Relevant bibliographies by topics / Seismometers

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Seismometers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Seismometers"

1

Hidayat, Wahyu, David P. Sahara, Sri Widiyantoro, Suharsono Suharsono, Ridho Kresna Wattimena, Sari Melati, I. Putu Raditya Ambara Putra, Septian Prahastudhi, Eric Sitorus, and Erwin Riyanto. "Testing the Utilization of a Seismic Network Outside the Main Mining Facility Area for Expanding the Microseismic Monitoring Coverage in a Deep Block Caving." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 7265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147265.

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In the case of mining in an inclined intrusion using the block caving method, the highest stress is usually concentrated in the seismogenic and abutment zones, especially in the front of the sloping area. In an inclined intrusion of more than 40°, the seismometer network is usually distributed in the facility area where the footwall area is also located. This causes a limitation in microseismic monitoring due to ray coverage. In this study, we conduct a seismometer deployment outside a mining facilities area with borehole seismometers. The study aims to maximize the resolution and minimize the monitoring uncertainty of underground mines. We created two scenarios of seismometer deployment: (i) seismometers are deployed following the intrusion mining level in the mining facility area; and (ii) additional seismometers are deployed in off-facilities areas. Both areas were tested for their raypath responses and sensitivity using the Checkerboard Resolution Test (CRT). The monitoring resolution influenced by the additional borehole seismometers in the off-facilities area can be quantified. The results suggest that the additional seismometers in the off-facilities areas can increase resolution by 30% in the seismogenic and abutment zones.
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2

Zheng, Xichen, Deyong Chen, Junbo Wang, Jian Chen, Chao Xu, Wenjie Qi, and Bowen Liu. "Microelectromechanical System-Based Electrochemical Seismometers with Two Pairs of Electrodes Integrated on One Chip." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 13, 2019): 3953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183953.

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This paper presents microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based electrochemical seismometers with two pairs of electrodes integrated on one chip. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations were conducted to reveal the working principle of the proposed electrochemical seismometers, finding that flow holes distributed on cathodes rather than anodes can produce significantly higher sensitivities. The proposed electrochemical seismometers were fabricated based on conventional micromachined processes with high fabrication repeatability. Sensitivity measurements of the proposed seismometers and their commercial counterpart of CME6011 were conducted, indicating the sensitivities of the proposed seismometer with flow holes on cathodes were two orders higher than the counterpart with flow holes on anodes and one order higher than CME6011 at dominant frequencies. Measurements of random ground motions based on the proposed seismometer with flow holes on cathodes and CME6011 were conducted, producing comparable noise levels without observable ground motions and high correlations in response to random events of ground motions. These results validated the functionality of the proposed electrochemical seismometers, which may contribute to seismic monitoring in the near future.
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Rodgers, Peter W. "Frequency limits for seismometers as determined from signal-to-noise ratios. Part 2. The feedback seismometer." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 1099–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820021099.

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Abstract The range of frequencies that a seismometer can record is nominally set by the corner frequencies of its amplitude frequency response. In recording pre-event noise in very quiet seismic sites, the internally generated self-noise of the seismometer can put further limits on the range of frequencies that can be recorded. Some examples of such low seismic noise sites are Lajitas, Texas; Deep Springs, California; and Karkaralinsk, U.S.S.R. In such sites, the seismometer self-noise can be large enough to degrade the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the recorded pre-event data. The widely used low seismic noise model (LNM) (due to Peterson, 1982; Peterson and Hutt, 1982; Peterson and Tilgner, 1985; Peterson and Hutt, 1989) is used as representative of the input ground motion acceleration power density spectrum (pds) at such very low noise sites. This study determines the range of frequencies for which the SNR of a feedback seismometer exceeds 3 db (a factor of 2 in power and 1.414 in amplitude). Analytic expressions for the SNR are developed for three types of feedback seismometers. These are the displacement feedback, velocity feedback, and coil-to-coil velocity feedback seismometers. It was found that the analytic SNRs of the displacement and velocity feedback seismometers are identical and that the SNRs for the coil-coil feedback seismometer and the electromagnetic seismometer are also the same. The signal pds using Peterson's LNM as an input is developed for each of the three types of feedback seismometers. Suspension noise is modeled following Aki and Richards (1980). In order to model the electronically caused component of the self-noise, the electronic noise properties of two commonly used operational amplifiers (Precision Monolithics OP-27 and the Burr-Brown OPA2111 FET) are described. Using these, noise models are developed for a synchronous demodulator and a chopper-stabilized amplifier. These noise models are used to numerically compute the SNRs for the two feedback seismometers used as examples, which are the Guralp Systems CMG-3ESP and Sprengnether Instruments SBX-1000 feedback seismometers. For each of the example seismometers, the calculated range of frequencies for which their SNR exceeds 3 db is as follows: the CMG-3ESP, 0.025 to 13.3 Hz; the SBX-1000, 0.098 to 11.3 Hz. The calculated and measured SNRs for the CMG-3ESP are compared. The calculated upper frequency for a SNR of 3 db was 13.3 Hz compared with 18.4 Hz measured in the noise tests. The calculated lower frequency for a SNR of 3 db was 0.025 Hz, whereas the measured value was 0.047 Hz. The difference is most likely due to the fact the CMG-3ESP is cut off at 0.1 Hz. Formulas are developed in Appendix A for calculating the SNR and self-noise of identical, colocated seismometers from their recorded outputs. The analytic transfer functions, midband gain, upper and lower corner frequencies, and bandwidths for the three types of feedback seismometers are given in Appendix B for comparison with the frequency limits set by the SNR.
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4

