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Academic literature on the topic 'Seismic Loads'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Seismic Loads"

1

Goyal, Akash, A. N. Shankar, and S. K. Sethy. "Parametric Analysis of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower under Seismic Loads, Wind Loads and Dead Load through Staad. Pro." International Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/engineering-journal-ijoer-aug-2017-6.

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Kim, Taeo, Sang Whan Han, and Soo Ik Cho. "Effect of Wind Loads on Collapse Performance and Seismic Loss for Steel Ordinary Moment Frames." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042011.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of wind loads on the seismic collapse performance and seismic loss for steel ordinary moment frames (OMFs). For this purpose, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 18-story steel OMFs are repeatedly designed for (1) gravity load + seismic load, (2) gravity load + seismic load + wind load (wind speed = 44 m/s), and (3) gravity load + seismic load + wind load (wind speed = 55 m/s). The seismic collapse performance and seismic loss of OMFs are evaluated using the procedures in FEMA P695 (FEMA, 2009) and FEMA P58 (FEMA, 2018), respectively. Steel OMFs designed with consideration of wind loads have larger member sections than corresponding steel OMFs designed without consideration of wind loads as expected. Although member sections are increased when wind loads are considered, the growth in the maximum base shear force and lateral stiffness of OMFs are insignificant. Unlike our expectation, OMFs designed with consideration of wind loads have higher expected annual loss (EAL) than corresponding OMFs designed without consideration of wind loads.

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Ramakrishna, B., G. Swetha, SK Amreen Shazia, K. Kiran Sai, and S. Durga Venkata Dinesh. "Analysis of Multi-Storied Building in Different Seismic Zones using STAAD Pro." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012074.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to analysis of a multi-stored building [G+5] using STAAD Pro by considering different seismic zones. The analysis of a multi-stored building [G+5] initially for all type of loads (Seismic load, Dead load, Live load and Wind load) and possible load combinations are performed as per Indian codes. The seismic analysis is done under different zones which are Zone-II, Zone-III, Zone-IV, Zone-V and also zone factor values are considered as per IS 1893-2002 (Part-1). By considering each zone factor value and loads including self-weight, member weight, floor weight in seismic load, dead load, live load and wind loads the structure may affect. Also observing the Shear force, bending moment and deflection values for the whole building in different Seismic zones by using STAAD Pro. In analysing the whole structure considering all parameters like all loads (live load, dead load, seismic loads wind load) and type of structure, damping ratio, importance factor, response reduction factor, zone factor/different cities under different zones plays major role in building how it reacts to it and by shear force, bending moment, deflection values states that it is safe in particular zones or all the factors must be taken in consideration to imply the building is safe or not.

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MAKINO, MINORU, and TADASHI SEIKE. "ON SEISMIC LOADS AND SEISMIC ZONING FACTORS." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 399 (1989): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijsx.399.0_65.

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Easazadeh Far, Narges, and Majid Barghian. "Safety Identifying of Integral Abutment Bridges under Seismic and Thermal Loads." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/757608.

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Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have many advantages over conventional bridges in terms of strength and maintenance cost. Due to the integrity of these structures uniform thermal and seismic loads are known important ones on the structure performance. Although all bridge design codes consider temperature and earthquake loads separately in their load combinations for conventional bridges, the thermal load is an “always on” load and, during the occurrence of an earthquake, these two important loads act on bridge simultaneously. Evaluating the safety level of IABs under combination of these loads becomes important. In this paper, the safety of IABs—designed by AASHTO LRFD bridge design code—under combination of thermal and seismic loads is studied. To fulfill this aim, first the target reliability indexes under seismic load have been calculated. Then, these analyses for the same bridge under combination of thermal and seismic loads have been repeated and the obtained reliability indexes are compared with target indexes. It is shown that, for an IAB designed by AASHTO LRFD, the indexes have been reduced under combined effects. So, the target level of safety during its design life is not provided and the code’s load combination should be changed.

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Yang, Chun Xia, Qing Qing Liu, Li Juan Sun, and Jian Guo Liang. "Calculating Size Limitations of Non-Load-Bearing Walls under Seismic Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2646.

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Infill walls,etc. non-load-bearing walls are vulnerable to fracture when these are subjected to out-of-plane seismic loads. Studies suggest that the overall dimensions of non-load-bearing walls are the important parameters to affect its out-of-plane mechanical properties, but most of these researches are qualitative researches, do not give specific size limitations. This paper based on codes has calculated out-of-plane loads of non-load-bearing walls, then bearing capacity check formulas have been deduced when non-load-bearing walls are subjected to out-of-plane seismic loads, finally the size limitations used in the height-thickness ratio check and seismic check are obtained.The conclusions fill up gaps in research of non-load-bearing walls ,and provide reference for the design specifications of non-load-bearing walls.

