Journal articles: 'Self-adjusting file (SAF®)'

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ADIGÜZEL, Özkan. "A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.4.

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A primary aim of root canal treatment is to completely clean and shape the root canal system. Various instruments are available for endodontic instrumentation. Although rotary systems do prepare many canals without major procedural errors, they do not address canal types with long-oval or flat cross sections. A newly developed self-adjusting file (SAF) was designed to address the shortcomings of traditional rotary files by adjusting itself to the canal cross section. This instrument consists of a compressible opened NiTi tube that, on placement into a root canal, will exert pressure against the canal Wall. The SAF is used in an in-and-out motion powered by a handpiece and under constant irrigation. The aim of this review was to describe instrument design, usage parameters and features of Self Adjusting File. How to cite this article: Adıgüzel Ö. A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File. Int Dent Res 2011;1:18-25. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Hof, Rafael, Valery Perevalov, Moshe Eltanani, Raviv Zary, and Zvi Metzger. "The Self-adjusting File (SAF). Part 2: Mechanical Analysis." Journal of Endodontics 36, no. 4 (April 2010): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.028.

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Topcu, K. Meltem, Ertugrul Karatas, Damla Ozsu, and Ibrahim Ersoy. "Efficiency of the Self Adjusting File, WaveOne, Reciproc, ProTaper and hand files in root canal debridement." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 03 (July 2014): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.137636.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the canal debridement capabilities of three single file systems, ProTaper, and K-files in oval-shaped canals. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five extracted human mandibular central incisors with oval-shaped root canals were selected. A radiopaque contrast medium (Metapex; Meta Biomed Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea) was introduced into the canal systems and the self-adjusting file (SAF), WaveOne, Reciproc, ProTaper, and K-files were used for the instrumentation of the canals. The percentage of removed contrast medium was calculated using pre- and post-operative radiographs. Results: An overall comparison between the groups revealed that the hand file (HF) and SAF groups presented the lowest percentage of removed contrast medium, whereas the WaveOne group showed the highest percentage (P < 0.001). The ProTaper group removed more contrast medium than the SAF and HF groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: None of the instruments was able to remove the contrast medium completely. WaveOne performed significantly better than other groups.

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Metzger, Zvi. "The self-adjusting file (SAF) system: An evidence-based update." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 17, no. 5 (2014): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.139820.

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Kabra, Pooja. "An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation." International Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 1, no. 1 (2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10060-0005.

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ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique. Materials and methods In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05). Results The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V. Conclusion The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance. How to cite this article Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

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Shenvi, Suresh, and VASUNDHARA SHIV ANNA. "SELF-ADJUSTING FILES (SAF) A FILE WITH A WILL OF ITS OWN-A REVIEW." CODS Journal of Dentistry 3, no. 1 (2011): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/cods-3-1-42.

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Kokate, Sharad R., Ajinkya M. Pawar, and Mansing G. Pawar. "Minimally Invasive Endodontic Management of a Maxillary Second Premolar with an S-shaped Root Canal using the Self-adjusting File." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 5, no. 1 (2015): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1102.

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ABSTRACT The main objective of an endodontic treatment is thorough shaping and cleaning of the root canal system, with the aim to obtain a fluid tight seal by a biocompatible obturating material. Complex unusual root canal morphology is an often-occurring phenomenon. Knowledge and understanding the unusual root canal morphology predicts the successful outcome in endodontic treatment. One such variant root canal morphology is the ‘S’ shaped root canal. The self-adjusting file (SAF) is a hollow compressible file made up of nickel-titanium lattice. The new concept associated with the SAF is that it adapts itself to the anatomical shape of the root canal and performs mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning with continuous irrigation simultaneously. This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a maxillary second premolar with a ‘S’ shaped root canal and its successful management with the SAF. How to cite this article Pawar AM, Pawar MG, Kokate SR. Minimally Invasive Endodontic Management of a Maxillary Second Premolar with an S-shaped Root Canal using the Self-adjusting File. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):35-37.

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YİĞİT ÖZER, Senem, Özkan ADIGÜZEL, and Sadullah KAYA. "Removal of Debris and Smear Layer in Curved Root Canals Using Self-Adjusting File with Different Operation Times – A Scanning Electron Microscope Study." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.1.

