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Journal articles on the topic 'Seismic Hazard Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Sari, Anggun Mayang, and Afnindar Fakhrurrozi. "SEISMIC HAZARD MICROZONATION BASED ON PROBABILITY SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS IN BANDUNG BASIN." RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 30, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2020.v30.1138.

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The geological and seismic-tectonic setting in the Bandung Basin area proliferates the seismicity risk. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the seismic hazards caused by the foremost seismic source that affects the ground motions in the bedrock. This research employed Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) method to determine the peak ground acceleration value. It considers the source of the earthquakes in the radius of 500 km with a return period of 2500 years. The analysis results showed that the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in this region varies from 0.46 g to 0.70 g. It correlates with the magnitude and hypocentre of the dominant earthquake source of the study locations. The PGA value on the bedrock was used as an input to develop the seismic hazard microzonation map. It was composed using the Geographic Information System (GIS) to visualise the result. This research provides a scientific foundation for constructing residential buildings and infrastructure, particularly as earthquake loads in the building structure design calculations. ABSTRACT - Mikrozonasi Bahaya Seismik Berdasarkan Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis di Cekungan Bandung. Kondisi geologi dan seismik-tektonik di Cekungan Bandung meningkatkan risiko kegempaan di wilayah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang bahaya seismik yang disebabkan oleh sumber-sumber gempa di sekitarnya yang mempengaruhi gelombang gempa di batuan dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Probability Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) untuk menentukan nilai percepatan gelombang gempa di batuan dasar. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini menggunakan sumber gempa dalam radius 500 km dengan periode perulangan 2500 tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) di wilayah ini bervariasi dari 0,46 g hingga 0,70 g. Hal ini berkorelasi dengan magnitudo dan jarak hiposenter sumber gempa dominan terhadap lokasi penelitian. Nilai PGA di batuan dasar digunakan sebagai input data dalam pembuatan peta mikrozonasi bahaya seismik. Peta mikrozonasi bahaya seismik disusun dan divisualisasikan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Luaran penelitian ini menghasilkan landasan ilmiah pada konstruksi bangunan tempat tinggal dan infrastruktur, khususnya sebagai pembebanan gempa dalam perhitungan desain struktur bangunan.

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2

Tahernia, N. "Fuzzy-Logic Tree Approach for Seismic Hazard Analysis." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 6, no. 3 (2014): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2014.v6.692.

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3

SOMSA-ARD, NANTHAPORN, and SANTI PAILOPLEE. "SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR MYANMAR." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 07, no. 04 (November 2013): 1350029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431113500292.

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In this study, the seismic hazards of Myanmar are analyzed based on both deterministic and probabilistic scenarios. The area of the Sumatra–Andaman Subduction Zone is newly defined and the lines of faults proposed previously are grouped into nine earthquake sources that might affect the Myanmar region. The earthquake parameters required for the seismic hazard analysis (SHA) were determined from seismicity data including paleoseismological information. Using previously determined suitable attenuation models, SHA maps were developed. For the deterministic SHA, the earthquake hazard in Myanmar varies between 0.1 g in the Eastern part up to 0.45 g along the Western part (Arakan Yoma Thrust Range). Moreover, probabilistic SHA revealed that for a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 and 100 years, the levels of ground shaking along the remote area of the Arakan Yoma Thrust Range are 0.35 and 0.45 g, respectively. Meanwhile, the main cities of Myanmar located nearby the Sagaing Fault Zone, such as Mandalay, Yangon, and Naypyidaw, may be subjected to peak horizontal ground acceleration levels of around 0.25 g.

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4

Matuschka, T., K. R. Berryman, A. J. O'Leary, G. H. McVerry, W. M. Mulholland, and R. I. Skinner. "New Zealand seismic hazard analysis." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 4 (December 31, 1985): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.18.4.313-322.

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The results of a seismic hazard analysis for the country by the Seismic Risk Subcommittee (SRS) of the Standards Association are presented. The SRS was formed in 1979 to advise the Standards Association Loadings Code Amendments Committee on the frequency and level of earthquake ground shaking throughout New Zealand. Results of the SRS study are in terms of estimates of five percent damped horizontal acceleration response spectra for 50, 150, 450 and 1000 year return periods. It is intended that these results will form the basis for developing seismic design response spectra for the proposed new Loadings Code (NZS 4203).