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Apostolopoulos, Charis, Argyro Drakakaki, and Maria Basdeki. "Seismic assessment of RC column under seismic loads." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-02-2018-0013.

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PurposeAs it is widely known, corrosion is a major deterioration factor for structures which are located on coastal areas. Corrosion has a great impact on both the durability and seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures. In the present study, two identical reinforced concrete columns were constructed and mechanical tests were organized to simulate seismic conditions. Prior to the initiation of the mechanical tests, the base of one of the two columns was exposed to predetermined accelerated electrochemical corrosion (at a height of 60 cm from the base). After the completion of the experimental loading procedure, the hysteresis curves – for unilateral and bilateral loadings – of the two samples were presented and analyzed (in terms of strength, displacement and dissipated energy). The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachIn the present study, two identical reinforced concrete columns were constructed and mechanical tests were organized to simulate seismic conditions. The tests were executed under the combination of a constant vertical force with horizontal, gradually increasing, cyclic loads. The implemented displacements, of the free end of the column, ranged from 0.2 to 5 percent. Prior to the initiation of the mechanical tests, the base of one of the two columns was exposed to predetermined accelerated electrochemical corrosion (at a height of 60 cm from the base). After the completion of the experimental loading procedure, the hysteresis curves of the two samples were presented and analyzed (in terms of strength, displacement and dissipated energy).FindingsAnalyzing the results, for both unilateral and bilateral loadings, a significant reduction of the seismic performance of the corroded column was highlighted. The corrosion damage imposed on the reference column resulted in the dramatic decrease of its energy reserves, even though an increase in ductility was recorded. Furthermore, more attention was paid to the consequences of the uneven corrosion damage, recorded on the steel bars examined, on ductility, hysteretic behavior and damping ratio.Originality/valueIn the present paper, the influence of the corrosion effects on the cyclic response of structural elements was presented and analyzed. The simulation of the seismic conditions was achieved by imposing, at the same time, a constant vertical force and horizontal, gradually increasing, cyclic loads. Finally, an evaluation of the performance of a column, under both unilateral and bilateral loadings, took place before and after corrosion.

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Kuznetsova, Inna, Alexander Uzdin, and Oypasha Sabirova. "Load combinations in performance-based designing of earthquake-resisting structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823905009.

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Load combinations for seismic and other loads are considered. To this aim the equiprobable sets of loads with the corresponding probabilities are analyzed. The combination of motor-car and seismic loads is considered in details. The log-normal distribution law was used as a distribution density functions for car load. The distribution of the earthquake event stream was taken according to Poisson's law, which makes it possible to estimate the design seismic intensity. In the frame of this intensity peak ground accelerations were estimated. The dependence of the combination coefficient of the seismic load on the combination coefficient of the motor-road load was obtained. The results obtained show, that combination coefficients in Performance Based Designing should be calculated separately for each input level. For the design earthquake and the maximum design earthquake the combination coefficients vary significantly. The values of the combination coefficients are determined mainly by the frequency of the design actions and to a lesser extent they depend on the seismic activity of the building site.

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Bagio, Toni Hartono, Sofia W. Alisjahbana, Helmy Darjanto, and Najid Najid. "Orthotropic plates with dynamic vertical seismic load modeled as multi line." Engineering Solid Mechanics 11, no. 2 (2023): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.1.002.

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Calculation plate floor concrete, using a static load which is a gravity load consisting of a live load and a dead load, with various of boundary conditions, floor slabs are orthotropic plate, and rarely account for dynamic loads due to vertical seismic loads, with other boundary conditions, such as Clamped, simply supported, ES (Elastic Support), ER (Elastic Restraint), and ESR (Elastic Support and Restraint). Analytical solution based on the Modified Bolotin Method to analyze floor slab under Vertical Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAv), the natural frequency solution based on auxiliary Levy’s type problems. Dynamic vertical seismic loads using multiline, first line at 0 < t < 0.5 is linear equation, second line at 0.05 < t < 0.15 is quadratic equation, third line 0.15 > t < 0.6 is sextic equation, last line, t > 0.6 is linear equation, vertical seismic load with two conditions far fault and near fault, multi-line equation are depending on (PGAv/g). A numerical example is given, for various boundary conditions, and far fault, translational stiffness (kx, ky) and rotational stiffness (cx ,cy), from the results of plate calculations due to dynamic vertical seismic loads with 5 types of edge support, ES (elastic support) is the best result.

