Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sel – Effets physiologiques'
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Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôle des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18343.
Full textVoisin, Aurore. "LES ENKÉPHALINES ET LA NEUROBIOLOGIE DU SEL Caractérisation électrophysiologique, neuroanatomique et fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29978/29978.pdf.
Full textIn rats, extracellular sodium (Na+) variations are detected by neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MNPO) due to the presence of NaX channels. First, we wanted to determine the electrical properties of MnPO Na+ sensor neurons using electrophysiological recordings. We demonstrate an increase in the excitability of Na+ sensors, probably due to a decrease in ionic channels responsible for spike frequency adaptation and an increase in the ionic channels sustaining time-dependent membrane rectification. Since our laboratory demonstrated a modulation of Na+ sensors excitability by enkephalins (ENK) and mu-opioid receptors (mu-OR) system for an acute sodium deficit, so we wanted to demonstrate an enhancement in this neuronal excitability during repeated sodium depletion. Our results demonstrate that repeated sodium depletion induced desensitization of Na+ sensors and NaX channels expression. However, Na+ sensors show a hyperexcitability in response to three Na+ deficits that appears to be mitigated by the overexpression of functional mu-OR. Then, we wanted to determine the brain regions releasing ENK within the MNPO by injecting a fluorescent retrograde tracer. Our data report the parabrachial nucleus and the nucleus of solitary tract as the main ENK sources to MNPO; the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and the paraventricular nucleus as moderate ENK projections. This ENK release could initiate salt appetite in response to sodium deficit. Since salt appetite is a motivated behavior and some studies reported an enhanced salt appetite named salt sensitization, so we wanted to correlate ENK and/or mu-OR expression in reward circuit and salt sensitization. We show that salt sensitization is not a universal phenomenon in rats and that it is correlated with a decreased mu-OR expression in the ventral pallidum (VP). In addition, mu-OR expression in the VP is a fundamental requisite to the development of salt sensitization.
Baliarda, Aurélie. "Evaluation de la réponse au stress chez les bactéries lactiques appartenant aux genres Pédiococcus et Tétragénococcus : approches physiologiques et génétiques." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12747.
Full textBerthon, Nathalie. "Endothéline-1 et hypertension minéralocorticoi͏̈de DOCA-sel chez le rat : les effets d'une supplémentation alimentaire en magnésium." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3005.
Full textThe relationship between Mg and arterial hypertension is well established. While Mg deficiency is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, oral Mg supplementation seems to prevent the development of hypertensive diseases. However, preventive values of Mg in the management of arterial hypertension is unclear. The peptide endothelin-l plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, particularly in experimental DOCA-salt hypertension. One of the purposes of this work is to study the effect of dietary Mg supplementation on endothelin-l in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, in order to explain the preventing effect of Mg on DOCA-salt hypertension. The findings show that Mg supplementation, reduces renal, cardiac and vascular hypertrophies, improves mechanical and contractile properties of conductance and resistance arteries, and attenuates development of DOCA-salt arterial hypertension. Ln the second part of this study, it is demonstrated that beneficial effects of Mg supplementation require an action on ET-1. Dietary Mg supplementation normalizes ET-I vasoconstrictor properties, and prevents elevation of ET-I mRNA and ET-I peptide levels observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Finally, treatment With a receptor ETA antagonist, ABT-627, shows that the beneficial effect of Mg supplementation on DOCA-salt hypertension is mediated via an interaction With ET1. Ln conclusion, the Iowering effect of Mg supplementation on blood pressure requires an action of Mg on ET-I production and/or ET-I activity in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats
Nublat-Levigneron, Aurélie. "Identification de mutants d'accumulation foliaire de sodium chez "Arabidopsis thaliana"." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20093.
Full textEl, Babili Mohammed. "Métabolisme branchial de la sphingomyéline et transport du sodium chez deux espèces euryhalines : Dicentrarchus labrax et Carcinus maenas : influence de la température et de la salinté." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10339.
