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Demirci, Sevgin, Roven Rommel Fuentes, Willem van Dooijeweert, Saulo Aflitos, Elio Schijlen, Thamara Hesselink, Dick de Ridder, Aalt D. J. van Dijk, and Sander Peters. "Chasing breeding footprints through structural variations in Cucumis melo and wild relatives." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaa038.
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Abstract Cucumis melo (melon or muskmelon) is an important crop in the family of the Cucurbitaceae. Melon is cross pollinated and domesticated at several locations throughout the breeding history, resulting in highly diverse genetic structure in the germplasm. Yet, the relations among the groups and cultivars are still incomplete. We shed light on the melonbreeding history, analyzing structural variations ranging from 50 bp up to 100 kb, identified from whole genome sequences of 100 selected melon accessions and wild relatives. Phylogenetic trees based on SV types completely resolve cultivars and wild accessions into two monophyletic groups and clustering of cultivars largely correlates with their geographic origin. Taking into account morphology, we found six mis-categorized cultivars. Unique inversions are more often shared between cultivars, carrying advantageous genes and do not directly originate from wild species. Approximately 60% of the inversion breaks carry a long poly A/T motif, and following observations in other plant species, suggest that inversions in melon likely resulted from meiotic recombination events. We show that resistance genes in the linkage V region are expanded in the cultivar genomes compared to wild relatives. Furthermore, particular agronomic traits such as fruit ripening, fragrance, and stress response are specifically selected for in the melon subspecies. These results represent distinctive footprints of selective breeding that shaped today’s melon. The sequences and genomic relations between land races, wild relatives, and cultivars will serve the community to identify genetic diversity, optimize experimental designs, and enhance crop development.
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Zhang, N., B. H. Xu, Y. F. Bi, Q. F. Lou, J. F. Chen, C. T. Qian, Y. B. Zhang, and H. P. Yi. "Development of a muskmelon cultivar with improved resistance to gummy stem blight and desired agronomic traits using gene pyramiding." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 1 (March 13, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2016-cjgpb.
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Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm., is a severe disease affecting Cucurbitaceae crops including melons. The resistance of current melon varieties that carry a single Gsb resistance gene is insufficient to protect against the abundant variation of the D. bryoniae isolates. Pyramiding multiple Gsb resistance genes into melon cultivars is an effective way to develop a broad resistance spectrum and to increase the duration of GSB resistance. In this study, two resistance genes (Gsb-4 and Gsb-6) from two resistant accessions, PI482398 and PI420145, were pyramided into one variety using marker-assisted selection (MAS). The donor parent 4598 that contained Gsb-4 and Gsb-6 was hybridized with muskmelon Baipicui to produce BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>1</sub>. Phenotyping and MAS enabled identification and pyramiding of two Gsb genes in individuals of F<sub>1,</sub> BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and BC<sub>2</sub>F<sub>1</sub>. Field cultivation showed that individuals carrying both Gsb-4 and Gsb-6 had improved resistance to GSB and improved fruit quality. The results indicated that MAS-based pyramiding is an effective strategy for breeding melon cultivars with increased resistance to GSB.
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Ulas, Abdullah, Alim Aydin, Firdes Ulas, Halit Yetisir, and Tanveer Fatima Miano. "Cucurbita Rootstocks Improve Salt Tolerance of Melon Scions by Inducing Physiological, Biochemical and Nutritional Responses." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040066.
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A hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess whether grafting with Cucurbita rootstocks could improve the salt tolerance of melon scions and to determine the physiological, biochemical, and nutritional responses induced by the rootstocks under salt stress. Two melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars (Citirex and Altinbas) were grafted onto two commercial Cucurbita rootstocks (Kardosa and Nun9075). Plants were grown in aerated nutrient solution under deep water culture (DWC) at two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (control at 1.5 dS m−1 and salt at 8.0 dS m−1). Hydroponic salt stress led to a significant reduction in shoot and root growths, leaf area, photosynthetic activity, and leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of both grafted and nongrafted melons. Susceptible plants responded to salt stress by increasing leaf proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), ion leakage, and leaf Na+ and Cl− contents. Statistically significant negative correlations existed between shoot dry biomass production and leaf proline (r = −0.89), leaf MDA (r = −0.85), leaf Na+ (r = −0.90), and leaf (r = 0.63) and root (r = −0.90) ion leakages under salt stress. Nongrafted Citirex tended to be more sensitive to salt stress than Altinbas. The Cucurbita rootstocks (Nun9075 and Kardosa) significantly improved growth and biomass production of grafted melons (scions) by inducing physiological (high leaf area and photosynthesis), biochemical (low leaf proline and MDA), and nutritional (low leaf Na+ and ion leakage and high K+ and Ca++ contents) responses under salt stress. The highest growth performance was exhibited by the Citirex/Nun9075 and Citirex/Kardosa graft combinations. Both Cucurbita cultivars have high rootstock potential for melon, and their significant contributions to salt tolerance were closely associated with inducing physiological and biochemical responses of scions. These traits could be useful for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant rootstocks for sustainable agriculture in the future.
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Pérez-de-Castro, Ana, María López-Martín, Cristina Esteras, Ana Garcés-Claver, Francisco Javier Palomares-Ríus, María Belén Picó, and María Luisa Gómez-Guillamón. "Melon Genome Regions Associated with TGR-1551-Derived Resistance to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 5970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21175970.
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Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) is one of the main limiting factors of melon cultivation worldwide. To date, no commercial melon cultivars resistant to CYSDV are available. The African accession TGR-1551 is resistant to CYSDV. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been previously reported, both located near each other in chromosome 5. With the objective of further mapping the gene or genes responsible of the resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between TGR-1551 and the susceptible cultivar ‘Bola de Oro’ was evaluated for resistance to CYSDV in five different assays and genotyped in a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) analysis. The major effect of one of the two QTLs located on chromosome 5 was confirmed in the multienvironment RIL assay and additionally verified through the analysis of three segregating BC1S1 populations derived from three resistant RILs. Furthermore, progeny test using the offspring of selected BC3 plants allowed the narrowing of the candidate interval to a 700 kb region. The SNP markers identified in this work will be useful in marker-assisted selection in the context of introgression of CYSDV resistance in elite cultivars.
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Liu, Longzhou, Youyuan Chen, Zhenghong Su, Hui Zhang, and Weiming Zhu. "A Sequence-amplified Characterized Region Marker for a Single, Dominant Gene in Melon PI 134198 that Confers Resistance to a Unique Race of Podosphaera xanthii in China." HortScience 45, no. 9 (September 2010): 1407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1407.
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Melon production in China is threatened by cucurbit powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii, which can cause severe yield losses. Disease reactions of 10 melon P. xanthii race differentials indicated the presence of a unique race of P. xanthii, denoted pxCh1, in the Shanghai area. Resistance to P. xanthii race pxCh1 in melon PI 134198, which originated from India, was controlled by a single, dominant gene, designated Pm-8, in a cross with susceptible melon inbred S717. A search for a molecular marker linked to Pm-8 was initiated using the same cross. Bulk segregant analysis of their F2 progeny revealed one sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker of 148 bp linked to Pm-8, at 3.9 cM. The SRAP segment was recovered, cloned, and sequenced and converted into a sequence-amplified characterized region marker for marker-assisted selection of Pm-8 in breeding programs to develop melon cultivars resistant to P. xanthii race pxCh1.
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Kim, Hoy-taek, Jong-in Park, and Ill-sup Nou. "Identification of fungal races that cause powdery mildew in melon (Cucumis meloL.) and selection of resistant commercial melon cultivars against the identified races in Korea." Journal of Plant Biotechnology 43, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5010/jpb.2016.43.1.58.
