Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seismic Array Methods

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Seismic Array Methods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Caton, Ross C., Gary L. Pavlis, David J. Thomson, and Frank L. Vernon. "Methods for the robust computation of the long-period seismic spectrum of broad-band arrays." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 3 (2020): 1480–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa218.

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SUMMARY We describe array methods to search for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals in long-period seismic data using Fourier analysis. This is motivated by published results that find evidence of solar free oscillations in the Earth's seismic hum. Previous work used data from only one station. In this paper, we describe methods for computing spectra from array data. Arrays reduce noise level through averaging and provide redundancy that we use to distinguish coherent signal from a random background. We describe two algorithms for calculating a robust spectrum from seismic arrays, an algorithm that automatically removes impulsive transient signals from data, a jackknife method for estimating the variance of the spectrum, and a method for assessing the significance of an entire spectral band. We show examples of their application to data recorded by the Homestake Mine 3-D array in Lead, SD and the Piñon Flats PY array. These are two of the quietest small aperture arrays ever deployed in North America. The underground Homestake data has exceptionally low noise, and the borehole sensors of the PY array also have very low noise, making these arrays well suited to finding very weak signals. We find that our methods remove transient signals effectively from the data so that even low-SNR signals in the seismic background can be found and tested. Additionally, we find that the jackknife variance estimate is comparable to the noise floor, and we present initial evidence for solar g-modes in our data through the T2 test, a multivariate generalization of Student's t-test.
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La Rocca, M., and D. Galluzzo. "Seismic Monitoring of Mt. Vesuvius by Array Methods." Seismological Research Letters 85, no. 4 (2014): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220130216.

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Asten, Michael W. "On bias and noise in passive seismic data from finite circular array data processed using SPAC methods." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 6 (2006): V153—V162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2345054.

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The finite nature of typical small seismic arrays used in conjunction with spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) processing for observing the microtremor wavefield causes predictable perturbations of the SPAC spectrum when sources of seismic noise are confined to a restricted range of azimuths. Such perturbations are especially evident at higher frequencies where wavelengths are on the order of the array radius. The effects are readily modeled and show that the triangular array geometries commonly used for microtremor studies require azimuthal distributions of wave energy on the order of [Formula: see text] or greater to have a high probability of being free of such perturbations. The imaginary component of the SPAC spectrum, which is ideally zero for a sufficiently dense circular array and/or a sufficiently isotropic wavefield, is in practice often nonzero and provides three quality-control indicators: (1) an indication of insufficient spatial averaging, (2) an empirical measure of the level of statistical uncertainty in SPAC spectral estimates, and (3) an indication of departures from plane-wave stationarity of the seismic noise wavefield.
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Karaaslan, Aylin, Argun Kocaoğlu, and Serdar Özalaybey. "Local-scale phase velocity estimation using ambient seismic noise: comparison between passive seismic interferometry and conventional frequency–wavenumber methods." Geophysical Journal International 225, no. 3 (2021): 2075–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab080.

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SUMMARY We present a new processing scheme that uses passive seismic interferometry (PSI) followed by multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), which we call the 2-D PSI-MASW method, to obtain Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion (PVD) information. In this scheme, we first use the principles of PSI to form multidirectional cross-correlations (CCs) then project the CCs onto a 1-D virtual array and apply the phase-shift transform as in MASW processing. We compare PVD information obtained by this method with those of the conventional beam-power based frequency–wavenumber decomposition (CVFK) method using ambient seismic noise (ASN) data collected by local-scale 2-D arrays deployed at three selected sites in Bursa, Turkey. By analysing the ASN data from these sites, we show that similar multimodal PVD curves can be obtained with the two methods over a broad frequency range (∼2–23 Hz) within the wavenumber resolution and aliasing limits. However, in one of our sites where the 2-D array configuration has a considerable antisymmetry, we show that the 1-D virtual array used in the 2-D PSI-MASW method has a better array response function in terms of wavenumber resolution and suppression of side-lobes leading to superior mode resolution and separation than that of the CVFK method, which shows strong directional variations. Furthermore, unlike the CVFK method, the 2-D PSI-MASW method takes advantage of temporal stacking of CCs ensuring weak but coherent Rayleigh wave signals present in the ASN wavefield to be strengthened and has the potential for better extraction of PVD information. We conclude that by using a 2-D array with spatial coverage providing a wide range of directions and distances, reliable PVD information can be obtained even if the ASN sources are not concentrated in the stationary phase zones. Thus, we suggest that the 2-D PSI-MASW method is highly advantageous for the extraction of reliable PVD information owing to the multidirectional CCs provided by the 2-D array configurations. We also report that using only a single receiver line in the interferometric approach results in biased and/or incomplete PVD information due to the non-isotropic ASN source distribution at all three sites we analysed. In conclusion, our results clearly indicate that the 2-D PSI-MASW method can be used as complementary or alternative to the CVFK method to extract multimodal Rayleigh wave PVD information in local-scale seismological studies.
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Leva, Carola, Georg Rümpker, and Ingo Wölbern. "Remote monitoring of seismic swarms and the August 2016 seismic crisis of Brava, Cabo Verde, using array methods." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (2020): 3627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3627-2020.

