Relevant bibliographies by topics / Selection of melon cultivars

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Academic literature on the topic 'Selection of melon cultivars'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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Demirci, Sevgin, Roven Rommel Fuentes, Willem van Dooijeweert, Saulo Aflitos, Elio Schijlen, Thamara Hesselink, Dick de Ridder, Aalt D. J. van Dijk, and Sander Peters. "Chasing breeding footprints through structural variations in Cucumis melo and wild relatives." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa038.

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Abstract Cucumis melo (melon or muskmelon) is an important crop in the family of the Cucurbitaceae. Melon is cross pollinated and domesticated at several locations throughout the breeding history, resulting in highly diverse genetic structure in the germplasm. Yet, the relations among the groups and cultivars are still incomplete. We shed light on the melonbreeding history, analyzing structural variations ranging from 50 bp up to 100 kb, identified from whole genome sequences of 100 selected melon accessions and wild relatives. Phylogenetic trees based on SV types completely resolve cultivars and wild accessions into two monophyletic groups and clustering of cultivars largely correlates with their geographic origin. Taking into account morphology, we found six mis-categorized cultivars. Unique inversions are more often shared between cultivars, carrying advantageous genes and do not directly originate from wild species. Approximately 60% of the inversion breaks carry a long poly A/T motif, and following observations in other plant species, suggest that inversions in melon likely resulted from meiotic recombination events. We show that resistance genes in the linkage V region are expanded in the cultivar genomes compared to wild relatives. Furthermore, particular agronomic traits such as fruit ripening, fragrance, and stress response are specifically selected for in the melon subspecies. These results represent distinctive footprints of selective breeding that shaped today’s melon. The sequences and genomic relations between land races, wild relatives, and cultivars will serve the community to identify genetic diversity, optimize experimental designs, and enhance crop development.
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Zhang, N., B. H. Xu, Y. F. Bi, Q. F. Lou, J. F. Chen, C. T. Qian, Y. B. Zhang, and H. P. Yi. "Development of a muskmelon cultivar with improved resistance to gummy stem blight and desired agronomic traits using gene pyramiding." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 1 (March 13, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2016-cjgpb.

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Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm., is a severe disease affecting Cucurbitaceae crops including melons. The resistance of current melon varieties that carry a single Gsb resistance gene is insufficient to protect against the abundant variation of the D. bryoniae isolates. Pyramiding multiple Gsb resistance genes into melon cultivars is an effective way to develop a broad resistance spectrum and to increase the duration of GSB resistance. In this study, two resistance genes (Gsb-4 and Gsb-6) from two resistant accessions, PI482398 and PI420145, were pyramided into one variety using marker-assisted selection (MAS). The donor parent 4598 that contained Gsb-4 and Gsb-6 was hybridized with muskmelon Baipicui to produce BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>1</sub>. Phenotyping and MAS enabled identification and pyramiding of two Gsb genes in individuals of F<sub>1,</sub> BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>1</sub>. Field cultivation showed that individuals carrying both Gsb-4 and Gsb-6 had improved resistance to GSB and improved fruit quality. The results indicated that MAS-based pyramiding is an effective strategy for breeding melon cultivars with increased resistance to GSB.
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Ulas, Abdullah, Alim Aydin, Firdes Ulas, Halit Yetisir, and Tanveer Fatima Miano. "Cucurbita Rootstocks Improve Salt Tolerance of Melon Scions by Inducing Physiological, Biochemical and Nutritional Responses." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040066.

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A hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess whether grafting with Cucurbita rootstocks could improve the salt tolerance of melon scions and to determine the physiological, biochemical, and nutritional responses induced by the rootstocks under salt stress. Two melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars (Citirex and Altinbas) were grafted onto two commercial Cucurbita rootstocks (Kardosa and Nun9075). Plants were grown in aerated nutrient solution under deep water culture (DWC) at two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (control at 1.5 dS m−1 and salt at 8.0 dS m−1). Hydroponic salt stress led to a significant reduction in shoot and root growths, leaf area, photosynthetic activity, and leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of both grafted and nongrafted melons. Susceptible plants responded to salt stress by increasing leaf proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), ion leakage, and leaf Na+ and Cl− contents. Statistically significant negative correlations existed between shoot dry biomass production and leaf proline (r = −0.89), leaf MDA (r = −0.85), leaf Na+ (r = −0.90), and leaf (r = 0.63) and root (r = −0.90) ion leakages under salt stress. Nongrafted Citirex tended to be more sensitive to salt stress than Altinbas. The Cucurbita rootstocks (Nun9075 and Kardosa) significantly improved growth and biomass production of grafted melons (scions) by inducing physiological (high leaf area and photosynthesis), biochemical (low leaf proline and MDA), and nutritional (low leaf Na+ and ion leakage and high K+ and Ca++ contents) responses under salt stress. The highest growth performance was exhibited by the Citirex/Nun9075 and Citirex/Kardosa graft combinations. Both Cucurbita cultivars have high rootstock potential for melon, and their significant contributions to salt tolerance were closely associated with inducing physiological and biochemical responses of scions. These traits could be useful for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant rootstocks for sustainable agriculture in the future.
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Pérez-de-Castro, Ana, María López-Martín, Cristina Esteras, Ana Garcés-Claver, Francisco Javier Palomares-Ríus, María Belén Picó, and María Luisa Gómez-Guillamón. "Melon Genome Regions Associated with TGR-1551-Derived Resistance to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 5970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175970.

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Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) is one of the main limiting factors of melon cultivation worldwide. To date, no commercial melon cultivars resistant to CYSDV are available. The African accession TGR-1551 is resistant to CYSDV. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been previously reported, both located near each other in chromosome 5. With the objective of further mapping the gene or genes responsible of the resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between TGR-1551 and the susceptible cultivar ‘Bola de Oro’ was evaluated for resistance to CYSDV in five different assays and genotyped in a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis. The major effect of one of the two QTLs located on chromosome 5 was confirmed in the multienvironment RIL assay and additionally verified through the analysis of three segregating BC1S1 populations derived from three resistant RILs. Furthermore, progeny test using the offspring of selected BC3 plants allowed the narrowing of the candidate interval to a 700 kb region. The SNP markers identified in this work will be useful in marker-assisted selection in the context of introgression of CYSDV resistance in elite cultivars.
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Liu, Longzhou, Youyuan Chen, Zhenghong Su, Hui Zhang, and Weiming Zhu. "A Sequence-amplified Characterized Region Marker for a Single, Dominant Gene in Melon PI 134198 that Confers Resistance to a Unique Race of Podosphaera xanthii in China." HortScience 45, no. 9 (September 2010): 1407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1407.