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Tzitzikas, Emmanouil N., Antonio J. Monforte, Abdelhak Fatihi, Zacharias Kypriotakis, Tefkros A. Iacovides, Ioannis M. Ioannides, and Panagiotis Kalaitzis. "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Traditional Greek and Cypriot Melon Cultigens (Cucumis melo L.) Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Variability." HortScience 44, no. 7 (December 2009): 1820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.7.1820.
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Seventeen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure among traditional Greek and Cypriot melon cultigens (Cucumis melo L.). All SSR markers were polymorphic with a total number of 81 alleles, whereas all cultigens could be distinguished with at least one SSR, except cultigens 43 and 41. Reference accessions showed larger genetic variability with an average of four alleles per locus and 0.65 gene of diversity compared with an average of 2.47 alleles per locus and 0.30 of gene diversity for the Greek/Cypriot cultigens. Observed heterozygosity was very low, indicating a lack of outcrossing, at least in recent times. Unrooted neighbor-joining tree analysis and population structure analysis clustered the cultigens and the reference genotypes into five groups. All cultigens could be distinguished; the Cypriot cultigens were more closely related to the inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’, whereas the Greek cultigens were located in an intermediate position between the inodorus ‘Piel de Sapo’ and the cantalupensis ‘Védrantais’. The cultigen ‘Kokkini’ was the most divergent among the Greek and Cypriot cultigens. This association between geographic origin and genetic similarity among Greek and Cypriot cultigens indicates geographic isolation. Most of the cultivars from the same cultivar group (i.e., inodorus, cantalupensis) clustered together, but some exceptions were found, suggesting that former inodorus landraces would have been transformed to cantalupensis as a result of intercrossing and further selection by farmers. Results of population structure analysis support mixing between cantalupensis and inodorus. ‘Agiou Basileiou’, an inodorus cultigen, was assigned to the subpopulation IV/II of which II is a pure cantalupensis subpopulation. Greek and Cypriot melon cultigens were developed from a broader germplasm base than western Mediterranean cultivars and exhibited useful for melon breeding programs genetic variability.
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IGLESIAS, A., B. PICÓ, and F. NUEZ. "Pathogenicity of fungi associated with melon vine decline and selection strategies for breeding resistant cultivars." Annals of Applied Biology 137, no. 2 (October 2000): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2000.tb00046.x.
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Mottese, Antonio F., Maria R. Fede, Francesco Caridi, Giuseppe Sabatino, Giuseppe Marcianò, Pietro Ravenda, Annamaria D. Gaetano, and Giacomo Dugo. "Fingerprint of PGI Mantova Cucumis melo by ICP-MS and Chemometric Analysis." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200504094207.
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Background and Objectives: In this work, yellow and green varieties of Cucumis melo fruits belonging to different cultivars were studied. In detail, three Sicilian cultivars of winter melons tutelated by TAP (Traditional agro-alimentary products) labels were considered, whereas asun protected the Calabrian winter melon was studied too. With the aim to compare the selective uptakes of inorganic elements among winter and summer fruits, the “PGI Melone Mantovano” was investigated. The purpose of this work was to apply the obtained results i) to guarantee the quality and healthiness of fruits, ii) to producers defend, iii) to help the customers in safe food purchase. Method: All samples were analyzed by ICP-MS and the obtained results, subsequently, were subjected to Cluster analysis (CA), Principal component analysis (PCA) and Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Results: CA results were generally in agreement with samples origin, whereas the PCA elaboration has confirmed the presence of a strong relation between fruit origins and trace element contents. In particular, two principal components justified the 57.32% of the total variance (PC1= 40.95%, PC2= 16.37%). Finally, the CDA approach has provided several functions with high discrimination power, confirmed by the correct classification of all samples (100%). Conclusions: CA, PCA and CDA could represent an integrated to label to discriminate the origin of agri-food products and, thus, protect and guarantee their healthiness.
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Sharma, Sat Pal, Daniel I. Leskovar, Kevin M. Crosby, and A. M. H. Ibrahim. "GGE Biplot Analysis of Genotype-by-environment Interactions for Melon Fruit Yield and Quality Traits." HortScience 55, no. 4 (April 2020): 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14760-19.
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The stability of yield and quality traits in nine orange-fleshed melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes was studied over nine environments in south-central Texas (College Station, Uvalde, and Weslaco) over 3 years (2010, 2011, and 2012). Besides yield traits, fruit -quality components such as soluble solids content (SSC), β-carotene, and fruit firmness were also measured. Data were subjected to the combined analysis of variance and trait stability by GGE Biplot. The significant genotype-by-location interactions for yield traits demonstrated the potential to develop location-specific cultivars. However, the temporal fluctuations in productivity emphasized the need to select for stability over several years in potential cultivars for the target environments. Cultivar Mission was confirmed as the most stable and average performing genotype for marketable yield and quality traits at all locations. Uvalde was identified as the ideal location for selecting generally adapted genotypes for south-central Texas. Biplot analysis indicated that Orange Dew was the highest mean performing genotype for SSC. The hybrid Oro Duro, followed by TAMU 146, ranked highest for mean and stability of β-carotene content, but it ranked lowest for fruit firmness. TAMU Orange Casaba exhibited specific adaptation, producing the highest mean fruit yield at Weslaco, while Journey had the highest fruit yield at College Station and Uvalde. Understanding of genotype-by-environment interactions for multiple traits in melon is critical for developing cultivars with high mean performance and stability in target growing environments.
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Schuch, U. K., J. A. Bethke, and R. A. Redak. "THE ROLE OF WATER IN FLORICULTURAL CROP/INSECT INTERACTIONS." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 917–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.917.
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Water stress and N fertilization can have a profound effect on populations of phytophagous insects. While species and cultivar selection can identify plants that are resistant to common insect pests, cultural practices may further decrease the susceptibility to insect attacks. Six poinsettia and six chrysanthemum cultivars were grown under well-watered or water-deficient conditions, and three fertilizer regimes with low, medium, or high concentrations of N. Vegetative plant growth and longevity and fecundity of various insect pests on these plants were determined. Host plant suitability to insects was estimated by the quantity of foliar soluble protein. Low irrigation reduced leaf area and leaf and stem dry weights 36% to 41% in poinsettias and 26% to 28% in chrysanthemum. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations in poinsettia and chrysanthemum. Cultivar-specific differences were found for all variables of vegetative growth in poinsettiasand chrysanthemum. Cultivar also strongly affected insect preference, development, and fecundity. Low irrigation significantly reduced insect survivorship of the silverleaf whitefly on poinsettias. On chrysanthemum, leafminers, thrips, and melon aphids were unaffected by irrigation or fertilizer treatments. Chrysanthemum cultivar choice strongly affected the number of insects or development time.
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Schuch, U. K., J. A. Bethke, and R. A. Redak. "THE ROLE OF WATER IN FLORICULTURAL CROP/INSECT INTERACTIONS." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 917F—918. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.917f.
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Water stress and N fertilization can have a profound effect on populations of phytophagous insects. While species and cultivar selection can identify plants that are resistant to common insect pests, cultural practices may further decrease the susceptibility to insect attacks. Six poinsettia and six chrysanthemum cultivars were grown under well-watered or water-deficient conditions, and three fertilizer regimes with low, medium, or high concentrations of N. Vegetative plant growth and longevity and fecundity of various insect pests on these plants were determined. Host plant suitability to insects was estimated by the quantity of foliar soluble protein. Low irrigation reduced leaf area and leaf and stem dry weights 36% to 41% in poinsettias and 26% to 28% in chrysanthemum. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations in poinsettia and chrysanthemum. Cultivar-specific differences were found for all variables of vegetative growth in poinsettiasand chrysanthemum. Cultivar also strongly affected insect preference, development, and fecundity. Low irrigation significantly reduced insect survivorship of the silverleaf whitefly on poinsettias. On chrysanthemum, leafminers, thrips, and melon aphids were unaffected by irrigation or fertilizer treatments. Chrysanthemum cultivar choice strongly affected the number of insects or development time.