Full textCastillo, René. "Répercussions des processus biologiques, de la nourriture et de certains facteurs écologiques sur le métabolisme des pigments caroténoi͏̈des du crustacé décapode anomoure "Clibanarius erythropus" (Latreille, 1818)." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20068.
Full textDesroys, du Roure François. "Influence de la concentration en chlorure de sodium sur l'inhibition de la thrombine par l'antithrombine III en présence d'héparine standard et de trois héparines de bas poids moléculaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P010.
Full textThabet, Rahma. "Mécanismes d'acclimatation et d'adaptation moléculaire des crustacés à la salinité." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1012.
Full textThe aim of our investigations was to increase your understanding of the mechanisms of crustacean’s response to salinity changes. We revealed that, in the Sfax solar saltern, the copepods and branchiopod abundances are mainly regulated by salinity and temperature. Experiments in the laboratory allowed defining the optimum of salinity for the most abundant copepod species (Bryocamptus sp, Oithona nana, Pararcartia grani) and for the branchiopod Artemia salina. An biochemical approach focused on Artemia salina (euryhaline species) showed that he ensured his energy uptake for osmoregulation by the regulation of their internal protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. In addition, antioxidative reactions are induced to compensate the physiological disruption. A review of bibliography allowed revealing that the transmembrane pump Na+/ K+ ATPase is primordial for the cellular osmolality regulation. The structural analyses of the gene, mRNA and proteins coding alpha subunit in invertebrates showed : i) the existence of a unique gene (except for nematodes), ii) variability in the number and length of introns, iii) an alternative splicing phenomen, and iiii) high conservation of the ten transmembrane protein domains. Finally, a comparative study of the activity Na+/K+ ATPase for two crayfish species (Astacus astacus, native European species; Procambarus clarkia, alien American species) during salt stress demonstrated that only the invasive species have high Na+/K+ ATPase activity; which can explain its ability to colonize various environments
Guissi, Abderrafie. "Influence des facteurs écologiques sur des populations larvaires de loup "Dicentrarchus labrax" (L. ) et de daurade "Sparus auratus" (Poissons Téléostéens) en élevage intensif." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20239.
Full textGaillard, Emmanuelle. "Étude des relations entre le manganèse et l'activité du système cardiovasculaire chez le rat normotendu et le rat soumis à une hypertension minéralocorticoïde DOCA-sel." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESAA001.
Full textAl, Naser Osama. "Effet des conditions environnementales sur les caratéristiques morpho-physiologiques et la teneur en métabolites secondaires chez Inula montana : une plante de la médecine traditionnelle Provençale." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0341/document.
Full textThis thesis work is part of a regional project, initiated by the Luberon Park and in collaboration with the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology of the University of Marseille. It aimed to study the possibility of domesticating a wild plant, Inula montana L. (Asteraceae) known in the Provençal pharmacopoeia for its anti-traumatic effects similar to those of Arnica montana L. and to propose it as a new agricultural production. Inula montana produces lactones sesquiterpenes, identified as the secondary metabolites responsible for its biological anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 1) to determine the growth and development characteristics of the largely unknown wild plant and to identify under natural conditions the most favorable factors for the production of secondary metabolites, 2) to study its characteristics. ability to multiply vegetatively in vitro and to form cell cultures able to synthesize the molecules of interest 3), to propose an agronomically applicable technical itinerary and 4) to test the effects of various environmental factors (fertilization, NaCl supply, modification circadian rhythm of illumination, UVB radiation, ablation of leaves, application of methyl jasmonate) on the qualitative and quantitative production of sesquiterpene lactones and phenolic compounds. The phenological characteristics of the wild plant are impacted by the altitude which induces a delay in the vegetative growth and the reproductive phase as well as physiological and morphological modifications. Levels of secondary metabolites (certain sesquiterpene lactones, total polyphenols and flavonoids) vary according to the season and are more important in the site which has the most water-constraining climatic conditions (draining soil, higher temperature and presence of a dry period in summer). Microscopic observation indicated the presence of two types of trichomes: glandular (biseriate) and non-glandular (hair) which are potentially the carrying structures of the molecules of interest. I. montana is able to form calli in vitro from root, foliar and shoot explants on which leafy shoots are formed. The domestication of Inula has been successful from seed from wild plants and under agronomic conditions, sesquiterpene lactone (costunolide, artemorine, eldarin and hydrocostunolide) and phenolic compounds are generally higher than in wild plants. The different constraints applied to test the effects of environmental factors on the production of metabolites have shown: 1) that there can be no correlation between the