Relevant bibliographies by topics / Selectivity (Psychology) – Testing

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Academic literature on the topic 'Selectivity (Psychology) – Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Selectivity (Psychology) – Testing"

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Kujala, Janne V., and Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov. "Testing for selectivity in the dependence of random variables on external factors." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 52, no. 2 (April 2008): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2008.01.008.

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Okun, Morris A., and Amy Schultz. "Age and motives for volunteering: Testing hypotheses derived from socioemotional selectivity theory." Psychology and Aging 18, no. 2 (2003): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.231.

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Ashida, Hiroshi, and Naoyuki Osaka. "Difference of Spatial Frequency Selectivity between Static and Flicker Motion Aftereffects." Perception 23, no. 11 (November 1994): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p231313.

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The strength of motion aftereffect (MAE) was measured with the use of sinusoidal gratings of several spatial frequencies, to examine the spatial frequency selectivity of two types of MAE. With ordinary static grating as a test stimulus, to measure ‘static MAE’, the maximum aftereffect for each adapting spatial frequency was obtained at the testing stimuli of the same spatial frequency, showing spatial frequency selectivity. However, in the case when the sinusoidally flickering grating was used as a test stimulus, to measure ‘flicker MAE’, no spatial frequency selectivity was observed. The two types of MAE were considered to be based on different mechanisms. Static MAE is thought to depend on the spatiotemporal channel mechanism in the early processing stages, whereas flicker MAE might reflect higher-level processes which might occur at the extrastriate regions.
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Lamben, Anthony. "Expecting Different Categories at Different Locations and Spatial Selective Attention." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 1 (February 1987): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724988743000033.

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An experiment is reported testing the idea that spatial selective attention operates like the beam of a spotlight. Subjects made speeded orientation judgements to alphanumeric characters that could appear at an upper or lower display location. Letters tended (p = 0.8) to occur at one location, while digits tended to occur at the other. Alphanumeric category was pre-cued (p = 0.8). Response times were faster for cued than uncued items. For cued items subjects were faster at the likely location for a cued item. For uncued items this was reversed, with faster responding at the likely location for an uncued item. Hence, location selectivity reflected location probability for each category regardless of short-term expectancy concerning stimulus category. These data are incompatible with a simple spotlight view of spatial selective attention. Alternative explanations, including a modified two-stage spotlight model, were considered.
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Kujala, Janne V., and Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov. "Erratum to “Testing for selectivity in the dependence of random variables on external factors” [J. Math. Psych. 52 (2008) 128–144]." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 54, no. 4 (August 2010): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2010.05.001.

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Iveniuk, James, Peter Donnelly, and Louise Hawkley. "The Death of Confidants and Changes in Older Adults’ Social Lives." Research on Aging 42, no. 7-8 (April 10, 2020): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520917061.

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This study examines the consequences of confidant death for the social lives of older adults, testing hypotheses from socio-emotional selectivity theory and the hierarchical compensatory model. We draw upon longitudinal data from the National Social Life Health and Aging Project—a nationally representative survey of older adults ( N = 2,261). We employ ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordinal logistic regressions in the context of multiple imputation with chained equations, checking our findings with doubly robust estimation. We find that the death of a spouse, but not the death of a family member or friend, was associated with increased support from friends and family, spending more time with family, and more frequent participation in religious services, but not volunteering. Death of other confidants also had little impact on older adults’ social lives, suggesting the robustness of their networks to nonspousal loss.
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Tootell, R. B. H., A. M. Dale, N. Hadjikhani, A. K. Liu, S. Marrett, and J. D. Mendola. "Functional Organisation of Human Visual Cortex Revealed by fMRI." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970007.

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Until recently, comparatively little was known about the functional organisation of human visual cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in conjunction with cortical flattening techniques and psychophysically relevant visual stimulation, has greatly clarified human visual-information processing. To date, we have completed cortical surface reconstructions (flattening), coupled with a wide range of visual stimulus testing, on 28 normal human subjects. Visual activation was acquired on a 1.5 T GE MR scanner with ANMR echo-planar imaging, with the use of a custom, bilateral, quadrature surface coil covering posterior cortex. Approximately ten visual cortical areas can now be functionally localised each with unique functional and topographical properties. The most well-defined areas are: V1, V2, V3, VP, V3A, V4v, MT, SPO, and perhaps MSTd. Most of the properties in these human areas are similar to those reported in presumably homologous areas of macaque, but distinctive species differences also appear to exist, notably in V3/VP, V4v, and V3A. Human areas showing prominant motion-selectivity include V3A, MT/MSTd, SPO, and a small area near the superior sylvian fissure. Retinotopic areas include V1, V2, V3, VP, V4v, and V3A. The human cortical magnification factor appears higher towards the fovea than in macaque, but, like macaque, preferred spatial frequency tuning varies inversely with eccentricity in all retinotopic areas in which sinusoidal gratings are effective stimuli.
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Scheel, Anne M., Mitchell R. M. J. Schijen, and Daniël Lakens. "An Excess of Positive Results: Comparing the Standard Psychology Literature With Registered Reports." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (April 2021): 251524592110074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25152459211007467.