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AKRAMI, MAHMOUD, AHMAD ARZANI, and ZAHRA MAJNOUN. "LEAF ION CONTENT, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF FIELD-GROWN MELON UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 5 (August 2, 2018): 707–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479718000303.
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SUMMARYOur knowledge of melon (Cucumis melo L.) response to salinity stress is limited under field conditions and then the genotype × environment interaction and heritability of agro-morphological traits are poor understood. A field trial (2014/2015) was carried out to evaluate the performance of 17 melon cultivars, including 16 native and one exotic (Galia), under salinity stress. Leaf ion concentrations, agronomic, morphological and fruit quality traits were evaluated and their heritabilities were estimated. The results showed significant effects of salinity stress and genotype on the studied traits except for days to anthesis and peel thickness. Salinity stress also caused significant reductions in fruit weight and leaf K+ concentration, while increasing leaf Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations and total soluble solids. The most salt-tolerant cultivars (‘Sabouni’ and ‘Shahabadi-1’) had higher fruit yield, low leaf Na+ and high leaf K+ concentrations and enhanced K+/Na+ ratio under stress conditions. In general, the heritability estimates were higher under control than under salinity conditions, and the highest heritability was observed for total soluble solids. In addition, fruit weight, number of fruit per plant and leaf Na+ concentration were the strongest predictors of fruit yield, explaining 92% of yield variation under salt stress. These observations suggest that indirect selection based on these traits would be effective in improving fruit production under saline conditions.
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Sánchez, Elsa, Robert Pollock, Timothy Elkner, Thomas Butzler, and Francesco Di Gioia. "Fruit Yield and Physicochemical Quality Evaluation of Hybrid and Grafted Field-Grown Muskmelon in Pennsylvania." Horticulturae 7, no. 4 (April 3, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7040069.
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Selecting vegetable cultivars suitable to local environmental conditions and with quality traits desired by the evolving market and consumer needs is an important production decision farmers face annually. As seed companies continue to expand their offerings of new cultivars and rootstocks, selecting the best cultivar and/or scion/rootstock combination can be challenging for farmers. Land-grant universities, through their integrated research and extension programs, can provide an unbiased, science-based evaluation of the available cultivar and rootstock options to assist farmers in making this important selection. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate 20 hybrid cultivars and two grafted entries of muskmelons at three locations in Pennsylvania in 2018 and 2019 to provide farmers with science-based recommendations focused on fruit yield and physicochemical quality characteristics. Most cultivars did not differ in fruit yields from the standard “Aphrodite”. “Sugar Cube” produced more, smaller sized melons than “Aphrodite”. However, the combination of the soluble solids concentration, flesh pH, and titratable acidity values was not as favorable, indicating that consumer preference may be lower for “Sugar Cube” than for other cultivars. Yield from grafted entries was not different from the non-grafted “Aphrodite”; although, biotic and abiotic stressors favoring the use of grafting were not present throughout the study. Physicochemical evaluation of the combination of “Aphrodite” scion and “Flexifort” rootstock was more favorable than “Aphrodite/RS841” and non-grafted “Aphrodite”. This combination may be desirable even in the absence of yield stressors.
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Fita, Ana, Néstor Tarín, Jaime Prohens, and Adrián Rodríguez-Burruezo. "A Software Tool for Teaching Backcross Breeding Simulation." HortTechnology 20, no. 6 (December 2010): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.6.1049.
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Plant breeding programs involve multiple steps, and their complete development cannot be experienced by students in a single academic year. Tools of communication and information technologies offer a great opportunity to improve students' skills, but only a few software are available for training undergraduate students in plant breeding programs. Here we present a student-friendly software tool, Retromelon, for simulating the backcross breeding method. We also evaluate its suitability and performance as a learning tool. This software is designed to recreate a real melon (Cucumis melo) backcross breeding program aimed at introgressing the resistance to melon vine decline from the tolerant melon cultivar Pat81 into the susceptible cultivar Piel de Sapo. The software simulates the most important steps and decisions that must be made by a plant breeder in a backcross breeding program, including the number of individuals to evaluate in each generation, evaluation of agronomic traits, and selection of individuals. This software is being used by undergraduate horticulture students. Our results have shown that the use of this tool in the classroom increases the motivation of the students, and therefore, benefits the learning process. This software is available upon request both in English and Spanish versions.
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de Cara, M., E. J. Fernández, R. Blanco, J. C. Tello Marquina, F. J. Estrada, and S. Montoya. "Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 1 in Soil in Colima State, Mexico." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (December 2004): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1383c.
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During the winters of 2002 and 2003, a wilt occurred in melons cultivated on 1,500 ha in Colima State, Mexico. Yield losses reached 25% of final production, despite soil disinfestation with 60% methyl bromide and 40% chloropicrin. On the basis of the observation of plants with necrotic xylem, yellowing, and wilting of leaves, this disease was identified provisionally as Fusarium wilt. During February 2003, four soil samples from affected fields were plated onto a Fusarium-selective medium (1), which resulted in the detection of 2,260 ± 357, 179 ± 76, 668 ± 357, and 1,391 ± 256 CFU/g of F. oxysporum (3). Thirty-one randomly chosen isolates were used to inoculate differential cultivars of melon as described by Risser et al. (4). The cultivars were Amarillo Canario (susceptible to all races), Diana (resistant to races 0 and 2), Tango (resistant to races 0 and 1), and Vulcano (resistant to races 0, 1, and 2) (2). Ten plants of each cultivar, grown on sterilized vermiculite, were inoculated at the first true-leaf stage by drenching with 200 ml of a conidial suspension (1 × 105 CFU/ml) of each isolate. Noninoculated plants of each cultivar served as controls. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with a 16-h photoperiod (18 × 103 lux) and temperatures at 23 to 25°C. Yellowing, wilt, and vascular discoloration symptoms developed on cvs. Amarillo Canario and Diana following inoculation with each of the 31 isolates, while noninoculated plants remained symptomless. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated on potato dextrose agar from the affected plants. On the basis of the combination of affected cultivars, all isolates were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1 in Colima State, Mexico. References: (1) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 8:114, 1975. (2) J. Marín Rodríquez. Portagrano 2004. Vadmecum de Variedades Hortícolas. Agrobook, Spain. 2004. (3) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (4) G. Risser et al. Phytopathology 66:1105, 1976.
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Coffey, John L., Alvin M. Simmons, B. Merle Shepard, Yaakov Tadmor, and Amnon Levi. "Potential Sources of Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Resistance in Desert Watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis) Germplasm." HortScience 50, no. 1 (January 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.1.13.