Costley, Richard D., Sarah McComas, Christopher Simpson, Chris Hayward, and Mihan McKenna. "Seismometers as infrasound sensors." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A72—A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0026848.

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An experiment was conducted in West-Central Mississippi in which five explosive charges were detonated. The TNT equivalent sizes of the charges ranged from 0.57 to 10.91 kg (1.25 to 24 lb). Among the arrays of sensors deployed, seismometers were deployed near microphones at distances of 0.5, 2.1, and 8.4 km from the source. The blast wave at these distances had decayed in amplitude to an acoustic wave. The coherence between the seismometer and microphone signals showed that the seismometer provided reasonable representation of the acoustic wave over limited frequency bands; however, these bands changed between sensor locations. In addition, two 3-component seismometers were deployed near each other 8.4 km from the source. These seismometers were of different types, one having a resonance frequency of 1 Hz and the other at 4.5 Hz. The signals from the horizontal components of these seismometers were analyzed to determine their effectiveness as vector sensors. The results showed that the back-azimuth determined from the seismometers agreed reasonably well with ground truth for the first arrival of the acoustic wavefront; however, the results degraded as the trailing part of the wavefront passed. Permission to publish was granted by the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.
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Chui, Talso C. P., Andrew Erwin, and Inseob Hahn. "Extensions of the Galperin Transformation Matrices for Triaxial Seismometers." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010026.

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Since its invention in 1955, the Galperin symmetric triaxial seismometer has been widely used for seismic detection on Earth, and most recently on the planet Mars. In this paper, we present detailed physics of such seismometers, which has not yet been published in open literature. We extended Galperin’s original work, which is based on idealized geometry and assumptions, to include more practical cases, including (1) non-idealized tilt angles of its component seismometers; (2) component seismometers that are not exactly oriented 120° apart; (3) distributed mass on the boom; and (4) the case of operations at lower frequencies.
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Qi, Kun, Yao-Yao Xu, Xiao-Bing Deng, Le-Le Chen, Qin Luo, Min-Kang Zhou, Xiao-Chun Duan, and Zhong-Kun Hu. "Influence of magnetic field on the seismometer in vibration correction for atom gravimeters." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081148.

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Vibration correction provides a simple and flexible method of suppressing ambient vibration noise in transportable atom gravimeters. However, in the seismometers used for vibration correction, a spurious output may be induced by the magnetic field of the magnetic–optical trap, introducing errors to the gravity measurements. This paper evaluates the influence of the magnetic field on the seismometer and the corresponding errors in the gravity measurements. It is found that an error level of order 10 μGal may be present if the seismometer is not configured carefully. The dependence of the influence on the orientation of the seismometer and the lasting time of the magnetic field are investigated. The effective suppression of the influence by shielding the seismometer is also demonstrated. Our results focus attention on the possible errors related to seismometers in high-precision gravity measurements by using atom gravimeters.
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Erwin, Andrew, Leandro A. N. de Paula, Nicholas C. Schmerr, David Shelton, Inseob Hahn, P. Roger Williamson, Ho Jung Paik, and Talso C. P. Chui. "Brownian Noise and Temperature Sensitivity of Long-Period Lunar Seismometers." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 111, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 3065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120210072.

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ABSTRACT As long-period ground motion holds the key to understanding the interior of the Earth’s Moon, reducing long-period noise sources will be an essential area of focus in the design of future lunar seismometers. For the proposed Lunar Geophysical Network (LGN), the International Lunar Network (ILN) Science Definition Team specifies that an LGN enabling seismometer will need to be more sensitive than any previous seismometer at frequencies below 1 Hz. In an effort toward lowering the seismometer noise floor for lunar geophysical missions, we evaluate the 1/f Brownian noise and the temperature sensitivity of a seismometer. Temperature sensitivity of a seismometer is related to an important component of the seismometer output noise that is proportional to the temperature noise in the environment. The implications of the ILN requirement are presented in the context of the state-of-the-art InSight Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) Very Broad Band (VBB) planetary seismometer. Brownian noise due to internal friction was estimated for future lunar operation after accounting for the rebalance of the product of mass and distance to the center of gravity of the pendulum for the SEIS-VBB sensor. We find that Brownian noise could be a limiting factor in meeting the ILN requirement for lunar seismometers. Further, we have developed a formalism to understand the temperature sensitivity of a seismometer, relating it quantitatively to the local gravity, the thermoelastic coefficient of the spring, change in center of gravity, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the mechanical structures. We found that in general the temperature sensitivity of a seismometer is proportional to the local gravity, and so the temperature sensitivity can be reduced when operating on a planetary body with lower gravity. Our Brownian noise and temperature sensitivity models will be useful in the design of the next generation of planetary seismometers.
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Wang, Kaiming, Wenyi Li, Lijun Zhao, Daxin Yu, and Shaogang Wei. "Research on Self-Noise Characteristics of Nine Types of Seismometers Obtained by PDF Representation Using Continuous Seismic Data from the Malingshan Seismic Station, China." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010110.

