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Šubrtová, Klára. "Vybrané činnosti ve výstavbě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233205.
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This thesis focuses on the specification of specified construction activities, explaining the concepts related to this basic legislation. Here are given duties and responsibilities of authorized persons during the construction process. The description of qualifications that are needed for various activities in the construction industry is also included. This paper describes practical examples for a better understanding of this issue.
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Garis, Sargon. "Sedimentation of stormwater from construction activities." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224318.
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Vattenhantering i infrastrukturprojekt är ett viktigt ämne eftersom det kan påverka den omgivande miljön på ett negativt sätt. I projekt med förorenat mark kan vattnet innehålla allt från metaller till polyaromatiska kolväten, vilket medför svårigheter att hantera. Vattenföroreningarna orsakas av utgrävning, grundläggning, injektering, betonggjutning och bergsprängning. Vattnet kan delvis bildas av regnvatten som faller på byggarbetsplatsen eller genom schaktning under grundvattennivån. Det vatten som genom pumpning avleds från en arbetsplats eller uppfodras är känt som länsvatten. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur urvalet och tillämpningen av metoder för länsvatten kan förenklas och optimeras för att passa svenska förhållanden. Vidare är syftet att utvärdera hur informationen om olika tekniker är relaterad till hur entreprenörer arbetar i praktiken under vissa förhållanden. Avhandlingen består av tre delar. Den första delen är en teoretisk beskrivning av svenska lagar och utsläppskrav som gäller för länsvatten, vanliga reningsmetoder som används och hantering av länsvatten i Washington. Den andra delen är en fallstudie med ett studiebesök på byggarbetsplatsen Marieholmförbindelsen. Den tredje delen består av analytiska beräkningar och jämförelser mot provdata. Resultaten visar att vanliga container behållare bör endast användas för sedimentering av sandpartiklar eftersom ytområdet är begränsat vilket ger en kortare sedimenteringstid. De har också en begränsad flödeskapacitet vilket måste tas till hänsyn för att få en effektiv sedimentering. Specifika krav på övervakning och underhåll av container behållare bör finnas för entreprenören. I fall med mindre partiklar som till exempel silt bör användning av container behållare uteslutas, förutom vid användnings som försedimenteringssteg. Resultaten visar även att vid sedimentering av partiklar mindre än medelsilt är det nödvändigt med en uppehållstid på minst 10 timmar. Uppehållstiden kan däremot skilja sig från 10 timmar till allt uppemot 100 timmar för till exempel fin silt, som har en partikelstorlek mellan 0,0063 mm-0,002 mm. För lera skulle detta innebära en uppehållstid på minst 100 timmar vilket motsvarar mer än 4 dagar. Genom att använda traditionell sedimentering som reningsteknik skulle man antingen behöva ett stort sedimentationsområde eller ett mycket lågt flöde. Detta innebär att traditionell sedimentering är orimlig att använda sig av på grund av ekonomiska aspekter, rymdbegränsningar och effektivitet. Baserad på resultat och slutsatser, föreslås följande rekommendationer: •Vanliga container behållare som kräver hög underhållning och övervakning, rekommenderas inte att användas i större utsträckning än som ett försedimenteringssteg för partiklar som är mindre än grovsilt som har en partikeldiameter mellan 0,02-0,063 mm. •Det är viktigt att ha en helhetssyn genom att skapa tydliga riktlinjer för entreprenörerna. •Det är lämpligt att använda den hydrauliska effekten, A, för att säkerställa en korrekt konfiguration och god separationskapacitet.Water management in infrastructure projects is an important topic since it could affect the surrounding environment in a negative way. In projects with contaminated land, the water could contain everything from metals to polyaromatic hydrocarbons which entails difficulties in managing. The water can be formed partly by rainwater that falls on the construction site or by excavation below the water level. The water pollution is caused by excavation, foundation, grouting, concrete castings and rock blasting. This water is known as stormwater discharges from construction activities. The aim of the thesis is to investigate how the selection and application of methods for stormwater management from construction activities can be simplified and optimized in order to suit Swedish conditions. Further the aim is to evaluate how the information available about different techniques relates to how the contractors work in practice under some conditions. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part theoretical description of Swedish laws and requirements dealing with stormwater discharge from construction activities, common purification methods that are used and management of stormwater discharge in the state Washington. The second part is a case study with a study visit at the construction site of Marieholmförbindelsen. The third part consists of analytical calculations and comparisons to measured data. The results show that regular containers should only be used to sediment sand particles since the surface area is limited which gives a reduced sedimentation time. They also have a limited flow capacity, which must be followed to work properly. The requirement of self-monitoring and maintenance for the contractor should be increased. In other cases, with smaller particles to settle such as silt, regular containers should not be used greater than as a pre-sedimentation step. The results also show that for sedimentation of particles smaller than medium silt it is necessary with a residence time of minimum 10 hours. This means that for the soil type fine silt, which has a particle range between 0.0063mm-0.002mm, the residence time can differs between 10-100 hours. For the soil type clay this would mean a residence time of at least 100 hours which equals more than 4 days. By using traditional sedimentation as purification technique one would either need a huge sedimentation area or a very small flow. Either of these solutions is unreasonable due to economic aspects, space limitations and efficiency. Based on the results and conclusions, the following recommendations can be proposed: •Regular containers demands a high maintenance and self-monitoring, and isn’t recommended to use in greater occurrence than as a pre-sedimentation step for particles smaller than course silt, which has a particle diameter between 0.02-0.063mm. •Use a holistic approach by creating clear guidelines for the contractors. •Use the hydraulic efficiency, λ, to ensure a proper configuration and a good separation capacity.
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Kim, Tae-youn. "Trends of selected construction industry practices /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008368.
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Zinn, Marcus. "Service-based automation of software construction activities." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2862.
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The reuse of software units, such as classes, components and services require professional knowledge to be performed. Today a multiplicity of different software unit technologies, supporting tools, and related activities used in reuse processes exist. Each of these relevant reuse elements may also include a high number of variations and may differ in the level and quality of necessary reuse knowledge. In such an environment of increasing variations and, therefore, an increasing need for knowledge, software engineers must obtain such knowledge to be able to perform software unit reuse activities. Today many different reuse activities exist for a software unit. Some typical knowledge intensive activities are: transformation, integration, and deployment. In addition to the problem of the amount of knowledge required for such activities, other difficulties also exist. The global industrial environment makes it challenging to identify sources of, and access to, knowledge. Typically, such sources (e.g., repositories) are made to search and retrieve information about software unitsand not about the required reuse activity knowledge for a special unit. Additionally, the knowledge has to be learned by inexperienced software engineers and, therefore, to be interpreted. This interpretation may lead to variations in the reuse result and can differ from the estimated result of the knowledge creator. This makes it difficult to exchange knowledge between software engineers or global teams. Additionally, the reuse results of reuse activities have to be repeatable and sustainable. In such a scenario, the knowledge about software reuse activities has to be exchanged without the above mentioned problems by an inexperienced software engineer. The literature shows a lack of techniques to store and subsequently distribute relevant reuse activity knowledge among software engineers. The central aim of this thesis is to enable inexperienced software engineers to use knowledge required to perform reuse activities without experiencing the aforementioned problems. The reuse activities: transformation, integration, and deployment, have been selected as the foundation for the research. Based on the construction level of handling a software unit, these activities are called Software Construction Activities (SCAcs) throughout the research. To achieve the aim, specialised software construction activity models have been created and combined with an abstract software unit model. As a result, different SCAc knowledge is described and combined with different software unit artefacts needed by the SCAcs. Additionally, the management (e.g., the execution of an SCAc) will be provided in a service-oriented environment. Because of the focus on reuse activities, an approach which avoids changing the knowledge level of software engineers and the abstraction view on software units and activities, the object of the investigation differs from other approaches which aim to solve the insufficient reuse activity knowledge problem. The research devised novel abstraction models to describe SCAcs as knowledge models related to the relevant information of software units. The models and the focused environment have been created using standard technologies. As a result, these were realised easily in a real world environment. Softwareengineers were able to perform single SCAcs without having previously acquired the necessary knowledge. The risk of failing reuse decreases because single activities can be performed. The analysis of the research results is based on a case study. An example of a reuse environmenthas been created and tested in a case study to prove the operational capability of the approach. The main result of the research is a proven concept enabling inexperienced software engineers to reuse software units by reusing SCAcs. The research shows the reduction in time for reuse and a decrease of learning effort is significant.
