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Journal articles on the topic 'Selenium oxides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Taskinen, Pekka, Sonja Patana, Petri Kobylin, and Petri Latostenmaa. "Oxidation Mechanism of Copper Selenide." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 5 (2014): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0097.

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AbstractThe oxidation mechanism of copper selenide was investigated at deselenization temperatures of copper refining anode slimes. The isothermal roasting of synthetic, massive copper selenide in flowing oxygen and oxygen – 20% sulfur dioxide mixtures at 450–550 °C indicate that in both atmospheres the mass of Cu2Se increases as a function of time, due to formation of copper selenite as an intermediate product. Copper selenide oxidises to copper oxides without formation of thick copper selenite scales, and a significant fraction of selenium is vaporized as SeO2(g). The oxidation product scales on Cu2Se are porous which allows transport of atmospheric oxygen to the reaction zone and selenium dioxide vapor to the surrounding gas. Predominance area diagrams of the copper-selenium system, constructed for selenium roasting conditions, indicate that the stable phase of copper in a selenium roaster gas with SO2 is the sulfate CuSO4. The cuprous oxide formed in decomposition of Cu2Se is further sulfated to CuSO4.

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2

AVOSCAN, L., H. KHODJA, M. CARRIÈRE, J. COVÈS, and B. GOUGET. "PIXE ANALYSES OF THE SOLUBLE AND MEMBRANE SE-CONTAINING PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROMCUPRIAVIDUS METALLIDURANSCH34 AFTER SELENIUM OXIDES CHALLENGE." International Journal of PIXE 18, no. 03n04 (2008): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083508001430.

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The soil bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 resist selenite by reducing it into the insoluble and less toxic elemental selenium. Two mechanisms of reduction of selenium oxides in C. metallidurans CH34 were highlighted: assimilation leading to organic species and detoxification leading to precipitation of selenite in nanoparticules of elemental selenium. The alkyl selenide detected as an intermediate product during assimilation of selenite or as the major accumulated chemical form during assimilation of selenate was identified as selenomethionine.Soluble and membrane proteins were extracted from C. metallidurans CH34 submitted to selenium oxides challenge. After separation by SDS-PAGE, µPIXE analyses were used for Se identification and quantification at a micrometer scale. The profiles of Se distribution in the different samples suggest a non-specific incorporation of selenium probably reflecting the incorporation of selenomethionin in place of the naturally occurring methionin.

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3

Bébien, Magali, Gilles Lagniel, Jérôme Garin, Danièle Touati, André Verméglio, and Jean Labarre. "Involvement of Superoxide Dismutases in the Response of Escherichia coli to Selenium Oxides." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 6 (2002): 1556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.6.1556-1564.2002.

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ABSTRACT Selenium can provoke contrasting effects on living organisms. It is an essential trace element, and low concentrations have beneficial effects, such as the reduction of the incidence of cancer. However, higher concentrations of selenium salts can be toxic and mutagenic. The bases for both toxicity and protection are not clearly understood. To provide insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed the proteomic response of Escherichia coli cells to selenate and selenite treatment under aerobic conditions. We identified 23 proteins induced by both oxides and ca. 20 proteins specifically induced by each oxide. A striking result was the selenite induction of 8 enzymes with antioxidant properties, particularly the manganese and iron superoxide dismutases (SodA and SodB). The selenium inductions of sodA and sodB were controlled by the transcriptional regulators SoxRS and Fur, respectively. Strains with decreased superoxide dismutase activities were severely impaired in selenium oxide tolerance. Pretreatment with a sublethal selenite concentration triggered an adaptive response dependent upon SoxRS, conferring increased selenite tolerance. Altogether, our data indicate that superoxide dismutase activity is essential for the cellular defense against selenium salts, suggesting that superoxide production is a major mechanism of selenium toxicity under aerobic conditions.

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4

Koudelkova, Zuzana, Zuzana Bytesnikova, Kledi Xhaxhiu, et al. "Electrochemical Evaluation of Selenium (IV) Removal from Its Aqueous Solutions by Unmodified and Modified Graphene Oxide." Molecules 24, no. 6 (2019): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061063.