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Abstract. During the first two days of August 2016 a seismic crisis occurred on Brava, Cabo Verde, which – according to observations based on a local seismic network – was characterized by more than a thousand volcano-seismic signals. Brava is considered an active volcanic island, although it has not experienced any historic eruptions. Seismicity significantly exceeded the usual level during the crisis. We report on results based on data from a temporary seismic-array deployment on the neighbouring island of Fogo at a distance of about 35 km. The array was in operation from October 2015 to December 2016 and recorded a total of 1343 earthquakes in the region of Fogo and Brava; 355 thereof were localized. On 1 and 2 August we observed 54 earthquakes, 25 of which could be located beneath Brava. We further evaluate the observations with regards to possible precursors to the crisis and its continuation. Our analysis shows a significant variation in seismicity around Brava, but no distinct precursory pattern. However, the observations suggest that similar earthquake swarms commonly occur close to Brava. The results further confirm the advantages of seismic arrays as tools for the remote monitoring of regions with limited station coverage or access.
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van den Ende, Martijn P. A., and Jean-Paul Ampuero. "Evaluating seismic beamforming capabilities of distributed acoustic sensing arrays." Solid Earth 12, no. 4 (2021): 915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-915-2021.

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Abstract. The versatility and cost efficiency of fibre-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technologies facilitate geophysical monitoring in environments that were previously inaccessible for instrumentation. Moreover, the spatio-temporal data density permitted by DAS naturally appeals to seismic array processing techniques, such as beamforming for source location. However, the measurement principle of DAS is inherently different from that of conventional seismometers, providing measurements of ground strain rather than ground motion, and so the suitability of traditional seismological methods requires in-depth evaluation. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a DAS array in the task of seismic beamforming, in comparison with a co-located nodal seismometer array. We find that, even though the nodal array achieves excellent performance in localising a regional ML 4.3 earthquake, the DAS array exhibits poor waveform coherence and consequently produces inadequate beamforming results that are dominated by the signatures of shallow scattered waves. We demonstrate that this behaviour is likely inherent to the DAS measurement principle, and so new strategies need to be adopted to tailor array processing techniques to this emerging measurement technology. One strategy demonstrated here is to convert the DAS strain rates to particle velocities by spatial integration using the nodal seismometer recordings as a reference, which dramatically improves waveform coherence and beamforming performance and warrants new types of “hybrid” array design that combine dense DAS arrays with sparse seismometer arrays.
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Stockmann, Fabienne, Laura Cobden, Frédéric Deschamps, Andreas Fichtner, and Christine Thomas. "Investigating the seismic structure and visibility of dynamic plume models with seismic array methods." Geophysical Journal International 219, Supplement_1 (2019): S167—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz334.

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SUMMARY Mantle plumes may play a major role in the transport of heat and mass through the Earth, but establishing their existence and structure using seismology has proven challenging and controversial. Previous studies have mainly focused on imaging plumes using waveform modelling and inversion (i.e. tomography). In this study we investigate the potential visibility of mantle plumes using array methods, and in particular whether we can detect seismic scattering from the plumes. By combining geodynamic modelling with mineral physics data we compute ‘seismic’ plumes whose shape and structure correspond to dynamically plausible thermochemical plumes. We use these seismic models to perform a full-waveform simulation, sending seismic waves through the plumes, in order to generate synthetic seismograms. Using velocity spectral analysis and slowness-backazimuth plots, we are unable to detect scattering. However at longer dominant periods (25 s) we see several arrivals from outside the plane of the great circle path, that are consistent with an apparent bending of the wave front around the plume conduit. At shorter periods (15 s), these arrivals are less obvious and less strong, consistent with the expected changes in the waves' behaviour at higher frequencies. We also detect reflections off the iron-rich chemical pile which serves as the plume source in the D″ region, indicating that D″ reflections may not always be due to a phase transformation. We suggest that slowness-backazimuth analysis may be a useful tool to locate mantle plumes in real array data sets. However, it is important to analyse the data at different dominant periods since, depending on the width of the plume, there is probably an optimum frequency band at which the plume is most visible. Our results also show the importance of studying the incoming energy in all directions, so that any apparently out-of-plane arrivals can be correctly interpreted.
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Dainty, Anton M., and M. Nafi Toksöz. "Array analysis of seismic scattering." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80, no. 6B (1990): 2242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa08006b2242.