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Aim: Debridement during root canal treatment is mandatory and it is provided by means of chemomechanical instrumentation and irrigation methods. This article analysis the debridement capacity of a novel system, SAF and its special irrigation device when used with different operation times in curved root canals. Methodology: 30 mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were instrumented using SAF. Teeth were divided into three groups. In Group 1, 10 new SAF files were used for operation for 4 minutes. In Group 2, the 4-min previously used SAF files were operated in the same manner. In Group 3, the 8-min previously used SAF files were operated. During SAF operation 2.6 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA were used alternately in all groups. Debris and smear layer removal were evaluated for the apical thirds under scanning electron microscope. Results: Non-used, 4-min preused, and 8-min preused SAF efficiently removed debris and smear layer in the apical thirds. There were no significant difference among the groups in terms of debridement. Conclusions: When SAF is operated in curved root canals with continous flow of irrigation it results in debris and smear-free canal walls in the critical apical thirds within 12 minutes. How to cite this article: Yiğit Özer S, Adıgüzel Ö, Kaya S. Removal of debris and smear layer in curved root canals using self-adjusting file with different operation times - A scanning electron microscope study. Int Dent Res 2011;1:1-6. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Simsek, Neslihan, Fuat Ahmetoglu, Ali Keles, Elcin Tekin Bulut, and Kursat Er. "3D Analysis of D-RaCe and Self-Adjusting File in Removing Filling Materials from Curved Root Canals Instrumented and Filled with Different Techniques." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/836513.

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The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of D-RaCe files and a self-adjusting file (SAF) system in removing filling material from curved root canals instrumented and filled with different techniques by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The mesial roots of 20 extracted mandibular first molars were used. Root canals (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) were instrumented with SAF or Revo-S. The canals were then filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral compaction or thermoplasticized injectable techniques. The root fillings were first removed with D-RaCe (Step 1), followed by Step 2, in which a SAF system was used to remove the residual fillings in all groups. Micro-CT scans were used to measure the volume of residual filling after root canal filling, reinstrumentation with D-RaCe (Step 1), and reinstrumentation with SAF (Step 2). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There were no statistically significant differences between filling techniques in the canals instrumented with SAF (P=0.292) and Revo-S (P=0.306). The amount of remaining filling material was similar in all groups (P=0.363); all of the instrumentation techniques left filling residue inside the canals. However, the additional use of SAF was more effective than using D-RaCe alone.

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Panda, Anup, Krishna Shah, Varsha Budakoti, Krishna Dere, Mira Virda, and Jina Jani. "Evaluation of microcrack formation during root canal preparation using hand, rotary files and self-adjusting file in primary teeth: An in vitro study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.007.

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Background. Pediatric endodontics is a field with constant evolution, resulting in the shifting of paradigms from the use of conventional hand files to rotary files for biomechanical preparation in primary teeth. Biomechanical preparation plays a crucial role in the success of root canal treatment. Primary teeth need special attention since they differ from permanent teeth in root canal morphology. Cleaning and shaping of the canals damage the root dentin, leading to dentinal cracks. Newer techniques for root canal preparation, including Ni-Ti rotary files and SAF system, have been developed for use in pediatric endodontics to overcome the drawbacks of conventional methods. The present study compared dentinal defects formed by rotary systems in primary teeth. Methods. Eighty primary teeth were included. The teeth were decoronated with a diamond disc. All the roots were inspected for any pre-existing cracks or craze lines under transmitted light under a stereomicroscope. The specimens were then divided into four groups (n=20): group 1: control, group 2: hand files (HF), group 3: ProTaper files, and group IV: SAF files. The samples were instrumented according to the group they were assigned to. Results. The HF and SAF groups exhibited fewer microcracks. Dentinal microcracks were observed in roots prepared with rotary ProTaper files. There were significant differences between HF/SAF and rotary files (P<0.05). Conclusion. Stainless steel hand K-files and SAF instruments resulted in fewer dentinal damage than the ProTaper Universal files. SAF exhibited satisfactory results with minimal or no crack formation.