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The self-noise level of a seismometer can determine the performance of the seismic instrument and limit the ability to use seismic data to solve geoscience problems. Accurately measuring and simultaneously comparing the self-noise models from different types of seismometers has long been a challenging task due to the constraints of observation conditions. In this paper, the self-noise power spectral density (PSD) values of nine types of seismometers are calculated using four months of continuous seismic waveforms from Malingshan seismic station, China, and nine self-noise models are obtained based on the probability density function (PDF) representation. For the seismometer STS-2.5, the self-noise levels on the horizontal channels (E–W and N–S) are significantly higher than that on the vertical channel (U–D) in the microseism band (0.1 Hz to 1 Hz), which is a computing bias caused by the misalignment between the sensors in the horizontal direction, while the remarkably elevated noise on the horizontal channels at the low frequencies (<0.6 Hz) may originate from the local variation of atmospheric pressure. As for the very broadband seismometers Trillium-Horizon-120 and Trillium-120PA, and the ultra-broadband seismometers Trillium-Horizon-360 and CMG-3T-360, there is a trade-off between the microseism band range and low-frequency range in the PSD curves of the vertical channel. When the level of self-noise in the microseism band is high, the self-noise at low frequencies is relatively low. Although compared with the other very broadband seismometers, the self-noise level of the vertical component of the STS-2.5 is 3 dB to 4 dB lower at frequencies less than 1 Hz, the self-noise level of the STS-2.5 at high frequencies (>2 Hz) is slightly higher than others. From our observations, we conclude that the nine seismometers cannot reach the lowest noise level in all frequency bands within the working range.
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Marusiak, Angela G., Nicholas C. Schmerr, Daniella N. DellaGiustina, Brad Avenson, S. Hop Bailey, Veronica J. Bray, Juliette I. Brodbeck, et al. "The Deployment of the Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) in Northwest Greenland: An Analog Experiment for Icy Ocean World Seismic Deployments." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 2036–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200291.

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Abstract In anticipation of future spacecraft missions to icy ocean worlds, the Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) was funded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, to prepare for seismologic investigations of these worlds. During the summer of 2018, the SIIOS team deployed a seismic experiment on the Greenland ice sheet situated, approximately, 80 km north of Qaanaaq, Greenland. The seismometers deployed included one Trillium 120 s Posthole (TPH) broadband seismometer, 13 Silicon Audio flight-candidate seismometers, and five Sercel L28 4.5 Hz geophones. Seismometers were buried 1 m deep in the firn in a cross-shaped array centered on a collocated TPH and Silicon Audio instrument. One part of the array consisted of Silicon Audio and Sercel geophones situated 1 m from the center of the array in the ordinal directions. A second set of four Silicon Audio instruments was situated 1 km from the center of the array in the cardinal directions. A mock-lander spacecraft was placed at the array center and instrumented with four Silicon Audio seismometers. We performed an active-source experiment and a passive-listening experiment that lasted for, approximately, 12 days. The active–source experiment consisted of 9–12 sledgehammer strikes to an aluminum plate at 10 separate locations up to 100 m from the array center. The passive experiment recorded the ice-sheet ambient background noise, as well as local and regional events. Both datasets will be used to quantify differences in spacecraft instrumentation deployment strategies, and for evaluating science capabilities for single-station and small-aperture seismic arrays in future geophysical missions. Our initial results indicate that the flight-candidate seismometer performs comparably to the TPH at frequencies above 0.1 Hz and that instruments coupled to the mock-lander perform comparably to ground-based instrumentation in the frequency band of 0.1–10 Hz. For future icy ocean world missions, a deck-coupled seismometer would perform similarly to a ground-based deployment across the most frequency bands.
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Tape, Carl, Adam T. Ringler, and Don L. Hampton. "Recording the Aurora at Seismometers across Alaska." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (July 29, 2020): 3039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200161.

