gene expression Grade Index (GGI) », basé sur l’expression de 97 gènes définis par microarrays. De façon intéressante, ce GGI permet de diviser les patientes de grade histologique 2, sur base de leur profil d’expression, en 2 groupes correspondant aux tumeurs de grade 1 ou aux tumeurs de grade 3. Cependant, bien que le GGI apporte une information importante, son applicabilité clinique est limitée par son prix et la nécessité d’utiliser du matériel congelé.

Durant ce travail de thèse, nous avons transposé la signature microarrays en un test RT-PCR, appelé PCR-GGI, basé sur l’expression de 8 gènes qui permet de reproduire les performances du GGI à partir de tissus congelés ou conservés dans de la paraffine. Cette amélioration permet de faciliter son utilisation en routine clinique.

De plus, nous avons approfondi notre connaissance du grade histologique, au niveau génomique et transcriptomique, et montré que les tumeurs mammaires (ER-positives) peuvent être divisées en deux groupes :un premier groupe de faible instabilité génomique, exprimant faiblement les gènes de prolifération et présentant un faible risque de récurrence ;et un deuxième groupe de haute instabilité génomique (impliquant principalement des amplifications localisées dans les régions 8q et 20q), une expression importante de gènes de prolifération et un mauvais pronostic.

D’autre part, les carcinomes canalaires in situ (DCIS) présentant des similarités avec les tumeurs invasives, nous avons voulu mieux comprendre le comportement du grade tumoral parmi ces tumeurs pré-invasives. Nous avons donc intégré le PCR-GGI au VNPI et défini le VNPI-GGI. Comparé au VNPI classique, le VNPI-GGI identifie mieux les patientes qui vont récidiver tôt dans les groupes de risque intermédiaire et haut, et permet donc d’éviter le sur-traitement.

Cependant, le calcul du VNPI est un travail fastidieux et le PCR-GGI seul ne permet pas de prédire les risques de récidives des DCIS. Nous avons donc cherché un nouveau marqueur pronostique. Alors, qu’il existe des preuves de plus en plus nombreuses supportant l’importance du rôle anti-tumoral des cellules myoépithéliales, nous avons montré qu’une diminution de l’expression de CD10 – un marqueur des cellules myoépithéliale – était hautement corrélée au risque de récidive. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance tant de l’agressivité de la tumeur que de son environnement directe, dans la progression tumorale.

En terme d’applications, les résultats obtenus durant ce travail de thèse nous ont permis de développer des outils utilisables par les cliniciens afin d’améliorer la prise en charge des patientes.

Traditional histopathological tools routinely used to evaluate breast cancer prognosis are designed to assist physicians in their evaluation of clinical outcome. The histological grade of invasive breast cancer, that assigns patients to one of 3 groups for which histological grade 1 and 3 tumors are respectively associated with lower and higher rate of recurrence, has long provided clinically important prognostic information. However, this tool is far from perfect due to concern over reproducibility and intermediate risk of recurrence of the histological grade 2 that is not informative for clinical decision.

To better characterize tumors classified as histological grade 2, our group has introduced a score called Gene expression Grade Index (GGI) based on a cassette of 97 genes defined by Microarrays. Interestingly, the GGI was able to reclassify patients with histological grade 2 tumors into 2 groups with distinct clinical outcomes similar to those of histological grade 1 and 3, respectively. However, its clinical applicability still remains expensive and often requires frozen tissue.

During this thesis work, we have transposed the GGI onto a qRT-PCR assay, called PCR-GGI, based on a set of 8 genes that could recapitulate in an accurate and reproducible manner the prognostic performance of GGI using both frozen and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples, to facilitate its use in clinical practice.

Moreover, we have explored histological grade of invasive breast cancer at genomic and transcriptomic level and we have shown that two classes of ER-positive invasive breast cancer are observed: a first of low genomic instability, low proliferation gene expression and low risk of recurrence; and a second of high genomic instability (implying a major role for amplification of region located on chromosome arms 8q and 20q), high proliferation gene expression and worse prognosis.

In addition, since Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer show concordant biologic behavior, we attempted to better understand the molecular basis of grade in pre-invasive breast cancer. We have then incorporated the PCR-GGI in the VNPI and defined the VNPI-GGI to improve its prognostic value. Compared to the classic VNPI, the VNPI-GGI had a better potential to identify early relapsing patients in the intermediate and high score group, and avoid under treatment in high-risk DCIS patients.

However, VNPI scoring is a tedious work and PCR-GGI alone can’t predict recurrence in pre-invasive breast cancer. We aimed then to find news prognosis marker in the field of DCIS. As there is now growing body of evidence supporting the role of myoepithelial cells (MECs) as natural tumor suppressors, we have showed that a decrease of CD10 expression- a surface biomarker of MECs – was significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse.

These results highlight the importance of assessing intrinsic DCIS properties as well as juxta-tumoral stroma, both seems to have a major role in DCIS progression.

In terms of applications, from these results obtained during this thesis work, we developed methods applicable into clinical practice to improve patients management.

Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Oger, Myriam. "Indexation automatique d'images numériques : application aux images histopathologiques du cancer du sein et hématologiques de leucémies lympoïdes chroniques." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2066.