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The removal of selenium from superficial and waste water is a worldwide problem. The maximum limit according to the World Health Organization (WHO) for the selenium in the water is set at a concentration of 10 μg/L. Carbon based adsorbents have attracted much attention and recently demonstrated promising performance in removal of selenium. In this work, several materials (iron oxide based microparticles and graphene oxides materials) and their composites were prepared to remove Se(IV) from water. The graphene oxides were prepared according to the simplified Hummer’s method. In addition, the effect of pH, contact time and initial Se(IV) concentration was tested. An electrochemical method such as the differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry was used to determine the residual selenium concentration. From the experimental data, Langmuir adsorption model was used to calculate the maximum adsorption capacity. Graphene oxide particles modified by iron oxide based microparticles was the most promising material for the removal of Se(IV) from its aqueous solution at pH 2.0. Its adsorption efficiency reached more than 90% for a solution with given Se(IV) concentration, meanwhile its maximal recorded adsorption capacity was 18.69 mg/g.

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5

Black, DSC, and RJ Strauch. "Nitrones and Oxaziridines. XXXVII. Some Oxidation Reactions of 1-Pyrroline 1-Oxides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 2 (1988): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880183.

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The 2,4-diaryl-1-pyrroline 1-oxides (4) can be converted into the related 2H-pyrrole 1-oxides (5) by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide and anhydrous potassium carbonate. Similar treatment of the 1-pyrroline 1-oxide (6) yielded the succinimido-substituted pyrroline (7). Selenium dioxide oxidation of the tetramethyl nitrone (8) under various conditions gave mixtures containing the compounds (10)-(12). Neither process provides a general conversion of 1-pyrroline 1-oxides into 2H-pyrrole 1-oxides.

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6

Remias, Joseph E., and Ayusman Sen. "Nitrogen oxides/selenium dioxide-mediated benzylic oxidations." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 201, no. 1-2 (2003): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1381-1169(03)00153-5.

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7

Hahn, Benjamin P., and Keith J. Stevenson. "Cathodic electrodeposition of mixed molybdenum–selenium oxides." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 638, no. 1 (2010): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.10.006.

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8

Susarla, Sandhya, Thierry Tsafack, Peter Samora Owuor, et al. "High-K dielectric sulfur-selenium alloys." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaau9785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9785.

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Upcoming advancements in flexible technology require mechanically compliant dielectric materials. Current dielectrics have either high dielectric constant, K (e.g., metal oxides) or good flexibility (e.g., polymers). Here, we achieve a golden mean of these properties and obtain a lightweight, viscoelastic, high-K dielectric material by combining two nonpolar, brittle constituents, namely, sulfur (S) and selenium (Se). This S-Se alloy retains polymer-like mechanical flexibility along with a dielectric strength (40 kV/mm) and a high dielectric constant (K = 74 at 1 MHz) similar to those of established metal oxides. Our theoretical model suggests that the principal reason is the strong dipole moment generated due to the unique structural orientation between S and Se atoms. The S-Se alloys can bridge the chasm between mechanically soft and high-K dielectric materials toward several flexible device applications.

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9

Kaito, Chihiro, and Yoshio Saito. "Studies of copper selenide ultrafine particles by newly developed gas evaporation method." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174667.

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The direct evaporation of metallic oxides or sulfides does not always given the same compounds with starting material, i.e. decomposition took place. Since the controll of the sulfur or selenium vapors was difficult, a similar production method for oxide particles could not be used for preparation of such compounds in spite of increasing interest in the fields of material science, astrophysics and mineralogy. In the present paper, copper metal was evaporated from a molybdenum silicide heater which was proposed by us to produce the ultra-fine particles in reactive gas as shown schematically in Figure 1. Typical smoke by this method in Ar gas at a pressure of 13 kPa is shown in Figure 2. Since the temperature at a location of a few mm below the heater, maintained at 1400° C , were a few hundred degrees centigrade, the selenium powder in a quartz boat was evaporated at atmospheric temperature just below the heater. The copper vapor that evaporated from the heater was mixed with the stream of selenium vapor,and selenide was formed near the boat. If then condensed by rapid cooling due to the collision with inert gas, thus forming smoke similar to that from the metallic sulfide formation. Particles were collected and studied by a Hitachi H-800 electron microscope.Figure 3 shows typical EM images of the produced copper selenide particles. The morphology was different by the crystal structure, i.e. round shaped plate (CuSe;hexagona1 a=0.39,C=l.723 nm) ,definite shaped p1 ate(Cu5Se4;Orthorhombic;a=0.8227 , b=1.1982 , c=0.641 nm) and a tetrahedron(Cu1.8Se; cubic a=0.5739 nm). In the case of compound ultrafine particles there have been no observation for the particles of the tetrahedron shape. Since the crystal structure of Cu1.8Se is the anti-f1uorite structure, there has no polarity.

