Journal articles: 'Self-affirmations'

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Critcher, Clayton R., and David Dunning. "Self-Affirmations Provide a Broader Perspective on Self-Threat." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167214554956.

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Critcher, Clayton R., David Dunning, and David A. Armor. "When Self-Affirmations Reduce Defensiveness: Timing Is Key." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36, no. 7 (May 26, 2010): 947–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167210369557.

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Blanton, Hart, Joel Cooper, Ian Slkurnik, and Joshua Aronson. "When Bad Things Happen to Good Feedback: Exacerbating the Need for Self-Justification with Self-Affirmations." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, no. 7 (July 1997): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297237002.

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In numerous self-affirmation studies, Claude Steele and colleagues have demonstrated that self-affirmations reduce the need to justify dissonant behavior even when the affirmation is unrelated to the dissonance-evoking action. However, research has not sufficiently examined the impact of reaffirming self-aspects that are related to the dissonance. The authors argue that relevant affirmations of this sort can make salient the standards that are violated in the course of dissonant behavior; thereby increasing dissonance and the need for self justification. In a laboratory study using the induced-compliance paradigm, it was demonstrated that dissonance can be exacerbated by reaffirming standards that are violated in the course of the dissonant behavior.

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Goldstein, Jürgen. "Work on significance: Human self-affirmations in Hans Blumenberg." Thesis Eleven 104, no. 1 (February 2011): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513610386098.

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McKay, Ryan, Danica Mijović-Prelec, and Dražen Prelec. "Protesting too much: Self-deception and self-signaling." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002608.

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AbstractVon Hippel & Trivers (VH&T) propose that self-deception has evolved to facilitate the deception of others. However, they ignore the subjective moral costs of deception and the crucial issue of credibility in self-deceptive speech. A self-signaling interpretation can account for the ritualistic quality of some self-deceptive affirmations and for the often-noted gap between what self-deceivers say and what they truly believe.

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Stevens, J. Richard, and Burton St. John. "Corporate Affirmations of Self-Identity and Mutual Self-Help: Transmedia Rhetorics of Marvel Rising." Journal of Communication Inquiry 44, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 376–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859920924383.

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In 2018, Disney launched a Marvel Rising transmedia campaign introducing a line of female superhero dolls and supporting media narratives across Disney XD, Marvel Comics, and Hasbro toys. Utilizing textual and industry analysis, we find that the concentration of ownership and the need to attract a new clientele resulted in a “commercialized feminism” text, one that thematically supports Disney’s prosocial messaging agenda, linking its products to what it perceives as the preferred social identity for its audience. As such, this work has implications for deeper understandings of how corporations can use transmedia rhetoric to mentor children, especially young women, toward confidence and self-empowerment while also allowing the corporation to maximize marketplace revenues.

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McCrea, Sean M., and Edward R. Hirt. "Limitations on the Substitutability of Self-Protective Processes." Social Psychology 42, no. 1 (January 2011): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000038.

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Goal-striving and achievement can be undermined when individuals have a competing desire to protect a cherished self-view. When individuals are more concerned with avoiding the negative implications of a likely failure than with self-improvement, they may ignore negative information or may even go so far as to purposefully undermine their own performance. For example, self-handicapping involves creating or claiming obstacles to success in order to protect self-esteem in the event of task failure. One method to reduce such destructive behavior is to address self-protection concerns through other means. Notably, affirming overall self-integrity by drawing attention to other positive aspects of the self has been previously shown to reduce subsequent self-handicapping behavior. The present studies demonstrate, however, that these effects may not be as broad as previously assumed. Specifically, only self-affirmations in domains unrelated to the current threat seem to be effective in reducing self-handicapping. Self-affirmations related to the threatened domain may only serve to create a standard of comparison for the current performance, maintaining or even intensifying the existing threat. Thus, it appears that attempts to protect a specific self-conception can severely hamper goal-striving and subsequent achievement. Implications for understanding the motivations underlying self-handicapping and for reducing this self-defeating behavior are discussed.

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Albalooshi, Sumaya, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Bob M. Fennis, and Luk Warlop. "Reinstating the Resourceful Self: When and How Self-Affirmations Improve Executive Performance of the Powerless." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219853840.