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Dans un contexte où les économies de santé sont de plus en plus drastiques, où les spécialistes sont de moins en moins nombreux, alors que, grâce aux campagnes de dépistage, le nombre de cas à analyser est en constante augmentation, le travail des pathologistes devient de plus en plus difficile. En outre, les lésions précoces découvertes lors du dépistage sont souvent mal connues et/ou de très petite taille ce qui rend délicat le diagnostic histopathologique. Un problème similaire est rencontré en hématologie avec la pratique de plus en plus répandue des examens sanguins systématiques et la difficulté d'identification de cellules suspectes et d'évènements rares au sein d'un frottis sanguin. Il est par conséquent très important d’apprécier dans quelle mesure la microscopie numérique et les outils d’analyse automatique des images pourront dans l’avenir aider ces spécialistes dans l’accomplissement de leur tâche quotidienne. Le présent travail de thèse, mené dans cette optique, se fonde sur l'utilisation de lames virtuelles des préparations histologiques et cytologiques, acquises à basse ou à haute résolution. Il consiste à développer et à tester une série d'outils d'aide au diagnostic basés sur l’indexation automatique des images. Cependant, l’utilisation des lames virtuelles implique la manipulation d'une masse de données très importante, qui constitue un frein pour traiter, analyser et même visualiser les images de manière classique. Nous avons donc testé tout d’abord la pertinence d'une analyse globale des images, puis d'une analyse locale de celles-ci, accompagnées d’une réduction de dimension des données par diverses méthodes, dont l'analyse spectrale. Nous avons choisi de mettre en œuvre cette approche à propos de deux localisations dont l’incidence constitue un problème de santé publique, les tumeurs mammaires et la leucémie lymphoïde chronique
In a context where health economies are increasingly curbed, where specialists are fewer and fewer, while, thanks to screening campaigns, the number of cases to analyze is constantly growing, the task of pathologists is more and more difficult. In addition, early lesions discovered during the screening are often poorly known and / or of very small size which makes the histopathological diagnosis difficult. A similar problem is encountered in hematology with the increasingly widespread practice of systematic blood tests and the difficulty of identifying suspicious cells and rare events in blood smears. It is therefore very important to assess how digital microscopy and automatic processing techniques will be able to help the specialists in their daily practice in the future. This present work is based on the use of virtual slides of histological and cytological preparations, acquired at low or high resolution. It aims at developing and testing several tools for computer assisted diagnosis based on automatic indexing of images. However, the use of virtual slides involves the manipulation of very large data and it is difficult to process, analyze or visualize these images in a classical way. The first objective of the study was to assess the relevance of a global analysis of images, then the contribution of their local analysis, with a dimensional reduction of data by various methods including spectral analysis. These methods have been applied to virtual slides of breast tumors and chronic lymphoid leukemia, two tumor locations whose incidence is a public health problem

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Chamming's, Foucauld. "Elastographie quantitative des tumeurs du sein et de la réponse au traitement." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB152/document.

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Introduction : L’élastographie shear wave (ESW) est une technique récente d’échographie qui évalue quantitativement la dureté des tissus et permet d’améliorer la caractérisation des lésions mammaires. Comme toute nouvelle technique d’imagerie, l’ESW nécessite une validation préclinique pour définir les conditions d’utilisations et établir les limites des champs d’applications dans lesquelles la technique pourra être considérée comme valide. Matériels et méthodes : Dans une première partie effectuée au laboratoire de recherche en Imagerie nous avons étudié les éléments histologiques sous tendant l’image d’ESW sur un modèle de cancer du sein implanté chez la souris, au cours de sa croissance puis sous traitement. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié chez des patientes le rôle de la compression manuelle en ESW pour la caractérisation des lésions mammaires. Dans une dernière partie, effectuée en collaboration avec une équipe de l’Institut Langevin Ondes et Images, nous avons étudié la faisabilité d’un nouveau paramètre, le module de cisaillement non linéaire pour l’analyse des lésions mammaires. Résultats : Au laboratoire, nous avons établi des corrélations entre la dureté mesurée en élastographie et les caractéristiques histologiques des tumeurs, y compris sous traitement. Nous avons montré que la fibrose était associée à une dureté élevée et la nécrose à une dureté moindre. Notre étude clinique a montré qu’une compression manuelle minimale était nécessaire pour obtenir de bonnes performances de l’ESW et qu’une pression trop élevée devait être évitée. Enfin nous avons montré la faisabilité en imagerie mammaire d’un nouveau paramètre quantitatif obtenu en élastographie shear wave : le module de cisaillement non linéaire. Conclusion : A partir de travail de thèse, une meilleure compréhension de la part des éléments biologiques et techniques en ESW du sein est possible et des recommandations pour l’utilisation clinique peuvent être formulées. Nos observations cliniques ont entrainé la mise au point d’un nouveau paramètre diagnostique quantitatif : le module de cisaillement non linéaire
Introduction: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a recent ultrasound technique assessing quantitatively tissue stiffness and improving breast lesions characterization. As every new imaging technique, SWE requires a pre clinical validation in order to define in which conditions it should be used and precise the applications for which the technique is validated. Materials and methods: First, in a research lab we have investigated the pathological features underlying SWE image in a breast cancer model implanted in mice, during tumor growth and under therapy. Secondly, we have studied in patients the role of manual compression in SWE for the characterization of breast lesions. Finally, in collaboration with on team from Institut Langevin Ondes et Images, we have studied the feasibility of a new parameter, the non-linear modulus, for breast lesion assessment. Results: in the research lab, we have shown correlations between stiffness as measured with SWE and pathological features of tumors, even on treatment. We have shown that fibrosis was associated with high stiffness values and necrosis with lowers. Our clinical study, showed that a minimal manual compression was required for optimal performance of SWE and that strong compression should be avoided. Finally, we demonstrated feasibility of a new parameter, derived from SWE, the non-linear modulus. Conclusion: Our work provides a better understanding of biological and technical elements of SWE. On the basis of our results, new recommendations may be made for the use of SWE in clinical practice. From our clinical findings, we developed a new quantitative parameter, which may be useful for the diagnosis of breast lesions, the non-linear modulus

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Fkih, m'hamed Insaf. "Etude de l'implication des miARNs dans le cancer du sein triple négatif et la régulation de BRCA1." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF1MM19/document.