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Melon production in China is threatened by cucurbit powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii, which can cause severe yield losses. Disease reactions of 10 melon P. xanthii race differentials indicated the presence of a unique race of P. xanthii, denoted pxCh1, in the Shanghai area. Resistance to P. xanthii race pxCh1 in melon PI 134198, which originated from India, was controlled by a single, dominant gene, designated Pm-8, in a cross with susceptible melon inbred S717. A search for a molecular marker linked to Pm-8 was initiated using the same cross. Bulk segregant analysis of their F2 progeny revealed one sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker of 148 bp linked to Pm-8, at 3.9 cM. The SRAP segment was recovered, cloned, and sequenced and converted into a sequence-amplified characterized region marker for marker-assisted selection of Pm-8 in breeding programs to develop melon cultivars resistant to P. xanthii race pxCh1.
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Kim, Hoy-taek, Jong-in Park, and Ill-sup Nou. "Identification of fungal races that cause powdery mildew in melon (Cucumis meloL.) and selection of resistant commercial melon cultivars against the identified races in Korea." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 43, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2016.43.1.58.

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Tzitzikas, Emmanouil N., Antonio J. Monforte, Abdelhak Fatihi, Zacharias Kypriotakis, Tefkros A. Iacovides, Ioannis M. Ioannides, and Panagiotis Kalaitzis. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Traditional Greek and Cypriot Melon Cultigens (Cucumis melo L.) Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Variability." HortScience 44, no. 7 (December 2009): 1820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1820.

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Seventeen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among traditional Greek and Cypriot melon cultigens (Cucumis melo L.). All SSR markers were polymorphic with a total number of 81 alleles, whereas all cultigens could be distinguished with at least one SSR, except cultigens 43 and 41. Reference accessions showed larger genetic variability with an average of four alleles per locus and 0.65 gene of diversity compared with an average of 2.47 alleles per locus and 0.30 of gene diversity for the Greek/Cypriot cultigens. Observed heterozygosity was very low, indicating a lack of outcrossing, at least in recent times. Unrooted neighbor-joining tree analysis and population structure analysis clustered the cultigens and the reference genotypes into five groups. All cultigens could be distinguished; the Cypriot cultigens were more closely related to the inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’, whereas the Greek cultigens were located in an intermediate position between the inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’ and the cantalupensis ‘Védrantais’. The cultigen ‘Kokkini’ was the most divergent among the Greek and Cypriot cultigens. This association between geographic origin and genetic similarity among Greek and Cypriot cultigens indicates geographic isolation. Most of the cultivars from the same cultivar group (i.e., inodorus, cantalupensis) clustered together, but some exceptions were found, suggesting that former inodorus landraces would have been transformed to cantalupensis as a result of intercrossing and further selection by farmers. Results of population structure analysis support mixing between cantalupensis and inodorus. ‘Agiou Basileiou’, an inodorus cultigen, was assigned to the subpopulation IV/II of which II is a pure cantalupensis subpopulation. Greek and Cypriot melon cultigens were developed from a broader germplasm base than western Mediterranean cultivars and exhibited useful for melon breeding programs genetic variability.
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IGLESIAS, A., B. PICÓ, and F. NUEZ. "Pathogenicity of fungi associated with melon vine decline and selection strategies for breeding resistant cultivars." Annals of Applied Biology 137, no. 2 (October 2000): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2000.tb00046.x.

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Mottese, Antonio F., Maria R. Fede, Francesco Caridi, Giuseppe Sabatino, Giuseppe Marcianò, Pietro Ravenda, Annamaria D. Gaetano, and Giacomo Dugo. "Fingerprint of PGI Mantova Cucumis melo by ICP-MS and Chemometric Analysis." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200504094207.

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Background and Objectives: In this work, yellow and green varieties of Cucumis melo fruits belonging to different cultivars were studied. In detail, three Sicilian cultivars of winter melons tutelated by TAP (Traditional agro-alimentary products) labels were considered, whereas asun protected the Calabrian winter melon was studied too. With the aim to compare the selective uptakes of inorganic elements among winter and summer fruits, the “PGI Melone Mantovano” was investigated. The purpose of this work was to apply the obtained results i) to guarantee the quality and healthiness of fruits, ii) to producers defend, iii) to help the customers in safe food purchase. Method: All samples were analyzed by ICP-MS and the obtained results, subsequently, were subjected to Cluster analysis (CA), Principal component analysis (PCA) and Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Results: CA results were generally in agreement with samples origin, whereas the PCA elaboration has confirmed the presence of a strong relation between fruit origins and trace element contents. In particular, two principal components justified the 57.32% of the total variance (PC1= 40.95%, PC2= 16.37%). Finally, the CDA approach has provided several functions with high discrimination power, confirmed by the correct classification of all samples (100%). Conclusions: CA, PCA and CDA could represent an integrated to label to discriminate the origin of agri-food products and, thus, protect and guarantee their healthiness.
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Sharma, Sat Pal, Daniel I. Leskovar, Kevin M. Crosby, and A. M. H. Ibrahim. "GGE Biplot Analysis of Genotype-by-environment Interactions for Melon Fruit Yield and Quality Traits." HortScience 55, no. 4 (April 2020): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14760-19.

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The stability of yield and quality traits in nine orange-fleshed melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes was studied over nine environments in south-central Texas (College Station, Uvalde, and Weslaco) over 3 years (2010, 2011, and 2012). Besides yield traits, fruit -quality components such as soluble solids content (SSC), β-carotene, and fruit firmness were also measured. Data were subjected to the combined analysis of variance and trait stability by GGE Biplot. The significant genotype-by-location interactions for yield traits demonstrated the potential to develop location-specific cultivars. However, the temporal fluctuations in productivity emphasized the need to select for stability over several years in potential cultivars for the target environments. Cultivar Mission was confirmed as the most stable and average performing genotype for marketable yield and quality traits at all locations. Uvalde was identified as the ideal location for selecting generally adapted genotypes for south-central Texas. Biplot analysis indicated that Orange Dew was the highest mean performing genotype for SSC. The hybrid Oro Duro, followed by TAMU 146, ranked highest for mean and stability of β-carotene content, but it ranked lowest for fruit firmness. TAMU Orange Casaba exhibited specific adaptation, producing the highest mean fruit yield at Weslaco, while Journey had the highest fruit yield at College Station and Uvalde. Understanding of genotype-by-environment interactions for multiple traits in melon is critical for developing cultivars with high mean performance and stability in target growing environments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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SOUSA, Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira. "Comportamento vegetativo, fisiológico e produtivo na cultura do meloeiro sob salinidade." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/760.