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Selection for and incorporation of host plant resistance into cultivars is a fundamental strategy to control insects and diseases and may help reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an important pest of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus] and is among the most damaging pests in many agricultural systems worldwide. Citrullus colocynthis L., a perennial melon species indigenous to arid regions of northern Africa, the Mediterranean region, and southwestern Asia, is a valuable source of resistance to insect pests and diseases of watermelon. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate selected C. colocynthis genotypes for sources of resistance to B. tabaci. Thirty genotypes of C. colocynthis, collected in different geographic regions, were evaluated against the heirloom cultivar Calhoun Gray using first a horizontal Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. A selected subset of the genotypes was evaluated in a second experiment in the laboratory using a vertical monitoring assay. In this assay, whiteflies could freely move upward to feed and oviposit on leaves placed in the upper portion of a Y-tube. In a third experiment, a choice assay was conducted on selected genotypes in cages in the greenhouse. Of the 30 C. colocynthis genotypes evaluated, PI 346082 (collected in Afghanistan) exhibited the highest level of resistance against B. tabaci based on all three experiments. PI 537277 (collected in Pakistan) exhibited a significantly high level of whitefly resistance based on low survival of adult whiteflies and a low ratio of nymphs to eggs. PI 346082 and PI 537277 should be a useful source for breeding projects aiming to improve whitefly resistance in watermelon cultivars.
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Donahoo, Ryan S., William W. Turechek, Judy A. Thies, and Chandrasekar S. Kousik. "Potential Sources of Resistance in U.S. Cucumis melo PIs to Crown Rot Caused by Phytophthora capsici." HortScience 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.2.164.
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Phytophthora capsici is an aggressive pathogen that is distributed worldwide with a broad host range infecting solanaceous, fabaceous, and cucurbitaceous crops. Over the past two decades, increased incidence of Phytophthora blight, particularly in eastern states, has threatened production of many vegetable crops. Cucumis melo L. (honeydew and muskmelon), although especially susceptible to fruit rot, is also highly susceptible to crown rot. Currently, little is known about host resistance to P. capsici in C. melo. To assess crown rot resistance in C. melo seedlings, 308 U.S. PIs, and two commercial cultivars (Athena and Dinero) were grown under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings with three to four true leaves were inoculated with a five-isolate zoospore suspension (1 × 104 zoospores per seedling) at the crown and monitored for 6 weeks. All the susceptible control plants of Athena died within 7 days post-inoculation. The majority of the PIs (281 of 308) were highly susceptible to crown rot and succumbed to the disease rapidly and had less than 20% of the plants survive. Several PIs (PI 181748, PI 182964, and PI 273438) succumbed to crown rot earlier than the susceptible melon cultivars. Eighty-seven PIs selected on the basis of the first screen were re-evaluated and of these PIs, 44 were less susceptible than cultivars Athena and Dinero. Twenty-five of the 87 PIs were evaluated again and of these six PI, greater than 80% of the plants survived in the two evaluations. Disease development was significantly slower on these PIs compared with the susceptible checks. High levels of resistance in S1 plants of PI 420180, PI 176936, and PI 176940 were observed, which suggests that development of resistant germplasm for use in breeding programs can be accomplished. Further screening and careful selection within each of these PIs can provide a framework for the development of resistant germplasm for use in breeding programs.
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Del Valle Echevarria, Angel R., Alexandra Campbell, Theodore J. K. Radovich, Tia Silvasy, Sarah Moore, and Michael B. Kantar. "Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Analysis of Fruit and Agronomic Traits of Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) in an Organic Production System." Horticulturae 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010014.
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Interest in the development of organically grown vegetable crops has risen over the past decades due to consumer preferences. However, most crops that have desirable consumer traits have been bred in conventional growing conditions, and their transfer to an organic setting is challenging. Here, the organically grown Hawaiian pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) accession ‘Shima’ was crossed with the conventionally grown Puerto Rican variety ‘Taina Dorada’ to develop a backcross (BC1) population, where ‘Shima’ was the recurrent parent. A total of 202 BC1 (‘Shima’ X F1) progenies were planted in a certified organic field, and twelve traits were evaluated. We used genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) to identify the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with insect tolerance along with commercially desirable traits. A total of 1582 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, from which 711 SNPs were used to develop a genetic map and perform QTL mapping. Reads associated with significant QTLs were aligned to the publicly available Cucurbita moschata genome and identified several markers linked to genes that have been previously reported to be associated with that trait in other crop systems, such as melon (Cucumis melo L.). This research provides a resource for marker-assisted selection (MAS) efforts in Cucurbita moschata, as well as serving as a model study to improve cultivars that are transitioning from a conventional to an organic setting.
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Roberts, Warren, Benny D. Bruton, Thomas W. Popham, and Wayne W. Fish. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF FRESH-CUT WATERMELON THROUGH GRAFTING AND ROOTSTOCK SELECTION." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 871d—871. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.871d.
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The shelf life and over-all quality of fresh-cut watermelon from two cultivars grafted onto four rootstocks were compared with fresh-cut fruit from the nongrafted cultivars. Fresh-cut cubic pieces of about 4.5 cm per side were prepared from ripe watermelons grown at the Lane Research Station and were stored at 5 °C in 35-oz PETE containers. Quality attributes of firmness, soluble solids content, lycopene content, and bacterial counts of the pieces were measured after 0, 5, and 10 days of storage. Sugar content of the cut fruit was independent of rootstock and remained constant over the ten days of storage. Lycopene content of the fruit decreased by 5% to 10% during the storage period, regardless of treatment. Bacterial count on the fruit from all treatments remained low and variable during the ten days at 5 °C. Firmness of cut pieces from fruit originating from the grafted plants was dependent upon the rootstock employed, and melons from grafted plants possessed firmer fruit than did those from the nongrafted plants. Overall, the firmness of fruit from all sources decreased 20% to 30% during the ten days of cold storage. However, the firmness of fruit from some of the rootstocks after 10 days of storage was equal to or significantly higher than that of the fruit from nongrafted plants when it was initially cut. Thus, these studies suggest that grafting to a proper rootstock will produce fresh-cut watermelon that is equal in sweetness and lycopene content to its nongrafted counterpart, but it will possess greater crispness throughout its storage on the supermarket shelf.
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Krut’, M. V. "An overview of innovative developments from the scientific provision of plant selection to resistance to diseases and pests." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 1 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0154.
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The Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS developed methods of plant selection for resistance to major pathogens and assessment methodology the resistance of winter wheat, potatoes, clover and alfalfa to pests to create complex resistant varieties. Donors of potato resistance to cancer, Alternaria, Phomosis and cyst-forming nematodes were identified. Methods for determining the resistance of cereals to high and low temperatures were developed. A collection of the Aegilops biuncialis L. wild wheat samples as sources of new resistance genes to plant diseases and pests was compiled. The soft winter wheat resistance genes to diseases by DNA markers were identified at the Institute of Plant Production named after V. Ya. Yuriev. The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat formed a set of winter wheat cultivars with group and complex resistance to diseases and pests. The Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS established physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance of sunflower, soybean, crown flax to pathogens. Collections of sunflower lines based on complex resistance to sunflower broomrape, dry rot, downy mildew and soybean lines based on complex resistance to white rot and Anthracnose were also created. In the National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture of NAAS", the fodder lupine resistance to the most important pathogens was investi-gated. The Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian Region of NAAS revealed the spring barley, oat, rape, fiber flax varieties and selection numbers resistant to basic diseases; and the Institute of Rice of NAAS – rice cultivars resistant to diseases and pest pathogens. The resistance to main phytophagous insects of the modern genotypes of hemp, fiber flax and crown flax was assessed by the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of NAAS. The assessment method of breeding value for the initial material of the main vegetables on the basis of disease resistance was developed by the Institute of Vegetables and Melons Growing of NAAS. Scientists of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS and V. M. RemesloMyronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS revealed the cucumber and barley resistance to viral diseases. Key words: crops, pests, pathogens, resistance, resistance gene, resistance source.