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Barrett, Peter. "Practice management in selected construction-related professions." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235535.
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Nguyen, Thi Lan Chi. "Protocol for characterizing contaminant emissions during construction activities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59297.pdf.
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Morrow, Tommy Kirk. "Effects of selected practices on project cost performances /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Dodds, Carol. "The residential construction industry : problems in shifting from new construction to renovation activities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25380.
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This thesis studies the response of the residential construction industry to the growing market for residential renovation, and its ability and willingness to transfer operations into renovation activities. The industry includes firms specializing in land development, new house-building, speculative and contract renovation projects. The thesis is concerned with the inherent industry constraints in meeting housing demand.
The increasing importance of residential renovation relative to new housing construction is examined. A review of the new residential and renovation sectors follows, comparing and contrasting the nature and characteristics of both sectors. It is found that small and medium-sized firms within the new residential construction sector are most able to enter into residential renovation activities.
The thesis reveals that the industry has so far shown a small scale response to the potential market for residential renovation, and has been inhibited by a number of barriers to entry. These include rigidities in the institutional approach to the residential renovation construction process. Other barriers arise from the inherent differences between renovation and new construction activities. Proposals are made to facilitate a more effective and efficient renovation construction process. These should induce the industry to be more able and willing to adjust to the increased pace and scale of residential renovation activity expected in the future. In turn, the maintenance and rejuvenation of the existing housing stock will be facilitated in accordance with future housing demand.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Saleh, Ali. "Anti-hyperlipidemic activities of Ilex latifolia and other selected herbs." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1131/.
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Hyperlipidemia is defined by abnormally elevated levels of one or more lipids such as cholesterol or triglycerides in the bloodstream. It also involves elevated levels of lipoproteins especially LDL-cholesterol and this is the most common form of dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is the result of complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Hyperlipidemia is the main cause of congestive heart diseases in adulthood. It is also the main cause of atherosclerosis which is the pathophysiological cause of vascular diseases such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and stroke. It occurs due to disorders in lipid metabolism including elevation in cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, or triglyceride, or due to low levels of high density lipoprotein. Lifestyle is the main factor in prevention of hyperlipidemia. If lifestyle is not beneficial in the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidemia, drug therapy is required. Statins, fibrates, nicotinic acid bile acid sequestrants, and ezetimibe are approved drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Because of the tolerability problems, side effects, and low effectiveness of some of these drugs, discovery of new drugs is explored and investigated. Herbal products are not well explored as an alternative treatment for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Ilex latifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for decades for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and for weight loss. Prunella vulgaris, Rheum palmatum, and Panax notoginseng have been also used in traditional Chinese medicine. Very little work has been published about the effect of Ilex latifolia on hyperlipidemia. In this research project, Ilex latifolia hypolipidemic effect was compared to several herbs effects by assaying the effect of the extracts on pancreatic lipase. Ilex latifolia was the most active, and the other parts of the project focused on its effect on HMG-CoA reductase expression, and on LDL receptor expression in HepG2 and AML-12 hepatocytes. Ilex latifolia effect on mitochondrial metabolism, and glucose uptake was assayed in HepG2 and AML-12 hepatocytes. Chapter I is an introduction to hyperlipidemia, its types, causes, and treatment. A review of the literature relating to Ilex latifolia and other herbs and herbal compounds is given. Chapter II describes the assay of extracts from several herbs, and herbal compounds, for their inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, using orlistat as a positive control. It also shows that HPLC is more sensitive and accurate than a spectrophotometric assay of lipase. Ilex latifolia showed the most inhibition activity on pancreatic lipase compared to other herbs. Chapter III describes the fractionation of Ilex latifolia and pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of each fraction. Chapter IV describes the effect of Ilex latifolia extract on HMG-CoA reductase expression in HepG2 cells and the effect of Ilex latifolia extract on LDL receptors expression in HepG2 and AML-12 cells. Chapter V describes the effect of Ilex latifolia extracts on cell growth, mitochondrial toxicity, and glucose uptake in HepG2 and AML-12 cells. It also describes the effect of Ilex latifolia extract on ATP production in HepG2 cells. This study has demonstrated for the first time that Ilex latifolia can play a role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia through pancreatic lipase inhibition. Effects on HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and mitochondrial inhibition were not marked, but under some circumstances glucose uptake can be significantly affected. It remains to be seen, using animal studies and other cell culture models, whether inhibition of pancreatic lipase can wholly account for the hypolipidemic activity of Ilex latifolia, or whether other mechanisms may be involved.
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Nkosi, Themba Johan. "Antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants against selected diarrheagenic pathogens." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020759.
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Diarrhea is a global concern that the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have confirmed to be the second major cause of death in children under the age of five. Major bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea include Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Shigella species and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic therapy is recommended depending on the severity and presentation of the disease; however, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an emerging global threat to the ability to treat these bacterial infections. This situation could be overcome by the discovery of new natural antibiotics. Plants have been a source of medicine for centuries and have been used to treat diseases including diarrhea. This makes plants a natural potential target to study for their antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic properties of medicinal plants against known pathogens that cause bacterial diarrhea. Three medicinal plants, Cassia abbreviata, Kigelia africana, and Geranium incanum were investigated for their antimicrobial properties against these strains of microorganisms: American Type Culture Collection (ATTC) and Clinical Strains (CS). The plant materials were ground into powder, which was then dissolved in methanol, acetone and distilled water to extract the active compounds. The plant extracts were then used to (i) determine their antibiotic activity, (ii) determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), (iii) analyze the thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprints, and (iv) analyze the autobiography assay. The results obtained in this study met the aim and objectives of this study. The antimicrobial activities of the selected plants were obtained as discussed in Chapter 2 and 3. These results indicated that the traditional plants could be used as antimicrobials. In the screening assays, the test microorganisms were inhibited by the plant extracts, when they were subjected to plant extracts. This was performed on Mueller Hinton agar as sensitivity testing, which revealed clear zones of inhibition. The MIC values for each plant extract were established which ranged from 0.101 to 13.3 mg/dl. The TLC analysis revealed the spots which contained the active compounds which inhibited the bacterial growth. A bioautography assay was performed on the TLC plates, which exposed the exact spots containing the active compound inhibiting the bacteria. These results are clearly consistent with what former scientists have observed. Detailed explanations on the results are in Chapter 3 and 4 of this paper. It is important to note that all the procedures performed in this study were in vitro assays. Some effective in vitro assay activity may not always result in the same effective in vivo activity, because some active compounds may be metabolized and degraded into inactive metabolites. For this reason, the in vitro results obtained in this study, may not reflect the true effectiveness of the compounds in in vivo trials. It is therefore advised that future scientists should take a step further in analyzing the plant extracts through in vivo assays. Further testing and study on these plants at an advanced molecular level will be beneficial in the medical fields in the search for new antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. Purification and further analysis of their products can be helpful in the production of pure natural medicines. This will discover the active ingredients and compounds responsible for inhibition of the microorganisms. This will make the compounds potential candidates for a scientific validation and analysis for future scientists to bring a new dawn in the fight against infectious diseases.
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Yi, Jiang [Verfasser]. "Systematic research on actinomycetes selected according to biological activities / Yi Jiang." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019866837/34.
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Champion, Susan Michele. "The musical activities found in selected Orff-Schulwerk elementary music classrooms /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2006. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1410676541&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1218549012&clientId=22256.
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Moore, Brian Cameron. "Modeling risk of lunar construction activities : a technology assessment approach." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19032.
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Ahmed, Israt. "The construction of childhood in Monipur : negotiating boundaries through activities." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402680.