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Research has found that lack of power impairs executive functions. In the present research, we show that this impairment is not immutable. Across three studies and focusing on inhibitory control as one of the core facets of executive functions, our investigation shows that self-affirmation attenuates the previously documented decrements in inhibitory control of the powerless (Studies 1-3). We also examine boundary conditions of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation is most effective insofar as the powerless lack self-esteem (Study 2). Finally, we directly test the underlying process of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation increases an efficacious self-view among the powerless, which in turn improves their inhibitory control abilities (Study 3). Overall, we conclude that reinstating an efficacious self-view through self-affirmation offsets the impairments in inhibitory control abilities of the powerless and reduces the cognitive performance gap between the powerless and the powerful.

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Flynn, Maureen K., and Michael J. Bordieri. "On the failure to replicate past findings regarding positive affirmations and self-esteem." Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 16 (April 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.003.

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Lannin, Daniel G., David L. Vogel, Max Guyll, and Andrew J. Seidman. "Reducing threat responses to help-seeking information: Influences of self-affirmations and reassuring information." Journal of Counseling Psychology 66, no. 3 (April 2019): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cou0000313.

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Schimel, Jeff, Jamie Arndt, Katherine M. Banko, and Alison Cook. "Not All Self-affirmations Were Created Equal: The Cognitive and Social Benefits of Affirming The Intrinsic (vs. Extrinsic) Self." Social Cognition 22, no. 1 (February 2004): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.22.1.75.30984.

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Saleh, Adnan Achiruddin. "BIMBINGAN KARIR ISLAMI BERBASIS KECERDASAN MAJEMUK (SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF DAN APLIKATIF)." KOMUNIDA : MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DAN DAKWAH 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/komunida.v7i1.470.

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Islamic career counseling is an accompaniment program conducted on High School Students / Equals through counseling and training process. This program intends to assist in determining career after finishing high school. This form of assistance is starting from potential mapping through the theory of multiple intelligences, making affirmations and goal setting, untilarrange self-efficacy. However, this paper contains the development of career theories and field experience of the author during running Islamic career guidance program in South Sulawesi.

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Brown, Cynthia. "Book Review: Positive Self-Talk for Children: Teaching Self-Esteem through Affirmations. A Guide for Parents, Teachers and Counsellors (1993)." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 62, no. 3 (August 1995): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749506200317.

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Sergeyeva, M. V. "INTERRELATION OF SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFFIRMATIONS IN MOTIVATION-NEED SPHERE AND SELF-ATTITUDE IN DRUG DEPENDENCE." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Pedagogika i psihologiya, no. 1 (2016): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2016-1-99-104.

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Badea, Constantina, and David K. Sherman. "Self-Affirmation and Prejudice Reduction: When and Why?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721418807705.

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The question of the antecedents of prejudicial responses has a long history that includes contributions of historical, structural, cultural, and psychological factors. Social-psychological research on prejudice as self-image maintenance provides evidence that manifestations of prejudice stem, in part, from the motivation to maintain a feeling of self-worth and self-integrity. Here, we review studies that indicate when and why prejudice toward out-groups in response to self-threats is weakened by affirmations of self-worth. A distinction emerges between in-group threats (e.g., negative acts committed by the in-group) and out-group threats (e.g., immigrants) to social identity, on the one hand, and the defensive reactions people make in response to each kind of threat (i.e., denying in-group responsibility vs. displaying prejudice), on the other. Such negative intergroup interactions can be attenuated by affirming the self. We present theorized moderators (i.e., individual differences and cultural norms) and proposed mechanisms underlying affirmation effects in the domain of prejudice. We discuss potential applications of self-affirmation in prejudice-reduction efforts.

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Berryman, Rachel, and Misha Kavka. "Crying on YouTube." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 24, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517736981.

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In this article, we challenge dominant perceptions of social media as an archive of endlessly positive self-documentation by examining two subgenres of YouTube vlogging predicated on the expression of negative affect. Through analysis of the crying and anxiety vlogs of YouTubers ZoeSugg, Trisha Paytas and Nicole Klein, we recognize the productivity of negative affect, charting the translation of the mediated tears, sobs and struggles of these young female vloggers into affirmations of authenticity, (self-)therapy and strengthened ties of intimacy with followers. While these negative affect vlogs work outside of YouTube’s consumer economy, their popularity points to a booming economy of affective labour, where the exchange of tears for sympathetic ears is in consistently high demand.