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5

PUTRA, Rusnardi Rahmat, Junji KIYONO, Yusuke ONO, and Hari Ram PARAJULI. "SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS FOR INDONESIA." Journal of Natural Disaster Science 33, no. 2 (2012): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2328/jnds.33.59.

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6

Putcha, C. S., and J. M. Ferritto. "Seismic hazard analysis—Computer validation." Computers & Structures 58, no. 4 (February 1996): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00167-f.

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7

Ellingwood, Bruce R. "Seismic hazard and risk analysis." Structural Safety 27, no. 3 (July 2005): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2004.12.004.

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8

Sharma, Sunil, and Mario Candia-Gallegos. "Seismic hazard analysis of Peru." Engineering Geology 32, no. 1-2 (February 1992): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(92)90019-u.

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9

Klügel, Jens-Uwe. "Seismic Hazard Analysis — Quo vadis?" Earth-Science Reviews 88, no. 1-2 (May 2008): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.01.003.

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10

Mohindra, Rakesh, Anand K. S. Nair, Sushil Gupta, Ujjwal Sur, and Vladimir Sokolov. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Yemen." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/304235.

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A stochastic-event probabilistic seismic hazard model, which can be used further for estimates of seismic loss and seismic risk analysis, has been developed for the territory of Yemen. An updated composite earthquake catalogue has been compiled using the databases from two basic sources and several research publications. The spatial distribution of earthquakes from the catalogue was used to define and characterize the regional earthquake source zones for Yemen. To capture all possible scenarios in the seismic hazard model, a stochastic event set has been created consisting of 15,986 events generated from 1,583 fault segments in the delineated seismic source zones. Distribution of horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) was calculated for all stochastic events considering epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion modeling using three suitable ground motion-prediction relationships, which were applied with equal weight. The probabilistic seismic hazard maps were created showing PGA and MSK seismic intensity at 10% and 50% probability of exceedance in 50 years, considering local soil site conditions. The resulting PGA for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years (return period 475 years) ranges from 0.2 g to 0.3 g in western Yemen and generally is less than 0.05 g across central and eastern Yemen. The largest contributors to Yemen’s seismic hazard are the events from the West Arabian Shield seismic zone.

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11

Hong, H. P., K. Goda, and A. G. Davenport. "Seismic hazard analysis: a comparative study." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-062.

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The quantitative seismic hazard maps for the 1970s National Building Code of Canada were evaluated using the Davenport–Milne method. The Cornell–McGuire method is employed to develop recent seismic hazard maps of Canada. These methods incorporate the information on seismicity, magnitude-recurrence relations, and ground motion (or response) attenuation relations. The former preserves and depends completely on details of the historical seismicity; the latter smoothes the irregular spatial occurrence pattern of the historical seismicity into seismic source zones. Further, the Epicentral Cell method, which attempts to incorporate the preserving and smoothing aspect of these methods, has been developed. However, the impact of the adopted assumptions on the estimated quantitative seismic hazard has not been investigated. This study provides a comparative seismic hazard assessment using the above-mentioned methods and simulation-based algorithms. The analysis results show that overall the Davenport–Milne method gives quasi-circular seismic hazard contours near significant historical events, and the Cornell–McGuire method smoothes the transition of contours. The Epicentral Cell method provides estimates approximately within the former and the latter. Key words: epicentral cell method, probability, seismic hazard, Thiessen polygon, Voronoi, uniform hazard spectra.

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12

Berrill, J. B. "Seismic hazard analysis and design loads." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 2 (June 30, 1985): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.18.2.139-150.

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This article briefly reviews the seismic design load and zoning scheme proposed by the NZNSEE Bridge Study Group and discusses subsequent work in improving the underlying estimates of New Zealand seismic hazard. The loading scheme, published in 1980, was based on contemporary knowledge of seismic hazard in New Zealand and was innovative in its format which was chosen to give the designer flexibility in selecting the degree of ductility built into the structure, and the return period of the design motions. Difficulty in estimating the design spectra for the NZNSEE study prompted a number of research projects at Canterbury University directed towards a thorough analysis of seismic hazard in New Zealand, expressed directly in terms of acceleration response spectra. These studies, together with complementary work by the SANZ Relative Earthquake Risk Subcommittee are described and discussed.

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13

Mase, Lindung Zalbuin. "Seismic Hazard Vulnerability of Bengkulu City, Indonesia, Based on Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): 5433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01375-6.

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14

Ghimire, Sunita. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Nepal." Journal of Innovations in Engineering Education 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiee.v2i1.36676.