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This thesis is an attempt to examine the practice of childhood in a slum in Dhaka called Monipur. Here, the ever changing social context allows both adults and children to negotiate new roles and status. The thesis also examines specific contexts where slum children's activities enable them to share power with adults in the household, making age irrelevant for children's identities. Although the research is based on Bangladesh, it is intended to be a contribution to anthropological debate regarding the cultural construction of childhood. Whereas children are presented in some sociological writings as cultural dopes, my approach here is to study children as social agents who shape and are shaped by the wider socio-political context. The principle aim of this study is to explore discourses of appropriate childhood behaviour and authority structures in the household that position children in a certain way. I show how children display-signs of maturity-through conformity, which empower them with hidden strengths to negotiate with the authority structure in the family. In addition, adults' precarious social position persuades them to be more open and embrace children's new role as contributors. My study concentrates on areas such as: the nature of the domestic economy in the slum, children's bargaining position and new child-centred practices which create new meaning of status and rank. All these factors are crucial for recognizing poor children in Bangladesh in a new way that reflect on their social mobility and modernity. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter on theory and methods and six more empirical chapters, which examine childcare practices, attitudes toward children and children's participation into the adult prescribed world. In chapter 11 outline the theoretical framework for my analysis of childhood in Monipur, associated with the methodology I have adopted in the research. In the first empirical part of the thesis (chapter 2,3 and 4) I examine relationship within the household and the wider neighbourhood 4brough which slum people organize their social lives in Monipur. This wider context indicates how people embrace change in gender roles and position through precarious social experience. In the second part of the thesis (chapter 5,6 and 7) I explore children's activities in Monipur that allow them to negotiate with adults to permit them more freedom and respect. Finally chapter 8 draws together my conclusions about the changing nature of childhood in Monipur and considers some of the wider implications for theory and practice
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Stephens, Nicole R. "Stony Coral Transplantation Associated with Coastal and Marine Construction Activities." NSUWorks, 2007. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/258.
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Coral reefs in Broward County are increasingly threatened by coastal and marine construction activities. Infrastructure installation (cables, pipelines, and sewer outfalls), beach renourishment, and dredge and fill operations have both anticipated and inadvertent impacts which may result in reef damage. Mitigation practices consisting of impact avoidance and minimization are necessary to prevent and offset reef damage. Coral transplantation is a commonly utilized impact minimization tool which aims to protect corals threatened by impending construction projects. Coral colonies are removed from their natural habitats and relocated to analogous unthreatened sites prior to construction.
This study focuses on coral transplantation that occurred as impact minimization for two recently completed coastal and marine construction projects in Broward County. The first project involved relocation of colonies to natural reef away from potential damage by a natural gas pipeline geotechnical survey. The second project involved relocation of colonies to an artificial reef in relation to a beach renourishment project. Colonies from both projects were monitored and analyzed in regards to survival and growth to determine transplantation success.
A combined 1100 colonies were transplanted for these projects, with approximately 25% of these chosen for 18-24 months of monitoring. The projects had high attachment rates between 92-100% and survival rates between 87-99%. A majority of colonies exhibited positive growth at an average rate of 0.03%-0.04% of initial tissue area per day. There were no apparent detrimental effects of transplantation such as reduced initial growth rates, disease, bleaching, or increased partial mortality. These results indicate that coral transplantation was highly successful from a biological standpoint.
This study also demonstrates that coral transplantation is a valid and effective component of impact minimization whereby colonies that may otherwise be destroyed, can be successfully preserved. For this study, coral transplantation proved to be an economically worthwhile method of conserving an ecologically and economically valuable reef resource. However, coral transplantation is only one facet of impact minimization and mitigation. Ideally, future mitigation projects should also aim to reduce habitat loss and preserve biota in addition to stony corals.
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Cheng, Tao. "Automated safety analysis of construction site activities using spatio-temporal data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47564.
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During the past 10 years, construction was the leading industry of occupational fatalities when compared to other goods producing industries in the US. This is partially attributed to ineffective safety management strategies, specifically lack of automated construction equipment and worker monitoring. Currently, worker safety performance is measured and recorded manually, assessed subjectively, and the resulting performance information is infrequently shared among selected or all project stakeholders. Accurate and emerging remote sensing technology provides critical spatio-temporal data that has the potential to automate and advance the safety monitoring of construction processes.
This doctoral research focuses on pro-active safety utilizing radio-frequency location tracking (Ultra Wideband) and real-time three-dimensional (3D) immersive data visualization technologies. The objective of the research is to create a model that can automatically analyze the spatio-temporal data of the main construction resources (personnel, materials, and equipment), and automatically measure, assess, and visualize worker's safety performance. The research scope is limited to human-equipment interaction in a complex construction site layout where proximities among construction resources are omnipresent. In order to advance the understanding of human-equipment proximity issues, extensive data has been collected in various field trials and from projects with multiple scales. Computational algorithms developed in this research process the data to provide spatio-temporal information that is crucial for construction activity monitoring and analysis. Results indicate that worker's safety performance of selected activities can be automatically and objectively measured using the developed model.
The major contribution of this research is the creation of a proximity hazards assessment model to automatically analyze spatio-temporal data of construction resources, and measure, evaluate, and visualize their safety performance. This research will significantly contribute to transform safety measures in construction industry, as it can determine and communicate automatically safe and unsafe conditions to various project participants located on the field or remotely.
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Turley, Philip William. "Activities and philosophical principles employed in selected Indiana high school choral departments." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/535902.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the music education philosophy statements of high school choral directors and principals with the choral activities in which the students at their schools were involved. Additionally, the degree and type of evaluation used by the principals and directors were observed. The principals, choral directors, and choral departments of 12 high schools were studied.Statistical information including school and choral department enrollment, departmental structure, traditional and specialized choir performance schedules, rehearsal schedules, and repertoire performed was gathered and analyzed. A comparison of statements of choral directors and principals pertaining to desired choral department changes, justification of both traditional and specialized choirs, and perceived influences of specialized choirs is also presented.Main Conclusions1. Statistical information revealed five of the departments to be strong in swing/show choircharacteristics, three to be strong in traditional choir characteristics, three to be transitional and/or struggling, and one to be strong in both swing/show choir and traditional characteristics.2. The students in eight of the choral departments did not perform music from a wide variety of stylistic and historical sources. Two departments performed 95 percent or more traditional choral literature. The other six, which lacked repertoire balance, performed a high percentage of non-traditional literature (popular or popular style, etc.).3. The concurrent membership rule (specialized choir members must also be in a traditional choir) was in effect in five schools and was desired in two others. Exclusion of the rule allowed some students to miss the study of traditional choral literature, decreased the emphasis on traditional select choirs, and increased the likelihood that specialized choirs might be scheduled as credit courses.4. Neither musical nor utilitarian justifications for choirs in public schools were mentioned predominantly. The principals offered slightly more utilitarian than musical justifications, especially for specialized choirs.5. The principals and choral directors carefully evaluated the choral activities in terms of performance excellence. Little evidence was found of other evaluation criteria, such as development of more comprehensive musical experiences, student creative skills, musical appreciation, or aesthetic sensitivity.School of Music
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Takaidza, Samkeliso. "Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/434.