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Dans les cancers du sein triple négatif sporadiques, BRCA1 est fréquemment inactivé au niveau transcriptionnel, et il a été rapporté que cette inactivation peut être réalisée par une méthylation du promoteur. Plus récemment, il a été constaté que BRCA1 peut également être régulée au niveau post-transcriptionnel par les microARNs. L'accumulation de preuves indique que les miARNs ont un rôle causal dans la tumorigenèse. Nos travaux se sont axés sur l'étude de l’expression et des fonctions des microARN in vitro, in silico et ex vivo.Basé sur nos résultats de profilage de l'expression, quatre miARN candidats (miR-10b, miR-26a, miR-146a et miR-153) ont été choisis comme étant potentiellement impliqués dans le développement du cancer du sein triple négatif. Des essais d'expression exogènes ont révélé que miR-10b et miR-26a, mais pas miR-146a, peuvent réguler négativement l'expression du gène BRCA1 dans les cellules cancéreuses triple négatif MDA-MB-231 et luminales MCF7, alors que miR-153 pourrait réguler négativement l'expression du gène BRCA1 uniquement dans les cellules MCF7. L'analyse in silico des données de Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) a confirmé que miR-146a est significativement plus exprimé dans les tumeurs du sein triple négatif par rapport à d'autres tumeurs (non triple négatif) mammaires. L’étude ex vivo a montré que le niveau élévé d’expression de miR-146a et de miR-26 est associé à l’absence des métastases ganglionnaires dans le cancer du sein triple négatif. Aussi une corrélation entre l’expression de 4 miARNs est révélée permettant l’identification de différentes voies de signalisations impliquées dans le cancer du sein triple negatif.Nos travaux fournissent des preuves de l'implication des miARNs spécifiques comme des biomarqueurs potentiels dans le développement du cancer de sein triple négatif
In sporadic triple-negative breast cancers BRCA1 is frequently inactivated at the transcriptional level, and it has been reported that this inactivation may be brought about by promoter methylation. More recently, it was found that BRCA1 may also be regulated at the post-transcriptional level by miRNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs have a causal role in tumorigenesis. Our work focused on the study of microRNAs expression and functions in vitro, in silico and ex vivo.Based on our expression profiling results, four candidate miRNAs (miR-10b, miR-26a, miR-146a and miR-153) were selected as being potentially involved in triple-negative breast cancer development. Exogenous expression assays revealed that miR-10b and miR-26a, but not miR-146a, can down-regulate the expression of BRCA1 in both triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and luminal epithelial MCF7 breast cancer-derived cells, whereas miR-153 could down-regulate BRCA1 expression only in MCF7 cells. In silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data confirmed that miR-146a is significantly higher expressed in triple-negative breast tumors compared to other (non triple-negative) breast tumors. The ex vivo study showed that the high level expression of miR-146a and miR-26 is associated with the absence of lymph node metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Also a correlation between the expression of the 4 miRNAs was revealed, allowing the identification of different signaling pathways involved in the triple negative breast cancer.Our work provides evidence of the involvement of specific miRNAs as potential biomarkers in breast cancer triple negative development

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LE, BAIL LAURENCE. "Exploration chirurgicale des microcalcifications groupees infra-cliniques du sein : correlation radio-histologique ; a propos de 58 observations." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M084.

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Boa, Olivier. "Analyse in vivo du remodelage à long terme de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée et de son réseau vasculaire et étude in vitro de la pseudo-vasculogénèse lors du développement tumoral au sein de la peau reconstruite endothélialisée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24705/24705.pdf.

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Ouldamer, Lobna. "Evaluation de la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique du tissu adipeux mammaire comme marqueur non invasif de la part nutritionnelle du cancer du sein." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR3304.

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La composition en acides gras du tissu adipeux mammaire est reconnue comme marqueur qualitatif de la consommation lipidique antérieure mais aussi de la part nutritionnelle du risque / pronostic du cancer du sein. Ceci ouvre la perspective d’individualiser dans la population générale, un groupe de personnes à risque, susceptibles de bénéficier d’une intervention nutritionnelle ciblée. L’approche du dépistage d’une population à risque par l’utilisation de la composition du tissu adipeux comme biomarqueur se heurte i) à l’aspect invasif que représente le prélèvement d’un fragment de tissu adipeux mammaire, et ii) à la lourdeur contraignante du conditionnement et de l’analyse systématique des acides gras du tissu adipeux. Les méthodes analytiques actuellement disponibles sont incompatibles avec la perspective d’un dépistage de masse. Cependant, les descriptions récentes de l’utilisation de la spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (SRM) pour décrire la composition lipidique des triglycérides du tissu adipeux permettent d’envisager de l’utiliser dans cet objectif. Ce travail de thèse présente: 1) l’évaluation de la SRM pour caractériser la composition en acides gras du tissu adipeux chez l’animal (le rat) suite à une intervention nutritionnelle, 2) l’évaluation du profil lipidique du tissu adipeux par SRM chez la femme sur une plateforme clinique 3T, 3) l’étude des liens entre la composition en acides gras du tissu adipeux et la présentation du cancer du sein, et 4) la comparaison des données de la SRM in vitro (11.7T) et in vivo (3T) du tissu adipeux chez des patientes prises en charge pour un cancer du sein avec les données de la chromatographie gazeuse
Fatty acid composition of the white adipose tissue remains the most reliable qualitative biomarker of previous dietary intake of fatty acids and may provide information on the nutritional part of the risk or evolution of breast cancer. This opens the prospect of individualization of women at high nutritional risk of breast cancer that may benefit from a targeted nutritional intervention but 1) the need for biopsy and 2) subsequent time-consuming biochemical analyses hamper any application of this approach. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of adipose tissue lipids represents an appealing, non-invasive approach, which could circumvent these limitations. This manuscript reports: 1) an assessment of feasibility of (1H-MRS) to evaluate the consequences of a nutritional intervention in a rat mammary tumor model on the adipose tissue fatty acid composition, 2) an assessment of the feasibility of in vivo measurement of the fatty acid composition of breast adipose tissue by (1H-MRS) on a clinical platform, 3) an assessment of the relation of specific patterns of composition of adipose tissue fatty acids with the presentation of breast cancer, and 4) a comparison with gas chromatography of (1H-MRS) data acquired on breast adipose tissue in vitro (11.7T) and in vivo (3T) on patients managed for breast cancer

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Raibaut, Xavier. "Le diagnostic du carcinome canalaire in situ du sein en 1990 : données de l'imagerie et corrélations radio-histologiqes : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11210.

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Feudjio, Kougoum Cyrille Désiré. "Segmentation of mammographic images for computer aided diagnosis." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10152/document.