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Samardžija, Jasminka. "Interpreting Typical Profile of Transition Leaders – Case Croatia." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, s1 (December 1, 2016): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0010.

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Abstract The main goal of this empirical research was to define those crucial leadership characteristics and behaviours of experienced individuals that confirmed them as leaders in the Croatian transition economy, based on success of their entrepreneurial or social affirmations. The basic research question was: What is the empirical base for classifying leaders into homogeneous groups? Results of the general characteristics cluster analysis singled out three clusters Moderates, Internalists and Globalists. Inductive approach and supporting intermediate cluster analysis based on subjective dimension “career development expectations” aligned leaders from the sample in two homogenous groups: Leaders who seek self-actualisation and Leaders who seek for self-affirmation. Three clusters, Classical capitalists - materialists, Liberal capitalists - idealists and Capitalists non materialists were derived based on the confirmation of the personal success.

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Inman, Mary, Anna Snyder, and Kelvin Peprah. "Religious-body affirmations protect body esteem for women who base self-worth on appearance or others’ approval." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 19, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2015.1124634.

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Taber, Jennifer M., William M. P. Klein, Rebecca A. Ferrer, Erik Augustson, and Heather Patrick. "A Pilot Test of Self-Affirmations to Promote Smoking Cessation in a National Smoking Cessation Text Messaging Program." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 4, no. 2 (June 8, 2016): e71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5635.

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Schneider, Joanne Kraenzle. "Qualitative Descriptors of Exercise in Older Women." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 4, no. 3 (July 1996): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.4.3.251.

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The self-regulation of exercise maintenance model was used to study the episode-specific interpretations of exercise of older women immediately after an exercise episode. Seventeen women, mean age 69.7 ± 4.9 years, were recruited to represent a variety of exercise patterns. A semistructured episode-specific interview was administered after an exercise episode. The questions asked related to physiological/somatic and cognitive/emotional sensations associated with exercise and the social/environmental context of the exercise experience. Data analysis revealed five themes—somatic sensations, affirmations, connectedness, explanations, and reflections—each of which contained distinct categories. The proposed self-regulation of exercise maintenance model was clarified to better represent the data grounded in the women’s descriptions. The women’s qualitative descriptors will be used to develop a quantitative instrument to measure older women’s interpretations of exercise. Future research should involve testing the self-regulation of exercise maintenance model and examining interventions that affect episode-specific interpretations and thereby exercise maintenance.

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Jeffries, Bayyinah S. "Prioritizing Black Self-Determination: The Last Strident Voice of Twentieth-Century Black Nationalism." Genealogy 4, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4040110.

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Black self-determination, like the movement for civil rights, has long been a struggle on both the national and international stage. From the Black consciousness campaign of South Africa to the Black Power crusades of the United States and Caribbean, and the recent global affirmations of Black Lives Matter, Black nationalist ideology and desires for equity and independence seem ever more significant. While marginal characteristics of Black nationalism clearly persist in the calls for justice and equality, only one voice of twentieth-century Black nationalism remains committed to the full dimensions of the Black nationalist agenda. This essay documents the one leader and movement that has remained committed to a Black nationalist platform as a response to persistent white supremacy. The author reflects on the valuable contributions of twentieth-century Black nationalism and what form, if any, Black nationalism will take when this last Black nationalist movement leader is gone.

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Wolff, Stefan. "Learning the Lessons of Ethnic Conflict Management? Conditional Recognition and International Administration in the Western Balkans since the 1990s." Nationalities Papers 36, no. 3 (July 2008): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802090223.

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The unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo in February 2008 catapulted the Western Balkans back to the centre stage of international security concerns. Despite affirmations to the contrary, the recognition of Kosovo's independence by major Western powers is seen as a significant precedent in international law and the way in which self-determination conflicts are handled by the international community. At the same time, it raises major questions for the stability of borders across the Western Balkans region, and possibly beyond. At the centre of many of these questions is the role of the international community—defined by the international and regional organizations present in the region, as well as by their powerful member states—in tackling the complexity of interrelated self-determination conflicts, incomplete democratization processes, growing concerns about the economic viability of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia and an ever-increasing presence of transnational organized crime networks with significant reach beyond the region.