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PhD (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal Universtiy of TechnologyThe genus Tulbaghia has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, earache, tuberculosis and esophageal cancer. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its use. Therefore the objectives of this study were to perform phytochemical analysis, investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory activities and toxicity of crude acetone and water extracts from selected Tulbaghia species. Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic content of the plant extracts was determined using the folin ciocalteu method whereas the total flavonoids were determined by using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion, microtiter dilution and time kill assays. For anticancer studies, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was evaluated using the MTT assay on Hkesc-1 and KB cells. Morphological changes of the cancer cells treated with extracts were examined using light microscopy. Induction of apoptosis was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted to examine the multicaspase activity and cell cycle arrest. For immunomodulatory activity, the Greiss reagent and Luminex cytokine assays were used to determine the effect of the extracts on NO production and the concentration of the cytokines in the treated cells, respectively. Toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was examined by investigating the effect of the extracts on the metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity on the treated RAW264.7 cells using the MTT and LDH assays, respectively. The zebrafish assay was used to evaluate the embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of crude acetone and water extracts of T. violacea at 24 h intervals for 96 h post fertilisation (hpf). The percentage mortality, hatchability and heart rate were examined. Phytochemical screening of eight Tulbaghia species demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and steroids. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid content varied in different plant extracts ranging from 4.50 to 11.10 milligrams gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 milligrams quercetin equivalent per gram (mg QE/g) of fresh material respectively. The IC50 values based on DPPH and ABTS for T. alliacea (0.06 and 0.06 mg/mL) and T. violacea (0.08 and 0.03 mg/mL) were generally lower showing potential antioxidant activities. For antimicrobial activity, the acetone extracts of T. acutiloba, T. alliacea, T. leucantha, T. ludwigiana, T. natalensis and T. simmleri showed moderate antimicrobial activity against all test organisms while the water extracts showed moderate to no activity. One species, T. cernua, showed poor activity against all the tested microbes. The acetone and water extracts of T. violacea showed the greatest antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the tested microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.1 mg/mL to 3.13 mg/mL. The acetone extracts of T. violacea also exhibited both bacteriostatic/fungistatic and bactericidal/fungicidal activity depending on the incubation time and concentration of the extract. The bactericidal/fungicidal activity was observed at x2 MIC. The results for anticancer activity showed that treatment of Hkesc-1 cells with acetone and water crude extracts had anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 0.4 mg/mL and 1.625 mg/mL, respectively while KB had 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively. Morphological changes such as blebbing, cell shrinkage and rounding were observed in the treated cells suggesting that apoptosis was taking place. AOEB staining showed that the level of apoptosis was dependent on the concentration of the extracts. The activation of multicaspase activity in both Hkesc-1 and KB treated cells was also concentration dependent leading to cell death by apoptosis and the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Immunomodulatory activity results indicated that cell viability was above 80% when concentrations of 50 µg/mL or less of both acetone and water crude was used. Treatment with the acetone extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the LPS induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells except at 50 µg/mL where significant inhibition was observed. The water extract had no significant effect (p>0.05) on NO production at all the concentrations. Treatment of LPS–induced RAW264.7 cells with acetone extract stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on IL-1β. On the other hand, treatment with the water extracts stimulated the production of IL-1α, IL-6 but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on TNF-α and IL-1β. Treatment of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with the acetone extract had very little stimulatory effect on IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and no significant effect on IL-10 whereas for the water extract a significant stimulatory effect was only observed for IL-4 after 48 h of treatment. High concentrations (>10000 pg/mL) of MCP-1, MIP1-α, MIP1-β, MIP-2, GCSF, GM-CSF, RANTES and IP-10 were also observed in acetone and water extract treated RAW264.7 cells. For toxicity studies, acetone and aqueous crude leaf extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri, and T. violacea had a significant inhibitory (p<0.05) effect on the RAW264.7 cells after 48h treatment. Acetone extracts from T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea resulted in IC50 values of 0.48 mg/mL, 0.72 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. Treatment with water extracts showed minimal toxic effect indicated by higher IC50 values of 0.95 mg/mL, 2.49 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL for T. alliacea, T. simmleri and T. violacea, respectively. The LDH release by macrophages after 24 h treatment with acetone extracts was observed to be concentration dependent while treatment with water extracts did not induce LDH release. The zebra fish assay showed a lethal dose (LD50) for the T. violacea acetone crude extract of 20 μg/mL whereas that for water extract was 85 μg/mL. The observed teratogenic effects included scoliosis, edema of the pericardial cavity, retarded yolk resorption, hook-like/bent tail and shorter body length. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the extracts from the eight Tulbaghia species examined contain phytochemicals that may have the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Extracts from T. violacea were observed to be the most potent. This study thus supports the use of T. violacea in treating bacterial and fungal infections in traditional medicine. The results of this study also confirm the anticancer potential of T. violacea. The immunomodulatory activity of the acetone and water extracts from T. violacea indicated a dominantly pro-inflammatory activity. Traditional medicine prepared form T. violacea may be of benefit to individuals with weak immune systems. The toxicity of selected Tulbaghia species was observed to be concentration, extract and time dependent. Therefore, traditional medicine prepared from Tulbaghia extracts should be taken with caution preferably in small doses over a short period of time. Future studies will focus on the identification of the bioactive compound(s) responsible for the antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities.
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Vickers, Jane Louise O'Brien. "Relationships between leadership skills and future homemakers of america activities, other leadership development activities, selected student, family and other characteristics /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14878581061187.
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Oey, Marvin. "Effects of selected practices on the cost performance of building projects /." Digital version, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008408.
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Huang, Hsiu 1964. "Alienation as a function of participation in college activities among selected international students." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277873.
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The purpose of this study was to identity whether the following variables are related to a sense of alienation among international students: age, sex, marital status, length of time in the United States and in Tucson, the place of residence, the participation in campus activities, and their perception of language ability. Alienation is viewed as a sense of powerlessness, meaninglessness, and social estrangement. The instrument for collecting demographic information and measuring the level of participation and alienation were administered to randomly selected international students at a southwestern university. Responses (185) were analyzed to find out the relationship among variables. The analysis identified that the more international students participated in campus activities, the less they felt alienated. Asian students had higher alienation scores than non-Asian students. The results suggest that the needs of different groups among international students should be evaluated separately, especially when designing the language programs. The international students should take the initiative to utilize the resources on campus which could help them adjust to the environment easier.
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Elmestiri, Fatma M. "Evaluation of selected Libyan medicinal plant extracts for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/615.
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In different parts of the world, the use of medicinal plants has always been important in the therapeutic armory of mankind and remains an important source for the discovery of new bio-active compounds. Libya constitutes an apt example where medicinal plants are widely used. While some individual plant species such as Ginkgo biloba have been investigated in some detail, there is relatively little information available concerning the antioxidant potential and anticholinesterase activities of plant species in general and Libyan plants in particular. In this study twenty three Libyan medicinal plants were chosen for the study of antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. Aqueous plant extracts were screened for their antioxidant activity using the FRAP, TEAC and DPPH methods. These methods enable high-throughput screening of potential antioxidant capacity. Results show that of these twenty three plants, hot and cold extracts of Myrtus communis, Quercus robur and Syzygium aromaticum exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity in all tests and this is higher than that of the green tea control. It is suggested that the efficacy of these plants could be explained, at least in part, by their antioxidant activity. A selection of ten Libyan plants which have various ethnobotanical uses were evaluated for anticholinesterase activity. Most plants screened showed some inhibitory activity with either or both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Digestion is an initial step involving changes in pH and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Plant extracts were evaluated for possible changes in antioxidant properties and anticholinesterase activity using an artificial digestion technique. Most extracts showed an increase in antioxidant activity after the final pancreatin step although results varied with the antioxidant assay used. However, almost all anticholinesterase activity was lost at the HC1 stage of the in vitro digestion procedure. Testing in vitro bioavailability of plant extracts is a useful step in evaluating in vivo bioavailability.
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Wampler, James R. "An Analysis of Student Assistance Program Characteristics and Activities in Selected Illinois Schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37673.
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The main purpose of this study was to survey the participants, directors, and the coordinators that are associated with the SAP. The survey was done in order to determine opinions concerning the factors, procedures, standards, and guidelines for this program. Whether they are adequate, in order, complete enough and properly fitting, are questions to be reviewed in this document. They hopefully will verify items that are proper, thorough, and complete. They may accentuate procedures and factors that are illuminative, that highlight the points of the programs that are successfully aiding students. The need and interest in continuing educational programs is pointed out. It is pleasing to find the large number of participants desiring continuing education. Notably, as the drug scene is constantly changing, mental health needs detection and help is another point that is continually evolving. This document is to review the Landscape Questionnaire and relate to its validity, and appropriateness; bearing in mind the strong point of strict confidentiality in respect of the students. The need for compensated education of the involved principles would further involvement, with perhaps more guidance counseling principles involved, as a lot of these basics are ingrained. The Questionnaire is divided into 6 general functional sections for purposes of simplification of discussion, and that pattern followed throughout.Ed. D.
