Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method"

1

Carrion, Philip M., and Douglas J. Foster. "Inversion of seismic data using precritical reflection and refraction data." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 5 (May 1985): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441950.

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We present a two‐step inversion procedure to extract subsurface velocity estimates from large‐offset seismic data. The first step is the automatic iterative large‐offset inverse method (AILOIM) which we test in the presence of strong water‐bottom multiples. Since this method is based on finding the locus of critically reflected points, low‐velocity zones cannot be resolved and the reconstruction is only an average estimate. In the presence of low‐velocity zones, the second step of the inversion process is required. This second step is a generalized least‐squares inverse scheme applied to the precritical reflections. We computed the inverse solution using a perturbation technique and determined the reference model from an estimate of the average velocity given by the first step. Two major features of this inversion method are: amplitudes of reflection arrivals are incorporated into analysis, and accurate results can be achieved without human interaction (picking the traveltime curves). Numerical examples using synthetic and field data demonstrate the accuracy of our inversion procedure.
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Hunter, J. A., and S. E. Pullan. "A vertical array method for shallow seismic refraction surveying of the sea floor." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 1 (January 1990): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442775.

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In recent years, specific requirements of offshore geotechnical site investigations, as well as detailed defense research studies, have stimulated research interest in methods for measuring seismic velocities of sea‐floor sediments on the continental shelves. Investigations have used wide‐angie subbottom reflection measurements (McKay and McKay, 1982), bottom‐laid refraction cables (Hunter et al., 1979), and towed refraction arrays, both on the surface (Hunter and Hobson, 1974) and at depth (Fortin et al., 1987; Fagot, 1983).
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Tryggvason, Ari, Cedric Schmelzbach, and Christopher Juhlin. "Traveltime tomographic inversion with simultaneous static corrections — Well worth the effort." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (November 2009): WCB25—WCB33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3240931.

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We have developed a first-arrival traveltime inversion scheme that jointly solves for seismic velocities and source and receiver static-time terms. The static-time terms are included to compensate for varying time delays introduced by the near-surface low-velocity layer that is too thin to be resolved by tomography. Results on a real data set consisting of picked first-arrival times from a seismic-reflection 2D/3D experiment in a crystalline environment show that the tomography static-time terms are very similar in values and distribution to refraction-static corrections computed using standard refraction-statics software. When applied to 3D seismic-reflection data, tomography static-time terms produce similar or more coherent seismic-reflection images compared to the images using corrections from standard refraction-static software. Furthermore, the method provides a much more detailed model of the near-surface bedrock velocity than standard software when the static-time terms are included in the inversion. Low-velocity zones in this model correlate with other geologic and geophysical data, suggesting that our method results in a reliable model. In addition to generally being required in seismic-reflection imaging, static corrections are also necessary in traveltime tomography to obtain high-fidelity velocity images of the subsurface.
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Kanasewich, E. R., Z. Hajnal, A. G. Green, G. L. Cumming, R. F. Mereu, R. M. Clowes, P. Morel-a-l'Huissier, et al. "Seismic studies of the crust under the Williston Basin." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-205.

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The seismic refraction method was used in 1981 to study the crust under the northern half of the Williston Basin, in Saskatchewan. A new method of spatial seismic recording, based on a triangular arrangement of receivers, was used for the first time to obtain three-dimensional structure and velocity information. The broadside seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection data obtained by the technique were of particular value in defining several faulted blocks. These blocks are also characterized by aeromagnetic anomalies trending in a northerly direction. The crustal thickness in the southern part of the western provinces shows large variation ranging from 35 to 50 km. Much of the area is also notable for the presence of one or more low-velocity layers and a high-velocity lower crust. There is good evidence for significant lateral heterogeneity, and detailed deep seismic reflection and refraction studies would likely yield information on dips and strikes of beds and faults around the basin as well as define the properties of the various terranes of the Hudsonian mobile belt.
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Huang, Huaiyong, Carl Spencer, and Alan Green. "A method for the inversion of refraction and reflection travel times for laterally varying velocity structures." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760030837.