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Vostrov, V. K. "Specific and Emergency Seismic Loads." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 1 (January 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2018-1-14-21.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seismic Loads"

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Jaafar, Kamal Rachid. "Spiral shear reinforcement for concrete structures under static and seismic loads." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616166.

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Abbasiverki, Roghayeh. "Analysis of underground concrete pipelines subjected to seismic high-frequency loads." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194076.

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Buried pipelines are tubular structures that are used for transportation of important liquid materials and gas in order to provide safety for human life. During an earthquake, imposed loads from soil deformations on concrete pipelines may cause severe damages, possibly causing disturbance in vital systems, such as cooling of nuclear power facilities. The high level of safety has caused a demand for reliable seismic analyses, also for structures built in the regions that have not traditionally been considered as highly seismically active. The focus in this study is on areas with seismic and geological conditions corresponding to those in Sweden and Northern Europe. Earthquakes in Sweden for regions with hard rock dominated by high-frequency ground vibrations, Propagation of such high-frequency waves through the rock mass and soil medium affect underground structures such as pipelines. The aim of this project is investigating parameters that affect response of buried pipelines due to high-frequency seismic excitations. The main focus of the study is on reinforced concrete pipelines. Steel pipelines are also studied for comparison purposes. The effects of water mass, burial depth, soil layer thickness and non-uniform ground thickness caused by inclined bedrock are studied. The results are compared to those obtained for low-frequency earthquakes and the relationship between strong ground motion parameters and pipelines response is investigated. It is shown that, especially for high frequency earthquake excitations, non-uniform ground thickness due to inclined bedrock significantly increase stresses in the pipelines. For the conditions studied, it is clear that high-frequency seismic excitation is less likely to cause damage to buried concrete pipelines. However, the main conclusion is that seismic analysis is motivated also for pipelines in high-frequency earthquake areas since local variation in the ground conditions can have a significant effect on the safety.
Nedgrävda rörledningar (pipelines) är rörformiga strukturer som används för transport av viktiga flytande material och gas för att säkerhetsställa samhälleliga funktioner. Denna typ av infrastruktursystem korsar stora områden med olika geologiska förhållanden. Under en jordbävning kan markdeformationer påverka rörledningar av betong vilka kan få allvarliga skador som i sin tur kan leda till störningar i vitala system, såsom till exempel kylning av kärnkraftsanläggningar. Den höga säkerhetsnivå som eftersträvas ger upphov till ett behov av tillförlitliga seismiska analyser, även för strukturer som byggs i regioner som traditionellt inte har ansetts som seismiskt aktiva. Fokus i denna licentiatuppsats ligger på områden med seismiska och geologiska villkor som motsvarar de i Sverige och norra Europa. Jordbävningar i Sverige klassas som händelser inom en tektonisk platta som för regioner med hårt berg kan resultera i jordbävningar som domineras av högfrekventa markvibrationer. Sådana högfrekventa vågor propagerar genom bergmassa och jordmaterial och kan där påverka underjordiska strukturer såsom rörledningar. Syftet med detta projekt är att undersöka vilka parametrar som har stor påverkan på nedgrävda rörledningar som utsätts för högfrekventa seismiska vibrationer. Tyngdpunkten i studien är på rörledningar av armerad betong men stålledningar studeras också i jämförande syfte. Två-dimensionella finita elementmodeller används, utvecklade för dynamisk analys av rörledningar belastas av seismiska vågor som propagerar från berggrunden genom jorden. Modellerna beskriver båda längsgående och tvärgående snitt av rörledningar. Samspelet mellan rörledningar och omgivande jord beskrivs av en icke-linjär modell. De studerade rörledningarna antas vara omgivna av friktionsjord med stor, medel eller liten styvhet. Effekterna av vattenmassa i rören, grundläggningsdjup, jordlagrens tjocklek och varierande jordtjocklek på grund av lutande berggrund studeras. Det visas hur två-dimensionella modellerbaserade på plan töjning kan användas för seismisk analys av rörledningar med cirkulära tvärsnitt. Resultaten jämförs med de som erhållits för lågfrekventa jordbävningar och förhållandet mellan markrörelseparametrar och responsen hos rörledningar undersöks. Det visas att den naturliga frekvensen för modellerna beror av jordtyp, tjocklek och variation hos jordlagret. Det visas att, särskilt för högfrekventa jordbävningar, olikformigt varierande markdjup på grund av lutande berggrund avsevärt ökar spänningarna i rörledningarna. För de förhållanden som studerats är det klart att det är mindre sannolikt att högfrekvent seismisk belastning ska orsaka skador på nedgrävda rörledningar av betong. Dock är den viktigaste slutsatsen att seismisk analys ändå motiveras, även för rörledningar i områden där jordbävningar med högt frekvensinnehåll förekommer eftersom lokala variationer i markförhållanden kan ha en betydande inverkan på säkerheten.