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Mbaebie, Oyedemi B. O. "Antiplasmid and antimicrobial activities of synthetic and natural products from selected medicinal plants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1468641/.
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This PhD thesis is part of ongoing project to identify plant natural products and selected synthetic compounds that possess antimicrobial properties; and are able to promote plasmid loss or interfere with bacterial conjugation. The conjugative broad host plasmids investigated include PKM101 (Inc N), TP114 (Inc I2), PUB307 (Inc P), and low- copy number plasmids: R6K (Inc X), R7K (Inc W) and R1-drd-19 (Inc F11). They represented the incompatibility plasmid groups that are currently associated with gross dissemination of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. A series of plant extracts evaluated at sub-inhibitory concentration of 100 mg/L, were shown to inhibit bacterial plasmid conjugation and their active constituents were isolated and characterised. Mallotus philippinensis yielded rottlerin and red compound, with good to moderate antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and had a broad range inhibition against the resistant plasmids. Investigation of extracts from the resin of Cannabis sativa L. identified tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabinolic acid (CBNA) which in addition to two synthetic cannabinoids: cannabigerol and olivetol inhibited the conjugal transfer of TP114 between E. coli strains. The antiplasmid activities of Δ9-THC, CBN, CBD, significantly reduced the transfer of amoxicillin–resistance conferring PKM 101. Methanolic extract from the dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa yielded evodiamine, rutaecarpine and naturally-isolated sucrose. Rutaecarpine was the most active alkaloid against NorA-expressing SA1199B and XU212 strain expressing TetK efflux mechanism. Evodiamine and sucrose had lesser antibacterial effect as well as low level of inhibition against the plasmids. Rutaecarpine and evocarpine remarkably reduced the transfer frequency of PKM 101, showing a high 2 level effect of inhibition by the compound. The bioassay-guided analysis of Capsicum annuum L. yielded capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) which demonstrated moderate antibacterial activities but inhibited conjugal transfer of R-plasmids actively. Capsaicin exhibited a broad range antiplasmid activity while DHC showed selective inhibition. The effect of synthetic compounds that were assessed: ferulenol, 6-gingerol and 6-shogoal were twice as effective against the transfer of PKM 101, TP114 and PUB307 compared to capsaicin, while nonivamide had no remarkable activity. With the exception of promethazine, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin that showed some interaction with DNA due to decreased fluorescence which suggests binding, the rest of the compounds: rottlerin, red compound, ferulenol, evocarpine, rutaecarpine, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol and nonivamide did not bind to DNA. This may indicate other probable mechanism of antiplasmid action of the compounds. Together, some of these compounds were notable for their dual properties: robust antistaphylococcal activity and a broad host range antiplasmid effect, and are reported for the very first time. Such potentials are valuable in the discovery of next generation antimicrobial drugs.
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Mhlekwa, Gcobani Sydney. "Evaluating quality management on selected South African freight rail construction projects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2866.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.This study focussed on the evaluation of quality management at one of the selected South African freight rail construction projects. Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) was selected for its high rate of accidents and injuries that happen on daily basis which affect the company’s operations and profits. The study’s approach was to obtain as much as possible opinions from local and international experts on quality management in construction projects. The opinions were gathered through a number of official journals on the best practices for quality management, comparing all of these practices to that of TFR in order to conclude whether the need for improvement or the change in practicing quality is required. The mixed − method approach was employed, to gather more and accurate data. The strengths of qualitative research approach can make up for the weaknesses of the quantitative research approach, this was the reason why mixed − method was chosen. The targeted population of this study included the internal stakeholders such as quality assurance officers, project managers, project coordinators and project team members. This targeted population was able to provide the accurate information as they are directly involved in the execution of the projects in terms of quality management of the project. A questionnaire was developed and employed as a tool to gather data to satisfy the research questions. This study was a case study because it only focused on TFR Iron Ore line projects. The focus was that, within TFR Iron Ore line, only those who are affected directly by the above mentioned projects were interviewed. The study has revealed that the Total Quality Assurance measures are being ignored at TFR, such as unscheduled quality tours, quality audits, quality control routines, random sampling of errors and record seen defects, and quality monitoring throughout the project life cycle.
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Walker, Jim L. "Determinants of Small Firm Performance: the Importance of Selected Managerial Personality Traits, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty, Scanning Activities, and Managerial Goal Setting Activities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331570/.
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Much of the previous research on organizational performance deals with the larger businesses. As such, the owner/managers of small firms and researchers interested in small businesses have had to work with planning models which were not formulated with small businesses in mind. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to help correct this deficiency and add to the body of knowledge concerning the contributions specific factors make toward increasing the performance of small firms. Specifically, selected managerial personality traits, managerial perceived environmental uncertainty, managerial scanning habits, and managerial goal setting activities are utilized to develop three models. The three models are used to determine the relationship the factors have to each other and the contribution the variables make toward the performance of the firm. The firms included in this study are located in a South Central metropolitan area. The firms have between 2 and 100 employees, sales of less than 3 million dollars, and have been in operation 2 years or longer. This study utilizes regression analysis and path analysis to determine the effects the factors have on each other and their contribution to the firm's performance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSSx) is utilized to run the regression analysis. An Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by the Method of Maximum Likelihood (LISREL) is utilized for the path analysis. Using path analysis, the third model demonstrates a total coefficient of determination for structural equations of 0.09. However, only two of the four factors have a t value of 2.0 or greater. The study also indicates the personality trait of dogmatism is inversely related to managerial scanning -.349 p <.01. Perceived environmental uncertainty is negatively correlated to performance at -.215 p <.05. None of the remaining factors demonstrated significant relationship to the firm's performance.
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Mclaughlin, Jeannette G. "A Study of Learning Activities of Selected Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients in East Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1989. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2726.
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The problem of this study was to identify and describe the individual learning activities of caregivers of people with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and to develop an analytical description of the patterns of learning of these adults. An instrument was not available for use; therefore, a focused interview guide was developed. The interview guide was developed through consultation with several spouses or adult children caring for Alzheimer's patients, professionals in the health care field, and a review of the literature. The major analysis procedure for the study was the constant comparative method, an inductive method that has been used most systematically by Glaser and Strauss (1967). Grounded theory is discovered or generated from data. It is developed by entering the field work phase without a hypothesis, describing what happens, and formulating explanations as to why it happens. Five research questions were explored dealing with the caregiver's support system, reasons for seeking medical help, learning at the time of the diagnosis, learning activities, and learning patterns. Caregivers, as adult learners, showed the capacity to conduct self-directed learning activities. While the content was greatly determined by the patient's progression of the disease, caregivers identified six learning processes: (a) professionally guided, (b) informal conversation, (c) observation, (d) solving problems, (e) change in perspective, and (f) facilitating understanding for others. The informal support system was significant in providing information to caregivers. Sixty percent of the friends and 50.5% of the family provided information, resources, and discussion. An extensive informal support system showed a greater use of a problem solving process.
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Wagner, Catherine Ann Robertson. "Reproduction and Enzyme Detoxification Activities in Mouse Lines Selected for Response to Fescue Toxicosis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9783.
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In previous work, mouse lines were selected for resistance (R) or for susceptibility (S) to fescue toxicosis based upon reductions in post-weaning growth rate caused by an endophyte-infected diet. The first objective of the current experiment was to determine whether long term reproduction of S mice was more severely depressed than that of R mice by the toxic diet. The second objective was to quantify glutathione-S-epoxytransferase (GST) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl-transferase (UDPGT) activities in R and S dams form the experiment and to determine whether reproduction during continuous cohabitation and liver detoxification enzyme activities were correlated within line x diet groups. Effects of the toxic diet were detectable within the first litters produced. Reproduction was more seriously influenced by the toxic diet within the S line than within the R line when these measures were compared within four equal time phases. The effects of the toxic diet on reproduction were greatest early in the experiment; by the fourth time phase differences among line x diet groups, with the exception of litter weight, were not significant. Percentage differences in total reproduction were greater between S mice fed the non-toxic diet and S mice fed the toxic diet than those between the R mice fed the non-toxic and toxic diets. Averaged across diets, GST activities were higher in R mice, but UDPGT activities were not significant. Within R line mice, GST was correlated with three reproductive measures, but UDPGT activity was not correlated with reproduction within any line x diet group.Master of Science
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Van, Rooyen Anzel. "The effect of in vitro digestion on selected biological activities of Hypoxis sobolifera corms." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020058.