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Solomonov, Michael, Joe Ben-Itzhak, Anda Kfir, Oscar von Stetten, Elena Lipatova, and EleftheriosT Farmakis. "Self-adjusting file (SAF) separation in clinical use: A preliminary survey among experienced SAF users regarding prevalence and retrieval methods." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 18, no. 3 (2015): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.157247.

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Pawar, Ajinkya M., Bhaggyashri A. Pawar, Anuj Bhardwaj, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Zvi Metzger, and Anda Kfir. "Apical Debris Extrusion by Adaptive Root Canal Instrumentation in Oval Canals: Full-Sequence SAF System vs. the XP-Endo Shaper Plus Sequence." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 16, 2020): 5684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165684.

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Apical extrusion of debris (AED) by the full sequence of the self-adjusting file (SAF) system was compared with that of the XP-endo shaper plus sequence. Sixty permanent mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation: Group A: Stage 1—pre-SAF OS, pre-SAF 1 and pre-SAF 2 files, followed by Stage 2—1.5 mm SAF; and Group B: Stage 1— hand K-file 15/0.02, followed by Stage 2—XP-endo shaper and Stage 3—XP-endo finisher. The AED produced during instrumentation at each stage was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The weights of AED by the two methods were compared using t tests with significance level set at 5%. Group A produced significantly less total AED than Group B (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in debris extrusion between the two stages (p = 0.3014). Conversely, in Group B, a significant difference was noted between Stage 1 and Stages 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), with no significant difference between Stages 2 and 3 (p = 0.488). Both sequences resulted in measurable amounts of AED. Each phase, in either procedure, made its own contribution to the extrusion of debris.

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Ozsu, Damla, Ertugrul Karatas, Hakan Arslan, and Meltem C. Topcu. "Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and self-adjusting file systems." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 04 (October 2014): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.143633.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris during preparation with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer), a reciprocating single-file (WaveOne; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), and a self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent Nova, Ra'anna, Israel). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six intact mandibular premolar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups. The root canals were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions using the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, WaveOne, and SAF. Apically extruded debris was collected in preweighted Eppendorf tubes during instrumentation. The net weight of the apically extruded debris was determined by subtracting the preweights and postweights of the tubes. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A measurable amount of debris was apically extruded in all groups, and the amounts of debris extrusion in the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The ProTaper Next and WaveOne groups resulted in less debris extrusion than the ProTaper Universal group (P < 0.05), and the SAF group resulted in the least debris extrusion. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that all systems extruded debris beyond the apical foramen.

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Genç Şen, Özgür, Sadullah Kaya, Özgür Er, and Tayfun Alaçam. "Efficacy of Two Irrigants Used with Self-Adjusting File System on Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (September 23, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/289164.

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Mechanical instrumentation of root canals produces a smear layer that adversely affects the root canal seal. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of MTAD and citric acid solutions used with self-adjusting file (SAF) system on smear layer. Twenty-three single-rooted human teeth were used for the study. Canals were instrumented manually up to a number 20 K file size. SAF was used to prepare the root canals. The following groups were studied: Group 1: MTAD + 5.25% NaOCl, Group 2: 20% citric acid + 5.25% NaOCl, and Group 3: Control (5.25% NaOCl). All roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of smear layer in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds was evaluated using a five-score evaluation system. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. In the coronal third, Group 2 exhibited the best results and was statistically different froms the other groups (P<0.05). There was not a significant difference among the three thirds of groups according to in-group comparisons (P>0.05). The solutions used in Group 1 and 2 could effectively remove smear layer in most of the specimens. However, citric acid was more effective than MTAD in the three thirds of the canal.

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Helvacioglu-Yigit, Dilek. "Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1639.

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ABSTRACT Aim C-shaped canal system is a seldom-found root canal anatomy which displays a challenge in all stages of endodontic treatment. According to the literature, this type of canal morphology is not a common finding in the mandibular first molar teeth. Background This case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with a C-shaped canal system. Case report Root canal system was cleaned and shaped by nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments combined with selfadjusting file (SAF). Obturation was performed using warm, vertical condensation combined with the injection of warm gutta-percha. Follow-up examination 12 months later showed that the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiological findings presented no signs of periapical pathology. Clinical significance The clinician must be aware of the occurence and complexity of C-shaped canals in mandibular first molar teeth to perform a successful root canal treatment. The supplementary use of SAF after application of rotary instruments in C-shaped root canals might be a promising approach in endodontic treatment of this type of canal morphology. How to cite this article Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):77-80.