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10

Jackson, Virgil E., David A. Dixon, and Karl O. Christe. "Thermochemical Properties of Selenium Fluorides, Oxides, and Oxofluorides." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 4 (2012): 2472–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic202417n.

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11

Mokambe, Rashel M., Jason M. Hicks, Dana Kerker, et al. "GVVPT2 multireference perturbation theory study of selenium oxides." Molecular Physics 111, no. 9-11 (2013): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2013.809163.

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12

Rovira, Miquel, Javier Giménez, María Martínez, et al. "Sorption of selenium(IV) and selenium(VI) onto natural iron oxides: Goethite and hematite." Journal of Hazardous Materials 150, no. 2 (2008): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.098.

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13

Hou, Bo, David Benito-Alifonso, Richard F. Webster, David Cherns, M. Carmen Galan, and David J. Fermín. "Synthetic Mechanism Studies of Iron Selenides: An Emerging Class of Materials for Electrocatalysis." Catalysts 11, no. 6 (2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11060681.

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Solution-processed iron selenide nanocrystals (NCs) have recently attracted considerable attention in electrocatalysis water splitting. Nevertheless, a primary challenge in current iron-based NCs chemical synthesis is controlling phase purities between each chalcogen (monochalcogenide, dichalcogenides, and oxides), which requires a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanisms at the early stages of nucleation. Herein, we investigate the fundamental steps in transforming molecular organoiron and organoselenium precursors to iron selenides NCs with the view of developing universal synthesis protocols for phase pure metal selenium and metal oxides NCs. The main intermediate species and volatile by-products are identified by high-resolution electron microscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, and 31P). Experimental evidence suggests that the phase determining factor is the coordinating reactivity difference between olefins (1-octadecene, oleylamine), tributylphosphine and trioctylphosphine associated with their corresponding Se bond cleavage. This work proposes organoselenium interconversion reaction mechanisms during iron selenides synthesis, offering a universal synthetic strategy for other electrocatalytically or photocatalytically active layered metal selenides materials.

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14

Ho, Peter C., Jamal Rafique, Jiwon Lee, et al. "Synthesis and structural characterisation of the aggregates of benzo-1,2-chalcogenazole 2-oxides." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 20 (2017): 6570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00612h.

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15

Krivovichev, Vladimir G., Sergey V. Krivovichev, and Marina V. Charykova. "Selenium Minerals: Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity." Minerals 9, no. 7 (2019): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070455.