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Abstract In an attempt to speed up the lengthy process of modeling seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data, a two-dimensional ray tracing routine is used as the basis for an automated travel-time inversion scheme. Laterally varying P-wave velocity structures are represented by arbitrary-shaped blocks of constant velocity gradient. Velocities, gradients, and boundary points of the blocks are parameters in the inversion scheme, and the input data are refraction and reflection travel-time arrivals from both directions of a reversed seismic line. Damped least-squares techniques are used to solve the equations of condition, and inversions are allowed to proceed automatically for several iterations. A synthetic example is presented, and the data from two reversed seismic refraction profiles recorded recently in eastern Canada are inverted to demonstrate the utility of the method under less than ideal conditions. The synthetic test demonstrates that several iterations of the procedure are necessary for accurate recovery of input models and provides a resolving power analysis of the problem, while the real data example produces models comparable to those obtained by experienced interpreters using trial and error methods.
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Mitchell, James F., and Richard J. Bolander. "Structural interpretation using refraction velocities from marine seismic surveys." GEOPHYSICS 51, no. 1 (January 1986): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442026.

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Subsurface structure can be mapped using refraction information from marine multichannel seismic data. The method uses velocities and thicknesses of shallow sedimentary rock layers computed from refraction first arrivals recorded along the streamer. A two‐step exploration scheme is described which can be set up on a personal computer and used routinely in any office. It is straightforward and requires only a basic understanding of refraction principles. Two case histories from offshore Peru exploration demonstrate the scheme. The basic scheme is: step (1) shallow sedimentary rock velocities are computed and mapped over an area. Step (2) structure is interpreted from the contoured velocity patterns. Structural highs, for instance, exhibit relatively high velocities, “retained” by buried, compacted, sedimentary rocks that are uplifted to the near‐surface. This method requires that subsurface structure be relatively shallow because the refracted waves probe to depths of one hundred to over one thousand meters, depending upon the seismic energy source, streamer length, and the subsurface velocity distribution. With this one requirement met, we used the refraction method over a wide range of sedimentary rock velocities, water depths, and seismic survey types. The method is particularly valuable because it works well in areas with poor seismic reflection data.
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Mereu, R. F. "The complexity of the crust and Moho under the southeastern Superior and Grenville provinces of the Canadian Shield from seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection data." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 2-3 (April 2, 2000): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-122.

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The major features of the individual velocity models, Poisson's ratio values, and crustal complexity derived from the interpretation of seismic data sets from four long-range seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection experiments are summarized. The experiments were conducted from 1982-92 in the southeastern portion of the Canadian Shield. In the conventional analysis of seismic refraction - wide-angle reflection data, only the onset times and amplitudes of the major arrival phases are used to derive seismic velocity models of the region under study. These models are over smoothed, have a number of intermediate discontinuities, are unable to explain the Pg coda, and bear very little resemblance to the models derived from the analysis of near-vertical seismic reflection data. In this paper some of the differences between seismic models derived from near-vertical reflection analysis and those from refraction analysis are reconciled from an analysis of the wide-angle reflection fields of the crustal coda waves that follow the first arrivals. This was done using a migration technique that to a first approximation maps the amplitudes of the record sections into a two-dimensional (2-D) complexity section. These new sections show significant lateral variations in crustal and Moho reflectivity and may be used to complement the 2-D velocity anomaly sections and near-vertical reflection sections. The method was based on a numerical study that showed that the coda can be explained with a class of complex heterogeneous models in which sets of small-scale, high-contrast sloping seismic reflectors are "embedded" in a uniform seismic velocity gradient field.
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René, R. M., J. L. Fitter, D. J. Murray, and J. K. Walters. "Reflection and refraction seismic studies in the Great Salt Lake Desert, Utah." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 4 (April 1988): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442475.

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Seismic refraction and CDP reflection profiles were acquired across mud flats of the Great Salt Lake Desert, Utah, during the summer of 1983. a combination of weight drops, horizontal hammers, buried explosives, and explosives detonated in air (Poulter method) was used. A 6.4 km refraction and single‐fold reflection profile indicates the presence of a shallow depression (Donner Reed basin) eastb of Donner Reed pass in the Silver Island Mountains. A basin floor ramp of Paleozoic rocks dipping approximately 30 degrees east into the Crater Island graben is interpreted beneath a 4.6 km 12-fold CDP reflection profile obtained by the Poulter method. This ramp extends beneath at least 0.8 km of condolidated Neogene sediments and 0.8 km of younger (largely unconsolidated) sediments. Weight‐drop and horizontal‐hammer profiles for the critical refraction along the Silurian Laketown dolomite yield P-wave and S-wave velocity estimates of 5270 ± 100 and [Formula: see text], respectively. The mud flats, with their laterally uniform finegrained sediments and shallow water table, provided excellent coupling of seismic energy. Air shots of 4.1 to 5.4 kg explosives without a source array gave good penetration to a depth of about 1.6 km. Partial migration before stack facilitated estimation of moveout velocities in the case of layers onlapping against a basin floor ramp, even though the maximum dips were only about 30 degrees. Gravity modeling and seismic ray tracing through intervals of constant velocity bounded by polynomial interfaces aided synergetic interpretation of the reflection, refraction, and gravity data.
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Liu, Chuanhai, and Joann M. Stock. "Quantitative determination of uncertainties in seismic refraction prospecting." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 4 (April 1993): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443438.