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Metzger, Zvi, Ehud Teperovich, Raphaela Cohen, Raviv Zary, Frank Paqué, and Michael Hülsmann. "The Self-adjusting File (SAF). Part 3: Removal of Debris and Smear Layer—A Scanning Electron Microscope Study." Journal of Endodontics 36, no. 4 (April 2010): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.037.

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Metzger, Zvi, Ehud Teperovich, Raviv Zary, Raphaela Cohen, and Rafael Hof. "The Self-adjusting File (SAF). Part 1: Respecting the Root Canal Anatomy—A New Concept of Endodontic Files and Its Implementation." Journal of Endodontics 36, no. 4 (April 2010): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2009.12.036.

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Nathani, Tousif Iqbal, Aatif Iqbal Nathani, Ankur Mahesh Banode, Moez Ismail Khakiani, Juan Gonzalo Olivieri Fernandez, Fernando Duràn-Sindreu Terol, and Francesc Abella Sans. "Apical preparation size after repetitive pecking to the working length using different endodontic file systems." Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 32, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/j.gien.2018.7.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the apical preparation size resulting from different pecking times to the working length (WL) with five different file systems. Materials and methods: Fifty standard simulated endodontic J-shaped blocks were instrumented using ProTaper NEXT (PTN), WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), OneShape (OS) and the Self- Adjusting File (SAF) (n = 10) with different pecking times (1, 2 and 4) to the WL. For the SAF group, instrumentation was done till WL according to the time, i.e. 1, 3 and 4 min. On completion of each stage, silicone impression material was used to take canal impressions for comparison and evaluation of the apical size preparation, using a stereomicroscope. Two-way analysis of variance was applied to determine differences between groups and pecking times. Results: After four pecking times, a significant increase was observed in the apical diameter of four test groups compared to SAF (P < 0.05), which was not associated with increased apical preparation at all times. Conclusion: A greater apical enlargement occurs with increasing pecking times; however, SAF instrumentation exhibits the minimum changes in the apical preparation after 1, 3 and 4 min. WO, WOG and OS are able to prepare the apical size similar to their tip at a single peck to the WL.

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Hidalgo, Lídia Regina da Costa, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Graziela Bianchi Leoni, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, Emily Eduardo da Silva Carvalho, Alberto Consolaro, and Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto. "Mechanical Preparation Showed Superior Shaping Ability than Manual Technique in Primary Molars - A Micro-Computed Tomography Study." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 4 (August 2017): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201601552.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate canal preparation in primary molars with hand files, ProTaper Next and Self-Adjusting File (SAF) by 2D and 3D micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Canals of 24 primary molars were prepared with hand files (HF), ProTaper Next (PTN) and SAF (n=8/group). The teeth were scanned before and after root canal preparation and the pre- and postoperative micro-CT images were reconstructed. Changes in 2D (area, perimeter, roundness, minor and major diameter) and 3D [volume, surface area, structure model index (SMI)] morphological parameters, as well as canal transportation and lateral perforations were evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA; a=0.05). SAF presented smaller changes in minor diameter, volume and surface area compared with HF and PTN (p<0.05). PTN presented more circular canals after preparation. 3D analysis revealed greater transportation in HF. PTN and SAF presented more centered canal preparation, especially in curved areas. SAF and HF presented, respectively, the lowest (0.05±0.02 and 0.07±0.04) and highest (0.14±0.11 and 0.29±0.17) apical transportation. There were fewer lateral perforations in SAF (4.2%) and PTN (7.7%) than in HF (47.8%) (p<0.05). In primary molars, mechanical preparation showed better shaping ability than hand files, promoting more centered preparations and lower occurrence of lateral perforations and canal transportation. Clinical Relevance: Manual instrumentation is still reported as the main choice in the primary teeth preparation; however, studies have shown limitations in its use. The morphological characteristics of primary teeth and the limited knowledge of shaping procedures in these teeth using mechanical preparation become a challenge for clinical practice and might impair the predictability of endodontic treatment.