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Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Nepal has been carried out considering uniform density model. A detailed earthquake catalogue since 1255 A.D, within the rectangular area has been developed and historical earthquakes are plotted in the map of Nepal. Five hundred twenty eight numbers of areal sources are used within the study area to characterize the seismic sources. The completeness of the data has been checked by using Stepp's procedure. Seismicity in four regions of study area has been evaluated by defining 'a' and 'b' parameters of Gutenberg Richter recurrence relationship. Seismic hazard curve of Nepal for soft subsoil condition for 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years period i.e. for return period of 475 years has been plotted.

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15

Burlotos, Christianos, Kevin Walsh, Tatiana Goded, Graeme McVerry, Nicholas Brooke, and Jason Ingham. "Seismic zonation and default suites of ground-motion records for time-history analysis in the South Island of New Zealand." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.55.1.25-42.

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The rise of performance-based earthquake engineering, in combination with the complexity associated with selecting records for time-history analysis, demonstrates an expressed need for localized default suites of ground motion records for structural designers to use in the absence of site-specific studies. In the current research investigation, deaggregations of probabilistic seismic hazard models (National Seismic Hazard Model, Canterbury Seismic Hazard Model, and Kaikōura Seismic Hazard Model) and the location-specific seismological characteristics of expected ground motions were used to define eight seismic hazard zonations and accompanying suite profiles for the South Island of New Zealand to satisfy the requirements of the New Zealand structural design standard NZS1170.5 for response-history analyses. Specific records, including 21 from the recent Kaikōura, Darfield, and Christchurch earthquakes, were then selected from publicly-available databases and presented as default suites for use in time-history analyses in the absence of site-specific studies. This investigation encompasses seismic hazards corresponding to 500-year return periods, site classes C (shallow soils) and D (deep soils), and buildings with fundamental periods between 0.4 and 2.0 seconds.

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16

Malhotra, Dr P. K. "Seismic Hazard Analysis for Building Codes." Seismological Research Letters 78, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.4.415.

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17

Iervolino, I., M. Giorgio, and B. Polidoro. "Sequence-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 104, no. 2 (March 25, 2014): 1006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130207.

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18

Giorgio, Massimiliano, and Iunio Iervolino. "On Multisite Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 106, no. 3 (June 2016): 1223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120150369.

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19

Anbazhagan, P., J. S. Vinod, and T. G. Sitharam. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Bangalore." Natural Hazards 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9253-3.

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20

Ram, Thapa Dilli, and Guoxin Wang. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Nepal." Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 12, no. 4 (December 2013): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11803-013-0191-z.

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21

Su, S. S. "Seismic hazard analysis for the Philippines." Natural Hazards 1, no. 1 (1988): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00168220.

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22

McGuire, Robin K. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: Early history." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 37, no. 3 (2008): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.765.

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23

Hashash, Youssef M. A., Byungmin Kim, Scott M. Olson, and Irshad Ahmad. "Seismic Hazard Analysis Using Discrete Faults in Northwestern Pakistan: Part II – Results of Seismic Hazard Analysis." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 8 (April 10, 2012): 1161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.681424.

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24

Giovinazzi, Sonia. "Geotechnical hazard representation for seismic risk analysis." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 42, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.42.3.221-234.

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Seismic risk analysis, either deterministic or probabilistic, along with the use of a GIS environment to represent the results, are helpful tools to support decision making for planning and prioritizing seismic risk management strategies. This paper focuses on the importance of an appropriate geotechnical hazard representation within a seismic risk analysis process. An overview of alternative methods for geotechnical zonation available in literature is provided, with a level of refinement appropriate to the information available. It is worth noting that in such methods, the definition of the site effect amplifications does not account for the characteristics of the built environment affecting the soil-structure interaction. Alternative methods able to account for both the soil conditions and the characteristics of the built environment have been recently proposed and are herein discussed. Within a framework for seismic risk analysis, different formulations would thus derive depending on both the intensity measure and the vulnerability approach adopted. In conclusion, an immediate visualization of the importance of the geotechnical hazard evaluation within a seismic risk analysis is provided in terms of the variation of the expected damage and consequence distribution with reference to a case-study.

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25

KRINITZSKY, E. L. "The Hazard in Using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Engineering." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience IV, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.iv.4.425.