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We present a model of the propagation of refracted seismic waves in planar (horizontal or dipping) layered structures in which we quantify the errors from various sources. The model, called the (mixed) variance component model, separates the errors originating on the surface from those due to inhomogeneities of subsurface layers. The model starts with the assumption of homogeneous (constant‐velocity) layers, but by taking the principal errors into account, variations from this model (including degree of velocity inhomogeneity, vertical velocity gradients, and gradational interfaces) can be identified. A complete solution to the variance component model by Bayesian methods relies on the Gibbs sampler, a recently well‐developed statistical technique. Using the Gibbs sampler and Monte Carlo methods, we can estimate the posterior distributions of any parameter of interest. Thus, in addition to estimating the various errors, we can obtain the velocity‐versus‐depth curve with its confidence intervals at any relevant point along the line. We analyze data from a crustal‐scale refraction line to illustrate both features of this method. The results indicate that the conventional linear regression model for the first arrivals is inappropriate for this data set. As might be expected, geophone spacing strongly affects our ability to resolve the heterogeneities. Differences in the amount of velocity heterogeneity in different layers can be resolved, and may be useful for lithologic characterization. For this crustal‐scale problem, a velocity profile derived from this method is an improvement over simple linear interpretations, but it could be further refined by more comprehensive methods attempting to match later arrivals and wave amplitudes as well as first arrivals. The method could also be applied to smaller‐scale refraction problems, such as determination of refraction statics, or constraints on the degree of probable lateral variations in velocity of shallow layers, for improved processing of reflection data.
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Shen, Yang, and Jie Zhang. "Refraction wavefield migration." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (October 22, 2020): Q27—Q37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0141.1.

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Refraction methods are often applied to model and image near-surface velocity structures. However, near-surface imaging is very challenging, and no single method can resolve all of the land seismic problems across the world. In addition, deep interfaces are difficult to image from land reflection data due to the associated low signal-to-noise ratio. Following previous research, we have developed a refraction wavefield migration method for imaging shallow and deep interfaces via interferometry. Our method includes two steps: converting refractions into virtual reflection gathers and then applying a prestack depth migration method to produce interface images from the virtual reflection gathers. With a regular recording offset of approximately 3 km, this approach produces an image of a shallow interface within the top 1 km. If the recording offset is very long, the refractions may follow a deep path, and the result may reveal a deep interface. We determine several factors that affect the imaging results using synthetics. We also apply the novel method to one data set with regular recording offsets and another with far offsets; both cases produce sharp images, which are further verified by conventional reflection imaging. This method can be applied as a promising imaging tool when handling practical cases involving data with excessively weak or missing reflections but available refractions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method"

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Harsha, Senusi Mohamed. "Interpretation of Southern Georgia coastal plain velocity structure using refraction and wide-angle reflection methods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25886.

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Samson, Claire. "Recording the Kapuskasing pilot reflection survey with refraction instruments : a feasibility study." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66063.

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Valle, G. Raul del. "Model parameterization in refraction seismology." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66057.

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Rumpfhuber, Eva-Maria. "An integrated analysis of controlled-and passive source seismic data /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Demirbaäg, Mustafa Emin. "Estimation of seismic parameters from multifold reflection seismic data by generalized linear inversion of Zoeppritz equations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37224.

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Jiao, Lingxiu. "Imaging of the Sudbury Structure, Ontario, Canada, using the seismic reflection and refraction method." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62644.pdf.

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Silva, Aristeguieta Maria. "Optimization of seismic least-squares inversion /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1993. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9325432.

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Ogilvie, Jeffrey Scott. "Modeling of seismic coda, with application to attenuation and scattering in southeastern Tennessee." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25871.

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Khabbush, Khaled Omar. "A review of static corrections in seismic reflection surveys and a new method for their calculation." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286453.

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Okure, Maxwell Sunday. "Upper mantle reflectivity beneath an intracratonic basin : insights into the behavior of the mantle beneath Illinois basin /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd865.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method"

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Brocher, Thomas M. Wide-angle seismic recordings obtained during the tact multichannel reflection profiling in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Brocher, Thomas M. Wide-angle seismic recordings obtained during the tact multichannel reflection profiling in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Brocher, Thomas M. Wide-angle seismic recordings obtained during the tact multichannel reflection profiling in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990.