QC 20161014

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Kim, Hongjin. "WAVELET-BASED ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF STRUCTURES UNDER SEISMIC AND WIND LOADS." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039128747.

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Huaco, G., G. Huaco, and J. Jirsa. "Mechanical Splices for Seismic Retrofitting of Concrete Structures." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651837.

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As an alternative to lap splicing, mechanical splices can be used for retrofit purposes. They are generally most economical than traditional lap splices when available spacing or length makes laps difficult to utilize. Mechanical splices are frequently used in new construction. However, their use is limited and not practical for use in retrofitted structures. However, if the bars to be joined do not need to be threaded in order to be connected with a special mechanical splice, such mechanical splices can be useful. It is presented a proposal of using two types of mechanical splices for retrofit purposes. Cycle Tension and cycle tension-compression tests are presented and discussed. It was found that mechanical splices are suitable and have acceptable response under seismic loads.

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Hite, Monique C. "Evaluation of the Performance of Bridge Steel Pedestals under Low Seismic Loads." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14485.

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Many bridges are damaged by collisions from over-height vehicles resulting in significant impact to the transportation network. To reduce the likelihood of impact from over-height vehicles, steel pedestals have been used as a cost-effective, efficient means to increase bridge clearance heights. However, these steel pedestals installed on more than 50 bridges in Georgia have been designed with no consideration of seismic loads and may behave in a similar fashion to high-type steel bearings. Past earthquakes have revealed the susceptibility of high-type bearings to damage, resulting in the collapse of several bridges. Although Georgia is located in a low-to-moderate region of seismicity, earthquake design loads for steel pedestals should not be ignored. In this study, the potential vulnerabilities of steel pedestals having limited strength and deformation capacity and lack of adequate connection details for anchor bolts is assessed experimentally and analytically. Full-scale reversed cyclic quasi-static experimental tests are conducted on a 40' bridge specimen rehabilitated with 19" and 33" steel pedestals to determine the modes of deformation and mechanisms that can lead to modes of failure. The inelastic force-deformation hysteretic behavior of the steel pedestals obtained from experimental test results is used to calibrate an analytical bridge model developed in OpenSees. The analytical bridge model is idealized based on a multi-span continuous bridge in Georgia that has been rehabilitated with steel pedestals. The analytical bridge model is subjected to a suite of ground motions to evaluate the performance of the steel pedestals and the overall bridge system. Recommendations are made to the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) for the design and construction of steel pedestals. The results of this research are useful for Georgia and other states in low-to-moderate seismic zones considering the use of steel pedestals to elevate bridges and therefore reduce the likelihood of over-height vehicle collisions.

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Erhan, Semih. "Effect Of Vehicular And Seismic Loads On The Performance Of Integral Bridges." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613739/index.pdf.

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Integral bridges (IBs) are defined as a class of rigid frame bridges with a single row of piles at the abutments cast monolithically with the superstructure. In the last decade, IBs have become very popular in North America and Europe as they provide many economical and functional advantages. However, standard design methods for IBs have not been established yet. Therefore, most bridge engineers depend on the knowledge acquired from performance of previously constructed IBs and the design codes developed for conventional jointed bridges to design these types of bridges. This include the live load distribution factors used to account for the effect of truck loads on bridge components in the design as well as issues related to the seismic design of such bridges. Accordingly in this study issues related to live load effects as well as seismic effects on IB components are addressed in two separate parts. In the first part of this study, live load distribution formulae for IB components are developed and verified. For this purpose, numerous there dimensional and corresponding two dimensional finite element models (FEMs) of IBs are built and analyzed under live load. The results from the analyses of two and three dimensional FEMs are then used to calculate the live load distribution factors (LLDFs) for the components of IBs (girders, abutments and piles) as a function of some substructure, superstructure and soil properties. Then, live load distribution formulae for the determination of LLDFs are developed to estimate to the live load moments and shears in the girders, abutments and piles of IBs. It is observed that the developed formulae yield a reasonably good estimate of live load effects in IB girders, abutments and piles. In the second part of this study, seismic performance of IBs in comparison to that of conventional bridges is studied. In addition, the effect of several structural and geotechnical parameters on the performance of IBs is assessed. For this purpose, three existing IBs and conventional bridges with similar properties are considered. FEMs of these IBs are built to perform nonlinear time history analyses of these bridges. The analyses results revealed that IBs have a better overall seismic performance compared to that of conventional bridges. Moreover, IBs with thick, stub abutments supported by steel H piles oriented to bend about their strong axis driven in loose to medium dense sand are observed to have better seismic performance. The level of backfill compaction is found to have no influence on the seismic performance of IBs.