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Chemical diversity of minerals containing selenium as an essential element has been analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems and the information-based structural and chemical complexity parameters. The study employs data for 123 Se mineral species approved by the International Mineralogical Association as of 25 May 2019. All known selenium minerals belong to seven mineral systems with the number of essential components ranging from one to seven. According to their chemical features, the minerals are subdivided into five groups: Native selenium, oxides, selenides, selenites, and selenates. Statistical analysis shows that there are strong and positive correlations between the chemical and structural complexities (measured as amounts of Shannon information per atom and per formula or unit cell) and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. Analysis of relations between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence that there is an overall trend of increasing structural complexity with the increasing chemical complexity. The average structural complexity for Se minerals is equal to 2.4(1) bits per atom and 101(17) bits per unit cell. The chemical and structural complexities of O-free and O-bearing Se minerals are drastically different with the first group being simpler and the second group more complex. The O-free Se minerals (selenides and native Se) are primary minerals; their formation requires reducing conditions and is due to hydrothermal activity. The O-bearing Se minerals (oxides and oxysalts) form in near-surface environment, including oxidation zones of mineral deposits, evaporites and volcanic fumaroles. From the structural viewpoint, the five most complex Se minerals are marthozite, Cu(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2·8H2O (744.5 bits/cell); mandarinoite, Fe2(SeO3)3·6H2O (640.000 bits/cell); carlosruizite, K6Na4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12·12H2O (629.273 bits/cell); prewittite, KPb1.5ZnCu6O2(SeO3)2Cl10 (498.1 bits/cell); and nicksobolevite, Cu7(SeO3)2O2Cl6 (420.168 bits/cell). The mechanisms responsible for the high structural complexity of these minerals are high hydration states (marthozite and mandarinoite), high topological complexity (marthozite, mandarinoite, carlosruizite, nicksobolevite), high chemical complexity (prewittite and carlosruizite), and the presence of relatively large clusters of atoms (carlosruizite and nicksobolevite). In most cases, selenium itself does not play the crucial role in determining structural complexity (there are structural analogues or close species of marthozite, mandarinoite, and carlosruizite that do not contain Se), except for selenite chlorides, where stability of crystal structures is adjusted by the existence of attractive Se–Cl closed-shell interactions impossible for sulfates or phosphates. Most structurally complex Se minerals originate either from relatively low-temperature hydrothermal environments (as marthozite, mandarinoite, and carlosruizite) or from mild (500–700 °C) anhydrous gaseous environments of volcanic fumaroles (prewittite, nicksobolevite).

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16

Samra, Kavitej, Mathun Kuganesan, William Smith, et al. "The Pharmacology and Therapeutic Utility of Sodium Hydroselenide." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (2021): 3258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063258.

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Metabolically active gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide) are important signalling molecules that show therapeutic utility in oxidative pathologies. The reduced form of selenium, hydrogen selenide (HSe−/H2Se), shares some characteristics with these molecules. The simple selenide salt, sodium hydroselenide (NaHSe) showed significant metabolic activity, dose-dependently decreasing ex vivo O2 consumption (rat soleus muscle, liver) and transiently inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (liver, heart). Pharmacological manipulation of selenoprotein expression in HepG2 human hepatocytes revealed that the oxidation status of selenium impacts on protein expression; reduced selenide (NaHSe) increased, whereas (oxidized) sodium selenite decreased the abundance of two ubiquitous selenoproteins. An inhibitor of endogenous sulfide production (DL-propargylglycine; PAG) also reduced selenoprotein expression; this was reversed by exogenous NaHSe, but not sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). NaHSe also conferred cytoprotection against an oxidative challenge (H2O2), and this was associated with an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential. Anesthetized Wistar rats receiving intravenous NaHSe exhibited significant bradycardia, metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia. In summary, NaHSe modulates metabolism by inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase. Modification of selenoprotein expression revealed the importance of oxidation status of selenium therapies, with implications for current clinical practice. The utility of NaHSe as a research tool and putative therapeutic is discussed.

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17

Xu, Wenpo, Jian-Ming Zhu, Thomas M. Johnson, et al. "Selenium isotope fractionation during adsorption by Fe, Mn and Al oxides." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 272 (March 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.01.001.

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18

Zafeiriou, Ioannis, Dionisios Gasparatos, and Ioannis Massas. "Adsorption/Desorption Patterns of Selenium for Acid and Alkaline Soils of Xerothermic Environments." Environments 7, no. 10 (2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7100072.

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Selenium adsorption/desorption behavior was examined for eight Greek top soils with different properties, aiming to describe the geochemistry of the elements in the selected soils in terms of bioavailability and contamination risk by leaching. Four soils were acid and four alkaline, and metal oxides content greatly differed between the two groups of soils. The concentrations of Se(IV) used for the performed adsorption batch experiments ranged from 1 to 50 mg/L, while the soil to solution ratio was 1 g/0.03 L. Acid soils adsorbed significantly higher amounts of the added Se(IV) than alkaline soils. Freundlich and Langmuir equations adequately described the adsorption of Se(IV) in the studied soils, and the parameters of both isotherms significantly correlated with soil properties. In particular, both KF and qm values significantly positively correlated with ammonium oxalate extractable Fe and with dithionite extractable Al and Mn, suggesting that amorphous Fe oxides and Al and Mn oxides greatly affect exogenous Se(IV) adsorption in the eight soils. These two parameters were also significantly negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity (EC) values, indicating that increased soluble salts concentration suppresses Se(IV) adsorption. No significant relation between adsorbed Se(IV) and soil organic content was recorded. A weak salt (0.25 M KCl) was used at the same soil to solution ratio to extract the amount of the adsorbed Se(IV) that is easily exchangeable and thus highly available in the soil ecosystem. A much higher Se(IV) desorption from alkaline soils was observed, pointing to the stronger retention of added Se(IV) by the acid soils. This result implies that in acid soils surface complexes on metal oxides may have been formed restricting Se desorption.