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Abstract We examine three continuously recording data sets related to the aurora: all-sky camera images, three-component magnetometer data, and vertical-component, broadband seismic data as part of the EarthScope project (2014 to present). Across Alaska there are six all-sky cameras, 13 magnetometers, and &gt;200 seismometers. The all-sky images and magnetometers have the same objective, which is to monitor space weather and improve our understanding of auroral activity, including the influence on magnetic fields in the ground. These variations in the magnetic field are also visible on seismometers, to the extent that during an auroral event, the long-period (40–800 s) waves recorded by a seismometer are magnetic field variations, not true ground motion. Although this is a problem—one that can be rectified with magnetic shielding at each seismometer site—it is also an opportunity because the present seismic array in Alaska is much broader than the coverage by magnetometers and all-sky cameras. Here we focus on three aurora events and document a direct link between aurora images in the night sky and seismometer recordings on ground. Simultaneous recordings by magnetometers provide a critical link between the sky images and the seismometer recordings. We document qualitative correlations among sky, magnetic, and seismic data. The findings suggest that the signature of auroral activity is widespread across seismometers in Alaska, implying that the seismic array could be used to enhance the spatial resolution of the existing network of all-sky cameras and magnetometers. Future efforts to improve the multisensor seismic stations in Alaska, for the purpose of monitoring seismic and auroral activity, should consider installation of all-sky cameras, installation of magnetometers, and magnetic shielding of seismic sensors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Seismometers"

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Laing, Nancy Louise. "Sources and receivers with the seismic cone test." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25100.

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Different types of sources and receivers used with the seismic cone penetration test were investigated. The sources investigated were mechanical shear and compression wave sources consisting of a hammer-and-weighted-plank source; an on-shore Buffalo gun source utilizing shotgun shells; an off-shore seismic cap source; and an off-shore embedded blade with seismic cap source. The receivers investigated were horizontal and vertical geophones and accelerometers. The hammer shear source used previously with the seismic cone (Rice, 1984), was used as a standard for comparison. The hammer P-wave source was not used successfully with the seismic cone, because the vertical receivers used in the cone do not represent the soil response and thus can not be used with any source, and because the amplitude of the P-waves produced by the source was not large enough to detect on the horizontal receivers. The Buffalo gun source did not give repeatable or accurate shear wave velocities for depths less than 12 meters, but did appear repeatable and accurate below 12 meters. The seismic cap sources including the embedded blade source were found to give reasonable shear wave velocities and reasonable compression wave velocities if the depth at which the seismic cap was fired was kept constant. Both horizontal geophones and accelerometers were found to give similar shear wave velocities for the hammer shear source, but for the Buffalo gun source the accelerometers give differing results from the geophones probably because of a variable phase shift associated with the filtering of the accelerometer. Vertical receivers were not successfully used with the seismic cone because they do not give a response representative of the soil response, because of the vertical stiffness of the cone and rods. The use of compression and shear wave velocities to determine Poisson' ratio gave reasonable results if the strain level and type of compression wave were taken into account. A preliminary determination of the material damping ratio gave results which were higher than expected, probably indicating the seismic wave receivers were responding to the cone-soil system, rather than to the soil alone.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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2

Mat, Isa Ahmed Radzi. "Discrimination between tilt and acceleration in horizontal seismometers." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279599.

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Golden, Charles Edward. "Investigation of oceanic spreading center hydrothermal processes using ocean bottom seismometers /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035910.

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Rasmussen, Tyler Wyatt. "Comparison of 4.5 Hz Geophones and a Broadband Seismometer in a Real Field Deployment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90292.