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Les outils d’aide au diagnostic sont de nos jours au cœur de plusieurs protocoles cliniques car ils améliorent la qualité du diagnostic posé et des soins médicaux. Ce travail de recherche met en avant une architecture hiérarchique pour la conception d'un outil d'aide à la détection du cancer du sein robuste et performant. Il s’intéresse à la réduction des fausses alarmes en identifiant les régions potentiellement cancérogènes. La gamme dynamique des niveaux de gris des zones sombres est étirée pour améliorer le contraste entre la région du sein et l'arrière plan et permettre une meilleure extraction de celle-ci. Toutefois, le muscle pectoral demeure incrusté dans la région du sein et interfère avec l'analyse des tissus. Son extraction est à la fois difficile et complexe à mettre en œuvre à cause de son chevauchement avec les tissus denses du sein. Dans ces conditions, même en exploitant l'information spatiale pendant la clusterisation par un algorithme de fuzzy C-means ne produit pas toujours des résultats de segmentation pertinents. Pour s'affranchir de cette difficulté, une étape de validation suivie d'un ajustement de contour est mise sur pied pour détecter et corriger les imperfections de segmentation. La seconde étape est consacrée à la caractérisation de la densité des tissus. Pour faire face au problème de variabilité des distributions de niveaux de gris dans les classes de densités, nous introduisons une modification de contraste basée sur un transport optimisé de niveaux de gris. Grâce à cette technique, la surface relative de tissus denses estimée par simple segmentation est très fortement corrélée aux classes de densités issues d’un jeu de données étiquetées
Computer-aided diagnosis systems are currently at the heart of many clinical protocols since they significantly improve diagnosis making and therefore medical care. This research work therefore puts forward a hierarchical architecture for the design of a robust and efficient CAD tool for breast cancer detection. More precisely, it focuses on the reduction of false alarms rate through the identification of image regions of foremost interest i.e potential cancerous areas. The dynamic range of gray level intensities in dark regions is, first of all stretched to enhance the contrast between tissues and background and thus favors accurate breast region extraction. A second segmentation follows since pectoral muscle which regularly tampers breast tissue analysis remains inlaid in the foreground region. Extracting pectoral muscle tissues is both hard and challenging due to its overlap with dense tissues. In such conditions, even exploiting spatial information during the clustering process of the fuzzy C-means algorithm does not always produce a relevant segmentation. To overcome this difficulty, a new validation process followed by a refinement strategy is proposed to detect and correct the segmentation imperfections. The second macro-step is devoted to breast tissue density analysis. To address the variability in gray levels distributions with of mammographic density classes, we introduce an optimized gray level transport map for mammographic image contrast standardization. Thanks to this technique, dense region areas computed using simple thresholding are highly correlated to density classes from an annotated dataset

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Frémondière, Pierre. "L'évolution de l'accouchement dans la lignée humaine. Estimation de la contrainte fœto-pelvienne par deux méthodes complémentaires : la simulation numérique de l'accouchement et l'analyse discriminante des modalités d'accouchement au sein d'un échantillon obstétrical." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5013.

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Notre objectif est d’étudier les modalités d’accouchement au sein de la lignée humaine. Pour cela, nous utilisons deux approches complémentaires : la simulation numérique de l’accouchement et l’analyse discriminante des modalités d’accouchement au sein d’un échantillon obstétrical. Dans un premier temps, nous construisons des maillages de bassins et de crânes de foetus fossiles grâce à une méthode d’interpolation : le krigeage. Les groupes fossiles considérés sont les Australopithèques, les premiers représentants du genre Homo (PRGH) et les représentants du genre Homo au Pléistocène moyen et supérieur (RPMS). Les dimensions des crânes juvéniles sont utilisées pour estimer « à rebours » les dimensions néonatales à l’aide de courbes de croissance humaine et de chimpanzé. Nous réalisons une simulation numérique de l’accouchement à partir des maillages de ces dyades « virtuelles ». Puis nous réalisons des analyses discriminantes avec un jeu de données issu de mesures réalisées sur le pelviscanner de femmes et sur les mesures du crâne de leur nouveau-né afin de séparer les modalités d’accouchement grâce aux variables foeto-pelviennes. Ces mêmes variables foeto-pelviennes sont mesurées chez les dyades fossiles afin d’identifier, par les analyses discriminantes, leurs modalités d’accouchement les plus probables. Nos résultats suggèrent un accouchement eutocique sans rotation intra-pelvienne chez les Australopithèques, eutocique avec rotation intrapelvienne chez les PRGH, dystocique ou eutocique chez les RPMS, l’accouchement eutocique est caractérisé par une rotation et une incurvation de la trajectoire de descente
The purpose of this thesis is to estimate delivery outcomes for extinct hominids. We therefore use two complementary methods : numerical simulation of childbirth and discriminant analysis of delivery outcomes from an obstetrical sample. First, we use kriging to construct meshes of pelves and neonatal skulls. Fossil hominid specimens included in the study are Australopithecines, early Homo (EH) and middle to early Pleistocene Homo (MEPH). We estimate fetal cranial dimensions with chimpanzee or human cranial growth curve that we reversly use and apply on juveniles skull measurements. “Virtual” dyads are formed from pelves and neonatal skulls. Then, we simulate childbirth of these « virtual » dyads. Different levels of laxity of the sacro-iliac junction and different positions of the fetal head are considered. Finally, we use an obstetrical sample: delivery outcome is noted, CT-scans are used to obtain maternal pelvic measurements and diameters of the fetal head were also measured after delivery. A discriminant analysis is performed using this obstetrical sample to separate delivery outcomes thanks to fetal-pelvic measurements. Fossil dyads were subsequently added in the discriminant analysis to assess delivery outcomes to which they belong. Results suggest small fetal-pelvic constraint for Austalopithecines. This constraint is moderate for EH. Fetal-pelvic constraint is more important for MEPH. We suggest that rotational birth appears with EH. The curved trajectory of the fetal head appears with MEPH. Emergence of rotational birth and curved trajectory of fetal head are probably explained by two major increases in brain size during late and middle Pleistocene

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Books on the topic "Sein – Histologie"

Sloane, J. P. Biopsy pathology of the breast. London: Chapman and Hall, 1985.

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Sloane, J. P. Biopsy pathology of the breast. 2nd ed. London: Arnold, 2001.

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A, Trott P., ed. Biopsy pathology of the breast. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Rajakariar, Ravindra, and Muhammad M. Yaqoob. The patient with sarcoidosis. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0156.

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Renal involvement in sarcoidosis is common and often under-recognized. The most frequent manifestation is acute kidney injury secondary to hypercalcaemia and granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis. The latter can lead to both acute kidney injury and to slowly progressive chronic renal impairment with concomitant chronic damage seen on histology. This chapter describes the types of renal disease that may occur in sarcoidosis and the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the patient with sarcoidosis. Corticosteroid therapy is the cornerstone of therapy. In patients with granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis, the authors recommend long-term, low-dose maintenance steroids.

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Sloane, J. P. Biopsy Pathology of the Breast. 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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Sakhuja, Vinay, and Harbir Singh Kohli. Malaria. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0183_update_001.

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Of the four pathogenic malarial species, clinically significant renal dysfunction is mainly associated with Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum infections.P. falciparum infection frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be the sole manifestation with a complete recovery after treatment or it may be a part of multi-organ failure which is often fatal. AKI due to Plasmodium vivax infection alone or as a result of mixed infection by vivax and falciparum can also occur.‘Quartan malarial nephropathy’ has been attributed to P. malariae infection although this relationship must be regarded as not proven. It describes nephropathy occurring predominantly in children and young adults in Africa. A full-blown nephrotic syndrome is seen in about half the patients and a chronic progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is usually seen on histology. Spontaneous remission of established nephropathy is rare, and most patients slowly progress to end-stage renal failure over 3 to 5 years even after successful eradication of the infection. The pathological description is such that it could have alternative aetiologies, including other infections.