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19

Skorinova, K. D., V. V. Kuzmenko, and I. A. Vasilenko. "The Prospect of Creating Medicines Based on Selenium Nanoparticles (Review)." Drug development & registration 9, no. 2 (2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2020-9-2-33-44.

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Introduction. The prospects of using nanoparticles in the production of medicines are widely discussed in the literature. In 2018 alone, the quantity of registration certificates issued by national regulators for medicines that use nanoparticles in one form or another is around forty. Most of them are medicines based on liposomes, polymers, iron oxides, micelles. So far, no registration certificates have been issued for selenium nanoparticles. One of the reasons for this situation in this area, from our point of view, is that the mechanisms of interaction of nanoparticles with cells are not sufficiently studied. The lack of basic research in this area is one of the main obstacles to the development of new-generation drugs based on nanoparticles.Text. This review is devoted to the analysis of scientific data on the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with different types of cells. The article discusses the biological properties of selenium and its role in cell metabolism. Data on the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles on various cell cultures are presented. Methods of preparation of nanoparticles and methods for studying the interaction of nanoparticles with cell cultures are described.Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data allows us to draw conclusions about the relevance of research on the interaction of selenium nanoparticles with living cells. This is necessary to determine the mechanisms of selenium nanoparticles absorption, study their cytotoxic and / or cytostatic action, and distribution in cells. Investigation of the biological interaction of selenium nanoparticles with tumor and normal cells will determine the most informative methods for registering and quantifying their antitumor activity, which is relevant for the development of new drugs to treat cancer.

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20

Back, Thomas G., and M. Vijaya Krishna. "Substitution reactions of carbon nucleophiles with .beta.-(phenylseleno)vinyl sulfone selenium oxides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 19 (1987): 4265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00228a020.

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21

Myneni, S. C. "Abiotic Selenium Redox Transformations in the Presence of Fe(II,III) Oxides." Science 278, no. 5340 (1997): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5340.1106.

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22

Mitchell, Kristen, Raoul-Marie Couture, Thomas M. Johnson, Paul R. D. Mason, and Philippe Van Cappellen. "Selenium sorption and isotope fractionation: Iron(III) oxides versus iron(II) sulfides." Chemical Geology 342 (March 2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.01.017.

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23

Kanari, Ndue, Eric Allain, Seit Shallari, et al. "Thermochemical Route for Extraction and Recycling of Critical, Strategic and High Value Elements from By-Products and End-of-Life Materials, Part I: Treatment of a Copper By-Product in Air Atmosphere." Materials 12, no. 10 (2019): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101625.

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Development of our modern society requests a number of critical and strategic elements (platinum group metals, In, Ga, Ge…) and high value added elements (Au, Ag, Se, Te, Ni…) which are often concentrated in by-products during the extraction of base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn…). Further, recycling of end-of-life materials employed in high technology, renewable energy and transport by conventional extractive processes also leads to the concentration of such chemical elements and their compounds in metallurgical by-products and/or co-products. One of these materials, copper anode slime (CAS), derived from a copper electrolytic refining factory, was used for this study. The sample was subjected to isothermal treatment from 225 to 770 °C under air atmosphere and the reaction products were systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the thermal behavior of the treated sample. The main components of the anode slime (CuAgSe, Cu2-xSeyS1-y, Ag3AuSe2) react with oxygen, producing mostly copper and selenium oxides as well as Ag-Au alloys as final products at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Selenium dioxide (SeO2) is volatilized and recovered in pure state by cooling the gaseous phase, whilst copper(II) oxide, silver, gold and tellurium remain in the treatment residue.

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24

Duc, Myriam, Gregory Lefevre, Michel Fedoroff, et al. "Sorption of selenium anionic species on apatites and iron oxides from aqueous solutions." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 70, no. 1-2 (2003): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(03)00125-5.