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Rahayu, Esty Puji, and Lailatul Khusnul Rizki. "The Effect of Positive Affirmations to Anxiety level and 2nd stage of labor length." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.398.

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The maternal mortality rate by sectio caesarea was 40-80 per 100,000 live births. Secto Cesarean can occur because the mother herself is not sure of her ability to normal birthing. Positive affirmations made by mothers are believed to be one of the supports so that mothers are sure that they can give birth normally and reduce anxiety about childbirth. This type of research is observational analytic with a quasi-experimental design, the type of post test only group design. Based on the results of data analysis with the T test, it was found that there was an effect of giving Positive affirmation on anxiety and 2nd stage of labor with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Positive affirmation with flashcard affirmation greatly affects the level of anxiety of mothers in labor and it is easier to self-affirm so that negative thoughts about childbirth will be reduced

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Meier, Ellen, Mary Beth Miller, William V. Lechner, Nate Lombardi, Kasey R. Claborn, and Thad R. Leffingwell. "The Inability of Self-affirmations to Decrease Defensive Bias Toward an Alcohol-Related Risk Message Among High-Risk College Students." Journal of American College Health 63, no. 5 (January 12, 2015): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.1003377.

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Panfil, Vanessa R., and Dana Peterson. "“St. Mary’s Is Gay-Town”: Girls’ Perceptions of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior in Juvenile Residential Treatment." Criminal Justice Review 45, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819863471.

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Understanding lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) girls’ experiences in juvenile residential facilities is essential for working toward their fair and affirming treatment, but other girls’ perceptions of “gay girls” in juvenile facilities also contribute to the treatment environment. Drawing from interviews with a sample of 59 girls in a juvenile residential treatment center serving delinquent, status offending, and maltreated youth in upstate New York, we explore girls’ perceptions of same-sex sexual behavior in that setting to illuminate dynamics and their implications for treatment experiences. Opinions ranged from negative perceptions expressed by self-identified straight and LGB girls, to matter-of-fact descriptions that were more neutral, to positive affirmations sometimes containing anti-staff sentiments. These perceptions indicate the complicated nature and consequences of youth–youth and youth–staff interactions around this issue.

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Roy, William G. "Time, Place, and People in History and Sociology: Boundary Definitions and the Logic of Inquiry." Social Science History 11, no. 1 (1987): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015686.

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There may have been a time when one could characterize the difference between sociology and history in terms of sociological attention to generalization and theory in contrast to historical specificity. A quarter of a century ago, E. H. Carr (1961) was earnestly exorcising the ghost of Ranke from his discipline while C. Wright Mills (1956) was vehemently ranting against the twin devils of abstract empiricism and grand theory. Happily, we now only evoke the distinction between sociological universalism and historical particularism in required graduate classes or in ritualistic self-affirmations at professional meetings. When sociological books include chapters on Marc Bloch or E. P. Thompson and historical books liberally cite Marx, Weber, and Durkheim while urging social historians to seek higher levels of generalization, how do we explain the difference between the two disciplines to our poor confused graduate students?

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Hargreaves, Tracy. "The Power of the Ordinary Subversive in Jackie Kay's Trumpet." Feminist Review 74, no. 1 (July 2003): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400068.

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In Jackie Kay's award-winning novel, Trumpet (1998), the main character Joss Moody, a celebrated jazz trumpet player, is discovered upon his death to be anatomically female. The essay traces both postmodern and humanist affirmations of constructions of self-hood. Situating Virginia Woolf's version of a metaphysical and escapist androgyny as one kind of aesthetic against the material politics of the transgendered subject, the essay argues that Kay's novel can be seen as part of a 20th century tradition of literature and film which satirizes, parodies and painfully exposes the discontinuities of dominant sex–gender systems. The essay ends by arguing that Kay also develops these systems by imbricating sex and gender within a series of dislocated familial, sexual and racial identities, beginning with the arrival of Joss's African father in Scotland at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Awagu, Chrysantus, and Debra Z. Basil. "Fear appeals: the influence of threat orientations." Journal of Social Marketing 6, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-12-2014-0089.