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26

Shah, Syed Fahad Hussain, Chen Ningsheng, Ahmad Hammad Khaliq, Mehtab Alam, Hilal Ahmad, and Mahfuzur Rahman. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxes and its Surrounding." Journal of the Geological Society of India 98, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2167-y.

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27

Katona, Tamás János, and Zoltán Karsa. "Probabilistic Safety Analysis of the Liquefaction Hazard for a Nuclear Power Plant." Geosciences 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050192.

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Liquefaction hazard safety is essential for operating nuclear power plants where the elimination of hazards via engineering measures is not practicable. For this, the core damage frequency should be evaluated via integration of the liquefaction hazard into the seismic probabilistic safety analysis. In the seismic probabilistic safety analysis, the maximum horizontal acceleration is used as the intensity measure and as the engineering demand parameter for a simple calculation of failure rates. According to the studies performed for the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, loss of emergency service water supply due to relative settlement of adjacent structures and structural and functional failures due to tilting are the dominating failure modes. To integrate these failure modes into a seismic probabilistic safety analysis, hazard and fragility should be evaluated as functions of properly identified intensity measures and engineering demand parameters, preferable the maximum horizontal acceleration. Since a generic procedure does not exist in nuclear practice, based on the analyses for the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, two practical options are proposed for integration of the liquefaction hazard into a seismic probabilistic safety analysis, and for the calculation of annual probability of failure of critical structures.

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28

Klügel, Jens-Uwe, Richard Attinger, and Shobha Rao. "Adjusting Fragility Analysis to Seismic Hazard Input." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0395.

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This paper shows that the results of contemporary probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), uniform hazard spectra, and hazard curves are inconsistent with the fragilitymethod used for seismic probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). The calculation used in PSHA is based on the evaluation of the probability of exceeding specified acceleration levels without considering the damaging effects of earthquakes. Empirical fragility of structures and components derived from field observations or qualification tests is conditioned to model large earthquakes, so fragility analysis must be adjusted to correspond with PSHA hazard estimates. Adjustment based on energy absorption principles is presented in the sections that follow, andmacroseismic information from intensity is used for verification. The procedure suggested was applied in seismic probabilistic risk assessment for the Goesgen, Switzerland, nuclear power plant (NPP).

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29

Eskandari, M., S. Goodarzi, and M. A. Nekooie. "SEISMIC DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF LIFELINES BASED ON GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-197-2019.

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Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to develop a Geospatial Information System (GIS) model with the ability to assess the seismic damage to lifelines for two well-known hazards, including ground shaking and ground failure simultaneously. The model that is developed and used in this study includes four main parts of database implementation, seismic hazard analysis, vulnerability assessment and seismic damage assessment to determine the lifeline’s damage probability. To consider uncertainty analysis in the model, Monte Carlo simulation is used based on 10,000 iterations. The results of hazard analysis indicated that peak ground acceleration is about 0.03 g to 0.3 g and there is slight to moderate damages to the desired infrastructure in the study area.

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30

Cheriberi, Derrick, and Eric Yee. "Preliminary Seismic Hazard Analyses for the Ugandan Region." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020598.

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Uganda is situated between the two seismically active branches of the East African Rift Valley System, which are characterized by high levels of seismicity. A probabilistic approach has been used to assess the seismic hazard for Uganda and the surrounding areas. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis requires the availability of an earthquake catalog, relevant ground motion prediction equations, and an outline of how the hazard calculations will be conducted. Using online sources, an earthquake catalog for Uganda and the immediate areas around Uganda was compiled spanning 108 years, from 1912 to 2020. This catalog was homogenized to moment magnitude to match with the selected ground motion prediction equations from Toro and Idriss. A logic tree accounting for the two ground motion prediction equations and dividing the study region into four seismic zones was used for calculating the seismic hazard. As an example, the seismic hazard results at two sites close to each other showed how different seismic hazards can be. Results from the probabilistic seismic hazard analyses was expressed through seismic hazard maps for peak ground acceleration at 10% probability of exceedance in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 years, corresponding to return periods of 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 years, respectively. The seismic hazard map for 10% probability of exceedance in 5 years calculated PGAs from 0.02 to 0.10 g and 0.10 to 0.27 g outside of and within the western branch of the East African Rift Valley System, respectively. The estimated PGAs from previous studies at a similar probability of exceedance level are within the range of these findings, although the ranges calculated herein are wider.

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31

Porfido, Sabina, Giuliana Alessio, Germana Gaudiosi, and Rosa Nappi. "New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020058.