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Abstract The use of high frequency arrays permits investigation of the spatial as well as the temporal character of the seismic wavefield in the frequency band 1-10 Hz. The authors have carried out investigations into seismic scattering at NORESS, FINESA, and ARCESS. Two principal methods have been used, frequency-wavenumber analysis of coda and coherency analysis of seismic phases. For regional seismograms, frequency-wavenumber analysis of Lg coda shows that Lg-to-Lg scattering dominates and that scattering is initially concentrated in the forward direction, changing to isotropic backscatter later in the coda. The P coda is more complex, although all cases studied show that energy is concentrated in the on-azimuth direction. However, different phase velocities are found for the three different cases studied, indicating that P coda is made up of several different contributions whose balance varies in different situations. In previous work, we have found that the decay of coherency with spatial separation scales as the wavelength for the Lg phase of regional events in the frequency band 1-10 Hz, declining to about 0.5 within one wavelength. Analysis of synthetic seismograms for realistic models of the area suggests that this loss of coherency is not due to dispersion, reaffirming a scattering interpretation. However, the decline in coherency is isotropic, seemingly contradicting the finding of forward scattering found in the frequency-wavenumber analysis. This may reflect a sensitivity of the coherency analysis to scattering within or very close to the array, while the frequency-wavenumber analysis favors scatterers at greater distance.
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Amundsen, Lasse. "Estimation of source array signatures." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 12 (1993): 1865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443402.

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The signature generated by an array of marine seismic sources is an important input to many seismic processing algorithms. Several methods have been proposed for determining the source signature from a single source or a source array (see e.g., Ziolkowski et al., 1982; Hargreaves, 1984; Loewenthal and Shtivelman, 1989; Carrion et al., 1990; Weglein and Secrest, 1990; Tygel et al., 1991; Landrø and Sollie, 1992, and Amundsen, 1993).
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Zhang, Faquan, Xiaozhe Yang, Pengfei Wang, Jincai Ye, and Guofu Wang. "Research on Geophone Array Method and Forward and Inversion Algorithm in Micro-seismic Positioning and Monitoring System." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 1041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509011041.

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In order to make the seismic positioning and monitoring system work more effectively, this paper designs four kinds of geophone array methods. By establishing complex geological model and using micro-grid ray tracing, the process that the signal starts from the source location to the seismic geophone arrays is simulated in forward algorithm. In condition of random disturbance, the source location is retrieved by means of inversion algorithm fulfilled by neural network algorithm and genetic algorithm. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the result and comparison with the true location, the characteristics of every geophone array method are presented. The paper also discusses proper number of geophones in the every array method. Results show that the most accurate, reasonable and effective array method can be selected and the forward and inversion algorithm is also effective.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Qin, Shuang. "New methods in seismic relection exploration." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360108.

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Ohrnberger, Matthias. "Continuous automatic classification of seismic signals of volcanic origin at Mt. Merapi, Java, Indonesia." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2001/0016/ohrnberg.pdf.

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Francois-Holden, Caroline. "Direct measurement of fault rupture using seismic dense arrays : Method and application to the Alpine Fault, New Zealand and SMART-1, Taiwan data." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6885.