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Rosen, Cheryl F., and Brian Kirby. Psoriasis: skin and nails. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0009.

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Psoriasis is seen in many patients with psoriatic arthritis. It forms part of the CASPAR criteria for establishing the diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The psoriasis accompanying PsA may be mild or quite severe, with a very large impact on quality of life. The presence of cutaneous disease may alter the treatment of a patient’s PsA. Psoriasis affects up to 2–3% of the population of Europe, the United States and Canada. The majority of patients have chronic plaque psoriasis (80%). Other clinical phenotypes include guttate psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, sebopsoriasis and pustular subtypes including generalized pustular psoriasis. Nail involvement is a frequent occurrence and indicate an increased risk of developing psoriatic arthritis. In this chapter, the different psoriatic phenotypes are described as well as the histology and, briefly, the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Environmental factors that can impact psoriasis are reviewed.

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Saha, Sudip. Septic Thrombophlebitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0021.

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Septic (suppurative) thrombophlebitis is venous thrombosis in the setting of bacteremia. There is usually a degree of perivascular inflammation seen on histology. Septic thrombophlebitis occurs most commonly with intravenous catheters. However, most cases of infection related to intravenous catheters are not complicated by septic thrombophlebitis. Catheter-related septic thrombophlebitis includes erythema, tenderness, and/or drainage at the site of an intravenous catheter. Jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis, also known as Lemierre’s syndrome, is a subset of septic thrombophlebitis. This condition can affect otherwise young, healthy adults and is often preceded by pharyngitis with tonsillar and peritonsillar involvement, dental infections, or infectious mononucleosis. Presentation of jugular vein septic thrombophlebitis includes high fevers, rigors, respiratory distress, ulceration or erythema of the oropharynx, and tenderness and swelling of the neck. Primary treatment of thrombophlebitis includes removal of infected materials, intravenous antibiotics, and possible anticoagulation.

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Bicanic, Tihana, and Thomas S. Harrison. Fungal central nervous system infections. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0022.

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Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are amongst the most severe of all fungal infections. Cryptococcus neoformans is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in many countries with high HIV prevalence. C gattii is usually seen in the tropics in apparently immunocompetent patients. Meningitis is also caused by Candida in premature babies, and by the dimorphic fungi in endemic areas. CNS infections with Aspergillus, the mucormycetes, and less common moulds usually present as intracranial mass lesions in immunocompromised hosts. Early suspicion, prompt imaging, and appropriate samples for culture, histology, and antigen and molecular tests are all critical for early diagnosis. Organism-specific antifungal therapy relies largely on liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, with therapeutic drug monitoring for the latter. Amphotericin B plus flucytosine is recommended for cryptococcal meningitis. Management of underlying conditions is also critical. Targeted prophylaxis in highest risk groups and pre-emptive therapy for HIV-associated cryptococcosis hold promise for prevention and improved outcome.

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Ralston, Stuart H. Paget’s disease of bone. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0144_update_001.

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Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) affects up to 1% of people of European origin aged 55 years and above. It is characterized by focal abnormalities of bone remodelling which disrupt normal bone architecture, leading to expansion and reduced mechanical strength of affected bones. This can lead to various complications including deformity, fracture, nerve compression syndromes, and osteoarthritis, although many patients are asymptomatic. Genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of PDB. This seems to be mediated by a combination of rare genetic variants which cause familial forms of the disease and common variants which increase susceptibility to environmental triggers. Environmental factors which have been suggested to predispose to PDB include viral infections, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and excessive mechanical loading of affected bones. The diagnosis can be made by the characteristic changes seen on radiographs, but isotope bone scans are helpful in defining disease extent. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels can be used as a measure of disease activity. Inhibitors of bone resorption are the mainstay of medical management for PDB and bisphosphonates are regarded as the treatment of choice. Bisphosphonates are highly effective at reducing bone turnover in PDB and have been found to heal osteolytic lesions, and normalize bone histology. Although bisphosphonates can improving bone pain caused by elevated bone turnover, most patients require additional therapy to deal with symptoms associated with disease complications. It is currently unclear whether bisphosphonate therapy is effective at preventing complications of PDB.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sein – Histologie"

Chamming’s, F., V. Fitoussi, H. Latorre, M. A. Lefrère-Belda, T. Quibel, F. Assayag, E. Marangoni, et al. "Histologie et dureté : élastographie d’un modèle de cancer du sein humain implanté chez le petit animal ; corrélation à l’anatomo-pathologie." In Cancer du sein : surdiagnostic, surtraitement, 389–91. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0249-7_121.

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Vincent-Salomon, A. "Cancers du sein triples négatifs: Jusqu’où doit-on aller dans le bilan histologique?" In Cancer du sein, 565–70. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0245-9_36.

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Fondrevelle, M. E., N. Guerin, M. Peix, H. Mignotte, C. Faure, C. Clément-Chassagne, and I. Treilleux. "Hyperplasie canalaire atypique sur biopsies à l’aiguille : améliorer le diagnostic histologique." In Cancer du sein : surdiagnostic, surtraitement, 74–80. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0249-7_10.

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Vuckovic-Hasanbegovic, Ilvana, Catherine Vandepitte, and Admir Hadzic. "Histologic Features of Needle-Nerve and Intraneural Injection Injury as Seen on Light Microscopy." In Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, 305–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09522-6_14.

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Monnin, C., F. Vitte, C. Gay, S. Rossier, and C. Lassabe. "Grade histologique des cancers du sein sur pièce opératoire et biopsie — Étude comparative et analyse des marqueurs de prolifération sur biopsie." In Acquis et limites en sénologie / Assets and limits in breast diseases, 433–35. Paris: Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0396-8_90.

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Chaput, B., and M. Courtade-Saïdi. "Embryologie et histologie mammaire." In Chirurgie Plastique et Reconstructive du Sein, 3–8. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-71374-3.00001-5.

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Monroy-Trujillo, Jose Manuel, and Duvuru Geetha. "Systemic Inflammatory Diseases and the Kidney." In Kidney Protection, edited by Vijay Lapsia, Bernard G. Jaar, and A. Ahsan Ejaz, 327–36. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190611620.003.0033.