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An analysis of waveforms, power spectral density and array responses was performed using geophones and broadband seismometers, co-deployed as part of a geologically motivated study. Broadband seismometers record excellent waveforms but, due to cost and deployment effort, wavefields are usually spatially aliased above ~0.1 Hz. Industry rapidly deploys many thousands of inexpensive, passive geophones to record full, unaliased seismic wavefields; however, waveform quality is limited below the instrument's natural frequency of ≥2 Hz. In 2012, coincident passive and controlled-source seismic surveys were deployed to investigate tectonics in Idaho and Oregon. Broadband stations were deployed at quiet sites every 15 km, taking experienced professionals >1 person-days per station. Fifty 4.5 Hz geophones and "Texan" seismographs at 200-m spacing were deployed per person-day by inexperienced students. Geophone data were continuously recorded for 3 nights and 1 day, while broadband seismometers were deployed for ~2 years. The spectral and array responses of these real deployments were compared. For a M7.7 teleseismic event, the broadband seismometer and geophone recorded nearly identical waveforms down to <0.03 Hz (32 s) and matching power spectral density down to 0.02 Hz (50 s). For quiet ambient noise, the waveforms strongly correlate down to <0.25 Hz (4 s) and the power spectral density match to the low-frequency side of the microseismic peak at ~0.15 Hz (~7 s). By deploying a much larger number of geophones, waveforms can be stacked to reduce instrument self-noise and beamforming can be used to identify wavefield azimuth and apparent velocity. Geophones can be an effective tool in ambient noise seismology down to ~7 seconds and can be used to record large seismic events effectively down to tens of seconds, well below the natural frequency of the instruments. A well-designed deployment of broadbands and geophones can enable full wavefield studies from long period to short period. Scientific and societal applications that could benefit from the improved unaliased wavefield bandwidth include local to regional seismicity, strong ground motion, magma migration, nuclear source discrimination, and crustal studies.
Master of Science
An analysis of seismic responses was performed using common seismology sensors, codeployed as part of a geologically motivated study. Broadband seismometers record seismic activity extremely well, however, due to cost and deployment effort, are less effective above ~0.1 Hz. Industry rapidly deploys many thousands of inexpensive, geophones, to record effectively above ~2 Hz; however, quality of the signal is limited below 2 Hz. In 2012, coincident seismic surveys were deployed to investigate earth structures in Idaho and Oregon. Broadband stations were deployed at every 15 km, taking experienced professionals >1 person-days per station. Fifty geophones and “Texan” seismographs at 200-m spacing were deployed per person-day by inexperienced students. Geophone data were continuously recorded for 3 nights and 1 day, while broadband seismometers were deployed for ~2 years. The seismic responses of these real deployments were compared. For a M7.7 earthquake, the broadband seismometer and geophone recorded nearly identical waveforms down to <0.03 Hz (32 s) and had similar characteristics down to 0.02 Hz (50 s). For low energy seismic signal, the waveforms were comparable down to <0.25 Hz (4 s) and had similar characteristics at ~0.15 Hz (~7 s). By deploying a much larger number of geophones, waveforms can be added together to improve signal quality and determine where the seismic source is located. Geophones can be an effective tool for low energy seismic signal down to ~7 seconds in period and can be used to record large seismic events effectively down to tens of seconds in period. A well-designed deployment of broadbands and geophones can enable full seismic studies from low and high frequencies which would have many scientific and societal benefits.
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Lewis, Olivia Jane. "Investigations of crustal structure at the Faroes continental margin using multi-channel seismic and ocean bottom seismometer data." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607912.

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Heasman, Ray Edward. "The implementation of a core architecture for geophysical data acquisition." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005256.

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This thesis describes the design, development and implementation of the core hardware and software of a modular data acquisition system for geophysical data collection. The primary application for this system is the acquisition and realtime processing of seismic data captured in mines. This system will be used by a commercial supplier of seismic instrumentation, ISS International, as a base architecture for the development of future products. The hardware and software has been designed to be extendable and support distributed processing. The IEEE-1394 High Performance Serial Bus is used to communicate with other CPU modules or peripherals. The software includes a pre-emptive multitasking microkernel, an asynchronous mailbox-based message passing communications system, and a functional IEEE-1394 protocol stack. The reasons for the end design and implementation decisions are given, and the problems encountered in the development of this system are described. A critical assessment of the match between the requirements for the project and the functionality of the implementation is made.
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Schutz, Kerry D. "Optimum deconvolution of seismic transients a model-based signal processing approach." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178732899.

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Miller, Steven B. "Application of complex trace attributes to reflection seismic data near Charleston, South Carolina." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50058.

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Complex trace attribute analysis has been applied to 24-fold VIBROSEIS reflection data acquired on the Atlantic Coastal Plain near Charleston, S. C., to yield an expanded interpretation of a Mesozoic basin concealed beneath Coastal Plain sediments. Complex trace attributes express the seismic trace in terms of a complex variable and emphasize different components of the original seismogram. Attributes derived from synthetic seismograms of thin beds are used to interpret the patterns observed on the real data. Complex trace attributes derived from the original seismic trace complement the interpretation of a Mesozoic basin originally imaged by conventional data. The combination of single-sweep recording and use of complex trace attributes is believed to support an interpretation of a transition from basin border conglomerates into finer-grained siltstones nearer to the center of the basin.
Master of Science
incomplete_metadata
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9

Batsi, Evangelia. "Micro-seismicity and deep seafloor processes in the Western Sea of Marmara : insights from the analysis of Ocean Bottom Seismometer and Hydrophone data." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0090/document.