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Purpose This paper aims to assess the interactive impact of dispositional threat orientation and affirmation (both self-affirmation and self-efficacy) on the effectiveness of fear appeals. Design/methodology/approach A 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 fully crossed, mixed experimental design is used. The study is conducted through an on-line survey platform. Participants are nationally representative in terms of age, gender and geographic location within the USA. Findings Threat orientation impacts individuals’ responses to fear appeals. Control-oriented individuals respond in a more adaptive manner, heightened-sensitivity-oriented individuals are a “mixed-bag” and denial-oriented individuals respond in a more maladaptive manner. Affirmations (both self-affirmation and self-efficacy) interact with threat orientation in some cases to predict response to threat. Research limitations/implications This research used a cross-sectional approach in an on-line environment. A longitudinal study with a stronger self-affirmation intervention and self-efficacy manipulation would offer a stronger test. Practical implications Social marketers should consider whether their primary target market has a general tendency toward a particular threat orientation when considering the use of fear appeals. Social marketers should consider the potential benefits of a self-affirmation intervention. Social implications Individuals’ personality dispositions impact how they respond to fear appeals, which may explain why some seemingly well executed fear appeals are unsuccessful whereas others succeed. Originality/value Little or no research has examined the use of self-affirmation to overcome the challenges posed by dispositional threat orientation. This research gives an early glimpse into how these issues interplay.

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Sparks, Paul, Donna C. Jessop, James Chapman, and Katherine Holmes. "Pro-environmental actions, climate change, and defensiveness: Do self-affirmations make a difference to people's motives and beliefs about making a difference?" British Journal of Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (September 2010): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466609x471976.

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Machado, Fernanda Prada, Ruth Ramalho Ruivo Palladino, and Maria Claudia Cunha. "Adaptation of the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators instrument to retrospective parent report." CoDAS 26, no. 2 (April 2014): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2014001in.

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PURPOSE: To adapt the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators (IRDI) instrument to retrospective report for parents of children from 3 to 7 years old and administer it in two groups. METHODS: Participated on the study 72 subjects - parents of children aged from 2 years and 11 months to 7 years and 7 months - divided into two groups: Research Group and Control Group. The proposed modification to parent report transformed the 31 indicators (affirmations) into retrospective self-administered questions to parents, with responses in Likert scale. The IRDI-questionnaire was administered in the two groups. RESULTS: The IRDI-questionnaire showed to be easy and quick to administer (average 15 minutes) and with low cost. The analysis of the questions obtained a good internal consistency value. The comparison between the groups by the parents' answers to the 31 questions showed difference in 16 questions. CONCLUSION: The items of the IRDI-questionnaire concern the main Autism Spectrum Disorders risk signs pointed out in literature. The parents' answers showed differences between the studied groups.

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De Vargas Mores, Giana, Leila Dal Moro, Yasmin Gomes Casagranda, Vitor Francisco Dalla Corte, and Gabriele Girardi. "HOW DO BRAZILIANS PERCEIVE FOOD WASTE?" Revista Gestão Organizacional 14, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 246–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22277/rgo.v14i3.6049.

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This research aims to identify the profile and factors associated with the perception of Brazilianconsumers regarding food waste. The chosen technique was survey research, with the application ofa structured online and self-administered questionnaire with 664 Brazilian consumers. Descriptivestatistics were calculated and multivariate statistical techniques, such as factor analysis and multiplelinear regression. Five factors have different affirmations on assessing and dealing with the food,besides the behavior concerning food and its respective waste. The factor regarding education wasincluded in the survey, adapted from Richter (2017), which generated this factor. This is an additionalresult when applied to the Brazilian context. The waste is associated with behavioral factors. One ofthe main contributions was to present the use of metrics, which provide comparisons betweendifferent themes of food waste, providing proposals for the public policies and guidelines forminimizing this problem. The study helps with discussions based on a relevant topic for humanity andcontemplating the UN SDGs through a national diagnosis. Academics, public, private, and non-profitorganizations have increasingly brought the spotlight onto food waste. Implications of this study pointto the need for effective policies turned to mitigate food waste.

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Arayasirikul, Sean, Caitlin Turner, Dillon Trujillo, Victory Le, Theo Beltran, and Erin C. Wilson. "Does the Use of Motivational Interviewing Skills Promote Change Talk Among Young People Living With HIV in a Digital HIV Care Navigation Text Messaging Intervention?" Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839920936246.