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The kidneys are targets of systemic autoimmunity as well as pathogenic immune responses against renal auto antigens. Systemic autoimmunity against ubiquitous antigens leading to renal inflammation is seen in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosis, scleroderma and IgG4 disease while immune responses against specific renal antigens is seen in antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Renal involvement can be the presenting feature in these diseases and can manifest as a rise in serum creatinine or asymptomatic urinary abnormalities or can present with rapidly progressive renal failure. For the majority of systemic inflammatory disorders, renal involvement heralds a poor prognosis and warrants timely initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. This chapter will review the clinical, laboratory, and histologic features and discuss management of renal disease associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis, IgA vasculitis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease, polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, and IgG4 disease.

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Javidan-Nejad, Cylen. "Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia." In Chest Imaging, 459–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199858064.003.0079.

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Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) represents a less common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia than usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) with a much better prognosis. Most cases of NSIP are secondary to collagen vascular disease, hypersensitivity or drug toxicity. These secondary forms of NSIP help to explain why it is more often seen on CT than UIP. Unlike UIP, NSIP is characterized by a paucity of honeycombing on CT and greater ground-glass opacity and reticulation. Subpleural sparing when present may suggest the diagnosis. Unlike UIP, NSIP tends to exhibit histologic spatial and temporal homogeneity. When extensive bronchiectasis is seen in association with an NSIP pattern, collagen vascular disease must be considered. When air trapping is encountered, hypersensitivity pneumonitis must be excluded. Biopsy is usually reserved for those patients with an NSIP pattern who do not have a known underlying condition. If the diagnosis of NSIP can be made, immunotherapy may prevent progression and may even reverse some CT findings.

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"HIV: pyrexia of unknown origin." In Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, edited by Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad, and K. Nathan Sankar, 563–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0048.

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This chapter describes the significant causes of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) seen in patients living with HIV. PUO is defined and its causes outlined; these include: opportunistic infections (bacterial, fungal, and viral), cancer/lymphoma, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The effect of the degree of immunodeficiency on likely diagnosis is discussed. A review is given of the approach to management of this problem focusing on important investigations with blood tests, cultures, radiology, serology, and histology discussed. Presentation and management of Mycobacterium avium complex and leishmaniasis are discussed with other opportunistic infections, and cancers associated with PUO referred to in other chapters.

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Meir, Warman, Rona Bourla, Monica Huszar, and Elchanan Zloczower. "Antrochoanal Polyp: Updated Clinical Approach, Histology Characteristics, Diagnosis and Treatment." In Histopathology and Liquid Biopsy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96329.

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Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a benign unilateral polyp, originating from the maxillary sinus and expanding through the accessory or natural ostia into the nasal cavity and choanae. It has a 2: 1 male predominance and is more common in children and young adults. The exact pathophysiology is unclear, and it is thought to have less of the inflammatory reactions as opposed to typical bilateral nasal polyps which are commonly seen in diffused chronic rhinosinusitis. The presenting symptoms of ACP are unilateral nasal obstruction and rhinitis. Epistaxis, pain, and foul-smelling secretions are not typically seen and point towards a different etiology. Diagnosis is mainly clinical via endoscopic examination and supported by Computed tomography (CT) imaging. In CT images the three components of the polyp can be identified; an intramaxillary portion, intranasal and choanal components. Treatment is surgical, where Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the main technique used with other assisting approaches to reach the more challenging anterior and inferior areas of the maxillary sinus. Successful resection depends on complete removal of the intramaxillary component of the polyp to avoid polyp regrowth. The typical histologic characteristics are cyst formation, fibrosis and squamous metaplasia that are significantly more common in ACP than diffused nasal polyps.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sein – Histologie"

Zoz, Donald F., Peter F. Crossno, A. L. Degryse, Cheryl R. Markin, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin, Linda A. Gleaves, Frank B. McMahon, et al. "Radiographic And Histologic Abnormalities Are Frequently Seen In Asymptomatic Individuals At Risk For Familial Interstitial Pneumonia." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5297.

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Chakraborti, Basumita, Anik Ghosh, Jaydip Bhaumik, and Asima Mukhopadhyay. "Can initial grade of endometrial cancer presenting at Tata Medical Center, predict high risk factors which will require lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy?" In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685398.

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Background: Pre-operative tumor grade influences the type of surgery planned for endometrial cancer, while the final grade affects the adjuvant therapy. Aims and Objectives: To predict whether pre surgery tumour grade can predict tlymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy in endometriod endometrial cancer. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Data was obtained from electronic hospital medical records system. All women with a diagnosis of endometrioid endometrial cancer who attended TMC, Kolkata between September 2011 and June 2015 included. Review of the histology was asked in all patients and MDT was planned for all patients. Most of the patients operated in TMC underwent standard pre-operative imaging work up like MRI pelvis and CT upper abdomen and chest evaluation. Staging/completion surgery included total hysterectomy, BSO, pelvic +/- para aortic lymphadenectomy +/- Omental biopsy. The surgico-pathological evaluation included histology, grade, myometrial invasion, adnexal involvement and nodal involvement. Results: 155 patients had both initial and final histology. Of total 67 patients with initial grade 1 histology, 8 (12%) were upgraded to G2 and 1 (1.5%) was upgraded to G3. 35 patients with G2 disease 2 (5.7%) were upgraded to G3. Among 8 patients with G3, 7 continued to be G3. Of the 67 patients with initial grade 1, > 50% invasion was seen in 25 (37.3%). Of 35 patients with initial G2, > 50% myometrial invasion was seen in 13 (37.1%) patients. Among 8 initial G3 patients, > 50% invasion was seen in 3 (37.5%) patients. Of these 67 patients with grade 1, pelvic lymph nodes were involved in 4 (6%) patients. None of the grade 2 tumors had pelvic lymph node involvement. One (12.5%) out of 8 patients with initial G3 tumor had pelvic lymph node involvement. Recurrence was seen in 3/67 (4.5%) of G1 patients, 7/35 (20%) with G2 cases and 1/8 (12.5%) with G3 cases. Conclusion: Patients with initial G1 disease, about 13% were upgraded. Recurrence rate increased with G2 patients. For all initial grade tumors the mymetrial involvement > 50% was 37%. For initial G1 patients the pelvic lymph node involvement was found to be 6%. For G3 tumor the pelvic lymph node involvement was 12.5%.

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Bhatia, Shruti, and S. K. Das. "Study of factors to predict recurrence in early stage endometrial cancer." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685333.