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In South Africa part of the cultural and religious beliefs of the African people is the use of traditional remedies to treat diseases. These remedies are obtained from medicinal plants (Steenkamp, 2003). One of the most frequently traded plants in the Eastern Cape is Hypoxis, commonly known as Afrika patat, or African potato. South African traditional healers instruct patients to brew the fresh Hypoxis corm as a tea and then ingest it (Steenkamp, 2006a). This prompted an investigation into the digestive stability of a traditionally prepared Hypoxis extract. The H. sobolifera extracts were digested using a simulated gastric/small intestinal digestion and their biological activity determined. The hot water H. sobolifera extract before digestion only showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines at very high concentrations which are not likely to be achieved under normal ingestion circumstances. In Chang liver cells on the other hand, chronic exposure to the hot water H. sobolifera extract increased glucose uptake in amounts similar to that of metformin. On the negative side, the glucose utilization stimulation was lost due to the simulated digestion process. The significant inhibition of AGEs by hot water H. sobolifera extract (IC50 of 6.3 Ig/ml) is a very encouraging result as treatment in the management of diabetes. This activity was only slightly reduced by the in vitro digestion process. Also observed was enzyme inhibition activity by traditionally prepared H. sobolifera, with ∝-amylase being inhibited (IC50 of approximately 250 Ig/ml) and therefore preventing or limiting starch breakdown. From the DPPH results it was clear that H. sobolifera, even when digested, is a potent anti-oxidant (IC50 of 134.4 Ig/ml when undigested compared to 162.9 when digested with β-glucosidase added to stomach digestive step). HPLC and TLC experiments revealed that rooperol which has previously been thought to be the compound responsible for the anti-oxidant activity in Hypoxis extracts, was absent from the traditional extract of H. sobolifera and therefore cannot be the sole compound exhibiting anti-oxidant activity; other compounds such as phenolics may be contributing. The phenolic and flavonoid content results revealed very highconcentrations of these compounds in the traditionally prepared H. sobolifera extract. These compounds may therefore play major roles in all of the biological activities observed from treatment with Hypoxis spp. The ROS results yielded interesting and promising results. Using standard or traditionally prepared H. sobolifera extracts, activation of differentiated U937 cells with PMA was greatly enhanced by cotreatment with the extracts, while extracts on their own did not cause significant activation. Future studies should investigate this property of the extracts as a promising immune boosterThe HPLC results showed that hypoxoside was undetectable in the hot water traditional extract and the TLC anti-oxidant experiment proved that rooperol is not present in the hot water traditional extract after treatment with β-glucosidase. This indicates that neither one of the Hypoxis compounds previously believed to be responsible for the biological activities observed are present in the extract when prepared the traditional way. Therefore, the biological activities observed in this study can be attributed to other phytochemical compounds.
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Bisi-Johnson, Mary Adejumoke. "Molecular characterization, antibiograms and antibacterial activities of selected medicinal plants against some enteric pathogens." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006643.
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Diarrhea diseases remain one of the greatest health problems in many parts of the world. In some cases, the disease is mild and self-limiting; however, the symptoms may be very severe in the elderly and young children (Smith and Cheasty, 1998), as well as in immune compromised patients such as HIV/AIDS patients. The disease is one of the hallmarks of HIV/AIDS in developing countries and is also a cardinal clinical manifestation of water borne infections (Obi et al., 2007). According to a World Health Organization report (WHO, 2004), diarrhea was rated second, after respiratory infections out of the eight deadliest diseases worldwide and was responsible for 1.8 million deaths per year. This infectious disease which can cause dehydration is primarily a symptom of gastrointestinal infection, but chemical irritation of the gut or non-infectious bowel disease can also result in diarrhoe. Studies have shown that the predominant causative agents of acute and persistent diarrhoe are Gram-negative rods such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Yersinia enterocolitica (Obi et al., 1995, 1998, 2003; Lainson and Silva, 1999; Coker et al., 2002; Oyofo et al., 2002). Aside from bacterial agents of diarrhoea, other causative pathogens include protozoa such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum; viruses such as norwalk virus and rota virus. Although fungal agents such as Candida have been shown to be prevalent in children with diarrhoe (Enweani et al. 1994), a more recent study (Forbes et al., 2001), associated higher Candida counts with recent antibiotic use. Faecal concentrations of Candida were higher in patients with diarrhoe, but the study confirmed no association between faecal candida or other yeasts and diarrhoe. Norwalk viruses, calci-like viruses and rota viruses are the major viral agents of diarrhoe. According to Parashar et al., (2006), rota virus is the leading cause of diarrhoe hospitalisation among children worldwide, causing 440,000 annual deaths in children under 5 years of age.
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Glass, Jacqueline. "Evaluation of tilt-up construction in relation to selected UK building types." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364121.
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Huaco, Daniel R. "Decision support for slope construction and repair activities an asset management building block /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5780.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 3, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Brown, James Daniel. "Corporate responsibility in the UK construction industry : a study of activities and reporting." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14099/.
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Corporate Responsibility (CR) defines the process of self-regulation, whereby an organisation seeks to measure and improve its performance related to the social, environmental and economic expectations placed upon it by society. In the past two decades the prominence, and therefore uptake of CR activities and reporting has increased across many sectors. The pace of this change has varied significantly, with many industries quickly becoming aware of its importance and integrating it into their business operations while others have seen CR as lower priority and have been much slower to embrace it. In the UK, while some of the individual components of CR are governed by legislation (e.g. environmental activities and health & safety), others such as social interactions and CR reporting have little or no legislation associated with them. This lack of any clear legislative requirements effectively allows organisations to report on any topics they wish and results in a very varied approach to implementing and reporting upon the subject. While some aspects of CR, such as reporting (Jones, Comfort et al. 2006), performance benchmarking (BITC, Graafland et al (2003)) and attitudes to CR (Herridge, (2003), Petrovic- Lazarevic, (2008)) have been investigated in isolation, there has been no attempt to provide a holistic view of the industry. This research seeks to do just that by combining a range of data in an effort to build a broad evidence base of the industry's reporting practices, performance and perceptions of the industry with regards to CR. This thesis presents the findings from a mixed-method review of CR reporting, activities and performance amongst UK construction companies. Mixed methodologies (qualitative and quantitative) were employed in order to interrogate a range of data sources. The methods employed in the empirical chapters of this work include a review of construction CR reports, a benchmarking exercise and a case study of consultancy companies operating in the construction industry. With regards to reporting, while some longitudinal changes were seen with respect to report size and levels of detail, a number of core or priority topics were identified which were commonly covered by construction companies regardless of which sub-sector they operated in. The benchmarking exercise attempted to compare the CR performance of companies within three construction sub-sectors (materials suppliers, contractors and consultants) and while some patterns were evident, such as topics where performance was consistently high, no clear trends were seen between the performances of the three sub-sectors reviewed. The case study highlighted a number of difficulties that are faced by consultancy companies and based upon the study, a range of recommendations which could potentially help to address some of them are proposed.
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Shourkabi, Amir. "A study of designer time utilisation in Iranian construction consultancies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21890.
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Productivity improvement within the construction industry has addressed issues that are predominantly associated with activities and tasks on construction sites, and less so in the office work. The lack of an understanding of the proportion of productive time during working hours for designers, as well as the measurement method forms a significant gap in the knowledge of the design process. Productivity management cycle comprised of 4 phases: measurement; evaluation; planning; and improvement. Therefore, measurement becomes essential in productivity improvement. This study identifies the lack of defined duration for design task and measurement of design activity time as an essential gap in the productivity knowledge that relates to designers.