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Selectively publishing results that support the tested hypotheses (“positive” results) distorts the available evidence for scientific claims. For the past decade, psychological scientists have been increasingly concerned about the degree of such distortion in their literature. A new publication format has been developed to prevent selective reporting: In Registered Reports (RRs), peer review and the decision to publish take place before results are known. We compared the results in published RRs ( N = 71 as of November 2018) with a random sample of hypothesis-testing studies from the standard literature ( N = 152) in psychology. Analyzing the first hypothesis of each article, we found 96% positive results in standard reports but only 44% positive results in RRs. We discuss possible explanations for this large difference and suggest that a plausible factor is the reduction of publication bias and/or Type I error inflation in the RR literature.
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Stewart, Fiona, Alan J. Parkin, and Nicola M. Hunkin. "Naming Impairments following Recovery from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Category-Specific?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 44, no. 2 (February 1992): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724989243000037.

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An apparently clear case of category-specific naming impairment selectively affecting animals was detected in a patient who had recovered from herpes simplex encephalitis. However, subsequent investigation demonstrated that these category-specific effects could be eliminated by controlling simultaneously for three factors in picture naming: word frequency, concept familiarity, and visual complexity. The results emphasize the importance of controlling for all factors pertinent to picture naming when attempting to demonstrate category specificity in picture naming. Further testing indicated that deficits were also apparent when naming to definition was required, and some impairment in the ability to answer questions about objects and living things was also noted. Theoretical implications of these data are considered.
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Rummel, Jan, C. Dennis Boywitt, and Thorsten Meiser. "Assessing the Validity of Multinomial Models Using Extraneous Variables: An Application to Prospective Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64, no. 11 (November 2011): 2194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.586708.

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The class of multinomial processing tree (MPT) models has been used extensively in cognitive psychology to model latent cognitive processes. Critical for the usefulness of a MPT model is its psychological validity. Generally, the validity of a MPT model is demonstrated by showing that its parameters are selectively and predictably affected by theoretically meaningful experimental manipulations. Another approach is to test the convergent validity of the model parameters and other extraneous measures intended to measure the same cognitive processes. Here, we advance the concept of construct validity (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955) as a criterion for model validity in MPT modelling and show how this approach can be fruitfully utilized using the example of a MPT model of event-based prospective memory. For that purpose, we investigated the convergent validity of the model parameters and established extraneous measures of prospective memory processes over a range of experimental settings, and we found a lack of convergent validity between the two indices. On a conceptual level, these results illustrate the importance of testing convergent validity. Additionally, they have implications for prospective memory research, because they demonstrate that the MPT model of event-based prospective memory is not able to differentiate between different processes contributing to prospective memory performance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Selectivity (Psychology) – Testing"

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Bleckley, M. Kathryn. "Working memory capacity as controlled attention : implications for visual selective attention." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28885.

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Bridle, Russell. "Does attentional bias to threat causally contribute to the expression of naturalistic anxiety?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0135.

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[Truncated abstract] Over the past several decades substantial research has been conducted investigating the association between attentional bias to emotionally threatening material and anxiety. Tasks such as the emotional Stroop, the dichotic listening task and the visual probe task have been used to document this association, with the visual probe task providing the most direct means of assessing this bias. That this association exists stands beyond contention, however relatively little research has been conducted directly examining the causal nature of this relationship. By using predictive and recovery approaches it is possible to determine how attentional bias and anxiety co vary but not the exact causal nature of this relationship. However, when the visual probe methodology is used attentional bias to threat can be directly manipulated and as such it is possible to determine if attentional bias to threat causally underpins the development and maintenance of anxiety. The purpose of the current research was to deliver an extended attentional training task to anxious individuals by capitalising upon the ability to directly manipulate attentional bias using the visual probe task methodology and assessing the possible therapeutic benefits of such an approach. ...Nevertheless these results provided support for the validity of the causal hypothesis and the technological difficulties associated with administering the task online were ameliorated. Due to the fact that characteristics of both situational and dispositional anxiety are present in a clinical population a revised version of the attentional training task was administered to two groups of non-clinically anxious individuals to determine the impact that avoid threat attentional training has on each of these types of anxiety. High trait anxious students and pregnant women were chosen for this purpose but due to substantial attrition these two experiments failed to provide sufficient evidence to evaluate the causal hypothesis. Two main reasons for this attrition were identified, the motivation of participants and the procedures that were in place to monitor their progress. To ensure that attrition would not compromise future experiments a series of modifications were made and the attentional training program was then readministered to a sample of individuals characterised by dispositional or situational anxiety. A group of self labelled worriers and a sample of Immigrating Singaporean students respectively, were chosen for this purpose. There was no significant influence of avoid threat training on attentional bias for the self labelled worriers, nor any evidence of an attenuation of emotional vulnerability. For the Immigrating Singaporean students, however; there was evidence of a significant reversal of attentional bias to threat post attentional training compared to the control group and a corresponding attenuation of emotional vulnerability and a trend towards a significant attenuation of emotional reactivity. The implications for the causal hypothesis and the therapeutic applicability are discussed as well as several avenues for future research.
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Bertels, Julie. "Influence de la valence émotionnelle de stimuli auditifs sur l'orientation de l'attention." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210337.