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Introduction: Risk stratification of patients with early endometrial cancer for recurrence is inadequate. Objectives: To study factors that influence recurrence in uterus-confined, early stage endometrial cancer (UCD). Patients and Methods: We studied 140 consecutive patients with endometrial cancer, operated at Action Cancer Hospital, Delhi, from August 2010 to September 2015. All patients underwent staging laparotomy, TAH + BSO + BLPND + para-aortic LN sampling, and omental biopsy. Adjuvant treatment was given as per the NCCN guidelines. They were followed up 3 monthly for 2 years, and 6 monthly thereafter. 121 patients (86.4%) had UCD (FIGO stages IA, IB, II). Excluding one post-operative mortality, and 4 who were lost to follow up, we included 116 patients in this study. Results: The median age of these patients was 60.5 years (range: 35-81 years), with median BMI of 31.2 kg/m2 (range=19.8-57.5). Diabetes or hypertension was present in either or both of 76 (65.5%) patients. The median pelvic LN harvest was 17 (range: 4-42). Eight (6.9%) patients had non-endometroid histology, and 5 (4.3%) patients had LVSI. Grade 1, 2, and 3 tumor was found in 74 (63.8%), 30 (25.9%), and 12 (10.3%) patients, respectively. The median follow up was 28 months (range 5-61 months), and recurrence was seen in 13 (11.2%) patients. On univariate analysis we found that age, co-morbidities (DM and HT), LVSI, and non-endometroid histology were related to recurrence. The tumor grade and adjuvant treatment did not influence recurrence rates. On multivariate analysis, presence of comorbidities and non-endometroid histology were independently related to disease recurrence (p=0.044, and 0.011, respectively). Conclusions: Disease recurrence was seen in one in ten patients with UCD, despite stage-appropriate treatment. Presence of co-morbidities and non-endometroid histology were independently related to recurrence.

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Shultz, Tyler, Manuel Rauch, and Ellen Kuhl. "Collagen Orientation in the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53191.

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The Mitral Valve (MV) serves to ensure unidirectional blood flow from the pulmonary to systemic circulation. When the MV fails to function correctly, backflow from the left ventricle to left atrium occurs during heart contraction. This condition is called Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MVR) and is estimated to affect 2 to 2.5 million people in the United States alone [1]. Surgical techniques exist to repair MVR, and each affects the structure of the valve in a different way [2]. As the main load-bearing structure in the leaflets, collagen fibers have a tremendous impact on how the leaflets are able to support pressure loads, and their orientation has great functional implications. The goal of this study is therefore to investigate the microstructure of mitral valve tissue. Since collagen makes up approximately 60% of the dry weight of the leaflet [3], we focused our study on this macromolecule. In a complementary in-vivo study, we computed mitral leaflet strains in radial and circumferential direction using a continuum mechanical approach based on the 4D coordinates of 23 radiopaque markers sewn onto the anterior MV leaflet [4]. Results shown in Figure 1. As clearly seen from the figure, strains exhibit pronounced anisotropy. We expect that comparison of the collagen orientation in the leaflet with the these strain profiles will enhance our knowledge of the role of collagen in MV mechanics and the effect that potential surgical interventions may have on MV functionality. While collagen orientation has been determined using Small Angle Light Scattering [5], Polarized Light Microscopy [5], and X-ray Diffraction [6], histological methods to characterize the collagen orientation over the entire leaflet have not been reported. Therefore, we will study the orientation of collagen throughout the anterior ovine MV leaflet using tissue histology.

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Gundiah, Namrata, Debby Chang, Peng Zhang, Mark Ratcliffe, and Lisa Pruitt. "Structural and Mechanical Characteristics of Healing Myocardial Scar Tissue." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59998.

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An anteroapical transmural myocardial infarction was created in Dorset sheep and resulting scar tissues were excised two (Group A, n=5, 10.6 ± 1.2 weeks) and eight months (Group B, n=6, 36.8 ± 1.4 weeks) post infarction [1]. Samples were oriented in longitudinal and circumferential directions in a biaxial stretcher, preconditioned and tested in displacement control at room temperature in BDM solution. Stress-strain plots were obtained for samples. Histology was performed by cryo-sectioning specimens into 8 μm slices and staining using Hematoxylin & Eosin. Stress-strain analyses show that circumsferential direction was stiffer than longitudinal for Group A. Group B samples show a reverse trend and are stiffer than Group A. Stained sections show more collagen in the endocardial surface for Group B samples while Group A samples have added collagen in the epicardial side. A high density of fat cells was seen in Group B samples that may affect stiffness trends.

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Shukla, H., K. Batra, R. Sekhon, S. Giri, and S. Rawal. "Over view of clinical presentation, management and outcome of cervical cancer: A tertiary cancer centre experience." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685265.

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Objectives: (a) To understand the profile of cervical cancer patients attending our hospital from January 2011 till January 2015. (b) To audit the type of care given to the patients with respect to their stage at presentation. (c) To compare the outcomes of open v/s robotic radical hysterectomy done for cervical cancer. Methods: We prospectively analyzed all cases of cervical cancer from January 2011 to January 2015 presenting at our institute. Data was retrieved from patient’s records and institute’s tumor registry. We compared all patients undergoing open v/s robotic RH. All the data were analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 562 patients were treated for cervical cancer during the time period between 2011-2015. Of these there were 316 (56%) cases taken up for surgery-212 robotic RH, 104 open radical hysterectomy and rest 246 (44%) patients received definitive CCRT. Most common age group was 40-54 yrs. IB1 stage was most common presenting stage. SCC was most common histology (75%). Immediate post op complication and oncological safety in terms of local recurrence was same in both groups. However length of stay and post operative blood requirement was significantly lower in robotic RH group. 45% of all patients who underwent surgery did not require adjuvant therapy in post op period while 35% patient required post op RT and 20% CCRT. 2.2% patient had local recurrence and most of the patients were in stage IIA1 at presentation. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in our hospital registry. Mostly women were in the age group of 40-54 years. Most common stage at presentation was 1B and the histology being SCC. Not many differences seen in open v/s robotic techniques of radical hysterectomy except for shorter hospital stay and less need of blood transfusion in the robotic group. Local recurrence rates are comparable in both open and robotic groups.

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Soni, Priyanka, Shalini Mishra, Sandeep Jain, and Gauri Kapoor. "Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors in children: A single centre experience." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685314.