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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling approach to facilitate behavior change. MI has been widely applied to in-person–delivered, health behavior change interventions; however, mobile health (mHealth) interventions are beginning to adopt and expand the reach of MI in health promotion practice with the use of mobile phones and digital platforms. This study examines whether the use of MI skills (e.g., OARS [open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries]) promotes change talk in an SMS text messaging intervention for young people living with HIV in San Francisco. We undertake a novel method of analyzing text message intervention data in order to characterize the microprocesses of change talk. Data were collected via computer-assisted self-interviewing surveys of self-reported sociodemographic information, and two-way text messages facilitated by a digital HIV care navigator during the 6-month intervention. We qualitatively assessed all text messages exchanged for the utilization of four basic MI skills on the part of the interventionist (OARS) and participant change talk. This study found that high levels of all four MI skills—and moderate levels of open-ended questions only—were associated with more change talk compared to low levels. Additionally, using three or more MI skills was associated with change talk. Future research is needed to inform how to analyze large amounts of data passively collected as a native part of implementing mHealth and text messaging applications of MI interventions.

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Gill, Rosalind, and Shani Orgad. "The Amazing Bounce-Backable Woman: Resilience and the Psychological Turn in Neoliberalism." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418769673.

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This article examines the growing prominence accorded to the idea of ‘resilience’ as a regulatory ideal, locating it in the context of a ‘turn to character’ in contemporary culture which we see as part of a wider psychological turn within neoliberalism. Building from discussions of ‘resilience’ as a quality demanded and promoted by public policy in the context of austerity and worsening inequality, we argue that resilience has also emerged as a central term in popular culture in genres such as self-help literature, lifestyle magazines, and reality television, as well as in a burgeoning social media culture focussed on positive thinking, affirmations, and gratitude. It calls on people to be adaptable and positive, bouncing back from adversity and embracing a mind-set in which negative experiences can–and must–be reframed in upbeat terms. The article examines three case studies–women’s magazines, self-help books, and smartphone apps–to explore how resilience is constituted, how it operates, and how it materialises across different sites. We extend existing work by highlighting the classed and gendered dimensions of injunctions to resilience, pointing to the ways that middle-class women are hailed as emblematic ‘bounce-backable’ subjects. We explore how notions of elasticity, inspiration, and affirmation are deployed in ways that systematically outlaw critique or any need for social transformation while inciting a vast range of physical, social and, above all, psychological labours on the part of ‘resilient’ subjects.

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Alqurashi, Fahad. "The Effects of Motivation on EFL College Students’ Achievement." Studies in English Language Teaching 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v2n4p385.

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The current study examined the motivation of 48 newly-admitted students at the English department of Umm Al-Qura University for the study and learning of English as a foreign language. The surveyed informants responded to a two-part questionnaire that measured their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in an attempt to explore the problems that many students encounter during their college life that negatively affect their academic progress. Students’ responses revealed that they were highly motivated to learn the target language—which may indicate that there are other factors related to students’ underachievement. The study recommends that students’ motivation be reexamined at different stages during their enrollment in the BA program and that other aspects related to students’ achievement, such as language aptitude, cognitive style and memory, and other affective factors, such as attitudes and anxiety, be scrutinized. In addition, promoting students’ motivation is a key step towards improving classroom atmosphere and making learning more effective and persistent. Learners need to have positive relationships with teachers. Positive affirmations, constructive guidance, and encouraging words serve as a secure base to enhance their self-esteem, create a positive learning experience, and build constructive attitudes towards learning the target language.

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Alqurashi, Fahad. "The Effects of Motivation on EFL College Students’ Achievement." Studies in English Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v7n1p83.

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The current study examined the motivation of 48 newly-admitted students at the English department of Umm Al-Qura University for the study and learning of English as a foreign language. The surveyed informants responded to a two-part questionnaire that measured their intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in an attempt to explore the problems that many students encounter during their college life that negatively affect their academic progress. Students’ responses revealed that they were highly motivated to learn the target language—which may indicate that there are other factors related to students’ underachievement. The study recommends that students’ motivation be reexamined at different stages during their enrollment in the BA program and that other aspects related to students’ achievement, such as language aptitude, cognitive style and memory, and other affective factors, such as attitudes and anxiety, be scrutinized. In addition, promoting students’ motivation is a key step towards improving classroom atmosphere and making learning more effective and persistent. Learners need to have positive relationships with teachers. Positive affirmations, constructive guidance, and encouraging words serve as a secure base to enhance their self-esteem, create a positive learning experience, and build constructive attitudes towards learning the target language.