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Thakur, Bhagyashree, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Anda Kfir, and Prasanna Neelakantan. "Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 11 (2017): 1040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2172.

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ABSTRACT Introduction To assess the amount of debris extruded apically during instrumentation of distal canals of extracted primary molars by three instrument systems [ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper NEXT (PTN), and self-adjusting file (SAF)] compared with conventional stainless steel hand K-files (HF, control). Materials and methods Primary mandibular molars (n = 120) with a single distal canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation using group I, HF (to size 0.30/0.02 taper), group II, PTU (to size F3), group III, PTN (to size X3), and group IV, SAF. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes, stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and then weighed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Turkey's post hoc test (p = 0.05). Results All the groups resulted in extrusion of debris. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the debris extrusion between the three groups: HF (0.00133 ± 0.00012), PTU (0.00109 ± 0.00005), PTN (0.00052 ± 0.00008), and SAF (0.00026 ± 0.00004). Conclusion Instrumentation with SAF resulted in the least debris extrusion when used for shaping root canals of primary molar teeth. Clinical significance Debris extrusion in primary teeth poses an adverse effect on the stem cells and may also alter the permanent dental germ. Debris extrusion is rarely reported for primary teeth and it is important for the clinician to know which endodontic instrumentation leads to less extrusion of debris. How to cite this article Thakur B, Pawar AM, Kfir A, Neelakantan P. Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1040-1044.

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Sawant, Kashmira, Ajinkya M. Pawar, Kulvinder Singh Banga, Ricardo Machado, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Anand Marya, Pietro Messina, and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina. "Dentinal Microcracks after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Instruments Manufactured with Different NiTi Alloys and the SAF System: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 4984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114984.

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Aim: The aim of this systematic analysis was to assess the prevalence of dentinal microcracks at various levels (3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex) after using instruments made with conventional, R-Phase, and M-Wire NiTi alloys and the SAF system. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the databases Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. To arrange search methods, “MeSH” terms and/or keywords typically associated with the subject were paired with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Additional searches were conducted on the websites of four separate endodontic journals. After reading the titles and excluding duplicates, 1000 of the 1343 documents originally found were eliminated. Upon reviewing the abstracts, 310 of the remaining 343 experiments were also eliminated. Based on qualifying requirements, only 13 of the remaining 33 articles were included in the qualitative review. Results: All systems triggered dentinal microcracks; however, when chemo-mechanical preparation was performed using Self-Adjusting File (SAF) and systems manufactured with R-phase technology—K3XF and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA)—less of these defects were found when compared to those manufactured with traditional NiTi—ProTaper Universal and Mtwo—and with M-Wire—ProTaper Next, Reciproc, and WaveOne. Conclusions: A lower prevalence of dentinal microcracks was observed after using SAF and endodontic systems manufactured with R-phase.

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Silva, Camilla Corrêa, Vivian Maria Durange Ferreira, Gustavo De-Deus, Daniel Rodrigo Herrera, Maíra do Prado, and Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva. "Effect of Intermediate Flush Using Different Devices to Prevent Chemical Smear Layer Formation." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 4 (August 2017): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701438.

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Abstract This study compared the effect of intermediate flush with distilled water delivered by conventional irrigation, EndoVac microcannula or Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system in the prevention of chemical smear layer (CSL) formation. Thirty human premolars were used. Canals were prepared with Reciproc system and 5.25% NaOCl. After chemomechanical preparation, samples were divided in 3 groups (n=10) according to the intermediate irrigation protocol with distilled water using: conventional irrigation, EndoVac microcannula or SAF. A final flush with 2% chlorhexidine solution was used and scanning electron microscopy was performed to assess protocol effectiveness. Two calibrated evaluators attributed scores according the presence or absence of CSL on the surface of the root canal walls at the coronal, middle and apical thirds, as follows: (1) no CSL; (2) small amounts of CSL; (3) moderate CSL; and (4) heavy CSL. Differences between protocols were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for comparison between each root canal third. SAF resulted in less formation of CSL when compared with the conventional irrigation and EndoVac microcannula (p<0.05). When root canal thirds were analyzed, conventional irrigation and EndoVac groups showed less CSL formation at coronal and middle thirds in comparison to the apical third (p<0.05). In SAF group, there was no difference among the thirds (p>0.05). It may be concluded that an intermediate flush of distilled water, delivered by the SAF system resulted in a better reduction of CSL formation during chemomechanical preparation.