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25

Barrier, Nicolas. "Search for new tellurium and selenium oxides with potential ferroelectric and multiferroic properties." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (2019): e204-e204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319093525.

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26

Tian, Quanzhi, Binglin Guo, Chitiphon Chuaicham, and Keiko Sasaki. "Mechanism analysis of selenium (VI) immobilization using alkaline-earth metal oxides and ferrous salt." Chemosphere 248 (June 2020): 126123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126123.

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27

Babu, Boppudi Hari, Kambam Srinivasulu, Gandavaram Syam Prasad, and Chamarthi Naga Raju. "Synthesis of Novel Macroheterocycles containing Phosphorus and Nitrogen." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 10 (2007): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x256127.

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Syntheses of novel 3-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1(indol-1-yl-methylphenyl-phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/selenophosphinoyl methyl)-1 H-indole derivatives were accomplished in two steps. The synthetic route involves the cyclisation of equimolar quantities of 3-[4-chlorophenyl(1 H-3-indolyl)methyl]-1 H-indole (1) with bis(iodomethyl)phenylphosphine, bis(2-bromoethyl)phenylphosphine and tris-2-chloroethylphosphite (2a–c) in the presence of NaH under nitrogen atmosphere in dry THF to get P(III) intermediates (3a–c). These were further converted into the corresponding oxides, sulfides and selenides (4a–i) by reacting them with hydrogen peroxide, sulfur and selenium respectively.

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28

Jackson, Brian P., and W. P. Miller. "Effectiveness of Phosphate and Hydroxide for Desorption of Arsenic and Selenium Species from Iron Oxides." Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, no. 5 (2000): 1616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6451616x.

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29

Provendier, Hélène, Catherine C. Santini, Jean-Marie Basset, and Laurent Carmona. "Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Oxides: The First Well-Defined Selenium(IV) Derivative Grafted onto Silica." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2003, no. 11 (2003): 2139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200200609.

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30

Szlachta, Małgorzata, and Natalia Chubar. "The application of Fe–Mn hydrous oxides based adsorbent for removing selenium species from water." Chemical Engineering Journal 217 (February 2013): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.100.

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31

Thakkar, Megha, and Somenath Mitra. "Bimetallic Oxide Nanohybrid Synthesized from Diatom Frustules for the Removal of Selenium from Water." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1734643.

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Frustules or the rigid amorphous silica cell wall of unicellular, photosynthetic microalgae with unique porous architecture has been used to synthesize a composite by immobilizing zirconium and iron oxides on its surface and in the pores. This was effective for removal of Se from water, which is an emerging contaminant that is a micronutrient at low concentrations but toxic at high concentrations. The adsorption isotherms followed both Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the composite was regenerable. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity for Se(IV) (qm) was 227 mg/g, which is among the highest ever reported. The research findings highlight the synthesis of bimetallic composite as well as the potential of diatoms as hosts for nanomaterials for use in water treatment.

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32

Saji, Viswanathan S., Chan-Yong Jung, and Chi-Woo Lee. "Electrodeposition of Copper, Selenium, Indium, and Gallium on Molybdenum/Surface Oxides: Unary, Binary, Ternary and Quaternary Compositions." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 162, no. 9 (2015): D465—D479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0451509jes.

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33

Bleiman, Nimrod, and Yael G. Mishael. "Selenium removal from drinking water by adsorption to chitosan–clay composites and oxides: Batch and columns tests." Journal of Hazardous Materials 183, no. 1-3 (2010): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.065.

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34

Ikeda, Kazuaki, and Tsukio Ohtani. "Peculiar crystallization of amorphous selenium in the presence of organic liquids: Effects of addition of titanium oxides." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 434-435 (May 2007): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.248.

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35

Oppermann, H., and M. Zhang-Presse. "ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Investigations of Systems Ln2O3-SeO2. Part 2. Samarium Selenium Oxides on the Line Sm2O3-SeO2." ChemInform 32, no. 50 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200150012.

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36

Oppermann, H., M. Zhang-Presse, and P. Schmidt. "ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Investigations of Systems RE2O3-SeO2. Part 5. Ytterbium Selenium Oxides on the Line Yb2O3-SeO2." ChemInform 33, no. 43 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200243014.