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The application of the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) scale 2007 to moderate and strong earthquakes, in different geological context all over the word, highlights the importance of Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) for the assessment of seismic hazards. This Special Issue “New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of the state-of-the-art in this field. Moreover the collected papers also analyze new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods essential for development of new seismic hazard models.

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32

Molas, Gilbert L., and Fumio Yamazaki. "Seismic macrozonation of the philippines based on seismic hazard analysis." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 489 (1994): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1994.489_59.

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33

Rahman, Md Zillur, Sumi Siddiqua, and A. S. M. Maksud Kamal. "Seismic source modeling and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Bangladesh." Natural Hazards 103, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 2489–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04094-6.

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34

Anbazhagan, P., and A. Balakumar. "Seismic magnitude conversion and its effect on seismic hazard analysis." Journal of Seismology 23, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 623–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-019-09826-1.

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35

Parashar, Ashish Kumar. "Seismic Hazard Analysis of Low Seismic Regions, Durg & Rajnandgaon." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 3, no. 4 (2012): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0342233.

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36

Bradley, Brendon, Misko Cubrinovski, and Frederick Wentz. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of peak ground acceleration for major regional New Zealand locations." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.55.1.15-24.

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This paper presents site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) results at 24 locations throughout New Zealand (NZ). Specifically, peak ground acceleration (PGA) hazard curves for two generic soft soil conditions are considered. For specific return periods of interest, seismic hazard disaggregation is used to obtain the percentage contributions of various seismic sources to the hazard, including metrics such as mean earthquake magnitude used for simplified geotechnical calculations. The seismic hazard analyses utilise concensus models for seismic source and ground-motion characterisation, including consideration of alternative ground-motion models. The analyses therefore represent an appreciable improvement relative to the science that underpin current loading standards [e.g., 1,2]. Consequently, we advocate the use of these results as a scientific basis for potential revisions to standards and guidance documents that characterise seismic hazard via PGA.

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37

Bazzurro, Paolo, and C. Allin Cornell. "Disaggregation of seismic hazard." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890020501.

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Abstract Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) integrates over all potential earthquake occurrences and ground motions to estimate the mean frequency of exceedance of any given spectral acceleration at the site. For improved communication and insights, it is becoming common practice to display the relative contributions to that hazard from the range of values of magnitude, M, distance, R, and epsilon, ɛ, the number of standard deviations from the median ground motion as predicted by an attenuation equation. The proposed disaggregation procedures, while conceptually similar, differ in several important points that are often not reported by the researchers and not appreciated by the users. We discuss here such issues, for example, definition of the probability distribution to be disaggregated, different disaggregation techniques, disaggregation of R versus ln R, and the effects of different binning strategies on the results. Misconception of these details may lead to unintended interpretations of the relative contributions to hazard. Finally, we propose to improve the disaggregation process by displaying hazard contributions in terms of not R, but latitude, longitude, as well as M and ɛ. This permits a display directly on a typical map of the faults of the surrounding area and hence enables one to identify hazard-dominating scenario events and to associate them with one or more specific faults, rather than a given distance. This information makes it possible to account for other seismic source characteristics, such as rupture mechanism and near-source effects, during selection of scenario-based ground-motion time histories for structural analysis.

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38

FUJIWARA, Hiroyuki, Yutaka ISHIKAWA, Toshihiko OKUMURA, and Jun'ichi MIYAKOSHI. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Kanto Region: Modeling of Seismic Activity and Methodology for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 116, no. 3/4 (2007): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.116.3-4_451.

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39

ALPYÜRÜR, Mehmet. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis of Burdur City." International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1223750.

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The aim of this study is to assess seismic hazard for Burdur City (SW Turkey) using a probabilistic approach. A new earthquake catalog for Burdur City and its vicinity, with unified moment magnitude scale, was prepared in the scope of the study. Seismicity of the area was evaluated by the Gutenberg-Richter recurrence relationship. For hazard computation, R-CRISIS (v18) software was used. New Generation Attenuation models were used for analyses. Seismic hazard maps were developed for peak ground acceleration and for bedrock with hazard levels of 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Results of the study show that peak ground acceleration values on bedrock with hazard levels of 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years change between 0.70-0.75 g and 0.44-0.48 g, respectively.

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Nojima, Nobuoto, Satoshi Fujikawa, Yutaka Ishikawa, Toshihiko Okumura, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, and Nobuyuki Morikawa. "Exposure Analysis Using the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0861.