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O cultivo do meloeiro exerce importância social e econômica à Região Nordeste por levar rentabilidade de produtores. Os estresses abióticos são responsáveis pela perda de produção agrícola no mundo inteiro especialmente nas regiões semiáridas, sendo que a salinidade da água e do solo afeta o desenvolvimento e a produção de espécies hortícolas, logo a seleção de cultivares de meloeiro tolerante à salinidade é relevante para a exploração da cultura. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo estudar a influência da salinidade da água e solo nos mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos com o crescimento, eficiência fotossintética e produção de cultivares de meloeiro. O experimento foi realizado em dois ensaios em ambiente de casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Pombal-PB. No primeiro ensaio foi feita seleção de cultivares tolerantes ao estresse salino, testando-se seis cultivares de meloeiro, durante a produção de mudas, com delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 6x5, seis cultivares (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Mandacaru, Iracema e Amarelo Ouro) e cinco concentrações salinas na água de irrigação (0,3; 1,1; 1,9; 2,7; 3,5 dS m -1 CE) com quatro repetições. Foram aferidas mensurações biométricas, fisiológicas e fitomassa. O aumento da salinidade inibiu o desenvolvimento fenológico, aparato fotossintético e acúmulo de massa seca das mudas de meloeiro. As cultivares Natal, Iracema e Goldex foram as mais adaptadas, enquanto que Mandacaru, Solares e Amarelo Ouro as mais sensíveis às condições salinas na produção de mudas. Posteriormente foi realizado o segundo ensaio com o delineamento em blocos cazualizados em esquema fatorial 3x5, três cultivares (Iracema, Goldex e Natal) e cinco concentrações salinas no solo (0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3; 4,3 dS m-1 CE), em quatro repetições para avaliação da biometria, fisiologia e produção. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 20 L em sistema tutorado. Os níveis de salinidade do estrato de saturação do solo foram obtidos a partir da dissolução do cloreto de sódio (NaCl), calculado conforme os tratamentos, considerando a salinidade incial do solo (0,3 dS m-1 ), o peso de solo por vaso (20 kg) e a porcentagem de saturação (23%). Nas condições em que o trabalho foi conduzido conclui-se que o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação inibiu o desenvolvimento com danos fisiológicos as cultivares de meloeiro, mas, dentre as cultivares a Natal revelou maior tolerância aos sais e superou as demais em produtividade.
The cultivation of the melon exerts social and economic importance to the Northeast Region for increasing profitability of producers. Abiotic stresses are responsible for the loss of agricultural production worldwide, especially in semi-arid regions, where salinity of water and soil affects the development and production of horticultural species, so the selection of salinity-tolerant melon cultivars is relevant for the exploitation of culture. In this sense, the study aimed to study the influence of salinity of water and soil on the physiological mechanisms involved with growth, photosynthetic efficiency and production of melon cultivars. The experiment was carried out in two greenhouse experiments at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Agro-Food Science and Technology Center, Pombal-PB. In the first trial, a selection of cultivars tolerant to saline stress was carried out, six cultivars of melon were tested during the production of seedlings, with a randomized block design in a 6x5 factorial scheme, six cultivars (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Mandacaru, Iracema and ) And five saline concentrations in irrigation water (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7, 3.5 dS m -1 EC) with four replications. Biometric, physiological and phytomass measurements were measured. The increase in salinity inhibited the phenological development, photosynthetic apparatus and accumulation of dry mass of the melon seedlings. The cultivars Natal, Iracema and Goldex were the most adapted, while Mandacaru, Solares and Amarelo Ouro the most sensitive to salt conditions in the production of seedlings. The second experiment was carried out with a 3x5 factorial design, three cultivars (Iracema, Goldex and Natal) and five saline concentrations in the soil (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3, 4,3 dS m-1 EC), in four replicates for evaluation of biometry, physiology and production. The experiment was conducted in 20 L pots under tutorship. The salinity levels of the soil saturation stratum were obtained from the dissolution of sodium chloride (NaCl), calculated according to the treatments, considering the initial salinity of the soil (0.3 dS m-1 ), the soil weight (20 kg) and the saturation percentage (23%). In the conditions under which the work was carried out, it was concluded that the increase in the salinity of the irrigation water inhibited the development with physiological damages of the melon cultivars, but, among the cultivars at Natal, it showed higher tolerance to the salts and exceeded the others in productivity.
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Bianchi, Tiago Luís Cardoso Ferreira Pinhanços de. "Correlating sensory attributes, textural parameters and volatile organic compounds for the assessment of distinctive quality traits of melon and peach fruit cultivars." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671744.

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Melons (Cucumis melo L.) and peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) are two commercially important fruit species in the European Union. The quality improvement of melon and peach cultivars is determinant to maintain and increase their acceptance and consumption. In this context, the main objective of this thesis was to investigate key quality attributes of melon and peach fruit cultivars through the correlation of sensory and instrumental methodologies. The correlation of sensory and instrumental methods allowed to identify specific parameters with a positive or negative contribution to the sensory perception of melon and peach fruits, either directly or by their interaction with other quality traits. The combination of these methodologies provided important information for a comprehensive assessment of quality and their application can improve melon and peach fruit quality without compromising other valuable quality traits
El meló (Cucumis melo L.) i el préssec (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) són dues espècies fruiteres d'interès econòmic a la Unió Europea. La millora en la qualitat de varietats de meló i préssec és fonamental per a mantenir i incrementar la seva acceptació i consum. En aquest context, l'objectiu central d'aquesta tesi va ser investigar els principals paràmetres de qualitat de diferents cultivars de meló i préssec mitjançant la correlació d'anàlisis sensorials i instrumentals. La correlació de mètodes sensorials i instrumentals va permetre identificar aquells paràmetres amb impacte positiu o negatiu sobre la percepció sensorial de fruits de meló i préssec, bé directament o mitjançant interacció amb altres trets de qualitat. La combinació d'aquestes metodologies va proporcionar informació important per a una millor avaluació de la qualitat i la seva aplicació permetrà la millora en la qualitat de fruits de meló i préssec sense comprometre altres trets de qualitat d'interès
Programa de Doctorat en Tecnologia
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Tareghyan, Mohammed Reza. "In vitro selection for herbicide resistance in soyabean cultivars and physiological and biochemical characterisation of selected somaclones." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337167.