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Keleş, Ali, and Cangül Keskin. "Quantitative Analysis of Root Canal System and Apical Part with Vertucci Type II Configuration Following Preparation with Three Different Preparation Systems: A Micro-computed Tomography Study." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 4 (May 7, 2020): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405614666181115115352.

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Objective: Isthmuses are narrow communications between root canals, and form as the result of the merging of the two root canals widening in a buccolingual direction. This widening causes the high ovality of isthmuses. The shaping and cleaning of all root canal systems are regarded as one of the major difficulties in long-oval shaped root canals. This study aims to make quantitative analysis of Vertucci type II root canal systems following preparation with Self- Adjusting file (SAF), Reciproc or Revo-S. Methods: Major diameter and roundness values were measured at the level 1.2 mm from apical foramen before and after preparation. A ‘post-preparation node’ point was described when the minimum minor diameter value was smaller than major diameter of apical 1.2 mm. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Chi-square tests. Results: Preparation resulted in a significant increase in the major diameter values regardless of the instrumentation (p = 0.000). Preparation with Reciproc led to the significant increase in roundness values (p = 0.000), whereas no significant difference was detected in specimens prepared with SAF (p = 0.21) and Revo-S (p = 0.15). Conclusion: Root canal preparation with SAF, Reciproc and Revo-S led to a significant increase in the major diameter of apical 1.2 mm and resulted in high frequencies of the post-preparation node.

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Uzunoglu, Emel, and Melahat Görduysus. "Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigant using Novel Preparation Systems." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1556.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant using Reciproc vs self-adjusting file (SAF) and to investigate the effect, if any, of gravitational force via mandibular and maxillary positioning of the teeth. Materials and methods Forty human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 teeth each. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturers’ instructions using the Reciproc and SAF. Sodium hypochlorite was used as the irrigant. The apically extruded debris was collected in pre-weighted glass vials using the Myers and Montgomery method, and teeth were placed in vials both in downward and upward positions. After drying, the mean weight of debris was assessed with a microbalance and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results All instrumentation techniques and positions caused measurable apical extrusion of debris. A significant difference was observed according to position and instrument used (p < 0.05). The Reciproc extruded significantly more debris than SAF and vial downward position extruded significantly more debris than upward position (p < 0.05). Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, all systems caused apical debris extrusion, especially in the downward position. Clinical significance According to results of this study, the SAF was associated with less debris extrusion compared to the Reciproc in both mandibular and maxillary positions. How to cite this article Uzunoglu E, Görduysus M. Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigant using Novel Preparation Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):423-427.

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Pawar, AjinkyaM, Digesh Barfiwala, Mansing Pawar, Zvi Metzger, Anda Kfir, and Niharika Jain. "Assessment of the fracture resistance of teeth instrumented using 2 rotary and 2 reciprocating files versus the Self-Adjusting File (SAF): An ex vivo comparative study on mandibular premolars." Journal of Conservative Dentistry 19, no. 2 (2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.178692.

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Lauritano, Moreo, Carinci, Della Vella, Di Spirito, Sbordone, and Petruzzi. "Cleaning Efficacy of the XP-Endo® Finisher Instrument Compared to Other Irrigation Activation Procedures: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235001.

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Background. One of the most important aims of an endodontic treatment is to obtain the complete removal or reduction of root canal remaining filling material: Smear layer, bacteria, intra-canal medicaments. To meet this requirement, several irrigation activation techniques have been proposed. Our systematic review examined studies which analyzed the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) instrument efficacy in removing root canal debris during initial endodontic treatment or retreatment, comparing it with the efficacy of other irrigation activation protocols, such as passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), laser activation procedure (Er:YAG), and Self-Adjusting File system (SAF). Methods. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Chocrane Library, and Scopus databases, identifying 51 items. Thirty-four articles were excluded based on title, abstract, full text, and language. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were selected and consequently submitted to quality assessment and data collection. Results. Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) is the less effective irrigation technique, but it is still unclear whether XPF is able to guarantee greater debris removal than the PUI technique. Er:YAG laser has been proven to be more effective in apical third than XPF instrument. Conclusions. Further investigations are needed in order to establish which final irrigation activation procedure could reach the maximum root canal debris reduction.