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Saldivar-Moguel, Emilio Enrique. "Investigation into the behaviour of displacement piles under cyclic and seismic loads." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7589.

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Dechka, David Charles. "Response of shear-stud-reinforced continuous slab-column frames to seismic loads." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq64854.pdf.

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Rydell, Cecilia. "Seismic high-frequency content loads on structures and components within nuclear facilities." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145403.

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Sweden is generally considered to be a low seismicity area, but for structures within nuclear power facilities, the safety level demand with respect to seismic events are high and thus, these structures are required to be earthquake-resistant. The seismic hazard is here primarily considered to be associated with near-field earthquakes. The nuclear power plants are further founded on hard rock and the expected ground motions are dominated by high frequencies. The design earthquake considered for the nuclear facilities has an annual probability of 10-5 events, that is, the probability of occurrence is once per 100 000 years. The focus of the study is the seismic response of large concrete structures for the nuclear power industry, with regard not only to the structure itself but also to non-structural components attached to the primary structure, and with emphasis on Swedish conditions. The aim of this licentiate thesis is to summarize and demonstrate some important aspects when the seismic load is dominated by high frequencies. Additionally, an overview of laws, regulations, codes, standards, and guidelines important for seismic analysis and design of nuclear power structures is provided. The thesis includes two case studies investigating the effect of seismic high-frequency content loads. The first study investigates the influence of gaps in the piping supports on the response of a steel piping system subjected to a seismic load dominated by high amplitudes at high frequencies. The gaps are found in the joints of the strut supports or are gaps between the rigid box supports and the pipe. The piping system is assessed to be susceptible to high-frequency loads and is located within the reactor containment building of a nuclear power plant. The stress response of the pipe and the acceleration response of the valves are evaluated. The second study investigates the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on the response of an elevated rectangular water-containing concrete pool subjected to a seismic load with dominating low and high frequencies, respectively. The pool is located within the reactor containment building of a boiling water reactor at a nuclear power plant. The hydrodynamic pressure distribution is evaluated together with the stress distribution in the walls of the tank. From the two case studies, it is evident that the response due to a seismic load dominated by high frequencies and low frequencies, respectively, is different. Although the seismic high-frequency load may be considered non-damaging for the structure, the effect may not be negligible for non-structural components attached to the primary structure. Including geometrical non-linear effects such as gaps may however reduce the response. It was shown that the stress response for most of the pipe elements in the first case study was reduced due to the gaps. It may also be that the inclusion of fluid-structure interaction effects changes the dynamic properties of a structural system so that it responds significantly in the high frequency range, thus making it more vulnerable to seismic loads dominated by high frequencies. In the second case study, it was shown that even for a seismic load with small amplitudes and short duration, but with dominating high-frequency content, as the Swedish 10-5 design earthquake, the increase of the dynamic response as fluid-structure interaction is accounted for is significant.

QC 20150519

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Bouchard, Keith M. (Keith Michael). "A performance-based approach to retrofitting unreinforced masonry structures for seismic loads." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38944.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-59).
The structural inadequacy of existing unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings to resist possible seismic loading is a serious problem in many parts of the United States, including the Northeast and Midwest. The fact that many of these buildings are deemed historic structures or house critical facilities, like firehouses, emphasizes the need for an effective retrofitting program. The Federal Emergency Management Agency published a performance-based design code - FEMA 356 - in 2000 to use for analyzing and retrofitting existing structures. This code includes procedures for URM buildings. This paper applies these performance-based analysis procedures to a URM shear wall and compares the results to a modified analysis proposed by researchers. The wall is then rehabilitated using two common retrofit methods and again analyzed using the code. Recommendations are made for practicing engineers when evaluating URM structures for seismic loads.
by Keith M. Bouchard.
M.Eng.

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Books on the topic "Seismic Loads"

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Lyatkher, Victor M. Seismic Loads. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118946282.

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Li︠a︡tkher, V. M. Seismic loads. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

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Seismic loads: Guide to the seismic load provisions of ASCE 7-10. Reston, Virginia: ASCE Press, 2015.