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Degenhardt, Juliana. "Transcript analysis of apple scab susceptible and resistant Malus domestica Borkh. cultivars and establishment of a mannose selection transformation system for apple." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981902340.

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Silva, Geovana Priscilla da. "Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e estabilidade fenotípica em cultivadores de algodoeiro herbáceo." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2018. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2970.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Cotton is one of the most important crops worldwide because of its fiber is used as raw mat e- rial for the textile industry and the processing of fiber generates by-products of great commer- cial value. In Brazil, cotton is cultivated in several regions in different production systems, causing a high interaction genotypes x environments, which makes difficult to obtain adapted and stable materials. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters, sele c- tion index and phenotypic stability of upland cotton cultivars cultivated in the State of Mato Grosso. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in eight environments of the State of Mato Grosso from the Regional Cotton Varieties Test from Cotton Breeding Program of Embrapa Cotton for the Savanna conditions in 2008/09 season. The evaluated characteristics were: seed cotton yield, fiber percentage, lint yield, fiber length, fiber strength and micronaire index. Individual and joint analyzes of variance were performed and the genetic parameters were estimated. The Mulamba & Mock selection index was applied and the adaptability and stability analysis was performed based on the GGE biplot multivariate methodology. Using the Mulamba & Mock index, the most productive and adapted genotypes were FM 993, FM 910, followed by CNPA MT 04-2080, BRS BURITI and CNPA MT 04-2088. In relation to the capture ratio of the GxA interaction in the first two axes by GGE biplot methodology it was observed 68.52% and 88.94%, for PROD and PRODF respectively. It was observed similarity in the behavior of the genotypes for the PROD and PRODF characteristics, the majority of the genotypes were stable in the set of environments, except for: BRS BURITI, DELTA OPAL and LD CV 02. As for the set of environments, it was observed that the Pedra Preta environment was the one that most contributed to the GxA interaction. There is genetic variability among the genotypes for the agronomic and fiber quality characteristics, and can be used for crosses in other cotton breeding programs, aiming at the incorporation of specific characteristics. The GGE biplot methodology proved to be very efficient to select stable and adapted genotypes in the cotton crop.
O algodoeiro é uma das mais importantes culturas do mundo, porque sua fibra é usada como matéria prima para a indústria têxtil e o beneficiamento da fibra gera subprodutos de grande valor comercial. No Brasil é cultivado em diversas regiões em diferentes sistemas de prod u- ção, causando uma elevada interação genótipos x ambientes, o que dificulta a obtenção de materiais adaptados e estáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos, o índice de seleção e a estabilidade fenotípica de cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo cultivados no Estado do Mato Grosso. Foram avaliados dezesseis genótipos em oito ambientes do Estado do Mato Grosso oriundos do Ensaio Regional de Cultivares de Algodoeiro para as condições do Cerrado, safra 2008/09. As características avaliadas foram: produtividade de algodão em caroço, porcentagem de fibras, produtividade da fibra, comprimento de fibras, resistência da fibra e o índice de micronaire. Realizou-se análises de variância individual, conjunta e esti- mou-se os parâmetros genéticos. Em seguida foi aplicado o índice de seleção de Mulamba & Mock e realizada a análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade baseada na metodologia multiva- riada GGE biplot. Através do índice de Mulamba & Mock, os genótipos mais produtivos e adaptados foram: FM 993, FM 910, seguidos de CNPA MT 04 - 2080, BRS BURITI e CNPA MT 04 - 2088. Em relação a proporção de captura da interação GxA nos dois primeiros eixos pela metodologia GGE biplot para PROD e PRODF, observou-se 68,52% e 88,94%, respecti- vamente. Notou-se similaridade no comportamento dos genótipos para as características PROD e PRODF, a maioria dos genótipos apresentaram-se estáveis no conjunto de ambientes, com exceção de: BRS BURITI, DELTA OPAL e LD CV 02. Quanto ao conjunto de ambientes, verificou-se que o ambiente Pedra Preta foi o que mais contribuiu para a interação GxA. Exis- te variabilidade genética entre os genótipos para as características agronômicas e de qualidade de fibras, podendo serem utilizados para cruzamentos em outros programas de melhoramento do algodoeiro visando a incorporação de características especificas. A metodologia GGE b i- plot mostrou-se bastante eficiente para selecionar genótipos estáveis e adaptados na cultura do algodoeiro.
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Chiorato, Alisson Fernando. "Progresso genético para produtividade do feijoeiro no programa de melhoramento do Instituto Agronômico (IAC) entre 1989 e 2007." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-09022009-153256/.