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Frankovic, Kathleen A. "The 1984 Election: The Irrelevance of the Campaign." PS: Political Science & Politics 18, no. 01 (1985): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500021272.

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In 1948, pollsters and journalists learned that campaigns mattered. In 1984, the lesson may be that sometimes campaigns may not matter at all. The major question for analysis of this election, therefore, is not what did Ronald Reagan do to insure victory, but why did anyone think Ronald Reagan could lose?This year is an awkward year for analysis for other reasons as well. This was a landslide election; landslides tend to be massive rejections of one candidate or massive affirmations of the winner's policies or performance. This year, the voters were clear in their approval of Ronald Reagan's economic programs. They were less clear in their support for increased spending on defense or in support of the Reagan social agenda. Straightforward analysis of the election provides indications of somewhat increased confidence in government and the prevalence of economic issues dominating the reasons for candidate support. The election seems a mandate for continued economic success, with little concern for how that is achieved. The groups who voted against Ronald Reagan were those who did not think they benefited from administration policies—blacks, Hispanics, and the poor—as well as self-described liberals and the traditional supporters of American liberalism, Jews.

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Klonek, Florian E., and Simone Kauffeld. "Providing engineers with OARS and EARS." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 5, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-06-2014-0025.

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Purpose – Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a vocational communication skill from the helping professions. Verbal skills in MI are summarized under the acronyms OARS and EARS (open-ended questions/elaborating, affirmations, reflections, and summaries). The purpose of this paper is to outline how MI provides important skills for engineers, and demonstrate skill assessment by using an observation-based scientific approach. Design/methodology/approach – Totally, 25 engineering students took part in a skill-based MI training. Quality assurance of the training was assessed by using a repeated measurement design with multiple measures: systematic observations from recorded interactions and self-reported and standardized performance measures. Two external observers reliably coded the recorded conversations using the MI skill code. Findings – Trainees showed a significant increase of verbal skills in MI. Directive-confrontational behaviors decreased after training. Self-reported and performance measures indicated significant increases in MI post training. Conversational partners in the post-training condition showed significantly more motivation in comparison to partners before the training. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the study is the small sample size. However, training effect sizes showed large effects on verbal skills. Practical implications – Communication skills in MI can be taught effectively for a technical population. This study suggests that MI is effective within the higher education of technical professions who have to deal with motivational issues. Observational measures can be used for quality assurance purposes, but also serve as a feedback instrument for work-based learning purposes. Originality/value – This is the first study to evaluate training in MI for engineers using a multi-method approach with observational measures.

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Gałędek, Michał. "The Beginning of the Debate on the Codification of Polish Law after the World War I: The Issue of the Codification Commission Autonomy in the Light of Political Declarations." Studia Iuridica 80 (September 17, 2019): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4787.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideological basis of concepts that underpinned the establishment of the Codification Commission by virtue of the Act of 3 June 1919 and to assess its position within the system of authorities of the Second Republic of Poland. The author has found that the issues around shaping the relations of the Codification Commission with the Government and the Sejm have been covered in literature of the subject in a one-sided manner. Authors who have devoted their attention to the issue of autonomy of the Codification Commission formulated their evaluations based on the interpretation of the regulations in the drafts of the Act that established the Commission, as well as on their subsequent application that enabled the restriction of this autonomy. They did not, however, sufficiently account for the ideological declarations, thus in fact rejecting the deputies’ assertions of their striving to ensure “complete autonomy and self-sufficiency” of the Codification Commission, and the Government’s affirmations that it did not aim to “subject” the Commission to its control. Meanwhile, the author’s intention is to show that there was a widespread consensus at the time, especially at the Sejm, which sovereignly decided on the wording of the Act on the Codification Commission, that deputies had adopted a law that sufficiently protected the autonomous status of the Commission and its apolitical nature.

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Brokaw, Trey. "Is There a Correlation in Improvements of TOPS Scores and Improvements in Track and Field Performances in Collegiate Athletes?" Journal of Coaching Education 6, no. 2 (August 2013): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.6.2.183.

