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Academic literature on the topic 'Seine, Bassin de la (France) – Eau – Microbiologie'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seine, Bassin de la (France) – Eau – Microbiologie"
Garcia, Armisen Tamara. "Etude de la dynamique des Escherichia coli dans les rivières du bassin de la Seine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210795.
Full textTo be able to describe and modelize the fate of fecal bacteria at the scale of such a large and complex system, it was first necessary to identify and quantify the sources of contamination and to be able to describe the processes affecting these bacteria once discharged to the rivers.
The quantification of E. coli in the natural aquatic systems through the traditional culture-based techniques has been strongly questioned during the last years because they have a long response delay (24 to 48 h) and they do not take into account the viable but not culturable bacteria (VBNC) which nevertheless could represent a health thread. For this reason we developed in this study two alternative methods: the direct (without passing through a cultivation step) measurement of the â-D-glucuronidase activity and a fluorescent in situ hybridization with an E. coli specific probe coupled with a viability test. The first has the main advangate to give a very rapid evaluation of the E. coli content of the water while the second one was able to enumerate VBNC E. coli.
The study of the sources of contamination of the rivers revealed the predominance, in this anthropogenicised watershed, of the point sources (effluents from wastewater tretament plants). Diffuse sources soil leaching and surface runoff) may nevertheless be locally important and have also be quantified. The influence of the land use on these diffuse sources has been quantified demonstrating that soil leaching and surface runoff of grazed areas was mainly responsible of fecal contamination in rural areas.
The attachment of E .coli to particles in the river waters was studied as it can influence the fate of this kind of bacteria in the aquatic systems. A linear regression was found between the percentage of particle-associated E. coli and the SM content of the water. Settling velocities of particle-associated E. coli were determined. The mortality rate of E. coli was analysed following various perspectives: the river order, the attachment of E. coli to particles, the importance of the cultivability loss in the disappearance of these bacteria and the importance of protozoan grazing. The results confirmed the importance of grazing and showed that the abondance of free living E. coli bacteria decreased two times more rapidly than particle-associated E. coli. In the Seine river, we showed that the net loss of culturable E. coli was 1.5 time higher than the net loss of viable E. coli. Finally, no relationship was found between mortality rate and river order.
These results have been used to build two models CF-SENEQUE and CF-SiAM-3D which describe E. coli dynamics respectively for the whole Seine river watershed and for the Seine for the estuary. Comparisons model calcultaions with field data of fecal coliforms abundances showed that these models correctly simulated the longitudinal distribution of fecal colifoms in the main rivers of the Seine watershed and in the estuary. These models were used to test the impact on the microbiological water quality of various scenarii of wastewater management .
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie animale
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Siron, Valérie. "Stabilité de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique et effets toxicologiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077138.
Full textAs they are small, the nanoparticules which one of the dimensions is inferior to 100 nm, are used in many processes (textile, cosmetics,. . . ) and some nanomaterials are already included in consumer goods. Despite the rise of nanosciences, few studies have determined the ecotoxicological and environmental impact of the nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to find some answers to these issues. To do so, the study of the biological interactions between ZnO nanoparticles (semi conductor incorporated in the sunscreen composition), and a Escherichia coli, a bacteria présent in the environment, was performed. The toxic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated in two media: a growth medium Luria Bertani (LB), and an environmental medium, Seine river water. The results obtained in this work show that the toxic impact studies of nanoparticles needed a pluridisciplinary approach. Indeed, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of nanoparticles were evidenced in this work, but a comparison of the biological effects obtained during incubation with Zn2+ ions, suggested the partial dissolution of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was confirmed by solubility experiments performed in both media. The composition of the medium influences the potential toxicity of ZnO. The implication of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity was observed by using a mutant strain for the superoxide dismutase enzyme
Carpentier, Sonia. "Bilans et impacts de la mise en dépôt de sédiments fluviaux urbains dans le Bassin de la Seine." Paris 12, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861382.
Full textViavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textTouron-Bodilis, Aurélie. "Contribution à l'analyse du risque microbiologique en estuaire de Seine : présence et devenir de Salmonella et relation aux flores indicatrices." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES018.