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No programa de melhoramento genético de feijoeiro do Instituto Agronômico (IAC) foram disponibilizadas até a presente data 38 cultivares de feijoeiro, contribuindo para o aumento da produtividade média no Brasil e, principalmente, no estado de São Paulo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o progresso genético obtido para produtividade do feijoeiro com a pesquisa desenvolvida pelo IAC no período de 1989 a 2007. Foram avaliados 211 experimentos e 134 linhagens avançadas, distribuídas em 10 ciclos de seleção e conduzidas em três épocas de semeadura do feijoeiro. O progresso genético foi estimado para os períodos de pesquisa de 1989 a 1996 e de 1997 a 2007 em função das características dos experimentos de avaliação. No segundo período, estimou-se também o ganho por épocas de semeadura e tipos de tegumento. Nas análises, utilizou-se um modelo misto cujos efeitos foram obtidos por meio de quadrados mínimos ponderados, obtendo-se médias ajustadas em relação à produtividade média dos genótipos. Em seguida, a partir das médias ajustadas, realizou-se a análise de regressão linear para obtenção do progresso genético estimado por ciclo de seleção. No período entre 1989 a 1996, obteve-se um ganho relativo significativo de 1,91% por ciclo de seleção. Para o período de 1997 a 2007, o ganho obtido foi negativo (-0,51%), mas não significativo estatisticamente, ou seja, pode ser considerado como uma estabilização no ganho em produtividade. Embora a estimativa do ganho, no segundo período, tenha sido estável este valor foi cerca de 1000 kg/ha superior em relação à média obtida no primeiro período. Considera-se como a principal causa na estabilização do ganho em produtividade a mudança nos objetivos do programa de melhoramento que buscou obter linhagens com melhor qualidade tecnológica (maior tamanho de grãos e menor tempo de cozimento). Os resultados observados por épocas de semeadura revelaram que na época das águas ocorreu a maior produtividade média, enquanto que na época de inverno, o melhor índice de progresso genético. A separação por tipo de tegumento resultou na ocorrência de ganhos negativos como já esperado, mas não significativos estatisticamente, com valores de -0,64% por ciclo de seleção para o tegumento tipo preto e -0,12% por ciclo de seleção para o tegumento tipo carioca. Considerando-se o progresso genético obtido para os dois períodos de pesquisa, no valor de 0,25% por ciclo de seleção, e a área cultivada de 192 mil hectares no Estado de São Paulo, na safra de 2006/2007, tem-se que este ganho representa um aumento de produtividade em torno de 14.000 sacas de 60 kg. Esse resultado revela que as estratégias de melhoramento de feijoeiro praticadas pelo programa do IAC foram eficientes no desenvolvimento de genótipos superiores.
The genetic breeding program of common beans at Instituto Agronômico (IAC) has released 38 cultivars to the present date, thus contributing to increase the average yield of the crop in Brazil and, mainly, in the state of São Paulo. In this context, the goal of the present work was to evaluate the genetic gains obtained in yield for common beans due to the research developed by IAC during the period comprised from 1989 to 2007. A total number of 211 experiments and 134 advanced lines were evaluated, distributed along 10 selection cycles and carried out in three distinct sowing seasons. Genetic progression was estimated for the research periods of 1989 to 1996 and from 1997 to 2007 depending on the characteristics of the evaluation experiments. During the second period, the gain per sowing season and per tegument type has also been estimated. The analyses have employed a mixed model whose effects were obtained by weighted minimum squares, generating weighted averages according to the mean yield of the genotypes. Subsequently, the linear regression analysis was performed based on the weighted averages in order to calculate the estimated genetic gain per selection cycle. In the period from 1989 to 1996, a significant relative gain of 1.91% per selection cycle was obtained. For the subsequent period of 1997 to 2007, a non-significant negative gain (-0.51%) was obtained, it reflects the stabilization of the yield gain in the period. Although the gain estimate for the second period was stable, the value was approximately 1000 kg/ha superior to the average obtained in the first period. The main cause of the observed stability in the yield gain is likely to be due to the shift in the breeding program goals towards the generation of lines with higher technological features (bigger seeds and shorter cooking time). The results obtained for the distinct sowing seasons indicate that the rainy season favored higher average yield, whereas the winter sowing season exhibited better indices of genetic gain. The classification according to the tegument type resulted in negative gain as expected, although not at statistical significance levels, with values of -0.64% per selection cycle for black tegument and -0.12% per selection cycle for carioca tegument type. Considering the genetic gain for the research cycles investigated, the average of 0.25% gain per selection cycle and the cultivated area of 192 thousand hectares in the state of São Paulo, during the harvesting season of 2006/2007, the gain represents an increase of yield of approximately 14,000 bags of 60 kg. The results reveal that the breeding strategies for common beans employed at IAC were effective to develop superior genotypes.
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Schaefer-Koesterke, Heike Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Vidal, Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] [Becker, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulber. "Effect of plant traits on host selection and performance of rape stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.) (Col.: Curculionidae) on resynthesized lines and cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) / Heike Schaefer-Koesterke. Gutachter: Stefan Vidal ; Heiko C. Becker ; Bernd Ulber. Betreuer: Stefan Vidal." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072820447/34.