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American Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Seismic loads: Guide to the seismic load provisions of ASCE 7-05. Reston, Va: ASCE Press, 2010.

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Cheng, Franklin Y. Structural optimization: Dynamic and seismic applications. New York: Spon Press, 2010.

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Cheng, Franklin Y. Structural optimization: Dynamic and seismic applications. New York: Spon Press, 2010.

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W, Klamerus E., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., Sandia National Laboratories, and EQE Engineering Consultants, eds. Assessment of the impact of degraded shear wall stiffnesses on seismic plant risk and seismic design loads. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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Crawley, Stanley W. Seismic and wind loads in architectural design: An architect's study guide. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Institute of Architects, 1990.

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Crawley, Stanley W. The architect's study guide to seismic and lateral loads in architectural design. Washington, D.C. (1735 New York Ave., N.W., Washington 20006): American Institute of Architects, 1987.

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Apostolidi, Eftychia, Stephanos Dritsos, Christos Giarlelis, José Jara, Fatih Sutcu, Toru Takeuchi, and Joe White. Seismic Isolation and Response Control. Edited by Andreas Lampropoulos. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed019.

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<p>The seismic resilience of new and existing structures is a key priority for the protection of human lives and the reduction of economic losses in earthquake prone areas. The modern seismic codes have focused on the upgrade of the structural performance of the new and existing structures. However, in many cases it is preferrable to mitigate the effects of the earthquakes by reducing the induced loads in the structures using seismic isolation and response control devices. The limited expertise in the selection and design of the appropriate system for new and existing structures is the main challenge for an extensive use of seismic isolation and response control systems in practice.</p> <p>This document aims to provide a practical guide by presenting a collection of the most commonly used seismic isolation and response control systems and a critical evaluation of the main characteristics of these systems. Comparisons of the key parameters of the design processes for new buildings with seismic isolation are presented, while the application of seismic isolation systems and response control systems for the retrofitting of existing structures is also examined, followed by various case studies from Greece, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and Turkey.</p>

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Book chapters on the topic "Seismic Loads"

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Charney, Finley A. "Interpolation Functions." In Seismic Loads, 201–3. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.apa.

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Charney, Finley A. "Using the USGS Seismic Hazards Mapping Utility." In Seismic Loads, 205–9. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.apb.

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Charney, Finley A. "Using the PEER NGA Ground Motion Database." In Seismic Loads, 211–14. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.apc.

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Charney, Finley A. "Risk Category." In Seismic Loads, 1–6. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch01.

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Charney, Finley A. "Importance Factor and Seismic Design Category." In Seismic Loads, 7–10. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch02.

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Charney, Finley A. "Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design." In Seismic Loads, 11–17. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch03.

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Charney, Finley A. "Determining Ground Motion Parameters." In Seismic Loads, 19–23. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch04.

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Charney, Finley A. "Developing an Elastic Response Spectrum." In Seismic Loads, 25–27. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch05.

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Charney, Finley A. "Ground Motion Scaling for Response History Analysis." In Seismic Loads, 29–36. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch06.

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Charney, Finley A. "Selection of Structural Systems." In Seismic Loads, 37–43. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413524.ch07.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seismic Loads"

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Puri, Vijay K., and Shamsher Prakash. "Foundations for Seismic Loads." In Geo-Denver 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40904(223)11.

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Chang, Nien-Yin, Zeh-Zon Lee, and Trever Wang. "Hybrid T Walls under Seismic Loads." In GeoTrans 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)210.

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Tiong, Timothy. "Transitioning to Seismic Design." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0419.

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<p>Malaysia is currently in the process of transitioning from non-seismic to seismic design. Existing Malaysian building codes do not require seismic loads to be considered. However, with recent seismic activity in Malaysia and nearby region, Malaysia is spurred into action to consider seismic loads. Seismic design brings with it unique considerations and challenges. This paper will examine the effects of seismic activity on structures and how they can be considered in design. Discussed in this paper are the considerations required for structures complying with Malaysian National Annex (MS EN 1998-1) which includes the response spectrum, modal analysis, modal combination, accidental eccentricity, load combinations and seismic design. Computer methods using the Esteem Structural Software will be presented.</p>

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Fragiadakis, M., and S. Christodoulou. "RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PIPE NETWORKS UNDER SEISMIC LOADS." In 4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120113.4544.c1700.

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Perillo, G., and M. Rizzone. "Evaluation of seismic loads on elevated storage tanks." In SUSI 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/su120291.