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Horváth, Lajos, Gábor Gyulai, Zoltán Szabó, Richárd Lágler, Zoltán Tóth, and László Heszky. "Morphological diversity of current melons (Cucumis melo) compared to a medieval type." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 27 (November 15, 2007): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/27/3108.
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Morphological diversity of melon (Cucumis melo); phenotype reconstruction of a medieval sample. Morphological diversity among 47 melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars and landraces from Hungarian germplasm collection (ABI, Tápiószele) were analyzed with an ultimate aim to characterize morphologically cv. Hógolyó, which showed the closest genetic similarity to a medieval melon recovered from the 15th century. Cultivars based on fruit morphology were grouped into the three main types of melon as reticulatus, cantalupensis and inodorus. Cluster analysis (by SPSS-11) based on 23 morphological (quantitative and qualitative) traits recorded revealed an extreme diversity among accessions, nevertheless cultivars were clustered into main melon clusters with only two exceptions of inodorus type cv. Zimovka J. and Afghanistan. Cultivars Sweet ananas and Ezüst ananász; and two Hungarian landraces Kisteleki and Nagycserkeszi showed close similarity. Cultivars Hógolyó and Túrkeve of inodorus typewere also grouped in one cluster, which provide insight into the morphological reconstruction of the medieval melon recovered from the 15th century. These results also indicate that old Hungarian landraces could be re-introduced into breeding programs for broadening genetic base of melon.
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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., Amnon Levi, Kai-Shu Ling, and W. Patrick Wechter. "Potential Sources of Resistance to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew in U.S. Plant Introductions of Bottle Gourd." HortScience 43, no. 5 (August 2008): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1359.
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Powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) can cause severe damage to cucurbit crops grown in open fields and greenhouses. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the United States in grafting watermelon plants onto various cucurbit rootstocks. Bottle gourd plants (Lagenaria siceraria) are being used throughout the world as rootstocks for grafting watermelon. Although gourd plants are beneficial, they may still be susceptible hosts to various soilborne and foliar diseases. Bottle gourd plant introductions (PI) resistant to diseases and pests can be a valuable source of germplasm in rootstock breeding programs. We evaluated 234 U.S. PIs of L. siceraria for tolerance to powdery mildew in two greenhouse tests. Young seedlings were inoculated by dusting powdery mildew spores of melon race 1 on the cotyledons. Plants were rated 2 weeks after inoculation using a 1 to 9 scale of increasing disease severity. Although none of the L. siceraria PIs were immune to powdery mildew, several PIs had significantly lower levels of powdery mildew severity compared with susceptible watermelon cultivar Mickey Lee. The experiment was repeated with 26 select PIs on whole seedlings and cotyledon disks. Significant variability in the level of resistance to powdery mildew on plants within PI was observed. Moderate resistance in several PIs to powdery mildew was confirmed. PI 271353 had consistently lower ratings in the various tests and can be considered the most resistant to P. xanthii race 1 among the L. siceraria accessions evaluated in this study. A few other PIs with moderate resistance to powdery mildew included PI 271357, PI 381840, and PI 273663. These results suggest that novel sources of resistance could be developed by careful selection and screening of several of the PIs with moderate resistance described in our study.
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Namiki, Fumio, Toshiki Shiomi, Kazufumi Nishi, Tsuruo Kayamura, and Takashi Tsuge. "Pathogenic and Genetic Variation in the Japanese Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis." Phytopathology® 88, no. 8 (August 1998): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.804.
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Pathogenic variation among 41 Japanese strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was analyzed by pathogenicity tests with muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. Based on pathogenicity to muskmelon cvs. Amus and Ohi and oriental melon cv. Ogon 9, 41 strains were divided into 3 groups that corresponded completely to Risser's races 0, 2, and 1,2y. To further characterize pathogenic variation within the forma specialis and races, strains were assayed for pathogenicity to 42 additional muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. All strains of race 1,2y were pathogenic to all cultivars tested. Strains of race 0 were divided into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to three muskmelon cultivars; strains of race 2 also were classified into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to two muskmelon cultivars and one oriental melon cultivar. Genetic variation among strains was analyzed by DNA fingerprinting with four repetitive DNA sequences: FOLR1 to FOLR4. Thirty-six fingerprint types were detected among forty-one strains by pooling results of fingerprinting with four probes. Cluster analysis showed distinct genetic groups correlated with races: the fingerprint types detected in each of races 2 and 1,2y were grouped into a single cluster, and two distinct genetic groups were found in race 0. However, pathogenic variation detected within races 0 and 2 could not be differentiated based on the nuclear markers examined.
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Collins, J. K., P. Perkins-Veazie, N. Maness, and B. Cartwright. "Resistance in Muskmelon Cultivars to Melon Aphid." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1367.
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Baldin, Edson LL, José Paulo GF da Silva, and Luiz Eduardo R. Pannuti. "Resistance of melon cultivars to Bemisia tabaci biotype B." Horticultura Brasileira 30, no. 4 (December 2012): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362012000400007.
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The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, is currently one of the most important pests of melon, causing direct and indirect damage to plants, and significantly reducing production in the field. Due to the need for alternative methods of chemical control in melon crops, the melon cultivars AF-646, AF-682, Don Luis, Frevo, Jangada, Nilo, Vereda, Amarelo Ouro and Hales Best were assessed at field, greenhouse, and laboratory trials for resistance to whitefly B. tabaci biotype B. In general, 'Hales Best' and 'Amarelo Ouro' were the most resistant, showing oviposition non-preference against whitefly. The trichome density is associated with the variation in oviposition on the cultivars and should be further investigated in future work. These results may be helpful in melon breeding programs, focusing on plant resistance to B. tabaci biotype B.
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Hata, Trent Y., Arnold H. Hara, and James D. Hansen. "Feeding Preference of Melon Thrips on Orchids in Hawaii." HortScience 26, no. 10 (October 1991): 1294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.10.1294.
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Feeding preference of melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was evaluated on 21 Dendrobium cultivars and the bamboo orchid Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. Pigmented flowers resembling the morphotype phalaenopsis from Phalaenanthe sections were preferred over nonpigmented phalaenopsis, Phalaenanthe × Ceratobium hybrids, and bamboo orchids. This study suggests the separation of susceptible cultivars from preferred cultivars as a pest management strategy for melon thrips control.
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Адилов, М. М., Б. А. Рустамов, А. С. Рустамов, and М. Э. Аманова. "Varieties and hybrids of red cabbage for re-culture in Uzbekistan." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.66.80.004.