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Depuis les séismes dévastateurs de 1999 d’Izmit et de Duzce, la partie immergée de la Faille Nord Anatolienne (FNA)en Mer de Marmara fait l’objet d’une intense surveillance. Malgré cela, la micro-sismicité demeure mal connue. Par ailleurs, alors que la connexion avec le système pétrolier du Bassin de Thrace est établie, le rôle du gaz sur la sismicité n’a pas été identifié.Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé des données d’OBS (Ocean Bottom Seismometers) acquises dans la partie ouest de la Mer de Marmara (en avril-juillet 2011 et septembre-novembre 2014), à partir de méthodes non-linéaires –NonLinLocet d’un modèle 3D de vitesses. Une grande partie de la sismicité se produit à des profondeurs inférieures à 6 km environ : le long de failles secondaires, héritées de l’histoire complexe de la FNA ; ou dans des couches de sédiments superficiels (< 1 km) riches en gaz. Cette sismicité superficielle semble être associée à des processus liés au gaz, déclenchés par les séismes profonds de magnitude M1 > 4.5 qui se produisent régulièrement le long de la MMF.Par ailleurs, 2 familles de signaux de courte durée (<1s), dits ≪ SDE ≫ (pour Short Duration Event) apparaissent sur les enregistrements : 1) les SDE se produisant à raison de quelques dizaines de SDE/jour, en réponse à des causes locales (i.e. bioturbation, activité biologique, micro-bullage de fond de mer, mouvements à l’interface eau/sédiment), etc ; 2) lesSDE se produisant par ≪paquets≫, dont certains sont enregistrés sur les 4 composantes (y compris l’hydrophone) et apparaissent de manière périodique, toutes les 1.8 s environ, en réponse à diverses causes qui restent à déterminer (parmi lesquelles : les mammifères marins ; l’activité humaine ; la sismicité ; le dégazage ; les ≪trémors≫ sismiques ; etc)
Since the devastating earthquakes of 1999, east of Istanbul, the submerged section of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), in the Sea of Marmara (SoM) has been intensively monitored, mainly using land stations. Still, the micro-seismicity remains poorly understood. In addition, although the connection of the SoM with the hydrocarbon gas system from the Thrace Basin is now well established, along with the presence of widespread gas within the sedimentary layers, the role of gas on seismicity is still not recognized.Here, we have analyzed Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data from two deployments (April-July 2011 and September-November 2014) in the western SoM. Based on a high-resolution, 3D-velocity model, and on non-linear methods (NonLinLoc), our location results show that a large part of the micro-seismicity occurs at shallow depths (< 6 a 8 km): along secondary faults, inherited from the complex history of the North-Anatolian shear zone; or within the uppermost (< 1 km), gas-rich, sediment layers. Part of this ultra-shallow seismicity is likely triggered by the deep earthquakes of intermediate magnitude (Ml > 4.5) that frequently occur along the western segments of the MMF.In addition, OBSs also record at least two families of short duration (<1 sec) events (SDEs): 1) “background SDEs” occurring on a permanent, at a rate of a few tens of SDEs/day, resulting from many possible, local causes, e. g.: degassing from the seafloor, biological activity near the seabed, bioturbation, etc; 2) “swarmed SDEs”, among which some are recorded also on the hydrophone, and characterized by a periodicity of ~ 1.8 seconds. The causes of these SDEs still remain to be determined (among which: anthropogenic causes, marine mammals, gas emissions, regional seismicity, tremors from the MMF, etc)
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Levy, Shlomo. "Inversion of reflection seismograms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25815.

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A method for the estimation of impedance or pseudo-velocity sections from the information contained in CMP stacked sections, the corresponding stacking velocities and sonic and density logs (when available) is presented. The method relies on a linear programming approach for the reconstruction of full-band reflectivities, and utilizes linearized relations between the multiple free reflectivity functions and average or point-wise impedance or velocity values. The reconstruction procedure requires the solution of an underdetermined set of equations and hence a minimum structure condition is imposed on the desired solution. This condition guaranties the uniqueness of the obtained solution in the sense that it is the solution that features the least amount of impedance variations as a function of travel-time (or depth). Since the presented inversion yields minimum structure solutions, it is argued that features which appear on the obtained result are strictly demanded by the data and are not artifacts of the inversion scheme. A number of physical assumptions are required by the presented inversion. These are summarized below in point form: (1) The earth reflectivity function is non-white and can be reasonably represented by a sparse spike train. (2) The observed CMP stacked section is a reasonable representation of the multiple-free normal-ray section with reasonably correct relative amplitude relations. (3) The residual wavelet on the stacked section is to a good approximation a zero-phase wavelet with a relatively flat spectrum. (4) The estimated stacking velocities can be inverted to yield an acceptable representation of the averages of the true earth velocity model. Since in a realistic environment some of the above assumptions may be violated, all the corresponding relations in the presented inversion scheme include appropriate uncertainty terms. That is, all the information components considered in the inversion are satisfied only to within some prespecified error bounds. A number of possibilities for speeding up the inversion scheme are described. It is shown that utilizing the expected trace-to-trace coherency of seismic reflection data yields considerable reduction in computational efforts. Finally, a number of steps required for a successful completion of the inversion are described. In particular, the problems of preinversion data scaling and the correction of the residual wavelet's phase are discussed in some detail.
Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Seismometers"

1

McChesney, P. J. McVCO handbook 1999. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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P, Kirnos D., and Institut fiziki Zemli im. O.I͡U︡. Shmidta., eds. Pribory i metody registrat͡s︡ii zemletri͡a︡seniĭ. Moskva: "Nauka", 1987.