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Stakhanov, Oleg V. "Diversification of livelihood activities in Ghana's households effects of HIV, stress and selected socioeconomic factors /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403837.
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Culbreath, Marci. "An Investigation into the Antifungal Activities of N-Thiolated Beta- Lactams Against Selected Candida Species." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001633.
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Kallassy, Hany. "Phytochemistry and biological activities of selected Lebanese plant species (Crataegus azarolus L. and Ephedra campylopoda)." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0036/document.
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Les plantes ont longtemps été connues pour leur arsenal naturel, servant d'une source importante de substances nutritives et de composants thérapeutiques. Depuis il y a environ 600 000 ans, les hommes ont utilisé des plantes comme médicaments. Aujourd'hui, les médicaments issus des plantes sont largement présents dans le monde entier où environ 80 % de la population mondiale utilisent des plantes comme médicaments primaires. Cette valeur médicinale est principalement attribuée au fait que les plantes sont riches en composés phytochimiques bioactifs. Le Liban, en raison de son emplacement géographique et des caractéristiques environnementales importantes, est doté d'une flore riche. Des centaines de plantes libanaises ont été définies en termes de composition chimique et de valeur médicinale. Dans cette étude, nous avons caractérisé le contenu phytochimique de deux espèce de plantes libanaises, Crataegus azarolus L et Ephedra campylopoda. Des feuilles fraîches tirées de chaque espèce de plante, ont été dissoutes dans trois solvants différents : eau, éthanol et méthanol. La composition phytochimique des extraits a été examinée en utilisant la chromatographie liquide à haute performance (HPLC) et le contenu d'huile essentielle a été déterminé par la chromatographie gazeuse (GC) couplée avec la spectrométrie de masse (MS). Le radical DPPH a été utilisé pour évaluer le potentiel antioxydant. Le potentiel anti-inflammatoire a été évalué en mesurant les quantités sécrétées de la prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) en utilisant la technique ELISA, aussi bien qu'en déterminant les niveaux d’expression d’ARNm de cytokines pro-inflammatoires (IL-, IL-ß et IL-6), de chimiokines (CCL3 et CCL4) et de COX-2 et iNOS par RT-PCR quantitative (qRT-PCR). Un essai de viabilité cellulaire par le test XTT a été effectué pour déterminer l'effet antiprolifératif de chaque extrait. Nous avons observé un contenu phytochimique important à partir des extraits alcooliques. En parallèle, nous avons mis en évidence des activités biologiques significatives avec ces extraits alcooliques exerçant in vitro des effets antioxydants, anti-inflammatoires et antiprolifératifs.En résumé, nos observations suggèrent un potentiel prometteur pour Crataegus azarolus L et Ephedra campylopoda pour le traitement de maladies associées au stress oxydatif, à un processus inflammatoire ou à une prolifération cellulaire non contrôlée. Cependant, in vivo, la caractérisation de ces effets est indispensablePlants have long been known for their natural arsenal, serving as an important source of nutrients and therapeutic components. Since about 600,000 years ago, humans used plants as medicines. Plant medicines correspond to the preparations issued from those plants. Today, plant medicines are widely worldwide where about 80% of the world's population uses herbs as primary medicines. This medicinal value is mainly attributed to the fact that plants are rich inbioactive phytochemicals. Lebanon, due to its geographical location and important environmental characteristics, is endowed with a rich flora. Hundreds of Lebanese plants have been defined in terms of their chemical composition and medicinal value where many other species are yet to be characterized.In this study, we aimed at characterizing the phytochemical content and therapeutic value of two Lebanese plant species, Crataegus azarolus L and Ephedra campylopoda. Fresh leaves, derived from each plant species, were dissolved in three different solvents distilled water, ethanol, and methanol. The phytochemical composition of different extracts issued from the two plant species was examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the essential oil content was determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). DPPH radical scavenging and Fe2+ chelating activity assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring the secreted amounts of the pro-inflammatory mediator PGE2 using ELISA technique, as well as by assaying the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-α, IL-β and IL-6), chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4) and inflammation-sensitive COX-2 and iNOS using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). XTT viability assay was carried out to determine the anti-proliferative effect of each extract. For both plant species, we observed an important phytochemical content with thealcoholic (methanol and ethanol) extracts being more rich in bioactive molecules. In parallel, the two plant species exhibited significant biological activities with the alcoholic extracts exerting important, in vitro, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects.Collectively, our observations suggest a promising potential for Crataegus azarolus L and Ephedra campylopoda during treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, aberrant inflammatory responses or uncontrolled cell proliferation. However, further in vivo characterization of these effects is indispensable
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Imimole, Don-William Osiluamhe. "The identification of non-value adding activities associated with site management in the Nigerian construction industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2765.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Construction in Construction Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.This study sought to determine the prevalence of non-value adding activities (NVAAs) associated with construction site management in Nigerian, utilising Lagos State as the case study. To pursue the study, the following objectives were formulated: (1) to identify the sources of NVAAs during construction projects; (2) to determine the causes of the occurrence of NVAAs; (3) to ascertain the effects of occurrence of NVAAs on management of personnel on construction sites; and (4) to develop techniques to mitigate the effect of NVAAs on construction projects. Relevant literature related to the matter under investigation was extensively reviewed. An exploratory study on non-value adding activities was conducted; the findings of which determined the focus of the study. This was achieved through a qualitative method where open-ended interviews were administered to purposively selected construction professionals including construction managers, site engineers, consulting engineers, and site managers who were based in Lagos. Additionally, observations of construction activities on site also provided the basis for the primary data collection to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors contributing to the occurrence of NVAAs on site. Three construction firms partook in the survey, and a total of eight construction professionals were interviewed. It was uncovered that improper planning of construction site activities – for example material management, site layout, and the competency of site personnel – came about to non-value adding activities, thereby confirming the situation of poor site execution within the construction industry. This exploration was limited to certain building construction locations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Accentuation was put on the evaluation of non-value adding activity (i.e. waste) related with site management in the construction industry amid the undertaking execution stage. The research was done to assist in creating a proper contribution to the perception of NVAA management measures by way of the application of significant principles that have been deserted, and also to fashion responsiveness for construction company workforces to determine factors that contribute to NVAAs with the goal that the level of waste can be decreased while simultaneously increasing productivity during construction. Suggestions regarding the reduction of NVAAs include the following: (1) Early identification of the root causes of NVAAs would certainly provide a useful information for project stakeholders to design a suitable containment strategy to minimise / prevent the occurrences of waste; (2) Conducting workshops for project team members on a regular basis concerning lean design management principle will also assist in reducing the incidence of NVAAs on site;
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Diaz, Zarate Gerardo Daniel. "A knowledge-based system for estimating the duration of cast in place concrete activities." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2806.
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Majrouhi, Sardroud Javad. "Assessment and development of radio frequency identification applications for effective management of construction activities." Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/21832/.
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The construction industry suffers from quality problems, cost over-runs, and project delays, which can be traced back to the lack of accurate and real-time information among the players. Recent research has indicated that even though construction materials and components may constitute more than 50% of total project costs, existing methods for managing them still depend on human skills. These traditional data collection are time and labour-intensive, error-prone, and unreliable due to reluctance of workforces to monitor and record the presence of large numbers of materials. Advances in Automated Data Collection (ADC) technologies make them technically and economically feasible and viable. However, the construction industry is a late adopter of ADC technologies and the deployment of a cost-effective, scalable, and easy-to-implement materials management system has not yet been addressed. In order to investigate the late adoption of ADC technologies and to present a new solution to automate the task of materials management, the study provides a useful insight into the ADC technologies adoption barriers within the construction industry by identifying 19 key factors. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among the professionals in the industry from 16 countries. In view of these, a new approach for integrating the latest innovations in ADC technologies for real-time data collection in construction was proposed. A combination of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies was proposed in this study. This proposed integrated system can facilitate extremely low-cost and infrastructure-free solutions to uniquely identify materials, components, and equipment and to locate and track them in three phases namely; production sites (off-site), en-route (shipping), and construction job sites (on-site) almost instantaneously. The proposed system is fully automatic, thus reducing the labour costs and eliminating human error associated with data collection process during construction materials management.