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"GFRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Seismic Loads." In SP-326: Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018). American Concrete Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51711039.

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Sonawane, Mahesh, Rohit Vaidya, and Hunter Haeberle. "Structural Analysis of Rigid High-Pressure Risers for Seismic Loads." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31299-ms.

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Abstract Typically, the design of all offshore risers focuses on environmental loads i.e. wave loading, wind loads and currents. While these loads are ubiquitous in an offshore environment, accidental loading in the form earthquake induced seismic loads is an important criterion in the design of offshore structures. API RP 2A recommends site-speciﬁc studies as a basis for developing the ground motion speciﬁcation of the design criteria, particularly for sites in areas of high seismicity (Zones 3–5). Seismic loads are low probability events in most cases and there isn't enough data in the initial pre-FEED / FEED phase of project to conduct seismic studies on the riser systems. Designers have to rely on past experience, code guidance, and assumptions for design data. In this paper through the means of two (2) case studies for a region prone with high seismic activities, we will demonstrate the challenges of designing rigid High-Pressure Riser Systems for seismic loads. A comparison will be provided for assumed loads based on code guidance and loads derived from preliminary seismic studies. In addition, comparisons will be provided for the final design loads achieved after the detailed platform design. The results will show the risks of relying solely on one source of data in the design process that can imperil the fabrication / procurement process with redesign due to unforeseen loads. Design optimization through proper centralization and other mitigation strategies will be presented for the benefits of future concrete based fixed platform projects.

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Kai, Satoru, and Akihito Otani. "Effect of Static Load Components in Seismic Loading on Gross Plastic Deformation on Structure." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84415.

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In general, a seismic load acting on a structure is considered to potentially cause unstable gross plastic deformation that is called as plastic collapse, because the seismic load induce an inertia force on the structure which may act as an external force onto the structure. The past researches by the authors to clarify the characteristic of seismic loads found that the way of the seismic response on the structure is driven by the correlation between the seismic loading and the natural frequency of the structure while only the dynamic loads are acting. On the other hand, existence of relatively large sustained loads such as a dead weight was also recognized to promote an unstable gross plastic deformation in the past experimental studies. Based on the previous studies, two factors that are the sustained load level and the correlation other than the dynamic load level are expected to play an important role in determining the dynamic behavior of a structure and potentially governing the failure mode. The several elastic-plastic analyses with an elastic-perfect-plastic (EPP) material property and a simplified structure were conducted in this paper by slightly changing the level of the sustained loads and the dynamic loads. From the analytical results focusing on the ratchet deformations and residual deformations, the level of the sustained load on the structure was found to promote ratcheting behavior on the structure with a specific trend and significantly affect the dynamic behavior at the conceptual conditions which were defined and identified in the past researches.

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Li, Minghao, and Frank Lam. "Modelling Post-and-Beam Wooden Buildings under Seismic Loads." In 18th Analysis and Computation Specialty Conference at Structures Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41000(315)37.

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Pardalopoulos, Stylianos, and Stavroula Pantazopoulou. "VULNERABILITY OF TORSIONALLY SENSITIVE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS UNDER SEISMIC LOADS." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3507.1579.

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Reports on the topic "Seismic Loads"

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Giller, R. A. Structural evaluation of the 2736Z Building for seismic loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103154.

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Klamerus, E. W., M. P. Bohn, J. J. Johnson, A. P. Asfura, and D. J. Doyle. Assessment of the impact of degraded shear wall stiffnesses on seismic plant risk and seismic design loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134778.

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Bardet, Philippe, and Guillaume Ricciardi. Validation Data and Model Development for Fuel Assembly Response to Seismic Loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1239276.

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SWENSON, C. E. Multi Canister Overpack (MCO) Handling Machine Trolley Seismic Uplift Constraint Design Loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801892.

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MACKEY TC, DEIBLER JE, RINKER MW, JOHNSON KI, ABATT FG, KARRI NK, PILLI SP, and STOOPS KL. HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL TANK THERMAL AND SEISMIC PROJECT SUMMARY OF COMBINED THERMAL AND OPERATING LOADS WITH SEISMIC ANALYSIS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/946829.

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MACKEY, T. C. HANFORD DOUBLE SHELL TANK (DST) THERMAL & SEISMIC PROJECT SUMMARY OF COMBINED THERMAL & OPERATING LOADS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878179.

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Marshall, Richard D., and Felix Y. Yokel. Recommended performance-based criteria for the design of manufactured home foundation systems to resist wind and seismic loads. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5664.