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Liu, Ming-Chung, and 劉明宗. "Breeding and selection for double-flowered and fragrant Hippeastrum cultivars." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y7pf4n.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
105
Amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort.) is used in many areas for potted or cut flowers and landscaping. Double-flowered and fragrant cultivars are desirable. We collected 41 single- and 35 double-flowered cultivars for morphological observation. Flowers of single-flowered amaryllis consist of three sepals, three petals, six stamens, and one tri-carpel-united pistil from outer towards inner. Double-flowered cultivars could be classified into two major types. Flowers of type I double-flowered cultivars consist of four organ whorls and further three sub-types could be divided based on degree of petalization. Flowers of type II cultivars had additional whorls of stamen and carpel, and five sub-types could be divided based on degree of petalization. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared from root tips. Results show that 2n=22 chromosomes for ‘Montevedio’, ‘Papillio Butterfly’, and ‘Estella’, while 2n=44 for ‘Gervase’, ‘Fortune’, and ‘Blossome Peacock’. Flow cytometric comparison of ploidy in 19 cultivars, revealed that 6 cultivars were diploid and had DNA contents of 38.72-49.47, as compared to 13 cultivars were tetraploid, with DNA contents of 71.35-94.94 pg. Pollen from normal, defected, and tepalized anthers of six amaryllis cultivars were incubated in B&K medium containing 10% sucrose at 28oC for 2 h. Pollen all germinated, with 50% or higher germination rate, except for tepalized anthers of ‘Splash’. Optimum temperatures for pollen from normal anthers of ‘Blossom Peacock’ ranged from 25 to 35oC. Pollen from three types of anthers in ‘Blossom Peacock’ germinated at 2 h after culture, with 78%-91% germination. Pollen source did not alter fruit set number of hybrid seeds per fruit, and seed germination rate when placed the pollen onto the stigma of ‘Design’. A total of 3936 progenies were created from 65 cross combinations and from the number of single-flowered and double-flowered progenies tried to deduce the inheritance of double-flowered. A model consists of two dominant genes expressed in the heterozygous or homozygous state causing double-flowered phenotype and modified by a recessive locus was proposed. Progenies of 45 cross combination segregated into 1 double : 3 single ratio (χ2 = 0.00-7.68), 16 cross combinations segregated into 3 double : 5 single (χ2 = 0.04-7.48) and 1 cross combination segregated into 1 double : 1 single (χ2 = 0). Since progeny of two fragrant parents are usually fragrant, we selected diploid and tetraploid parents cultivars both have fragrant flowers. The hybrid ovules were collected and cultured in 1/4MS with 15 g·L-1 sucrose medium. The ovules at 14 days after pollination (DAP) had higher germination than those at 7 or 10 DAP. Ovule germination was lower than 18.2% in diploid than tetraploid cultivars as seed parents. Fourteen hybrid progenies were obtained after crossing diploid ‘Estella’ and tetraploid ‘Faro’, ‘Trendsetter’, and ‘Christmas Star’. Flow cytometry revealed that 12 progenies were triploids, and 2 were tetraploids. GC-MS analysis showed that hybrid individuals had fragrant compounds of both parents. Single-flowered ‘San Remo’ was used as seed parent and crossed with double-flowered ‘Blossom Peacock’. A red double-flowered progeny was selected for cut flowers and named as ‘T.S.S. No.1-Pink Pearl’. Single-flowered ‘Design’ was used as seed parent and crossed with ‘Blossom Peacock’. A red double-flowered progeny was selected for potted plants and named as ‘T.S.S. No.2- Red Splendor’. Both cultivars have been granted with plant breeder’s right.
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Yi-Fen and 陳宜芬. "Anti-inflammatory effect of new variety selection of bitter melon and its molecular mechanism." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j75858.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
營養學研究所
100
Pharmacological actions of bitter melon have been investigated for various uses, including antibacterial, antiviral, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and anticancer actions. However, anti-inflammatory effects of new variety selection of bitter melon are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the effects of Momordica charantia, Momordica charantia MDS72, and Momordica charantia ONS33 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages and its molecular mechanism. There are two topics included in this study, (1) Effects of different solvent extracts from the fruit and seed of Momordica charantia, Momordica charantia MDS72, and Momordica charantia ONS33 on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2) Effects of compounds A, B, C, D, and E isolated from the potential bitter melon on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (1) The evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and total phenolics assays. These assays demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity for ethyl acetate extract of bitter melon. These results revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of the fruit of Momordica charantia MDS72 (EAEFMCMDS72) had the most prominent inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) productions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In protein expression, EAEMCMDS72 inhibited LPS-stimulated protein expressions of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. EAEFMCMDS72 also inhibited LPS-stimulated gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (2) Compounds A, B, C, D, and E were isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia MDS72. These results indicated that the compound A had the most prominent inhibitory effect on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, MCP-1, and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) productions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In protein expression, compound A inhibited LPS-stimulated protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphor-ERK (p-ERK), phosphor-JNK (p-JNK), c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In gene expression, compound A also inhibited LPS-stimulated gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), janus kinase 2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results demonstrate that compound A isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia MDS72 suppress LPS-induced NO, PGE2, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-1β productions by inhibiting expressions of p-ERK, p-JNK, and JAK2-STAT3 as well as reducing NF-κB in nucleus of RAW 264.7 cells.
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Chang, Yuan-Tsung, and 張元聰. "Breeding of Low Vernalization-requiring Cultivars/Lines, Selection Indices, Thermal Time of Flowering, andPhylogenetic Relationship in Limonium." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64669659077283136426.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
102
The objectives of this study were to select Limonium cultivars/lines with low vernalization requirement, which are suitable for lowland production in Taiwan. Heat-tolerance-related physiological indices of early-flowering selected Limonium cultivars/lines were compared with commercial cultivars, and cardinal temperatures and thermal times model of flower initiation and development were established. Genetic diversity of Taiwan-native Limonium species from different habitats was also analyzed. Plants of L. sinuatum ‘Excellent Mix’, ‘Turbo Mix’, and ‘Fortress Mix’ were used for selection. The early-flowering individual plants were labelled for mass selection. After selection for 4 to 5 generations, the selected plants flowered 70 to 80 days earlier than the parent populations. The selected ‘Tainan No.1’ and the commercial cultivar Million Purple were mass-propagated by tissue culture. After treated at pre-planting temperature of 35/30℃ for 4 weeks, the average time from planting to flowering of ‘Tainan No.1’ and ‘Million Purple’ were 82.7 and 102.7 days, respectively. Results showed that ‘Tainan No.1’ had lower low temperature requirement and subsequently flowered earlier. ‘Tainan No.1’ has purple calyx and is selected for cut flower production in sub-tropical climates. In the lowland area of Taiwan, ‘Tainan No. 1’ can be planted in October and flowers naturally starting from December with peaked flowering in January and February when the price is high. Plants of ‘Tainan No.1’ and ‘Million Purple’ were grown under day/night temperature of 35/30℃, and measured for leaf relative injury (RI), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and chlorophyll fluorescence. For both cultivars, leaf RI values were lower in plants at 35/30℃ than at 20/15℃. Leaf RI decreased and MDA concentration increased to 64-86 nmol‧g-1 in ‘Tainan No.1’ at 35/30℃ during 6 to 12 days, and both leaf RI and MDA remained unchanged thereafter. In contrast, leaf MDA increased from 59 to 154 nmol‧g-1 in ‘Million Purple’ when treated at 35/30℃ from 6 to 15 days, and leaf RI decreased gradually afterwards. Changes of Fv/Fm and Fo value were similar in both cultivars. ‘Million Purple’ had higher Fo values than ‘Tainan No.1’. ‘Million Purple’ exhibited more decreased Fv/Fm and increased Fo than ‘Tainan No.1’. Late flowering cultivars/lines were those with higher ratios (Day 18 vs Day 0) of leaf RI value, MDA concentration, and Fo value, and lower ratio of Fv/Fm value. The base (Tb), optimum (Topt), and maximum (Tmax) temperatures were determined and the thermal times required for flower initiation and development were calculated in Limonium cultivars ‘Tainan No.1’ and ‘Million Purple’. Plants with 10 to 15 leaves were treated under 3 to 21℃ for 14 to 28 days, and these plants were then placed to 24℃growth room conditions for further growth. Leaf number below the flower and days to visible flower bud were recorded. Rate of progress to flower initiation was calculated as the reciprocal of leaf number below the flower. The estimated Tb, Topt, and Tmax were -3.0, 12.3, and 22.1℃ in ‘Tainan No.1’, and -5.2, 11.3, and 24.7℃ in ‘Million Purple’. Rate of progress to flower bud visibility was calculated as reciprocal of days to visible flower bud. The estimated Tb, Topt, and Tmax were -1.0, 12.0, and 27.2℃ in ‘Tainan No.1’, and -0.9, 10.9, and 23.4℃ in ‘Million Purple’. ‘Tainan No.1’ had saturated vernalization response with vernalizing thermal time of ca. 230℃d, whereas ‘Million Purple’ did not reach saturated response under the conditions constructed. Post-initiation development was studied in plants placed under 15 to 36℃, and floral developmental stage was recorded. The estimated Tb for flower development were 10.7 and 10.1℃ in ‘Tainan No.1’ and ‘Million Purple’, respectively. The thermal times required from flower initiation to anthesis were estimated as 373.8℃d in ‘Tainan No.1’, and 407.2℃d in ‘Million Purple’. High vernalization-requiring ‘Yellow Diamond’ was crossed with L. sinense (Girard) Kuntze, a Taiwan-native species, with year-round flowering characteristics. Tissue cultured plants of selected early-flowering ‘Tainan No.2’ and ‘Yellow Diamond’ were used. Plants with 10-15 leaves were transferred to growth chambers at pre-planting day/night temperatures of 15/10 and 35/30℃ for 4 weeks and then planted in a plastic house. Plants of ‘Tainan No.2’ flowered 10 days earlier and had longer inflorescences than ‘Yellow Diamond’ for the 15/10℃ pre-planting treatment. Flowering of ‘Tainan No.2’ at 35/30℃ was delayed by 10 days compared with those at 15/10℃. In contrast, ‘Yellow Diamond’ plants did not flower after 150 days of cultivation after the 35/30℃ treatment. ‘Tainan No.2’ has yellow calyx and is selected for cut flower production in subtropical climates. In the lowland area of Taiwan, ‘Tainan No.2’ can be planted in October and flowers naturally in winter when the price is high. Seeds of L. sinense from 13 habitats and L. wrightii (Hance) Kuntze from 4 habitats were collected and grown in Tainan under the same conditions for investigation. Results showed that 16 ISSR primers and 220 induced bands were polymorphic. Limonium sinense accessions could be divided into four groups. Group 1 included those from Jinmen and Mazu, and those from Longkeng, Bingdong forms a single group. Group 3 included those from Taipei and Jilong, and Group 4 included those from western seashore and near islands of Taiwan. Relationship between morphological traits and originate habitats was poor. Results showed that ISSR marker could be used for distinguishing Taiwan-native L. sinense plants from different habitat. Limonium wrightii derived from Nanrengang and Jialeshui, Bingdong were not different based on morphological traits and ISSR marker, despite of slight difference in flower color and other morphologies. Plants derived from Lanyu island, Taidong were different with those from Taiwan island in flower color and other morphologies. Plants derived from Ludao, Taidong were similar to those from Lanyu, but had more flower color variation.
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Books on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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Haq, Iftikharul. Evaluation of introduced scion and rootstock cultivars, selection for expansion of persimon, pome and nut fruits project in northern area of N.W.F.P. Pakistan: Final technical report (1st May, 1981 to 30th April, 1988). Tarnab, (Peshawar) N.W.F.P., Pakistan: Agricultural Research Institute, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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Bradshaw, John E. "Clonal Cultivars from Multistage Multitrait Selection." In Plant Breeding: Past, Present and Future, 343–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23285-0_11.