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With the aim of better understanding and more effective utilization of probabilistic seismic hazard maps in Japan, exposure analysis has been carried out by combining hazard maps with population distribution maps. Approximately 80% of the population of Japan is exposed to a relatively high seismic hazard, i.e., a 3% probability of exceeding JMAseismic intensity 6 lower within 30 years. In highly populated areas, specifically in major metropolitan areas, seismic hazard tends to relatively high because of the site amplification effects of holocene deposits. In implementing earthquake disaster mitigation measures, it is important to consider the overlapping effect of seismic hazard and demographic distributions.

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Wang, Zhenming, David T. Butler, Edward W. Woolery, and Lanmin Wang. "Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Tianshui Urban Area, Gansu Province, China." International Journal of Geophysics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/461863.

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A scenario seismic hazard analysis was performed for the city of Tianshui. The scenario hazard analysis utilized the best available geologic and seismological information as well as composite source model (i.e., ground motion simulation) to derive ground motion hazards in terms of acceleration time histories, peak values (e.g., peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity), and response spectra. This study confirms that Tianshui is facing significant seismic hazard, and certain mitigation measures, such as better seismic design for buildings and other structures, should be developed and implemented. This study shows that PGA of 0.3 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity VIII) should be considered for seismic design of general building and PGA of 0.4 g (equivalent to Chinese intensity IX) for seismic design of critical facility in Tianshui.

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Leptokaropoulos, Konstantinos, and Stanisław Lasocki. "SHAPE: A MATLAB Software Package for Time-Dependent Seismic Hazard Analysis." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 3 (April 8, 2020): 1867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190319.

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Abstract Many seismic processes, in particular, those induced by technological activities for exploitation of georesources, are time dependent. The changes in time of the seismicity cause that the related seismic hazard changes in time as well. We present here the Seismic HAzard Parameters Evaluation (SHAPE) tool, which enables an assessment of the temporal changes of the mean return period (MRP) of a seismic event of a given magnitude and the exceedance probability (EP) of a given magnitude within a predefined time period. SHAPE is an open-source software package, written in MATLAB (see Data and Resources), based on the online probabilistic seismic hazard analysis applications available on IS-EPOS platform of thematic core service anthropogenic hazards of European Plate Observing System (EPOS). SHAPE is developed in two standalone versions allowing the user to select a variety of options and parameters to determine the values of EP and MRP, assuming different magnitude distribution models. The first software version (SHAPE_ver1) provides interactive parameter selection and data filtering through a graphical user interface environment, whereas the second wrapper-script-based version (SHAPE_ver2) allows fast implementation and fine-tuning of parameters. The program is particularly useful for anthropogenic seismicity cases, to monitor the changes of seismic response to technological operations, and to control the effectiveness of the undertaken hazard mitigation measures. As an example, two applications of SHAPE in case studies from the northwestern part of The Geysers geothermal field, California, and Song Tranh 2 surface water reservoir, Vietnam, are demonstrated.

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Anderson, J. G. "Precautionary Principle: Application to Seismic Hazard Analysis." Seismological Research Letters 72, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.3.319.

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Bommer, Julian J. "Review of Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 5 (August 11, 2021): 3248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210146.

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Yaghmaei‐Sabegh, Saman, Parva Shoaeifar, and Nasser Shoaeifar. "Probabilistic Seismic‐Hazard Analysis Including Earthquake Clusters." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107, no. 5 (September 25, 2017): 2367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120170031.

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Banyunegoro, V. H., Z. A. Alatas, A. Jihad, Eridawati, and U. Muksin. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Aceh Region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 273 (July 16, 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/273/1/012015.

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Rodríguez-Ochoa, Rafael, Farrokh Nadim, José M. Cepeda, Michael A. Hicks, and Zhongqiang Liu. "Hazard analysis of seismic submarine slope instability." Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards 9, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2015.1051546.

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Abrahamson, Norman A., and Julian J. Bommer. "Probability and Uncertainty in Seismic Hazard Analysis." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 2 (May 2005): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1899158.

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Stirling, Mark W., Steven G. Wesnousky, and Kelvin R. Berryman. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 41, no. 4 (December 1998): 355–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1998.9514816.

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Nabilah, A. B., and T. Balendra. "Seismic Hazard Analysis for Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 7 (May 15, 2012): 1076–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.685208.

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