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A dense network of strong motion seismometers is being developed for the central South Island of New Zealand in order to investigate the complexities of the upper crustal rupture process and propagation of major seismogenic sources such as the Alpine Fault and strands of the Marlborough Fault System defining the South Island sector of the Australia-Pacific plate boundary zone. Dense array analysis allows one to measure directly fault rupture parameters such as the rupture direction, velocity, and fault rupture area. This study develops and applies dense array analysis to determine an optimal array for the Alpine Fault region. The dense array analysis is based on the frequency-analysis MUSIC method (Multiple Signal Characterization) developed by Goldstein and Archuleta (1991a&b). MUSIC was chosen for its ability to resolve seismic signals with low signal-to-noise ratios. Careful programming, thorough data pre-processing and an innovative optimal time window determination were essential in obtaining reliable results. The proposed network is designed as a dense array comprising approximately 12 accelerographs utilising the University of Canterbury CUSP instrument. It will be deployed immediately to the East of the East-dipping Alpine Fault in the central West Coast region of the South Island, with coverage extending across to the Alpine-Hope Fault junction. The search for an optimal network for the region is dependant not only on finding an optimal array configuration but also and more significantly on optimal site locations, which because of the mountainous terrain provides a severe limitation. In order to assess the efficiency of dense array analysis, synthetic data were generated for known rupture scenarios. The synthetic strong-motion records were computed using an empirical Green's function synthetic seismogram program EMPSYN (Hutchings, 1987). Comparison of computed rupture parameters with synthetic known inputs has proven that the technique is efficient in reproducing fault rupture scenarios. The analysis provides rupture velocities and directions consistent with input values. These results are an important outcome to validate dense array analysis performed on real data sets. However, dense array analysis could reveal no sign of an asperity in the synthetic scenario. The method is applied to a real dataset recorded at the dense SMART-1 array in Taiwan. Important rupture parameters such as the direction of propagation, velocity and rupture area were successfully measured. In addition, an interesting feature of the real rupture is also identified. The fault rupture initiates at a super-shear velocity and eventually slows to a "cruising" velocity closer to the shear-wave velocities. This result supports the emerging theory that a fault rupture velocity is not constant.
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Kottke, Albert Richard. "A comparison of seismic site response methods." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1696.

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Local soil conditions influence the characteristics of earthquake ground shaking and these effects must be taken into account when specifying ground shaking levels for seismic design. These effects are quantified via site response analysis, which involves the propagation of earthquake motions from the base rock through the overlying soil layers to the ground surface. Site response analysis provides surface acceleration-time series, surface acceleration response spectra, and/or spectral amplification factors based on the dynamic response of the local soil conditions. This dissertation investigates and compares the results from different site response methods. Specifically, equivalent-linear time series analysis, equivalent-linear random vibration theory analysis, and nonlinear time series analysis are considered. In the first portion of this study, hypothetical sites and events are used to compare the various site response methods. The use of hypothetical events at hypothetical sites allowed for the seismic evaluation process used in engineering practice to be mimicked. The hypothetical sites were modeled after sites with characteristics that are representative of sites in the Eastern and Western United States. The input motions selected to represent the hypothetical events were developed using the following methods: stochastically-simulated time series, linearly-scaled recorded time series, and spectrally-matched time series. The random vibration theory input motions were defined using: seismological source theory, averaging of the Fourier amplitude spectra computed from scaled time series, and a response spectrum compatible motion. All of the different input motions were then scaled to varying intensity levels and propagated through the sites to evaluate the relative differences between the methods and explain the differences. Data recorded from borehole arrays, which consist of instrumentation at surface and at depth within the soil deposit, are used to evaluate the absolute bias of the site response methods in the second portion of this study. Borehole array data is extremely useful as it captures both the input motion and the surface motion, and can be used to study solely the wave propagation process within the soil deposit. However, comparisons using the borehole data are complicated by the assumed wavefield at the base of the array. In this study, sites are selected based on site conditions and the availability of high intensity input motions. The site characteristics are then developed based on site specific information and data from laboratory soil testing. Comparisons between the observed and computed response are used to first assess the wavefield at the base of the array, and then to evaluate the accuracy of the site response methods.<br>text
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Gaždová, Renata. "Využití a interpretace seismických povrchových vln v širokém oboru frekvencí." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309478.

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Submitted Ph.D. thesis is concerning the application and interpretation of seismic surface waves in a broad range of frequencies and scales. Using surface waves as a supplement to the methods dealing with body waves seems to be worth the effort. Surface wave interpretation can be used to obtain new information about the studied medium and simultaneously it can overcome, in some cases, the limitations of other seismic techniques. Moreover, surface waves are usually present on measured records and hence for its usage it is not necessary to modify the standard measuring procedures. One of the results of this thesis is an original algorithm for dispersive waveform calculation. The program works in an arbitrary range of frequencies and scales. The input parameter for the calculation is the dispersion curve. In this point the algorithm differs from all other approaches used so far. Algorithm is based on a summation of frequency components with shifts corresponding to the velocity dispersion and distance. The resulting waveform only contains an individual dispersive wave of the selected mode, thus being particularly suitable for testing of methodologies for dispersive wave analysis. The algorithm was implemented into the program DISECA. Furthermore, a new procedure was designed to calculate the dispersion...
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Books on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Arrays and array methods in global seismology. Springer, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Rost, Sebastian, and Christine Thomas. "Improving Seismic Resolution Through Array Processing Techniques." In Arrays and Array Methods in Global Seismology. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3680-3_2.