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Mitra, Sisir. "Cultivars and plant improvement." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 110–47. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0006.

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Abstract The major objectives of guava breeding are aimed at improving both plant and fruit characteristics such as to develop high-yielding, high-quality dwarf cultivars with fruits of uniform shape, good size, attractive skin and pulp colour, fewer and/or soft seeds, resistant to wilt, nematodes and long storage life. Selection of superior seedlings has resulted in the development of a number of cultivars in different countries. This chapter describes the Psidium species used in breeding (Psidium cattleyanum, P. guineense, P. acutangulum, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. angulatum and P. littorale), objectives of breeding programmes, introduction and selection, inheritance pattern, interspecific hybridization, polyploidy, mutation and molecular characterization. Guava cultivars growing in different countries (Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, USA and vietnam) are also described.
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Heiniger, R. W., and E. J. Dunphy. "Selection and Application of Cultivars to Different Sites within a Field." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 641–52. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1999.precisionagproc4.c62.

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Bergamaschi, Sonia, and Antonio Sala. "Virtual Integration of Existing Web Databases for the Genotypic Selection of Cereal Cultivars." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: CoopIS, DOA, GADA, and ODBASE, 909–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11914853_57.

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Urquiaga, S., P. B. L. Botteon, and R. M. Boddey. "Selection of sugar cane cultivars for associated biological nitrogen fixation using 15N-labelled soil." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 311–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0889-5_35.

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Liu, Weitao, Qixing Zhou, and Xuhui Li. "Systematic Selection and Identification of Vegetable Cultivars with Low Heavy Metal Accumulation and for Food Safety." In Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China, 413–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6029-8_23.

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Singh, Balwant, Shefali Mishra, Deepak Singh Bisht, and Rohit Joshi. "Growing Rice with Less Water: Improving Productivity by Decreasing Water Demand." In Rice Improvement, 147–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_5.

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AbstractRice is a staple food for more than half of the global population. With the increasing population, the yield of rice must correspondingly increase to fulfill the requirement. Rice is cultivated worldwide in four different types of ecosystems, which are limited by the availability of irrigation water. However, water-limiting conditions negatively affect rice production; therefore, to enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions, improved cultivation practices and drought-tolerant cultivars/varieties are required. There are two basic approaches to cultivation: (1) plant based and (2) soil and irrigation based, which can be targeted for improving rice production. Crop plants primarily follow three mechanisms: drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Based on these mechanisms, different strategies are followed, which include cultivar selection based on yield stability under drought. Similarly, soil- and irrigation-based strategies consist of decreasing non-beneficial water depletions and water outflows, aerobic rice development, alternate wetting and drying, saturated soil culture, system of rice intensification, and sprinkler irrigation. Further strategies involve developing drought-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted selection/pyramiding, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and other breeding and cultivation practices such as early planting to follow escape strategies and decreasing stand density to minimize competition with weeds. Similarly, the identification of drought-responsive genes and their manipulation will provide a technological solution to overcome drought stress. However, it was the Green Revolution that increased crop production. To maintain the balance, there is a need for another revolution to cope with the increasing demand.
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Mitra, Sisir, and P. K. Pathak. "Orchard management." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 172–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0008.