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Background: Germ-cell tumors (GCT) are the commonest ovarian neoplasm in the first two decades of life. Aim: To study the profile of ovarian GCT in children and their outcome. Methods: Retrospective study of all cases of malignant ovarian GCT in the pediatric age (up to 18 years) was done from January 2002 to December 2015. The medical records of all admitted cases during this period were reviewed and the data was analysed with respect to age at diagnosis, clinical presentation, tumor markers, surgical stage, tumor histology, therapy, clinical course, and outcome. Results: Girls with malignant ovarian GCT were seen at our institute during the study period. Out of these 25 underwent treatment. Mean age at presentation was 11.7 years (range: 3-18 years). Abdominal pain was the commonest presentation. Twelve (47.3%) had right sided disease, 11 (42%) had left sided disease and 2 had bilateral disease. Twelve cases (57.8%) were diagnosed as stage I disease, 5 (10.5%) as stage II, 7 (26.3%) as stage III and 1 (5.2%) as stage IV. Elevated AFP >1000 was found in 9 (47.3%), elevated B-HCG (>50) in 7 (42%) and elevated LDH (>1000) in 7 (36.8%) patients at presentation. Twenty (73.6%) patients underwent surgery prior to chemotherapy out of which 4 (21%) patients presented after undergoing surgery at other centre. Fourteen (57.8%) patients received 4 cycles of BEP based chemotherapy, 6 (21%) received 3 cycles, 2 (10.5%) received 2 cycles and 1 patient did not receive any chemotherapy as it was mature teratoma. The most common histology was dysgerminoma in 8 (42%) patients followed by mixed germ cell tumor in 4 (21%), teratoma in 3 (15.7%), embryonal carcinoma in 2 (10.5%) and yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma in 1 patient each. Four (21%) patients had relapse on contralateral side which was salvaged. 1 patient presented with relapse who underwent only surgery outside, 1 patient had ovarian torsion. Median follow up is 27months. The event free survival rate was 78.9%. Conclusion: This study confirms an excellent outcome for girls with ovarian germ cell tumor. Patients with advanced surgical stage relapsed frequently. The mainstay of treatment is fertility preserving surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

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Misak, H. E., R. Asmatulu, J. S. Gopu, S. Zheng, P. Wooley, and S. Y. Yang. "In Vivo Studies of the Drug Carrying Magnetic Nanocomposite Spheres via Fluorescent Molecules." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40266.

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Nanospheres utilized in targeted drug delivery systems have seen much attention, however it is difficult to detect the nanospheres in an in-vivo test due to their nanoscale in size. This is a crucial step in targeted drug delivery to show the nanosphere being concentrated at the spot of interest. Nanospheres developed by oil in oil (o/o) emulsion technique have the advantage of encapsulating molecules, such as 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), without damages and chemical alterations. In current study, DPH was encapsulated into a nanosphere as a fluorescing tracer to visualize the nanospheres trafficking in a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The SCC tumors were established on nude mice. 0.5 ml of a 0.3 mg/ml solution of fluorcescent nanospheres were subcutaneously injected around the tumor. The injections of the drug carrier system were repeated at 2-day intervals till the sacrifice of the tumor-bearing animals on day 10. The tumors were retrieved for frozen and paraffin-embedded histological preparation. Fluorsescent microscopy was used to image the frozen sections, and compared with H&E stained sections. The fluorescence nanoparticles were easily identifiable under fluorescent microscopy, while typical histology images were unable to detect the nanospheres. The data suggest that fluorescent nanoparticles can be used to identify the location or localization of the nanospheres in an in-vivo environment in a simple and straightforward method that aids in characterization of targeted drug delivery.

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Nieuwstadt, Harm A., Ali C. Akyildiz, Lambert Speelman, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Renu Virmani, Ton van der Steen, and Frank Gijsen. "3D Stress Computations in Atherosclerotic Arteries: The Influence of Axial Image Resolution." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80514.

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Sudden rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is a major contributing cause of acute myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes [1]. A vulnerable plaque is defined as a plaque with a large necrotic core and a thin fibrous cap. In order to characterize, and further comprehend, plaque vulnerability from a mechanical point of view, the rupture process can be seen as a mechanical process which occurs when the tensile stress in the fibrous cap exceeds its material strength. Biomechanical stress modeling of plaques using the Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used as a tool to provide insight in the stress distribution in plaques and shows potential to facilitate identification of vulnerable plaques using novel biomechanics-based risk-stratification criteria [1, 2, 3]. Accurate stress prediction using computational modeling depends on a number of factors including material models, computational methods, initial conditions and accurate reconstruction of the plaque geometry from ex vivo or in vivo imaging. The latter received limited attention and lacks a critical evaluation. In case of 3D modeling, the arterial geometry is typically reconstructed by stacking MRI or histology slices in the axial direction and interpolating the geometry without consensus on minimal requirements of inter slice distance (axial sampling distance) [4]. Due to time constraints during the imaging procedure, especially MRI suffers from a limited axial resolution (typically an inter slice distance of 1–3 mm), which might compromise accurate geometry reconstruction which could in turn influence resulting stress computations.

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Chauhan, Ashok K., Paramjeet Kaur, Anil Khurana, Yashpal Verma, and Nupur Bansal. "Pattern of distant metastases in treated cases of carcinoma cervix : An analysis." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685258.

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Aims: To analyze pattern of distant failure, site of metastases, number of metastases and duration in patient with carcinoma of cervix treated with concomitant chemoradiation. Materials and Methods: From May 2011 to December 2015, 73 patients of carcinoma cervix who treated with radical treatment (concomitant chemoradiation followed by 3 session of HDR brachytherapy) with distant metastases presented at Department of Radiotherapy-II, Pt BDS PGIMS, Rohtak were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Most of the female with metastases were in age group of 50-59 years (82%), 12% were in age group >60 and 6% were in < 50 year age group. Initial stage of presentation was 40% (29/73), 48% (35/73) and 12% (9/73) in stage II, III and IVA respectively. Out of which 93% had squamous cell carcinoma histology and 7% were having adenocarcinoma at time of presentation. Among them 49/73 (67%) had solitary metastases, 19/73 (26%) had two metastatic sites and 5/73 (7%) had multiple metastatic sites. Commonest site of distant metastases was paraaortic lymphnodes in 40% of cases, followed by liver, lungs, brains, cervical lymph nodes and one case of cutaneous metastases was also seen. Paraaortic lymphnodes, liver and lung metastases present in maximum number of patient with multiple metastases. Salvage chemotherapy given in 51 cases, palliative radiotherapy (30 Gy or 20 Gy) in 37 cases whereas in 5% of cases single session with 8 Gy was given. Conclusion: A regular and long term follow up of patients with carcinoma of cervix is necessary to detect distant metastases. With early and proper diagnosis and treatment a better outcome could be achieved.

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