presence of oxidative stress and an increase in metabolite levels in Inula 2) that the accumulation of lactones and phenolic compounds seems mainly favored when the plant has a surplus of carbon skeletons, not used for growth; 3) finally, the two most favorable conditions for the accumulation of metabolites in Inula, are: in the leaves, a rapid alternation of light and darkness during the photoperiod and in the flower heads, the application of methyl jasmonate. This work augurs good prospects in terms of valuation of Inula in the pharmaco-cosmetological sector. It remains to continue the description of the phytochemical profile of the plant and to precisely locate the organs and / or anatomical substructures concentrating the compounds in question. Having demonstrated that this plant has a good response to domestication, it is also proposed to continue the study of environmental levers likely to positively and significantly influence the chemical profile of Inula
Sanogo, Tibogo Tiono. "Étude de l'activité des protéases dans un milieu complexe : Application au modèle caséine alpha ::(S)1-Papaine en milieu alinN." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10416.
Full textHussain, Sajjad. "Caractérisation physiologique de génotypres d'agrumes : études de tolérance au stress salin et impacts de la présence de porte-greffes zygotiques et autotétraploïdes." Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0001.
Full textCitrus are classified among the most sensitive tree crops to salt stress. However, strong diversity exists for this trait in the citrus gene pool e. G. Poncirus trifoliata (L. ) Raf. Is highly susceptible while Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tan. (Cleopatra mandarin) is one of the most tolerant genotype. Usual strategy to improve the resistance of rootstocks is based on hybridization between parent sharing complementary interesting characters. One other way to gain a salt stress tolerance for rootstocks is related to tetraploidy by chromosome doubling. Therefore genetic and physiological analysis for salt stress tolerance of any genotype is required for breeding programs and selection of more adapted varieties. We initiated studies combining genetic approaches (genome mapping) as well as physiological approaches related to the diversity of the citrus group in order to be able to correlate the specific phenotypical traits of tolerance for different citrus genotypes with their genome expression in the future. A F2 population resulting from self pollination of hybrid F1 (C. Reshni x P. Trifoliata) was created, and the segregation of 135 SSR markers plus 4 candidate genes was studied allowing establishing of 15 linkage groups. A majority of the markers (57%) showing skewed segregation probably due to the intergenric chromosome pairing during meiosis of the hybrid parent. Furthermore, markers colinearity was respected by comparing this map to the reference clementine genetic map. In the meantime, we tested salt stress tolerance of twenty two citrus genotypes representing the citrus diversity among the more usual scions and rootstocks. The different genotypes were then subjected to salt stress. Physiological parameters such as growth rate, chlorophyll content, total phenolic compounds content, quantum yield of PSII electron transport, stomatal conductance as well as photosynthesis rate were monitored along the stress. Different physiological behaviors for salt stress tolerance depending of the citrus species were observed suggesting existence of different mechanisms for salt stress tolerance. Citrons were the most sensitive while all mandarins and pummelo were tolerant. All genotypes affected by salt stress were characterized by chlorosis symptom induction, chloride and sodium accumulation in leaves and by the change of physiological parameters. Specific profile of tolerance was associated with photosynthesis maintaining even though lower values of stomatal conductance were observed. In the mean time, plant growth was maintained with chloride and sodium accumulations. Some species such as grapefruits showed at the end of the assay an extended leaf drop completed by a growth of new leaf that we interpreted as a response of adaptation. Work conducted by CIRAD showed that use of tetraploid rootstocks lead to increase salt stress and water deficit tolerance properties in citrus. Therefore, it was interesting to characterize the impact of the presence of zygotic or tetraploid rootstocks on yields and fruit quality parameters related to the tree physiology. Results we obtained suggest that the presence of zygotic rootstocks did not affect the average yields of fruit for any given genotype. On the contrary, tetraploid rootstocks decreases dramatically fruit production without changing the quality of fruit when compared to the use of diploid rootstocks. The physiology of the tree of two rootstocks at the diploid and tetraploid level was also analyzed. Results suggest that the reduced growth of tetraploid rootstock / clementine associations was due to a more limited photosynthesis. However, the maximum electron flow rate under saturated light was found to be higher in leaves of clementine grafted on tetraploid rootstock suggesting that tetraploid rootstocks confer a greater adaptive capacity of photosynthesis to environmental conditions
Sagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
Full textThe company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
Coulonges, Florence. "Redécouverte d'une eau minérale bicarbonatée mixte : étude chez le volontaire sain de la fonction rénale, des paramètres glucido-lipidiques et des effets eupeptiques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M008.