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Panek and Young. PR-312-12208-R02 Limitations and Costs Associated with Raising Existing RICE Stack Heights. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010556.

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Modeling of actual and hypothetical compressor station facilities concluded increasing reciprocating engine stack height as one potential mitigation measure to reduce modeled impacts below the primary 1-hour NO2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Increasing stack heights to between 50-75 feet appears to offer considerable relief based on typical facility configurations (e.g., compressor house height, stack parameters). This white paper discusses potential stack design criteria to be considered when increasing existing exhaust stack heights or planning considerations for new units. To assist in gathering information on practical concerns and issues associated with raising existing compressor driver stacks, a questionnaire was developed and provided to operations and engineering staff, OEMs, and members to provide insight into physical constraints, engineering considerations, and costs to be considered and evaluated in developing this report. This white paper summarizes stack height limitations for reciprocating engines based on operating (e.g., back pressure, effective stack heights) and physical (e.g., guy-wire and structural requirements) constraints. Where available, cost implications are also provided. Criteria addressed include: Good Engineering Practice (GEP) for stack heights, engine back pressure limitations, structural integrity of the exhaust system, wind and seismic loads on the exhaust stack, and other specifications for structural designs. Proper stack design should address local environmental regulations, local building codes (e.g., height requirements, wind and seismic loads), structural integrity, base configuration, and lateral support.

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Randell. L51857 Evaluation of Digital Image Acquisition and Processing Technologies for Ground Movement Monitoring. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011244.

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Ground movement may occur due to landslides, seismic activity, adjacent earth works, thaw settlement of permafrost, frost heave, or a variety of other causes. When soil moves relative to a pipeline, loads are imposed on the pipeline that will tend to stress it. Portions of the pipeline are anchored or loaded by the moving soil mass, while adjacent portions are anchored in the intact soil and tend to restrain the pipeline. These soil movements and restraints set up stresses within the pipeline that, depending upon the magnitude of the stresses and the nature of the pipeline, may cause damage or failure of the line. The objectives of this project were to evaluate and, where appropriate, enhance the ability of satellite-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and airborne laser range-finding to delineate and monitor slope movements along pipeline right-of-ways. Particular emphasis was placed on operational issues, and especially the problems associated with applying these technologies in areas where natural vegetation precludes a straightforward analysis.

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Chauhan, Vinod. L52307 Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe Under Secondary Biaxial Loading. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010175.

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Corrosion metal-loss is one of the major damage mechanisms to transmission pipelines worldwide. Several methods have been developed for assessment of corrosion defects, such as ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC. These methods were derived based on experimental tests and theoretical/numerical studies of the failure behavior of corroded pipelines subjected only to internal pressure loading. In the vast majority of cases, internal pressure loading will be the main loading mechanism on the pipeline. However, there may be instances when pipelines could also be subjected to significant loading from the environment. For onshore pipelines, these additional loads could be as a result of ground movement due to landslides, mining subsidence, or even seismic activity. In the case of offshore pipelines the formation of free spans may impose significant bending loads. For instance, seabed scour can lead to the development and growth of free spans of pipelines resting on the seabed, particularly if they are not trenched. Whilst, the guidance detailed in standard assessment methods will be sufficient in the majority of cases, it may be inappropriate or non-conservative to use it in cases when the pipeline may also be subjected to significant external loading. As a result, this work focus on : The remaining strength of corroded pipelines subject to internal pressure and external loading cannot be explicitly assessed using the ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC assessment methods. However, these assessment methods have been validated using pipe with real corrosion and simulated (machined) defects welded to dome ends to form a pressure vessel and subsequently failed under internal pressure loading. Consequently, existing methods include some inherent biaxial loading and the remaining strength of corroded pipelines can be assessed with a limited amount of external loading. Ground movement due to landslides can impose significant external loading to transmission pipelines. Stresses in pipelines due to landslides can be greater than the stresses due to internal pressure loading. Methods developed by the nuclear industry for assessing corroded pipework are given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 and based on ASME B31G when the axial extent of wall thinning is limited. For more extensive corrosion, the assessment methods are based on branch reinforcement and local membrane stress limits. Strictly the methods given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 are only applicable to the assessment of piping systems designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III. Failure loci of pipelines with isolated corrosion defects and subjected to combined loads have been derived for common pipeline geometries and materials. The failure loci have been validated using tests performed on 457.2mm (18-inch) and 1219.2mm (48-inch) diameter pipe under combined bending/pressure loading. These failure loci can be used to assess the limit of acceptability of existing assessment methods such as ASME B31G and RSTRENG under combined loading conditions.

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