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1904-, Sadovskiĭ Mikhail Aleksandrovich, and Gosudarstvennai͡a︡ nauchno-tekhnicheskai͡a︡ programma Rossii "Globalʹnye izmenenii͡a︡ prirodnoĭ sredy i klimata.", eds. Razvitie metodov i sredstv ėksperimental'noĭ geofiziki: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: Gos. nauch.-tekhn. programma Rossii "Globalʹnye izmenenii͡a︡ prirodnoĭ sredy i klimata", 1993.

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University of Washington. Geophysics Program and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. McVCO handbook 1999. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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University of Washington. Geophysics Program. and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. McVCO handbook 1999. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Leo, Sandoval, Hutt Bob, Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (Geological Survey), and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Experimental investigations regarding the use of sand as an inhibitor of air convection in deep seismic boreholes. Albuquerque, N.M: Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory, 1998.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Calibration of a linear spring-supported, vertical-component moving-coil seismometer by means of damping test and/or a current release test. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Eaton, Jerry P. Calibration of a linear spring-supported, vertical-component moving-coil seismometer by means of damping test and/or a current release test. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Carver, David. Calibration and acceptance testing of the DE-200 digital seismograph with S-6000 and L-4C seismometers. [Denver, Colo.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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E, Dodd J., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Magnetic tape format for the USGS bottom seismometer. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Seismometers"

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Alguacil, Gerardo, and Jens Havskov. "Passive Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_170-1.

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Hayman, Mark B. "Downhole Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_195-1.

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Alguacil, Gerardo, and Jens Havskov. "Passive Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1872–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_170.

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Hayman, Mark B. "Downhole Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 568–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_195.

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Townsend, Bruce. "Symmetric Triaxial Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_194-1.

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Townsend, Bruce. "Symmetric Triaxial Seismometers." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 3714–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_194.

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Agafonov, Vadim M., Alexander V. Neeshpapa, and Anna S. Shabalina. "Electrochemical Seismometers of Linear and Angular Motion." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_403-1.

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Agafonov, Vadim M., Alexander V. Neeshpapa, and Anna S. Shabalina. "Electrochemical Seismometers of Linear and Angular Motion." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 944–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_403.

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Yamazaki, F., and L. Lu. "Stochastic Estimation of Orientation Error in Buried Seismometers." In Computational Stochastic Mechanics, 571–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3692-1_48.

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Antonovskaya, Galina, Natalia Kapustian, and Irina Basakina. "New Approach of Railway Roadbed State Monitoring Using Broadband Seismometers." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 127–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0450-1_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Seismometers"

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Yan, Hong-Sen, and Kuo-Hung Hsiao. "The Development of Ancient Earthquake Instruments." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99107.

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This paper studies sensing element designs in ancient seismometers and describes the developments of ancient earthquake instruments. A basic seismograph comprises a seismometer, a recording system, and a timing system. The major difficulty in the development of a seismograph was the design of the seismometer. And, the break through was the use of a pendulum system as a sensing element that responded to ground motion and did not move with the ground. Early seismoscopes were primarily intended to determine that an earthquake had happened. The first seismoscope invented by Zhang Heng was Hou Feng Di Dong Yi made in ancient China around the year 132 AD. The truly successful seismographs were first designed and built in the 1880s by a group of British scientists in Japan. In 1906, Boris Galitzin developed a working electromagnetic seismograph with a great sensitivity. Finally, a comparison with the recording systems of ancient seismographs is concluded.
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Franck, Larsonnier, Rouillé Guillaume, Bartoli Claire, Klaus Leonard, and Begoff Philipp. "Comparison on seismometer sensitivity following ISO 16063-11 standard." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201927003.

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Accelerometer calibration by primary and secondary means is now very well covered both in low and medium frequency range. This is obviously not the case for seismometers which are widely used in the world. Up to now, seismometers only have internal checks thanks to an integrated coil. Calibration of these devices address different challenges like large mass and volumes, non-rotatable devices, specific mounting. This inter laboratory comparison will help to investigate these fields and to give feedback to develop a methodology to calibrate seismometers.
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Brown, David A. "Fiber optic accelerometers and seismometers." In Acoustic particle velocity sensors: Design, performance, and applications. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50341.

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Xiaoyong, Fan, and Ma Jiemei. "Improvements for seismometers testing on shake table." In 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi46757.2019.9101528.

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Kanazawa, T., M. Shinohara, S. Sakai, O. Sano, H. Utada, H. Shiobara, Y. Morita, T. Yamada, and K. Yamazaki. "A New Low Cost Ocean Bottom Cabled Seismometers." In 2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ut.2007.370813.

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Kamenev, Oleg T., Yuriy N. Kulchin, and Yuriy S. Petrov. "Fiber-optic seismometers for weak seismic signals registration." In Asia-Pacific Conference on Fundamental Problems of Opto- and Microelectronics, edited by Yuri N. Kulchin, Roman V. Romashko, and Alexander V. Syuy. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2268285.

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Benazzouz*, Omar, Luis Pinheiro, Daniel Herold, and Alexandra Afilhado. "Accurate Ocean-Bottom Seismometers positioning using Multilateration technique." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2015-5824940.1.