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Snieder, Roel, Masatoshi Miyazawa, Evert Slob, Ivan Vasconcelos, and Kees Wapenaar. "A Comparison of Strategies for Seismic Interferometry." In Arrays and Array Methods in Global Seismology. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3680-3_9.

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Wang, Yi, Lianxing Wen, and Donald Weidner. "Array Triplication Data Constraining Seismic Structure and Composition in the Mantle." In Arrays and Array Methods in Global Seismology. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3680-3_5.

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Nouri, G. R., M. R. Ghayamghamian, and M. Hashemifard. "Evaluation of Torsional Component of Ground Motion by Different Methods Using Dense Array Data." In Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures II. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14246-3_3.

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Komatitsch, Dimitri, Seiji Tsuboi, and Jeroen Tromp. "The spectral-element method in seismology." In Seismic Earth: Array Analysis of Broadband Seismograms. American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/157gm13.

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Joswig, Manfred. "Automated Event Location by Seismic Arrays and Recent Methods for Enhancement." In Advances in Seismic Event Location. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9536-0_8.

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Hodgkiss, W. S., J. C. Nickles, G. L. Edmonds, R. A. Harriss, and G. L. D’Spain. "A Large Dynamic Range Vertical Array of Acoustic Sensors." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_33.

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Voronovich, A. "Long Vertical Arrays in Acoustical Sounding of the Ocean." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_39.

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Chiu, Ching-Sang, James H. Miller, Warren W. Denner, and James F. Lynch. "Forward Modeling of the Barents Sea Tomography Vertical Line Array Data and Inversion Highlights." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_38.

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Jesus, S. M. "A Sensitivity Study for Full-Field Inversion of Geo-Acoustic Data with a Towed Array in Shallow Water." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Goertz, Alexander Valentin, Tatiana Thiem, Endre Vange Bergfjord, Audun Libak, Brian Atkinson, and Sascha Bussat. "Real-Time Lookahead Imaging Using the Drill Bit as Seismic Source." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204060-ms.

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Abstract We monitor the seismic signal emitted from a rotating drill bit in real time with an array of seismic sensors at the seafloor. Drill-bit seismic signals provide information to locate the drill-bit position itself and to image geological objects ahead and around the drill bit for geosteering purposes during drilling operations. The data can be obtained in real time without the need to stop drilling for logging and without any additional downhole instrumentation in the bottom hole assembly. Drill-bit positioning accuracy is independent of measured depth and with meter level lateral precision. This is significantly better than conventional downhole gyro-based methods, especially for long horizontal wells. With sources along the drilled well path approaching a target reservoir we obtain a 3D reverse VSP (RVSP) image around the well for prediction ahead of the drill bit. This paper presents a case study from the Grane reservoir in the North Sea, where we utilize a permanent reservoir monitoring (PRM) array for listening to signals emitted from drilling with a PDC bit. We present imaging results from a highly deviated well and compare them to 3D seismic. The field example shows the ability to look ahead several hundreds of meters below the drilled well trajectory.
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Li, Bing, and D. K. Vijay. "Study of the Effect of FRS and SAM on Pipe Seismic Stress Using Taguchi Method." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77020.

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In this paper, the effect of floor response spectra (FRS) and seismic anchor movement (SAM) on the seismic stresses in the piping system is studied through a combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and the Taguchi Method. Class 3 piping systems according to ASME B&amp;PV code Section III Subsection ND with different natural frequencies are analyzed in this study. Taguchi method is applied to create an orthogonal array to show the variability of FRS and SAM, which is taken as the ±20% variation over its nominal value. Based on the Taguchi orthogonal array, finite element simulations are carried out to obtain the seismic code stress in each piping system. From the Taguchi signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the seismic code stress results, the effect of FRS and SAM on the resultant seismic stress is given and expressed as a percentage. The study shows that the FRS is dominating the seismic stress for the piping system with low natural frequency (i.e., flexible system) while SAM is dominating the seismic stress for the piping system with high natural frequency (i.e., rigid system), for the piping system with a medium natural frequency, both FRS and SAM contribute to the seismic stress and the percentage of contribution of each parameter varies with the level of the system natural frequency. The results of this study also show that if the piping system is designed either too rigid or too flexible for the same layout, it will result in high resultant (primary plus secondary) seismic stress.
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Ayers, Ray R., Warren T. Jones, and David Hannay. "Methods to Reduce Lateral Noise Propagation From Seismic Exploration Vessels." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79673.