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Larson, Timothy H. Results of a shallow seismic refraction survey near Gilberts in Kane County, Illinois. Champaign, Ill: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1992.

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Novak, Olaf. A wide-angle seismic study of the SE-flank of the Kenya Rift in corporating a multidisciplinary interpretation. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Heigold, Paul C. Seismic reflection and seismic refraction surveying in northeastern Illinois. Champaign, Ill. (615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign 61820): Illinois State Geological Survey, 1990.

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Velocities in reflection seismology. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1985.

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Lavergne, M. Seismic methods. London: Graham & Trotman, 1989.

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Lavergne, M. Seismic methods. Paris: Editions Technip, 1989.

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Waters, Kenneth Harold. Reflection seismology: A tool for energy resource exploration. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method"

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Kasuga, Shigeru, and Tadahiko Katsura. "Seismic Reflection and Refraction Methods." In Continental Shelf Limits. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117820.003.0017.

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In order to establish the outer limit of the continental shelf, as defined by article 76 of the Convention (UNDOALOS, 1993), it is necessary for the coastal State to determine the foot of the slope and to know the thickness of the sediments beneath the ocean floor. Geophysical surveys, using seismic techniques, have been extensively used for mapping of subsurface geological structures. In seismic surveys, seismic waves are generated by near-surface artificial explosions at a series of sites; the resulting waves are then recorded digitally and as an analogue record. The regional geological structure and sediment thickness can then be deduced from analysis of the travel times of identifiable wave groups. This chapter briefly outlines the various seismic survey methods with special emphasis on seismic reflection and refraction surveys. It also discusses the most commonly used techniques for determining the subsurface structure, including determination of the velocities of sediments using seismic waves. Seismic reflection surveys have been extensively used for mapping structures in sedimentary sequences, especially as part of exploration programs for oil and gas. Two seismic reflection methods are widely used: singlechannel and multichannel seismic profiling systems. Although the former typically used an analogue recording system with a single receiver, digital recording is now commonly employed. The single-channel method is often employed during shallow reconnaissance exploration or in offshore engineering surveys because it is relatively cheap. But this advantage of the single-channel system is countered by the fact that the maximum depth of penetration of the single-channel system is rather shallow, and it usually does not give information on the deep geological structure or on the seismic velocity of the sedimentary layers. The multichannel method is characterized by digital recording and multiple receivers in a long multichannel streamer cable. Most marine seismic reflection profiling has now shifted from analogue recording of singlechannel data to digital recording of multichannel data, largely because digital recording and processing of large amounts of data improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide high-quality seismic records. A data acquisition system for reflection profiling consists of three basic subsystems: the energy source, the receiving unit, and the digital recording system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Seismology Seismic refraction method. Seismic reflection method"

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Henderson, J., M. Bowman, and J. Morrissey. "The Geophysical Toolbox: A Practical Approach to Pipeline Design and Construction." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0190.

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Geophysical surveys map variations in physical properties of subsurface materials, many of which can have a direct impact on pipeline design and construction. This paper provides an overview of complementary geophysical methods available in the geophysical toolbox and shows, through the use of case histories, examples of the applicability of the methods for specific pipeline design and construction scenarios. In the context of pipeline design and construction, the objectives of a geophysical survey typically include one or more of the following applications: • muskeg mapping (thickness, lateral extent); • permafrost delineation (variations in ice content, frozen/unfrozen boundaries); • depth to bedrock; • rippability of bedrock; • soil type delineation (corrosion protection, granular inventories); • subsurface conditions at water crossings for horizontal directional drill planning using detailed investigations (boulder horizons, abandoned workings, depth to bedrock). To successfully address these objectives, it is often necessary to utilize more than one geophysical technique. Geophysical methods commonly employed in pipeline investigations include the following: • seismic refraction (marine and land based); • seismic reflection (marine and land based); • electromagnetics; • electrical imaging; • ground penetrating radar (marine and land based); • sonar. The fullest utility of geophysical information is achieved when combined with complementary approaches to provide the end-user with a value-added, cost effective approach. These other method include: airphoto interpretation, satellite imagery, and drilling. The incorporation of auxiliary data sets results in geophysical sections that provide a means of interpolating subsurface conditions between drill holes and reducing the risk associated with encountering surprises. These sections can also be used to provide for more accurate cost estimates by their inclusion in bid documents while at the same time ensuring a better data base for pipeline design. In addition to the advantages of using a geophysical toolbox, the ramifications of the pitfalls of geophysical approaches will also be discussed through the use of case histories illustrating situations in which an inappropriate geophysical technique was applied.
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