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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’investiguer l’influence de la valence émotionnelle négative, positive ou taboue des mots parlés sur l’orientation des ressources attentionnelles, dans la population tout-venant. Pour ce faire, j’ai élaboré des adaptations auditives de paradigmes expérimentaux qui avaient été utilisés auparavant dans le but d’explorer l’influence du contenu émotionnel de stimuli visuels sur l’allocation de l’attention :le paradigme de déploiement de l’attention (Etudes 1 et 3), le paradigme de Stroop émotionnel (Etude 2) et le paradigme d’indiçage spatial émotionnel (Etude 4).

En particulier, les Etudes 1, 3 et 4 m’ont permis d’examiner l’influence de la valence émotionnelle de ces stimuli sur l’attention sélective à une localisation spatiale, évaluée au travers des réponses à une cible subséquente.

Dans la situation de compétition pour les ressources attentionnelles spécifique au paradigme de déploiement de l’attention (Etudes 1 et 3), nous avons observé un engagement préférentiel des ressources attentionnelles vers la localisation spatiale des mots tabous, lorsque ceux-ci étaient présentés à droite, par rapport à la localisation spatiale des mots neutres présentés conjointement. Ces biais attentionnels ont été observés quelle que soit l’attention portée volontairement aux stimuli, la nature de la tâche à réaliser sur la cible, ou la charge cognitive liée à la tâche. De tels biais ont également été observés envers la localisation spatiale des mots négatifs et positifs, mais de manière moins robuste. Lorsque deux stimuli rivalisent pour l’orientation des ressources, la valence choquante serait donc cruciale pour l’orientation de l’attention spatiale. De plus, les mots tabous induisent un ralentissement général des temps de réaction (TRs) à la cible subséquente, quelle que soit sa localisation spatiale.

Au contraire, lorsque des mots-indices sont présentés isolément dans le paradigme d’indiçage spatial émotionnel (Etude 4), la valence émotionnelle négative des mots, mais pas leur valence choquante, paraît cruciale pour l’observation d’effets spatiaux :les stimuli les plus négatifs moduleraient l’orientation spatiale automatique de l’attention suscitée par leur présentation périphérique. Plus précisément, ils empêcheraient l’application de processus attentionnels inhibiteurs des localisations déjà explorées. En outre, la présentation d’un indice périphérique négatif accélère le traitement d’une cible subséquente, quelle que soit sa localisation spatiale.

L’influence de la dimension émotionnelle des mots parlés sur l’attention sélective à une dimension (non-émotionnelle) de ces stimuli a été investiguée grâce au paradigme de Stroop émotionnel (Etude 2). Contrairement à mes autres études, aucun déplacement attentionnel spatial n’était impliqué dans cette situation puisque les participants devaient répondre à chaque essai à une dimension non-émotionnelle (l’identité du locuteur) du stimulus (potentiellement émotionnel) présenté. J’ai ainsi observé une influence de la dimension émotionnelle taboue ou négative des mots sur le traitement de la dimension pertinente d’un mot neutre subséquent, mais pas sur le traitement de la dimension pertinente de ces mots eux-mêmes, suggérant l’occurrence d’effets lents, inter-essais, des mots tabous et négatifs, mais pas d’effet rapide.

Ces données appuient donc l’existence, dans une population tout-venant, d’un mécanisme de traitement involontaire du contenu émotionnel des mots parlés qui influence non seulement l’orientation spatiale et dimensionnelle de l’attention mais également, de manière plus générale, la latence des réponses fournies par le sujet.


Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bechtold, John Ivan. "Attention to radio advertisements: an application of selective attention theory." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27591.

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Books on the topic "Selectivity (Psychology) – Testing"

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Winter, Timothy P. Selective attention of hyperactive, hyperactive-learning disabled, learning disabled, and nondisabled young males: A signal detection analysis. 1986.

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The effects of an induced internal and external attentional focus upon upper body strength. 1993.

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The effects of an induced internal and external attentional focus upon upper body strength. 1993.

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The effects of an induced internal and external attentional focus upon upper body strength. 1993.

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