Full textMorabito, Domenico. "Effet d'une contrainte saline sur la réponse physiologique de clones d'eucalyptus microtheca cultives en serre et in vitro." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10127.
Full textMasmoudi, Salma. "Dynamique du phytoplancton et caractérisation physiologique et moléculaire de trois espèces autotrophes de la saline de Sfax(Tunisie), un milieu extrémophile." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1015/document.
Full textThe saltern of Sfax is a thalasso haline environment (salt medium supplied with sea water) plankton-rich despite the high salinity and the high light intensity. This richness is due to its physico-chemical characteristics. The STATICO analysis shows that nitrogen and phosphorus can influence the distribution of the phytoplankton in addition to salinity that dominates in this peculiar medium. Basing on this parameter, we could group the species according to their salt tolerance. To better understand the behavior of the phytoplankton, three autotrophic species Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae) Cylindrotheca closterium (diatom) and Phormidiumversicolor (Cyanophycea) were isolated, identified and grown in batch in artificialseawater in the presence of three NaCI concentrations and under three irradiations. Growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured. The photosynthetic apparatus of the Chlorophyceae and the cyanobacteriumwas less affected than the diatom’s one that was irreversibly altered under high illumination and the highest salinity ; the antioxidant activity was only detected in cells grown under the highest irradiance and the synthesis of carotenoid pigments, that are non-enzymatic antioxidants,was strongly activated especially in D.salina. Salinity and light inter-reacted on the physiology of the three species that possess resistance mechanisms to stresses more or less effective, resulting in different resistance to environmental stresses depending on species
Pin, Jean-Philippe. "Interaction glutamate/GABA : mécanismes et pharmacologie de la libération de GABA des neurones de striatum en culture primaire : effets des acides aminés excitateurs." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20211.
Full textIbrahim, Ali. "Microscopie linéaire et non linéaire pour étude de stress chez les copépodes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10209.
Full textCopepods are small crustaceans with length about 1mm in adult stage. Their responses to different external strain factors such as salinity and temperature can be observed at different scales from genes to organism (individual). Until now, no observation of the effects of temperature or salinity stresses on copepods has been done by light microscopy In this work we exploited optical imaging techniques and specifically nonlinear microscopy linear and nonlinear. First of all CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy) allow studying, characterisation and quantifying stress effect applied on calanoid Pseudodiaptomus marinus copepod maintained during several generations in the laboratory at favorable and stable condition of salinity (30 psu) and temperature (18° C). These stresses applied were: a sharp decrease in temperature (18 to 4°C), a moderate and a major decrease in salinity (from 30 respectively to 15 psu and 0 psu), and finally a mixed stress with a decrease both in temperature and salinity (from 18°C and 30 psu to 4°C and 0 psu). Our observations are concentrated on copepod muscles regions.This study has been completed with SHG/TPEF techniques to answer some questions about stripes disappearance. This technique was followed by Fourier transformation (FFT) applied on the stripes muscles profiles to more understanding about stripes situations in each stress. Finally, we applied CARS microscopy which was developed in our laboratory to image these samples. With this technique we were able to identify these muscles stripes and also lipid reserves
Rachman, Laura. "The "other-voice" effect : how speaker identity and language familiarity influence the way we process emotional speech." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS280.