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37

Wang, Xiao-Xue, Xiao-Bao Li, Chun-Li Hu, Fang Kong, and Jiang-Gao Mao. "Ag4Hg(SeO3)2(SeO4): a novel SHG material created in mixed valent selenium oxides by in situ synthesis." Science China Materials 62, no. 12 (2019): 1821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-1193-x.

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38

Twinkle Francis, Preejitha V B, and Rajeshkumar S. "Antioxidant activity of Cynodon dactylon mediated selenium nanoparticles." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3301.

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The nanoparticles are known to reduce toxicity, enhance bioactivity and improve targeting cells. The metal and metal oxide nanoparticles such as gold, silver, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, copper oxide, copper sulfide, selenium, hydroxyl apatite, and titanium oxide were used in several biomedical applications especially diagnosis of cancer, etc. The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are explored due toits unique characteristics and various known therapeutic benefits such as anti bacterial, anti fungal and anti cancer activities. The selenium nanoparticles actively involved in the free radical scavenging activity and anti inflammatory activity. The antioxidant activities and reducing risk of cancer.In this present study, Cynodondactylon or Bermuda grass mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and it was characterized using UV- vis spectrophotometer. And its antioxidant effect was analysed using DPPH assay. The plant extract of Cynodondactylon was prepared using distilled water and mixed with the sodium selenite solution. The solution was kept in a magnetic stirrer at 100 RPM for constant stirring while being observed for any colour change. The results showed that there was a significant antioxidant activity and peak confirm the selenium nanoparticles formation. Finally we conclude that the selenium nanoparticles can be used in various drug designing aspects in future.

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39

Breunig, Hans Joachim, and Ditmar Müller. "Reaktionen von Tetrapropyldibismutan mit Chalkogenen und Tetramethyldistiban / Reactions of Tetrapropyldibism uthane with Chalcogens and Tetramethyldistibane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 9 (1986): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-0912.

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Abstract Bis(dipropylbismuth)oxide, -sulfide, -selenide and -telluride are obtained by reactions of tetra propyldibismuthane with elem entaloxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium. Tetramethyldistibane and tetrapropyldibismuthane undergo an exchange reaction to give (dipropylbismuthino)-dimethylstibane.

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40

Porter, Yetta, and P. Shiv Halasyamani. "New alkali–metal–molybdenum(VI)–selenium(IV) oxides: syntheses, structures, and characterization of A2SeMoO6 (A=Na+, K+, or Rb+)." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 174, no. 2 (2003): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00296-2.

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41

Oppermann, H., M. Zhang-Presse, St Weck, and S. Liebig. "ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Investigations in the Systems RE2O3-SeO2. Part 1. Neodymium Selenium Oxides on the Line Nd2O3-SeO2." ChemInform 33, no. 13 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200213020.

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42

Song, Seung Yoon, Dong Woo Lee, and Kang Min Ok. "Rich Structural Chemistry in Scandium Selenium/Tellurium Oxides: Mixed-Valent Selenite–Selenates, Sc2(SeO3)2(SeO4) and Sc2(TeO3)(SeO3)(SeO4), and Ternary Tellurite, Sc2(TeO3)3." Inorganic Chemistry 53, no. 13 (2014): 7040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic501009c.

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43

Maaninen, Tiina, Heikki M. Tuononen, Gabriele Schatte, et al. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Structural Trends for Selenium(IV) Imides and Oxides: X-ray Structure of Se3(NAd)2." Inorganic Chemistry 43, no. 6 (2004): 2097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic034944b.

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44

Otten, P. A., та A. Van der Gen. "The Reaction of α-Amino-Substituted Diphenylphosphine Oxides with Elemental Sulfur and Selenium. A New Route to Thio- and Selenoamides". Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 111, № 1 (1996): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608054820.

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45

Garayev, A. M., and A. B. Rzayeva. "SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF TRIPLE NANO COMPOUNDS BISBSE3 IN A LIQUID PHASE." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 7(76) (2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.76.931.