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Yenier*, Emrah, Michael Laporte, and Dario Baturan. "Induced-seismicity monitoring: Broadband seismometers and geophone comparison." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2016-13970947.1.

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Sun, Zhenyuan, Guanglei Li, Lianhong Chen, Junbo Wang, Deyong Chen, and Jian Chen. "High-sensitivity electrochemical seismometers relying on parylene-based microelectrodes." In 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2017.8017120.

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Maeda, Y., K. Asakawa, K. Obana, and I. Terada. "Super-deep-sea ocean bottom seismometers using ceramic spheres." In 2013 IEEE International Underwater Technology Symposium (UT 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ut.2013.6519902.

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Reports on the topic "Seismometers"

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Bowman, Daniel. Tethered Aerostat Effects on Nearby Seismometers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1412090.

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Garcia, Caesar, Guclu Onaran, Brad Avenson, and Neal Hall. MICRO-SEISMOMETERS VIA ADVANCED MESO-SCALE FABRICATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163476.

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Hart, Darren M., and Bion J. Merchant. Evaluation of three refurbished Guralp CMG-3TB seismometers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177055.

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Vergino, E. S., and P. R. Passmore. Development, Manufacturing, and Preparation for Serial Production of Low Noise Seismometers Final Report CRADA No. TC02096.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1378533.

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Vergino, E. Development, Manufacturing, and Preparation for Serial Production of Low Noise Seismometers Final Report CRADA No. TC02096.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061527.

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Taylor, Oliver-Denzil, Amy Cunningham,, Robert Walker, Mihan McKenna, Kathryn Martin, and Pamela Kinnebrew. The behaviour of near-surface soils through ultrasonic near-surface inundation testing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41826.

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Seismometers installed within the upper metre of the subsurface can experience significant variability in signal propagation and attenuation properties of observed arrivals due to meteorological events. For example, during rain events, both the time and frequency representations of observed seismic waveforms can be significantly altered, complicating potential automatic signal processing efforts. Historically, a lack of laboratory equipment to explicitly investigate the effects of active inundation on seismic wave properties in the near surface prevented recreation of the observed phenomena in a controlled environment. Presented herein is a new flow chamber designed specifically for near-surface seismic wave/fluid flow interaction phenomenology research, the ultrasonic near-surface inundation testing device and new vp-saturation and vs-saturation relationships due to the effects of matric suction on the soil fabric.
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Wilcock, William S., and David K. Mellinger. An Investigation of Fin and Blue Whales in the NE Pacific Ocean using Data from Cascadia Initiative Ocean Bottom Seismometers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618044.

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Berndt, Christian. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX: Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_57_20.

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SO277 OMAX served two scientific projects. The objectives of the first project, SMART, were to develop multi-disciplinary methodologies to detect, quantify, and model offshore groundwater reservoirs in regions dominated by carbonate geology such as the Mediterranean Sea. To this end we acquired controlled-source electromagnetic, seismic, hydroacoustic, geochemical, seafloor imagery data off Malta. Preliminary evaluation of the geophysical data show that there are resisitivity anomalies that may represent offshore freshwater aquifers. The absence of evidence for offshore springs means that these aquifers would be confined and that it will be difficult to use them in a sustainable manner. The objective of the second project, MAPACT-ETNA, is to monitor the flank of Etna volcano on Sicily which is slowly deforming seaward. Here, we deployed six seafloor geodesy stations and six ocean bottom seismometers for long-term observation (1-3 years). In addition, we mapped the seafloor off Mt. Etna and off the island of Stromboli to constrain the geological processes that control volcanic flank stability.
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Rembold, Randy Kai, Darren M. Hart, and James Mark Harris. Geotech Smart24 data acquisition system input terminated noise seismic response adjusted test : StreckeisenSTS2-low and high gain, Guralp CMG3T and Geotech GS13 seismometers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004378.

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Costley, D., Luis De Jesús Díaz,, Sarah McComas, Christopher Simpson, James Johnson, and Mihan McKenna. Multi-objective source scaling experiment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40824.

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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) performed an experiment at a site near Vicksburg, MS, during May 2014. Explosive charges were detonated, and the shock and acoustic waves were detected with pressure and infrasound sensors stationed at various distances from the source, i.e., from 3 m to 14.5 km. One objective of the experiment was to investigate the evolution of the shock wave produced by the explosion to the acoustic wavefront detected several kilometers from the detonation site. Another objective was to compare the effectiveness of different wind filter strategies. Toward this end, several sensors were deployed near each other, approximately 8 km from the site of the explosion. These sensors used different types of wind filters, including the different lengths of porous hoses, a bag of rocks, a foam pillow, and no filter. In addition, seismic and acoustic waves produced by the explosions were recorded with seismometers located at various distances from the source. The suitability of these sensors for measuring low-frequency acoustic waves was investigated.
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