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Abstract Commercial production from a guava orchard begins on the third year after planting and cropping may continue for 40 years or more. The performance of an orchard depends on its management, which includes water and nutrient management, selection of the correct cultivars, planting technique, canopy management for flowering and fruiting, and improved light efficiency through pruning to optimize the quality of young and bearing trees. This chapter provides information on planting system, planting density, training and pruning, intercropping, and weed control in guava orchards.
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Huang, R., and J. Kranz. "Selection of Races of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp hordei Marchal) In Pure and Mixed Stands of Three Spring Barley Cultivars." In Durability of Disease Resistance, 326. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2004-3_54.

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Ali, Jauhar, Mahender Anumalla, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, and Zhikang Li. "Green Super Rice (GSR) Traits: Breeding and Genetics for Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice." In Rice Improvement, 59–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_3.

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AbstractThe frequent fluctuations in global climate variability (GCV), decreases in farmland and irrigation water, soil degradation and erosion, and increasing fertilizer costs are the significant factors in declining rice productivity, mainly in Asia and Africa. Under GCV scenarios, it is a challenging task to meet the rice food demand of the growing population. Identifying green traits (tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient-use efficiency, and nutritional grain quality) and stacking them in high-yielding elite genetic backgrounds is one promising approach to increase rice productivity. To this end, the Green Super Rice (GSR) breeding strategy helps to pool multi-stress-tolerance traits by stringent selection processes and to develop superior GSR cultivars within a short span of 4–5 years. In the crossing and selection process of GSR breeding, selective introgression lines (SILs) derived from sets of early backcross BC1F2 bulk populations through both target traits and non-target traits were selected. Genotyping of SILs with high-density SNP markers leads to the identification of a large number of SNP markers linked with the target green traits. The identified SILs with superior trait combinations were used for designed QTL pyramiding to combine different target green traits. The GSR breeding strategy also focused on nutrient- and water-use efficiency besides environment-friendly green features primarily to increase grain yield and income returns for resource-poor farmers. In this chapter, we have highlighted the GSR breeding strategy and QTL introgression of green traits in rice. This breeding strategy has successfully dissected many complex traits and also released several multi-stress-tolerant varieties with high grain yield and productivity in the target regions of Asia and Africa.
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Conference papers on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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Yusuf, Adib Fakhrudin, Wiko Arif Wibowo, Aprilia Sufi Subiastuti, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Morphological studies of stability and identity of melon (Cucumis melo L.) ‘Hikapel’ and comparative cultivars." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017606.

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Tang, Mi, Jian Ren, Weishun Cheng, Ye Liu, Na Zhang, Hongxia Zeng, Yuhua Li, and Yuhong Sun. "Aroma characterization of two melon cultivars using headspace-solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." In 6th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icimm-16.2016.84.

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Aristya, Ganies Riza, and Aziimatur Rif’ah. "Phenotypic traits of Cucumis melo L. cv. Tacapa and commercial melon cultivars based on multilocation and multiseason trials." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953498.

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Rui Yang, Jihong Cheng, Chen Zhang, and Shao-hui Wang. "Selection of tomato cultivars with resistance to root knot nematodes." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966186.

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Bocherova, I. N., and S. V. Malueva. "Watermelon selection: results and prospects." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-55.

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The main direction of selective work in melon breeding is the creation of varieties with high productivity potential. The purpose of the research was to create a new variety of watermelon ‘Malachite’ and accession 705 that are resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors and possess a set of economically useful traits. The results of twoyear research showed that in 2018, the variety ‘Malachite’ exceeded ‘Sinchevsky’ (standard) by 4.4 t/ha in yield; in 2019, the yield of ‘Malachite’ was 3 t/ha less than that of the standard one. During the two years, accession 705 exceeded standard one by 6.6 t/ha and 1 t/ha, respectively.
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Grosser, Jude W. "The Role of Biotechnology in the Development of Improved Citrus Scion and Rootstock Cultivars." In ASME 1992 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1992-3802.

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The development of improved citrus and scion rootstock cultivars has been limited by several factors, including complex reproductive biology, extended juvenility, and a lack of support and continuity of long-termed conventional breeding programs (Gmitter et al., 1991). Most commercially important scion and rootstock cultivars have arisen from the selection of bud-sport mutations within existing clones or by chance seedling selections. However, there are a few important scion and rootstock cultivars that were developed by conventional breeding. Such scion cultivars are mandarin hybrids developed by USDA breeders, primarily tangelos (mandarin x grapefruit hybrids) and tangors (mandarin x sweet orange hybrids) including ‘Minneola’, ‘Orlando’, ‘Nova’, ‘Page’, ‘Robinson’, ‘Fairchild’, ‘Sunburst’ (Saunt, 1990), and more recently ‘Fall Glo’ and ‘Ambersweet’ (C.J. Hearn, personal communication). Important rootstock cultivars developed by conventional breeding include Swingle citrumelo (grapefruit x trifoliate orange hybrid) and Carrizo and Troyer citranges (sweet orange x trifoliate orange hybrid). Because of renewed interest and the development of improved breeding parents, sexual hybridization will play an increasingly important role in citrus cultivar improvement. The integration of emerging biotechnologies with conventional breeding methods will facilitate and expedite citrus cultivar improvement. Paper published with permission.
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Марко, Н. В. "SELECTION STUDY OF OREGANO IN NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDENS. NEW HIGH-YIELD CULTIVARS OF ORIGANUM VULGARE CV. KRYMCHANKA." In Материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Геномика и современные биотехнологии в размножении, селекции и сохранении растений». Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47882/genbio.2020.71.80.069.

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Sun, Jingwen, Kailou Liu, Qinlei Rong, and Wei Zhou. "Selection and evaluation of high-nitrogen efficiency of early rice cultivars in red soil agro-ecosystem in South China." In 2017 6th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2017.8047060.

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"Marker-assisted selection and yield component assessment of spring wheat plants derived from crosses between spring and winter wheat cultivars." In Current Challenges in Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/icg-plantgen2019-62.

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"The selection of efficient sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) aimed to obtain the cultivars with low-amylose starch properties." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-180.

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Reports on the topic "Selection of melon cultivars"

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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.

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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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