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This paper covers the development of methods and equipment for reducing lateral noise propagation from seismic exploration vessels operating in the Alaskan Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. Oil exploration activities are currently taking place or are planned, and there is a need for creating methods and equipment to reduce lateral noise propagation from seismic exploration. This project is supported by the U.S. Minerals Management Service, which has the responsibility and authority to ensure that oil and gas exploration and production activities are conducted in a safe and environmentally sound manner. This research effort includes a literature synthesis and review to identify existing seismic exploration technologies (airguns) and involves developing promising methods and technologies that could potentially reduce the lateral propagation of sound from those airguns. Three principal areas have been explored: (a) Attenuating lateral noise with air bubble curtains, like has been shown in the literature, or with some special bubble curtain material, acting as a more solid curtain-like barrier, (b) Making arrays more directional, and thus narrow the cone of sound, and (c) Changing the structure of the airguns to reduce high frequency sound (noise) while maintaining the strong source signal needed for exploration purposes. This paper (a) describes our preliminary findings in each of the above areas and (b) shows that deploying bubble curtains outboard of the seismic arrays towed by the same exploration vessel can potentially produce the sought-after noise reduction, while the minimizing impact on the traditional seismic exploration operations.
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Vangkilde-Pedersen, T., P. Skjellerup, J. Ringgaard, and J. F. Jensen. "Pulled Array Seismic (PAS) – A New Method for Shallow Reflection Seismic Data Acquisition." In 65th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.6.p201.

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Hunter, J. A., S. E. Pullan, and M. A. Lockhard. "A vertical seismic array method for shallow seismic refraction surveying of the sea floor." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892228.

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F. Jensen, J., J. Ringgaard, P. Skjellerup, and T. Vangkilde-Pedersen. "Pulled array seismic (PAS) – A new method for shallow, high-resolution reflection seismic data acquisition." In 8th EEGS-ES Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201406194.

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Krasovec, M. L., W. Rodi, R. Turpening, R. T. Coates, and M. N. Toksöz. "A Migration Method for Limited Seismic Array Geometries - Application to Reverse VSP." In 64th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.5.b027.

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Strack, K., S. Davydycheva, T. Hanstein, and Z. Jiang. "Bringing electromagnetics and seismics closer with array electromagnetics: from the borehole to land and marine E&P." In International Workshop and Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic Methods and their Applications, Chenghu, China, 19-22 April 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and and Chinese Geophysical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/gem2015-037.

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Ziemer, Tim. "Localizing Swimming Objects in Noisy Environments by Applying Nearfield Acoustic Holography and Minimum Energy Method." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41733.

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Abstract:
A problem in localizing individual swimming objects acoustically is the high amount of strongly fluctuating ambient noise due to turbulent pressure fluctuations, thermal and seismic noise, motoring vessels, wind and marine mammals. In littoral and other shallow waters additionally the complex boundaries produce absorption of high-frequency components and strong reverberation in other frequency regions, refraction due to sudden changes in temperature and scattering from the rough sea surface and floor. In this paper localization of a single swimming object in presence of disturbing sources and noise is simulated. Low-frequency nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) based on vector hydrophone array measurements is combined with minimum energy method (MEM) to increase detection certainty. This combination of NAH and MEM appears to be a reliable and robust detection method suitable e.g. for sort-range navigation in littoral waters and for iceberg detection in open waters.
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Yu, C., L. G. Han, X. B. Gong, and P. Zhang. "The Method of Directional Seismic Wave Field and Illumination Based on Source Array Including Rugged Surface." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413133.

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Reports on the topic "Seismic Array Methods"

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Graves, Emily Jo. Investigating the 2016 Jackson, Wyoming Earthquake Sequence using Waveform Cross-correlation and Seismic Array Methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481121.

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Burnison, Shaughn, Amanda Livers-Douglas, Cesar Barajas-Olalde, et al. Final report of a scalable, automated, semipermanent seismic array (SASSA) method for detecting CO2 extent during geologic CO2 injection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1413495.

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