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Ternary compounds of bismuth antimony selenide have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions in ethylene glycol medium at the temperature of 453-463 K during 15 hours from bismuth (III) oxide, antimony (III) oxide, elemental selenium (amorph) and hydrazine monohydrate. At a temperature of 453-463 K, after a 15-hour synthesis, a flocculent precipitate is obtained. The thermographic, differential thermal (DTA), X-ray (XRD), chemical, and morphological analyses of the compound were performed and it was found that the crystals of the compound are presented in the form of nano and micro-shelves. The results showed that the composition of selenium compounds of antimony bismuth corresponds to the BiSbSe3 formulas

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Chi, Xuepeng, Wei Wei, Weixing Zhang, Zhenguo Liu, Hongfang Wang, and Baohua Xu. "Sodium Selenium Enhances the Antioxidative Activities and Immune Functions of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Increases the Selenium Content in Royal Jelly." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 1 (2019): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz131.

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Abstract Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, has been demonstrated to play an important role in life activities. In this study, we studied the effects of sucrose solutions containing sodium selenite on Apis mellifera (L.). We obtained the appropriate level of sodium selenite for A. mellifera by determining the life span by lab rearing, and then, we studied the effects of sodium selenite on antioxidant activity, phenol oxidase activity, development of the hypopharyngeal gland, Se content of body tissues and royal jelly (RJ), and related gene transcription levels for a bee colony. The results of lab rearing showed that a concentration of 0.57 mg/liter sodium selenium could extend life. After feeding the colony sodium selenium at concentrations of 0.3 mg/liter and 0.6 mg/liter, the results showed that 0.6 mg/liter sodium selenite could enhance the antioxidant and immune activity of 6-d-old larvae and 1-d-old and 9-d-old worker bees (P &lt; 0.05), increase the Se content of body tissues (P &lt; 0.05) and RJ (P &lt; 0.05), and improve the expression of related genes (P &lt; 0.05).

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47

De Silva, Umanga, W. P. R. Liyanage, and Manashi Nath. "Magnetic Multifunctional Nanostructures as High-efficiency Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reactions." MRS Advances 1, no. 34 (2016): 2401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.399.

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AbstractThe search for high-efficiency and environmentally benign water splitting catalysts has been on the rise since this process is a source of renewable, clean energy. However the process is inherently slow, especially for the production of O2 from H2O (water oxidation) due to the high electron count and energy intensive bond formation of the reaction. Hence the search for novel catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) has led researchers to focus on various families of compounds including oxides and recently selenides. Multifunctional nanostructures containing the semiconductor electrocatalyst grafted onto an optically active metallic component might boost the catalytic activity even further due to efficient charge injection. Magnetically active catalysts will also be lucrative since that might induce better adhesion of the oxygenated species at the catalytically active site. In this report we introduce multifunctional, magnetic Au3Pd–CoSe nanostructures as high-efficiency OER electrocatalysts. These multifunctional nanostructures were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction with cobalt acetylacetonate and elemental selenium on Au-Pd sputter coated silica substrate at 800°C. The morphology of these multifunctional nanostructures were mostly bifunctional Janus-like nanoparticles as seen through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. They also showed soft ferromagnetic behavior. These bifunctional nanoparticles were coated on the anodes of a water oxidation cell and it was observed that these nanoparticles showed a higher OER activity with lower onset potential for O2 evolution as compared to the conventional oxide-based OER electrocatalysts.

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48

Liu, Sisi, Mengfan Wang, Tao Qian, Jie Liu, and Chenglin Yan. "Selenium-Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Strong Electron Cloud Delocalization for Nondeposition of Metal Oxides on Air Cathode of Zinc–Air Battery." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 22 (2019): 20056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b04870.

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Davis, S. A., and M. Misra. "Transport Model for the Adsorption of Oxyanions of Selenium (IV) and Arsenic (V) from Water onto Lanthanum- and Aluminum-Based Oxides." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 188, no. 2 (1997): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.4775.

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50

Song, Seung Yoon, Dong Woo Lee, and Kang Min Ok. "ChemInform Abstract: Rich Structural Chemistry in Scandium Selenium/Tellurium Oxides: Mixed-Valent Selenite-Selenates, Sc2(SeO3)2(SeO4) and Sc2(TeO3)(SeO3)(SeO4), and Ternary Tellurite, Sc2(TeO3)3." ChemInform 45, no. 35 (2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201435019.

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