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Проведение исследований по подбору сортов краснокочанной капусты – актуальная научная и практическая проблема для сельского хозяйства Узбекистана. Цель исследований: подбор сортов и гибридов краснокочанной капусты при возделывании ее в качестве повторной культуры в летне-осенний период. Исследования проводили на кафедре овощеводства, бахчеводства и картофелеводства Ташкентского государственного аграрного университета. Полевые опыты закладывали на экспериментальной базе НИИ генетических ресурсов растений, расположенной в Кибрайском районе Ташкентской области. Почвы – типичные сероземы давнего орошения с мощностью гумусового горизонта 0,6–1,0 м. В 2015–2019 годах была изучена коллекция из 24 различных сортообразцов краснокочанной капусты, стандант – гибрид F1Primero. Выделены следующие сортообразцы: F1 Red Dynasty, F1Super red, б/н из Китая, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Вместе со стандартом и гибридом F1 Omero, популярным на семенном рынке Узбекистана, они были включены в предварительное сортоиспытание. Было выявлено, что все испытанные сортообразцы по продолжительности вегетационного периода относятся к группе ранних (от посадки до первого сбора 84–92 дня). В конкурсное сортоиспытание были включены вместе со стандартом 4 сортообразца: три наиболее урожайных (б/н из Китая, F1 Ranchero, F1Red Dynasty) и гибрид F1 Omero, отличавшийся высокой завязываемостью и товарностью кочанов. Установлено, что наибольшей облиственностью отличались сортообразцы: F1 Ranchero, б/н из Китая и F1 Red Dynasty, наименьшей – F1 Omero. Лучшей завязываемостью кочанов отличались сортообразцы б/н из Китая и F1Omero, худшей – F1 Red Dynasty. Наиболее крупные кочаны в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания сформировали F1 Ranchero (1,13 кг) и б/н из Китая (1,12 кг), наиболее мелкие – F1Omero (0,98 кг). В питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания стандарт по общей и товарной урожайности превзошли сортообразцы F1 Ranchero (42,8 и 34,3 т/га), б/н из Китая (40,3 и 30,8 т/га) и F1Omero (38,2 и 31,7 т/га соответственно). Для возделывания в повторной культуре рекомендуется использовать гибрид F1 Ranchero и сортообразец б/н из Китая. Conducting research on the selection of varieties of red cabbage is an actual scientific and practical problem for the agriculture of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the research: selection of varieties and hybrids of red cabbage in the cultivation of its repeated culture in the summer-autumn period. The research was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Growing, Melon Growing and Potato Growing of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, located in Kibraisk district, Tashkent region. The soils are typical grey desert soil of long-standing irrigation with a humus layer thickness of 0.6–1.0 m. In 2015–2019, a collection of 24 different cultivars of red cabbage, a standant hybrid F1 Primero, was studied. The following varieties are distinguished: F1 Red Dynasty, F1 Super red, untitled from China, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Together with the standard and the F1 Omero hybrid, which is popular in the seed market of Uzbekistan, they were included in the preliminary variety testing. It was revealed that all the varieties tested in it belong to the group of early varieties according to the duration of the growing season (from planting to the first harvest, 84–92 days). In the competitive variety testing, 4 varieties were included together with the standard: the three most productive (untitled from China, F1 Ranchero, F1 Red Dynasty) and the F1Omero hybrid, which was characterized by high tying and marketability of heads. It was found that the most leafy varieties were: F1 Ranchero, untitled from China and F1 Red Dynasty, the least – F1Omero. The best knotting of the heads was distinguished by untitled cultivars from China and F1 Omero, the worst – F1 Red Dynasty. The largest heads in the nursery of the competitive variety test were formed by F1 Ranchero (1.13 kg) and untitled from China (1.12 kg), the smallest – F1 Omero (0.98 kg). In the nursery of competitive variety testing, the standard for total and commercial yield was surpassed by the varieties F1 Ranchero (42.8 and 34.3 t/ha), untitled from China (40.3 and 30.8 t/ha) and F1 Omero (38.2 and 31.7 t/ha, respectively). For cultivation in repeated culture, it is recommended to use the F1 Ranchero hybrid and the untitled variety from China.
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Thomas, C. E., and E. J. Caniglia. "Evaluation of U.S. Honeydew-type Melons for Resistance against Downy Mildew and Alternaria Leaf Blight." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 1114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.1114.
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Seventeen U.S. honeydew-type cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and three control cultigens were evaluated in replicated, artificial inoculations under controlled conditions for resistance against downy mildew and Alternaria leaf blight. All cultivars tested were susceptible to downy mildew. However, all of the tested cultivars were significantly more resistant to Alternaria leaf blight than the susceptible control. Twelve of these cultivars were not significantly more susceptible to Alternaria leaf blight than the two resistant controls. These cultivars may provide useful sources of Alternaria leaf blight resistance for incorporation into other commercial melon types.
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Turóczi, Gy, K. Posta, L. Badenszky, and R. Bán. "Fusarium wilt of water melon caused by Fusarium solani in Hungary." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-011-0012-3.
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Fusarium wilt of water melon caused byFusarium solaniin HungaryWater melon growers in Hungary have been recently reported a disease resembling that of Fusarium wilt developed on Fusarium resistant cultivars. Diseased samples from different regions of Hungary were collected in 2008 and 2009. The pathogen has been successfully isolated and identified asFusarium solani.All of the isolates are host specific, but are very aggressive on water melon cultivars resistant toF. oxysporumf.sp. niveum. Severe infections occurred only in those fields where water melon has been grown continously for several years, but the pathogen is present in the soil of other fields as well.
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Rabadán, Adrián, M. Antónia Nunes, Silvia M. F. Bessada, José E. Pardo, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, and Manuel Álvarez-Ortí. "From By-Product to the Food Chain: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds as Potential Source for Oils." Foods 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101341.
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Fruit-processing industries annually discard large volumes of fruit by-products. Thousands of tons of melon seeds could be recovered through the year from melon production. These seeds are an excellent source of vegetable oil with significant health-promoting properties due to their unsaturated fatty acid profile and high content of specific bioactive compounds. However, little information exists about the influence of melon cultivars and oil-extraction methods on oil characteristics. In this study, oils from nine different melon cultivars were evaluated. Additionally, two oil-extraction methods (screw and hydraulic press) were studied. Results showed that melon seeds may be used as a novel source of healthy oils. Higher-quality oils were obtained with the hydraulic press; however, low yields reduced industrial interest in this method. Oils extracted from the different cultivars showed high variability in the content of linoleic (51–69%) and oleic (15–34%) acids. Regarding vitamin E, γ-tocopherol was the main isoform found in melon-seed oils (99.81–456.73 mg/kg), followed by α- and δ-tocopherols. Significant concentrations of tocotrienols (α, β, and γ) were also found. Although all cultivars showed positive attributes, principal-component analysis (PCA) showed that Honey Dew and Blanco de Ribatejo could be specifically considered as a potential source of polyunsaturated oils with high concentrations of vitamin E.
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Guan, Wenjing, Xin Zhao, Danielle D. Treadwell, Michael R. Alligood, Donald J. Huber, and Nicholas S. Dufault. "Specialty Melon Cultivar Evaluation under Organic and Conventional Production in Florida." HortTechnology 23, no. 6 (December 2013): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.6.905.
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Interest in producing specialty melons (Cucumis melo) is increasing in Florida, but information on yield performance, fruit quality, and disease resistance of specialty melon cultivars grown in Florida conditions is limited. In this study conducted at Citra, FL, during the 2011 Spring season, 10 specialty melon cultivars were evaluated, in both certified organic and conventionally managed fields, including: Creme de la Creme and San Juan ananas melon (C. melo var. reticulatus), Brilliant and Camposol canary melon (C. melo var. inodorus), Ginkaku and Sun Jewel asian melon (C. melo var. makuwa), Arava and Diplomat galia melon (C. melo var. reticulatus), and Honey Pearl and Honey Yellow honeydew melon (C. melo var. inodorus). ‘Athena’ cantaloupe (C. melo var. reticulatus) was included as a control. ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Diplomat’, ‘Honey Yellow’, and ‘Honey Pearl’ were early maturing cultivars that were harvested 10 days earlier than ‘Athena’. ‘Athena’ had the highest marketable yield in the conventional field (10.7 kg/plant), but the yield of ‘Camposol’, ‘Ginkaku’, ‘Honey Yellow’, and ‘Honey Pearl’ did not differ significantly from ‘Athena’. Under organic production, ‘Camposol’ showed a significantly higher marketable yield (8.3 kg/plant) than ‘Athena’ (6.8 kg/plant). ‘Ginkaku’ produced the largest fruit number per plant in both organic (10 fruit/plant) and conventional fields (12 fruit/plant) with smaller fruit size compared with other melon cultivars. Overall, the specialty melon cultivars, except for asian melon, did not differ significantly from ‘Athena’ in terms of marketable fruit number per plant. ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Diplomat’, and ‘San Juan’ showed relatively high percentages of cull fruit. ‘Honey Yellow’, ‘Honey Pearl’, and ‘Sun Jewel’ exhibited higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) than ‘Athena’ in both organic and conventional fields, while ‘Brilliant’, ‘San Juan’, and ‘Ginkaku’ also had higher SSC than ‘Athena’ under organic production. ‘Honey Yellow’, ‘Sun Jewel’, ‘Brilliant’, and ‘Camposol’ were less affected by powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera xanthii) and downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis) in the conventional field. ‘Honey Yellow’ and ‘Camposol’ also had significantly lower aboveground disease severity ratings in the organic field compared with ‘Athena’, although the root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne sp.) gall rating was higher in ‘Honey Yellow’ than ‘Athena’.