Full textThe Seine estuary is a highly anthropized environment and its waters are greatly contaminated by upstream sources and point and non-point sources of faecal contamination. The majority of etiological pathogens of waterborne diseases being associated to human or animal faecal contamination, the microbiological quality of waters is assessed by the enumeration of the indicator flora for faecal contamination in the different areas of the estuary (water, mudflats and mussel beds), we have assessed the abundance of total and thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci and spores of C. Perfringens, and detected the pathogen Salmonella in its culturable form. The loss of culturability of the enteric pathogens in aquatic environments (viable but non culturable state), has led us to develop a molecular detection method by Nested Multiplex PCR. The geographical dissemination of the pathogen has been detected up to the mudflats sediments. A cluster analysis allowed us to group the sites of the estuary based on their microbiological contamination and to show the relative contribution of the lateral sources (tributaries and wastewater treatment plants)and the upstream of the estuary, in different flow rate conditions. Finally, a study to assess the loss of viability and culturability of Salmonella has been initiated with Seine water in a microcosm
Giry, Isabelle. "Contrôle sanitaire des eaux du Bassin d'Arcachon : impact de la fréquentation touristique sur la qualité bactériologique des eaux de baignade." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P016.
Full textResch, Mathilde. "Les territoires d’approvisionnement en eau potable de Paris : du transfert à la préservation des ressources." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7026.
Full textLike many large cities, Paris relies on relatively remote rural areas for its drinking water supply. Half the volume of water distributed in the French capital comes from groundwater collected in the Seine watershed, 100 to 150 km away. Contemporary water conservation issues raise questions about the changing relationships between the city and the territories on which urban water is abstracted. Two time periods are analyzed : first, the implementation of water transfers to Paris from the end of 19th century and then, the establishment of groundwater protection policies since the 1990s. The thesis has two purposes : first, to analyze the evolution of the discourse on urban water-related projects, from a political ecology perspective ; then, to understand how water conservation issues are perceived and integrated at the scale of water catchment areas. The research focuses on the case of the Voulzie, Durteint and Dragon catchments (Seine-et-Marne) and the Vigne catchment (Eure, Eure-et-Loir, Orne). Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, the methodology is based on a variety of sources. The analysis of historical records and various documents is complemented by semi-structured interviews, field observations and surveys. The results underline the evolution of the discourse on urban water-related projects and the (re)definition of hydrosocial territories in the context of environmental issues. At the catchment scale, the discourses are confronted with a study of the geographical factors that play a role in the territorial implication of local communities regarding water conservation policies. The thesis shows that the parisian municipality uses an inclusive and win-win discourse to align local territorialities with the Parisian hydrosocial territory. This discourse relies on the spatiality of local drinking water networks to foster the implication of stakeholders. However, the field survey points out several factors undermining this implication. A specific hydrosocial territory is emerging, distinct from the one that Paris promotes, based on remedial solutions to deal with water quality issues. In the Provins area, the reactions of some users to a network interconnection project suggests a future rapprochement with the Parisien hydrosocial territory
Texier, Stéphanie. "Dispersion et survie des populations de bactéries fécales bovines dans le sol des écosystèmes pâturés subalpins : conséquences sur le transfert bactérien dans les bassins versants." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS027.
Full textGrazing in subalpine pasturelands located in watershed heads represents a potential risk in terms of fecal microbiological pollution of both soil and water. Hence, the role of pastoral practises on soils and aquifers quality needs to be evaluated. The general goal of this work is to provide deeper knowledge on E. Coli ecology in dairy alpine grassland soils and on controlling factors of E. Coli in the environment. Microbiological analyses and molecular biology are carried out to evaluate the behaviour of E. Coli populations in cow pats, soils and water (throughout the estimation of populational abundance and physiological status as well as genetic structure). The rhizosphere soil (0-5 cm) is showed to be a permanent environmental reservoir of E. Coli populations (104 cells g-1 dry soil) whatever the season or the pasture unit. This result raises the possibility that fecal E. Coli could constitute a naturalized (sub )population, which is now part of the indigenous soil community of alpine pasture grasslands. In deeper soil layer below the root zone (5-25 cm), the abundance of E. Coli is directly correlated to soil hydrodynamic as does the population genetic structure. In water, E. Coli populations are closely related to those from cow pats and from well-drained soils, connected to aquifers. Also, molecular markers have been elaborated to purchase E. Coli physiological state. These results are discussed in terms of the indicator value of E. Coli and of its behaviour in soils of pasture grasslands
Seidl, Martin. "Caractérisation des rejets urbains de temps de pluie et de leurs impacts sur l'oxygénation de la Seine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523123.
Full textPhilippe, Élodie. "Contribution à la modélisation du transfert des nitrates au travers de la zone non saturée à l'échelle régionale : application au bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622536.
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