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Harvey, Jonathan Neil. "Navigating the complexities of acquired brain injury : theorising everyday activities in identity (re)construction." Thesis, Open University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665994.
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Hui, Wing-tak Kenneth, and 許榮德. "Overseas contractors in Hong Kong: activities& business policies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264104.
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Drews, Oliver. "Differential proteome analysis of selected lactic acid bacteria, stress response and database construction." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974284742.
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Vigaro, Magdelane Rosaline. "An effective performance management system for a selected company in the construction industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1730.
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Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Human Resource Management
In
The Faculty of Business
At
The Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013This paper aims to determine if there is a relationship between performance management and organisational performance owing to a lack of staff motivation. If there is such a relationship the paper aims to investigate implementation of performance management for a selected company in the construction industry. The paper begins by outlining the background and history of the construction industry and presents a review of literature of performance management which provides insight into the topic. The paper examined different views of performance management from both practitioners and organisations and discusses the aims, benefits and shortcomings of performance management. Additionally, different evaluation methods and performance measurement methods were investigated to provide an in-depth understanding of the topic. The background and overview of the selected company in the construction industry was discussed. The paper used a case study and qualitative research approach. The results of the research prove that there is an inverse relationship between performance management and the lack of motivation that affects organisational performance. The paper concludes by showing that the selected company is in need of a performance management system and suggesting the development of a performance management system that should support a culture, which is based on feedback and communication. A framework is presented which ensures that effective strategies are deployed to adopt a performance management system.
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Hunt, Sally Ann. "The discoursal construction of female physical identity in selected works in children's literature." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005965.
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This thesis reports on an analysis of the discursive construction of female and male physical identity in children’s literature and explicitly combines corpus linguistic methods with a critical discourse approach. Based on three novels from each of the Chronicles of Narnia and the Harry Potter series, it shows clear gendering of body parts, not only in terms of the purely quantitative preferences for certain body parts to be associated with one or other gender, but in terms of discourse prosody, or the uses to which the body parts are put. Human body parts in these series are mostly used in the following four ways, all of which show differences in realisation in terms of gender: · to describe individuals, physically, in order to distinguish one from the other; · to convey emotion, unintentionally as well as consciously; · for physical interaction between people and · for interaction with the world more broadly: responses to danger and agency, i.e. the ability to act on the world and the nature of what is achieved. The use of body parts by characters to express emotion and act agentively on the world is revealed to be strongly gendered in the two series. I characterise the most prominent patterns in terms of the bodily products blood, sweat and tears, of which the last is strongly connected to female characters, who are generally associated with emotion. The other two, referring to active participation in fighting and injury, as well as agency, are almost exclusively reserved for males, with female characters rendered unable to act on the physical world as a result of overwhelming feelings. The females’ response to danger suggests stereotyped discourses of inequality which see women and girls as requiring protection and being physically incapable. Thus gender is still a particularly salient aspect in these widely-read examples of children’s literature, despite plots which appear to be fairly positive towards women. The strength of the inclusion of a corpus approach in this study lies in its capacity to reveal objective, and often fairly covert, trends in language use. These in turn enrich the critical analysis of discourses in these influential texts, which facilitates social change through linguistic analysis.
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Suwailem, Saud Abdulaziz. "A study of the potential for robotics in selected construction processes using value analysis methodology." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341618.
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Solomons, Wesley John. "Investigating the impact of site activities and conditions on concrete quality of in-situ and precast construction methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95942.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Construction of structural concrete frames may take place by using either cast in-situ or precast methods. With the cast in-situ method, these elements are constructed on the construction site as needed. Precast construction on the other hand is more resembles a line. The elements are constructed in a precast yard in a systematic fashion and once completed, they are taken to the construction site where they are to be erected. This study identifies the aspects and attributes which influence the quality of concrete during the construction phase of these two construction methods. The study is independent from the conceptual or design phase. Information regarding these aspects and attributes were obtained from literature and from contractors in industry through interviews and site visits. The literature review also focuses on quality management techniques and factors that influence quality in the construction environment. The information obtained from the site visits and literature was used to design a survey which was sent out to a number of respondents. A comparison between in-situ and precast construction was made based on the results of the survey. The synthesis of the research findings can be used by project teams to help them decide on the choice between in-situ and precast construction. It was found that precast construction is better for durability, and fitness for purpose is less complex for the in-situ solution. Recommendations for future studies are provided at the end of the document.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Konstruksie van beton struktuurrame kan plaasvind deur die gebruik van in-situ of voorafvervaardigde metodes. Met die in-situ metode, word hierdie elemente op die terrein gebou soos benodig. Tydens voorafvervaardigde konstruksie aan die ander kant is die konstruksie soortgelyk aan 'n produksielyn. Die elemente word gegiet in 'n voorafvervaardingsterrein in 'n sistematiese wyse, en sodra dit voltooi is, word dit na die konstruksie terrein geneem waar dit opgerig word. Hierdie studie identifiseer die aspekte en eienskappe wat 'n invloed op die kwaliteit van beton het tydens die konstruksiefase van hierdie twee konstruksie metodes. Die studie is onafhanklike van die konseptuele of ontwerp fases. Inligting rakende hierdie aspekte en eienskappe is verkry uit die literatuur en van kontrakteurs in die bedryf deur middel van onderhoude en besoeke. Die literatuur fokus ook op die gehalte, bestuurs-tegnieke en faktore van gehalte in die bou-omgewing. Die inligting is verkry deur ‘n vraelys wat aan 'n aantal respondente gestuur is. 'n Vergelyking tussen in-situ en voorafvervaardigde konstruksie is vervolgens gemaak op grond van die resultate van die opname. Die sintese van die bevindinge kan gebruik word deur projek spanne om hulle te help besluit oor die keuse tussen in-situ en voorafvervaardigde konstruksie. Die resultate dui daarop dat voorafvervaardigde konstruksie beter is vir duursaamheid, maar passing op terrein is minder kompleks vir die in-situ oplossing. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige ondersoeke word aan die einde van die studie gemaak.
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Kamatou, GPP, Zyl RL Van, H. Davids, Heerden FR Van, ACU Lourens, and AM Viljoen. "Antimalarial and anticancer activities of selected South African Salvia species and isolated compounds from S. radula." Elsevier, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000518.
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Extracts of seventeen Salvia species used in traditional medicine in South Africa were subjected to biological testing. The potential ability to
inhibit the in vitro growth/proliferation of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3 strain) and the cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cells [breast
adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and glioblastoma (SF-268)] and a human kidney epithelial cell line were investigated.
The extracts displayed antimalarial activity with IC50 values ranging from 3.91 to 26.01 μg/ml and S. radula displaying the most favorable
activity. Two compounds were subsequently isolated from the active fraction of S. radula and identified as betulafolientriol oxide and salvigenin.
The two compounds displayed similar or lower antimalarial activity (IC50 values: 4.95 and 24.60 μg/ml, respectively) compared to the crude solvent extract. The concentration required to inhibit 50% of cancer cells ranged between 9.69 μg/ml and 43.65 μg/ml, and between 8.72 μg/ml and 59.12 μg/ml against the MCF-7 and SF-268 cell lines, respectively. The IC50 values determined for the HT-29 cell line ranged from 17.05 to 57.00 μg/ml, with S. lanceolata being the most active. The samples also displayed some degree of toxicity when tested against the human kidney epithelial cells, with IC50 values ranging from 12.12 to 53.34 μg/ml. The in vitro antimalarial and anticancer activities support the historic and
present use of Salvia species in traditional medicine.
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Miller, Brian J. "An evaluation of the effectiveness of selected technology education learning activities at New Richmond Middle School." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004millerb.pdf.
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Mat, Ali Mohd Shukri. "Analysis of phenolics and other phytochemicals in selected Malaysian traditional vegetables and their activities in vitro." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/158/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.