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Sousa, Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira, Caciana Cavalcanti Costa, Genilson Lima Diniz, João Batista dos Santos, and Marinês Pereira Bomfim. "Physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, no. 3 (December 2018): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852495.
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ABSTRACT Melon is one of the most important vegetables for the Brazilian foreign trade. However, in semi-arid areas, the irregular rainfall, excessive use of fertilizers and, especially, poor quality water contribute to the soil salinization, becoming a limiting factor and damaging the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as affecting yield. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity. For that, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the first factor related to melon cultivars (Iracema, Goldex and Natal) and the second one related to soil salinity levels (0.3 dS m-1, 1.3 dS m-1, 2.3 dS m-1, 3.3 dS m-1 and 4.3 dS m-1 of electrical conductivity), with four replications. For soil salinization, a saturation extract with initial soil salinity of 0.3 dS m-1 was obtained, while the other levels were prepared by adding NaCl to the soil. The physiology of melon plants is negatively affected by the increased salinity in the soil. The evaluated cultivars do not show differences in tolerance for the physiological response to soil saline stress.
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Preston, Hailson Alves Ferreira, Clistenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento, Welka Preston, Glauber Henrique de Souza Nunes, Francisco Leandro Costa Loureiro, and Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano. "Silicon slag increases melon growth and resistance to bacterial fruit blotch." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 43 (August 14, 2020): e45075. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.45075.
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Melon bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is the major bacterial melon disease in Northeastern Brazil. We evaluated the effects of applying a silicon (Si) slag on BFB suppressiveness in two melons cultivars as well as in soil chemical attributes and plant growth and nutrition. Slag was incorporated into the soil at concentrations equivalent to 0.00, 0.12, 0.24, 0.47, 0.71, and 1.41 g kg-1 of silicon. Plants were inoculated with Acidovorax citrulli 20 days after emergence. Results showed that amending the soil with Si slag improved the resistance of two melon cultivars against bacterial fruit blotch. Such an effect is probably related not only to the Si uptake by plants but also to changes in soil characteristics and improvement in plant nutrition. Both hybrid cultivars (AF4945 and Medellín) increased biomass, nutrient and Si accumulation as a function of Si doses applied to soil. According to Si concentration and Si to Ca ratio in plant tissue, both cultivars are regarded as intermediary Si-accumulators. We also observed that an intermediate dose of Si (0.71 g kg-1) posed better results on controlling melon bacterial fruit blotch than the highest dose tested
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YOSHIDA, Yuichi, Michio OHI, and Kohei FUJIMOTO. "Differences in Ripening Behavior in Some Melon Cultivars." Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 58, no. 4 (1990): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.58.999.
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Pereira, Francisco A. de L., José F. de Medeiros, Hans R. Gheyi, Nildo da S. Dias, Welka Preston, and Cybelle B. e. L. Vasconcelos. "Tolerance of melon cultivars to irrigation water salinity." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 12 (December 2017): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n12p846-851.
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ABSTRACT The use of saline water for irrigation causes severe restriction to nutritional balance, growth and production in many crops due to the effect of salts on plant and soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars to various levels of irrigation water salinity on yield and fruit quality. A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot randomized block design with four replicates. The factors were five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03 and 3.90 dS m-1) in the plots and five melon cultivars (C1 - Sancho - Pele de sapo; C2 - Medellín - Pele de sapo; C3 - Mandacaru - Canary; C4 - Néctar - Galia; C5 - Sedna - Cantaloupe) in the sub-plots. According to the results, among the five genotypes studied, Sancho was the most salt-tolerant genotype, followed by Mandacaru, Medellín, Sedna and Néctar. Since irrigation water salinity did not influence the mean fruit weight, the reduction in the number of fruits was the main cause of yield reduction of the melon crop under high salinity water. The contents of total soluble solids increased under high salinity level.
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Hosoya, K., M. Kuzuya, T. Murakami, K. Kato, K. Narisawa, and H. Ezura. "Impact of resistant melon cultivars on Sphaerotheca fuliginea." Plant Breeding 119, no. 3 (July 2000): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00489.x.
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Araújo, Ana Laíla de Souza, Francislene Angelotti, and Pedro Martins Ribeiro Junior. "IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE INCREASE ON POWDERY MILDEW IN MELON." Revista de Ciências Ambientais 15, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18316/rca.v15i1.5586.
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The increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) has caused an increase in atmospheric temperature. It is known that temperature is determinant for the occurrence of plant diseases. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature on powdery mildew in detached leaves of different melon cultivars. Nine melon cultivars were used: Araguaia, Awton, Eldorado, Gladial, Gold, Hibix, Natal, Juazeiro and Sancho. Two experiments were carried out with detached leaves in incubators with control of temperature and photoperiod (12/12h). The first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) for the development of the disease and, from this temperature, increments of 1.7, 2.6, 3.1 and 5 °C, corresponding to the IPCC scenarios, were evaluated. The leaves were inoculated with a suspension of conidia of Oidium sp., placed on trays and kept in incubators. It was found that air temperature influences both the incubation period and severity of the disease. The optimum range for the development of melon mildew was 20-25 °C, and the increase in air temperature reduces the severity of the disease and, from 30 °C, there is no appearance of symptoms. The incubation period of melon powdery mildew increases at temperatures of 15 °C and above 27.6 °C. Melon cultivars show different responses to temperature increases. However, all cultivars were susceptible to powdery mildew, with high severity at temperatures favorable to the development of the pathogen.
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Jovanovic, Olga, and Gordana Stojanovic. "Headspace volatiles of selected melon, pear and carrot cultivars." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 12, no. 1 (2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1401041j.
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Herein, we report on the results of solvent- and sorbent-free HS-GC-MS (headspace - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry) analysis of the headspace volatiles (HSVs) of fruits of cultivated melon (Cucumis melo L. cultivar ?ananas dinja? [pineapple melon]) and pear (Pyrus communis L. cultivar ?Julska lepotica? [the beauty of July]), as well as of underground parts of carrot (Daucus carota L. cultivar ?nantes?). The obtained results are comparable to those of the traditional HS method. The main HSVs of melon were 2-methylbutyl acetate (42.9%), ethyl butanoate (11.4%), butyl acetate (10.1%), and methyl 2-methylbutanoate (9.8%); these are mostly biosynthetically related to amino acids. LOX (lipoxygenase) pathway products, hexanal (32.9%) and 1-hexanol (20.8%), and s sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, (E,E)-?-farnesene (24.9%), were found to be the dominant constituents of the pear headspace profile. The dominant HSVs of carrot underground parts were the monoterpenes sabinene (29.2%) and ?-pinene (21.5%).