Full textThe human voice is a powerful tool to convey emotions. Humans hear voices on a daily basis and are able to rapidly extract relevant information to successfully interact with others. The theoretical aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of familiarity on emotional voice processing. Chapters 2 and 3 present behavioral and electrophysiological studies investigating how self- versus non self-produced voices influence the processing of emotional speech utterances. By contrasting self and other, familiarity is here assessed at a personal level. The results of Chapter 2 show a dissociation of explicit and implicit processing of the self-voice. While explicit discrimination of an emotional self-voice and other-voice was somewhat impaired, implicit self-processing prompted a self-advantage in emotion recognition and speaker discrimination. Chapter 3 reports a prioritization for the non-self voice in the processing of emotional and low-level acoustic changes, reflected in faster electrophysiological (EEG) and behavioral responses. In Chapter 4, the effect of voice familiarity on is assessed at a larger sociocultural scale by comparing speech utterances in the native and a foreign language. Taken together, this thesis highlights some ways in which the ‘otherness’ of a voice - whether a non-self speaker or a foreign language speaker - is processed with a higher priority on the one hand, but with less acoustic precision on the other hand
Pol, Bodetto Sarah. "Rôle de la protéine phosphatase 1 dans les mécanismes d’action de la cocaïne et implication des modifications épigénétiques dans sa régulation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ101/document.
Full textRepeated intake of drugs of abuse is known to induce brain plasticity, which may underlie the development of drug addiction. Protein phosphatase type-1 (PP1) is one of the key proteins involved in brain plasticity mechanisms. We therefore studied its regulation in response to repeated cocaine intake by rats. The gene encoding the β catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1Cβ) was found to be repressed by chronic cocaine treatment, through a mechanism involving DNA methylation of the PP1Cβ 5’-end followed by the recruitment of the methyl binding protein Mecp2. This repression was observed in the major brain structures of the reward system and probably favors the phosphorylation state of NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic receptors and of CREB transcriptionfactor, thus further increasing cocaine effects. PP1 is also known as a negative regulator of memory formation. Its repression by cocaine may therefore potentiate the ‘memorization’ of cocaine-related habits and context. PP1Cβ expression was next compared in response to passive vs voluntary cocaine injections in an operant intravenous cocaine self-administration paradigm. Surprisingly, a similar repression of PP1Cβ was found, independently on the cocaine administration mode. A completely different pattern of expression was observed when cocaine administration was replaced by food intake, as PP1Cβ expression was increased during food operant self-administration, but not in response to passive food delivery. Taken together, our data suggest that PP1Cβ participates to the differential neuroadaptations induced by drugs of abuse and natural rewards. They shed somenew light on the long-term mechanisms induced by drugs of abuse
Roussey, Gilles. "Optimisation des stratégies d’acclimatation à la chaleur : impact sur les réponses psychophysiologiques à l’exercice." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4224/document.