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Navjot, S. Mann, Kaur Manpreet, Jhamb Ashu, Rana Manu, Batra Divya, and Sarwal Aaron. "Efficacy of Various Irrigants Used with Self- Adjusting File System on Smear Layer: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, July 8, 2021, 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i36a31926.

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Aim: To assess the efficacy of various irrigants used with Self-Adjusting File (SAF) system on smear layer. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular teeth were taken and decoronated. All samples were instrumented manually up to number 20 K file. SAF file was further used to prepare the canals. All the samples were randomly divided into four Groups: Group I: Neem Extract Group II: Amla Juice; Group III: 5.25% NaOCl+ 20% Citric Acid; Group IV: 5.25% NaOCl solution was used for 4minutes. All roots were sectioned longitudinally in the buccolingual plane and viewed under electron microsope. Statistical Analysis Used: The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical evaluation and Mann-Whitney ???? test was used for multiple comparisons Results: Comparison between same thirds of group showed statistically significant difference in coronal and middle parts. Group 3 showed the best results for smear layer removal. Group 4 showed least efficacy of smear layer removal. Conclusion: Group 3 showed the best removal efficacy followed by group 1 and 2 with least being for group 4.

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Shacham, Maayan, Avi Levin, Avi Shemesh, Alex Lvovsky, Joe Ben Itzhak, and Michael Solomonov. "Accuracy and stability of electronic apex locator length measurements in root canals with wide apical foramen: an ex vivo study." BDJ Open 6, no. 1 (November 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41405-020-00052-3.

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AbstractThe aim of the current study was to determine the accuracy of electronic apex locator (EAL) measurements when using files of different sizes in roots with wide apical foramina while considering a new parameter of stability of EAL reading. Ten teeth with straight roots were subjected to a sequential widening of the apical foramen to 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm. The roots were embedded after each enlargement stage in an alginate mold and subjected to EAL readings. Measurements were done using sequential K-file sizes and the self-adjusting file (SAF). Measurement stability was introduced as a new additional parameter. As the difference between the file size used and the apical diameter of the canal decreases, the results obtained were more accurate and stable. The stability and accuracy of the measurements coincided with each other in a statistically significant manner. Within the limitations of the present ex vivo study, it may be concluded that in straight canals with wide apical foramina of 0.6–0.8 mm, both SS K-files which fit snugly to the walls of apical foramen and the SAF file may offer both accurate and stable EAL measurements.

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PACHECO RAMÍREZ, LUIS ARMANDO. "MOLARES EN C TRATADOS CON EL SISTEMA SELF ADJUSTING FLE Y SELLADO DE PERFORACIONES CON BIODENTINE: CONTROL DE DOS CASOS CLÍNICOS." reportaendo 1, no. 4 (September 1, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.36332/reportaendo.v1i4.41.

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La anatomía dentaria tiene diversas variaciones, de acuerdo a la raza, edad, sexo, etc. Y una de ellas son los conductos en forma de C, de mayor frecuencia en molares inferiores. La característica anatómica principal de este sistema es la presencia de una red o aleta que conecta los conductos independientes, mientras que el orifcio de entrada puede aparecer como una apertura simple en forma de arco de 180° 1-2. El presente artículo describe el diagnóstico y manejo clínico de dos molares inferiores con esta característica anatómica, haciendo uso del sistema Self Adjusing File (SAF) durante el tratamiento. Precisamente estos dos casos presentaban perforaciones a nivel endodóntico las cuales se solucionaron usando Biodentine. AbstractDental anatomy has many variations, according to race, age, sex, etc. One of these are C shape canals, with major frequency in mandibular molars, the main anatomical characteristic of this system is the presence of a network or fn that connects the independent canals, while the entrances orifce can appear as a simple opening in the form of an arc of 180°. The present article describes the diagnosis and clinical management of two lower molars with this anatomical characteristic, using The Self Adjusting File during the treatment. Precisely these two cases presented perforations in the root canal which were solved using Biodentine.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-adjusting file (SAF®)'

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