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Aydogan, Cigdem, Sergul Ergin, and Ece Turhan. "HEAT STRESS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES OF SOME PLANTS OF CUCURBITACEA FAMILY." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.037.
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The effects of high temperatures on melon cvs. Miranda and Poli, watermelon cv. Crimson Tide and zucchini cv. Asma leaves. The leaves obtained from plants were subjected to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C temperatures with gradual increments every 30-minutes. Samples, obtained at each treatment, were analyzed for ascorbic acid content, NADP(H) oxidase, catalase, gluthatione reductase, peroxidases activities and isoperoxidase patterns. The ascorbic acid content slightly increased parallel to temperature increment in zucchini but did not change in watermelon and in both melon cultivars. Melon cv. Poli exhibited comparatively less oxidative damage than cv. Miranda with a lower NAD(P)H oxidase activity. Heat stress induced NAD(P)H activity in watermelon and zucchini comparing to control plants. Results revealed that antioxidative enzyme activities were increased generally up to 50°C then decreased gradually in melon cultivars. Besides cv. Poli generally had higher enzyme activities than cv. Miranda. The activity of catalaes become prominent in watermelon while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase become prominent in zucchini. Acidic isoperoxidase bands with different relative mobility values were found in all species. Besides, basic isoperoxidase band could not be determined in both melon cultivars and watermelon while a basic isoperoxidase band was found in zucchini.
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Rad, M. R. Naroui, H. R. Fanaei, and A. Ghalandarzehi. "Integrated Selection Criteria in Melon Breeding." International Journal of Vegetable Science 23, no. 2 (July 29, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2016.1217447.
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Al-Mughni, Eka Wasi’, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships of Melon (Cucumis melo L. Meloni Cultivar) Based on Expression of Andromonoecious Gene." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.27.2.174.
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Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of horticultural commodities with good economic prospect for melon farmers because of several advantages. 'Meloni' is result of crossing between ‘Sun Lady-3’ and ‘PI 371795’ by Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, UGM. The 'Meloni' plant produces females flowers that expressed by CmACS-7 gene and it can be expected that melon plants 'Meloni' included in the primitive cultivars, while 'Meloni' is a cultivation cultivar. The aim of this research is to study the relation of 'Meloni' kinship to primitive and modern cultivars. Characterization of the CmACS-7 gene is begun by a total isolation process of RNA from a sample of melon plant flowers and detection using a specific primer. The cDNA bands obtained are sequenced and then phylogenetic analysis is performed based on CmACS-7 gene expression using MEGA 7.0. Result of this study show that the presence of the CmACS-7 gene in female and hermaphrodite flowers of ‘Meloni’, ‘PI 371795’, ‘Sun Lady-3’, and ‘Hikapel’. Phylogenetic tree analyze show that ‘Meloni’ from female plant, ‘PI 371795’ and ‘Sun Lady-3’ have closely relation, while 'Hikapel' separated from other cultivars.
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Araujo, Erbia Bressia Gonçalves, Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá, Fernanda Andrade de Oliveira, Lauter Silva Souto, Emanoela Pereira de Paiva, Maria Kaline do Nascimento Silva, Evandro Franklin de Mesquita, and Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito. "Initial growth and tolerance of melon cultivars under salt stress." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 11, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1726.
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The melon crop is normally developed in semiarid regions, where water resources are limited. This scarcity of water is a strong stressor on the crops, and requires the supplementation of existing water supplies with poor quality water, especially saline water. This can impede the growth and production of plants; however, the use of tolerant genotypes may minimize this problem. Thus, a greenhouse experiment was developed at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal Campus, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to study the emergence, initial growth, and tolerance of melon cultivars irrigated with waters of different salt content. We studied three melon cultivars (Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo) irrigated with five levels of saline water (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; and 3.0 dS m-1), arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the treatments distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The plants seeds were monitored for 30 days after sowing, and at 30 days the growth and salinity tolerance index was evaluated. Cultivar Halles Best Jumbo was the most tolerant to saline water during initial stage of growth, while the Gaucho Redondo was more sensitive to salinity. It was found that saline waters up to 1.8 dS m-1 were suitable for irrigation of melon plants round Gaucho and waters up to 2.4 dS m-1 could be used for irrigation of Gaucho Casca de Carvalho and Halles Best Jumbo crops during the initial growth phase.
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Pitrat, M., P. Hanelt, and K. Hammer. "SOME COMMENTS ON INFRASPECIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF CULTIVARS OF MELON." Acta Horticulturae, no. 510 (March 2000): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.510.4.
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Sánchez-Giráldez, H., M. Ramos, and C. de la Cuadra. "MELON CULTIVARS EVALUATION FOR ORGANIC HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN EXTREMADURA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 933 (March 2012): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.933.6.
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Kim, Yong Kyoung, Woo Tae Park, Md Romij Uddin, Yeon Bok Kim, Hanhong Bae, Haeng Hoon Kim, Kee Woong Park, and Sang Un Park. "Variation of Charantin Content in Different Bitter Melon Cultivars." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 1 (2014): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15338.
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Lee, Sang Won, Jae Kwang Kim, Md Romij Uddin, Yeon Bok Kim, Haeng Hoon Kim, Eunsook Chung, Jai-Heon Lee, and Sang Un Park. "Variation of Carotenoid Content in Different Bitter Melon Cultivars." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 2 (2014): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15446.
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Menezes Ayres, Ellen Mayra, Soh Min Lee, Laurie Boyden, and Jean‐Xavier Guinard. "Sensory Properties and Consumer Acceptance of Cantaloupe Melon Cultivars." Journal of Food Science 84, no. 8 (July 24, 2019): 2278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14724.
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Sousa, Valéria F. de O., Caciana C. Costa, Genilson L. Diniz, João B. dos Santos, Marinês P. Bomfim, and Kilson P. Lopes. "Growth and gas changes of melon seedlings submitted to water salinity." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 2 (February 2019): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p90-96.
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ABSTRACT The melon is an outstanding fruit crop in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region due to favorable conditions for cultivation. Water salinity affects the growth and production of several species, but there is tolerance among cultivars of the same species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and gas exchange in melon seedlings subjected to water salinity. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, from September to October 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates, for six cultivars of melon (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Iracema, Mandacaru and Amarelo Ouro) and five irrigation water salinity levels with the following electrical conductivities: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1. Each experimental unit consisted of a polypropylene container with a volume capacity of 0.350 dm3, which contained soil + Basaplant® commercial substrate at a ratio of 2:1. At 25 days after sowing, the plants were evaluated for growth, gas exchange and dry mass accumulation. Increased salinity of irrigation water inhibits the growth, dry mass accumulation and physiological processes of melon cultivars. The cultivar Natal showed to be more tolerant, while the cultivars Solares, Goldex, Iracema and Mandacaru were moderately sensitive and the cultivar Amarelo Ouro was more sensitive to the salinity of irrigation water.
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Amorim, Daniel Vieira, Alessandro Carlos Mesquita, Lígia Borges Marinho, Vanuza De Souza, Saulo De Tarso Aidar, and Marília Mickaele Pinheiro Carvalho. "Gas exchanges of melon under water stress in the Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 41, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 42686. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42686.
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The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – CET), subplots were comprised of the two melon cultivars, and sub-subplots were comprised of samplings for physiological analyses (15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting). The parameters evaluated were stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, relationship CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. Water stress reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. 'Piel de Sapo' showed a higher photosynthetic adjustment than 'Amarelo' melon due to the gas exchange behaviour of the former, and it was, therefore, more tolerant to water stress.