Full textThe increasing number of major sport events that will take place in hot and/or tropical environments justify the current scientific interest in the effects of heat strain on endurance performance. During a prolonged self-paced exercise, it is well known that the subjectively perceived effort is higher as the ambient temperature increases and the performance level decreases. A repeated exposure to the heat in ecological and/or simulated exercise conditions may counteract the subsequent deleterious effects. However, the discrepancy between guidelines from scientific research and training priorities of well-trained athletes causes a lack of interest in these methods. Therefore, we aimed through the current thesis work to improve the current knowledge about heat acclimation strategies, more precisely about i) its effects on athlete’s performance capacity and ii) the optimization of training load monitoring and building. To shed light on these issues, we proposed to our trained and/or well-trained subjects to cycle at a fixed RPE first in an experimental framework, and then during a training program. We submit that the self-regulation of fixed-RPE exercise work rate depends not only of perceived exertion but also on emotional and motivational parameters. The first study aimed to compare the performance of technical devices for core temperature monitoring in ecological conditions (i.e. gastrointestinal point vs. forehead point from a zero-heat-flux sensor). Results showed that zero-heat-flux measurements might be considered as relevant during exercise. In this way, some opportunities may be considered for the monitoring of body temperature during field-based exercise. The second study investigated the subsequent effects of repeated strenuous training sessions and logistical constraints during a heat camp (i.e. higher mental fatigue) on perceived exertion and endurance performance. Despite the lack of combined effects from the prior cognitive task and the ambient condition during exercise, skin temperature and underlying heat sensation impact the linear decrease of power output at RPE-15 (hot vs. neutral: -0,022 vs. -0,008 W.kg-1.min-1). Lastly, the third study suggested an interest for self-regulated high intensities, associated with a decrease of the total exposure duration (-23%), during a short-term heat acclimation protocol (i.e. 5 days). However, the slighter effect on the improvement of performance in comparison with a classic constant-power training program, (HIT vs. constant-power: 1,4 vs. 2,8 %) provides scope for the building of training load (i.e. volume vs. intensity) in this context. In summary, the overall results of this thesis work open some perspectives for individualizing or adapting heat acclimation strategies to sport-specific conditions
Rusnac, Natalia. "Comparaison sociale dans le contexte du risque chez des participants sains et en privation chronique de sommeil : impact sur l'auto-évaluation, les affects et le comportement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG044/document.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD research was to study the consequences of social comparison on implicit and explicit self-evaluation in terms of cautiousness, on affect and on risk-taking behavior. In a series of studies, participants were exposed to a comparison standard who displayed either cautious (high standard) or reckless (low standard) drinking behavior. Results show that participants confronted with the high standard implicitly perceive themselves as more reckless and experience higher levels of anxiety than participants exposed to the low standard. On the other hand, the comparison standard does not influence explicit self-evaluation and controlled behaviors. These results indicate that there might be a dissociation between automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) processes involved in social comparison. On an applied level, regarding alcohol prevention campaigns, our findings suggest that it could be more effective to show a cautious standard rather than a reckless one
Jeanjean, Maxime. "Pollution atmosphérique et déclenchement de poussées de sclérose en plaques, investigation au niveau individuel." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B003.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Causes are multifactorial enrolling both genetic predisposition and influence of environmental factors. In 85% of cases, patients experience relapse corresponding to the occurrence of neurologic signs, followed by a phase of partial or total remission. Several studies put forth the hypothesis that relapses rate varies across season, mainly occurring during spring and summer. This temporal fluctuation raised the question of season-dependent parameters influence such as sunlight exposure and vitamin D, melatonin level or ambient air pollution. Considering this variation of air pollution, we explored the short-term impact of fine particles (PM10), benzene (C6H6), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone (O3), on the risk of relapse triggering, separately for "cold" (i.e., October-March) and "hot" (April-September) season. This work has drawn from data of patients provided by the alSacEP network. We included 424 patients affected with remitting MS onset who experienced 1,783 relapses over the 2000-2009 period. Daily level of air pollution was modeled through ADMS-Urban software at the census block scale of the Strasbourg metropolitan area (AASQA ATMO Grand Est). Furthermore, an individual survey was conducted among all the patients (PT) in order to collect individual socioeconomic (SES) and lifestyle features. Finally, the census block SES position was estimated using a composite deprivation index - created from the INSEE census data. A short-term (3 days preceding the relapse) seasonal adverse effect was observed in PT, in particular during exposure to O3 in "hot" season and PM10 and NO2 in "cold" season. Results also suggest that the SES context might exacerbate these associations, in particular among patients who were living in deprived neighborhood with exposure to PM10, NO2, C6H6 and CO ("cold) and those who were living in most well-of and deprived places with exposure to O3 ("hot"). Finally, we observed among Ps that low education level, average family income, smoking and lack of physical activity are more associated with the risk of relapse triggering when patients were exposed to air pollution. This work shows the need to investigate environmental exposure such as air pollution along the SEP course using a holistic approach integrating individual and contextual factors
Garzon, Mauricio Julio. "Effet de l'immersion sur le coût bioénergétique de pédalage sur ergocycle aquatique et détermination des équivalences lors du pédalage sur terrain sec." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2836/1/M11337.pdf.
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