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This presentation will share the results from a study conducted on college track and field athletes at the NCAA division II level. The study compares the results of scores on the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) and, individual athlete’s improvements in their event area according to the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) scoring charts for track and field. A select group of primarily middle distance and distance runners was selected for the study. These athletes were given a baseline TOPS examination to evaluate their prior knowledge and use of mental skills in their athletic experiences. Personal best times in the athlete’s primary events were recorded from the previous year. During the nine weeks of the outdoor track and field season that this study took place; athletes were introduced to a wide array of activities associated with improving their mental skills. Such activities included goal setting, imagery, relaxation, optimum level of arousal, affirmations, and the use of positive self-talk and routines. Athletes would have an organized mental skills session at least twice each of the nine weeks of the season. Athletes also had an individual meeting with the coaches to go over goal setting and the use of their mental skills to enhance their physical skills. After the outdoor season was completed the athletes took a post-examination TOPS. The scores were compared with their pretest scores as well as their improvement in personal best times in their main events on the track.

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Beld, Antonie Van Den. "Non Posse Peccare." Religious Studies 25, no. 4 (December 1989): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500020084.

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In a Dutch weekly it was recently stated that man's moral powers are overestimated in the christian faith. The proponent of this belief, the Dutch–American philologist and philosopher Staal seems to me to be closer to the truth of this matter than his distinguished German colleague Nietzsche. The latter used to fascinate me as a young student with his devastating criticisms of christian culture and the christian view of life. According to Nietzsche, the christian religion has not too high, but rather too low a view of mankind: it wanted man to be ugly and evil; in this way it has succeeded in making man so. The insignificance, ugliness and sinfulness of man is the outcome of a self-fulfilling prophecy. Someone who is being told again and again how insignificant, bad and sinful he is, will end up believing it and behave accordingly. A not implausible theory, I thought at that time. However, as I see the matter now, I would support Staal rather than Nietzsche (supposing that my choice would be restricted to them). The christian faith has an optimistic view of man. Does it overestimate him? Does it attribute imaginary moral powers to him? Does it demand the morally impossible? A positive answer to these questions is not unreasonable if one does not want to go beyond a secular, evolutionist or sociobiological under-standing of man and does not take into consideration the affirmations of the Church.

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Iacob, Bogdan C. "Together but Apart: Balkan Historians, the Global South, and unesco’s History of Humanity, 1978–1989." East Central Europe 45, no. 2-3 (November 29, 2018): 245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04502001.

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The article analyzes the involvement of Southeast European historians in unesco’s History of Humanity: Scientific and Cultural Development, the second attempt of the organization at drafting a world history. It is a case study of a successful epistemic internationalization of regional and national narratives from the Balkans on a global stage. It is argued that this story is premised on the activity of the International Association of Southeast European Studies (aiesee—created in 1963 with unesco sponsorship), which functioned as the preexistent international milieu of conceptual, institutional, and personnel alignments. However, regional academic cooperation was dependent on the political context in the Balkans since the end of the seventies. Individual regimes employed scholars as experts representing these countries in this unesco project. In addition, the analysis also emphasizes the similarities and cross-fertilizations between Global South and Southeast European historians’ self-affirmations in the context of shifting narratives about humanity, cultures, and civilizations within unesco. However, while the “Third World” wanted to shatter Eurocentrism as the South challenged the North, the Southeast wished to affirm its Europeanness by breaking the Western and Soviet perceived monopoly on Europe-talk. Balkan historians’ anti-hegemonic association with Global South peers targeted de-marginalization within the confines of Europe. The article underlines that a full account of local narratives and phenomena should be examined in the context of the intersecting stories of the Cold War, decolonization, and globalization.

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Bergmann, Ana Claudia, Gustavo Savaris, Carlos Eduardo Tino Balestra, and Lucia Bressiani. "CONCRETOS AUTOADENSÁVEIS E CONVENCIONAIS: ANÁLISE DAS PROPRIEDADES EM ESTADO FRESCO E ENDURECIDO." REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil 15, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/reec.v15i2.50695.

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RESUMO: Os concretos autoadensáveis destacam-se por suas características essenciais: capacidade de preenchimento de fôrmas, habilidade passante e resistência à segregação, permitindo assim o aumento da qualidade de peças estruturais de concreto, assim como a otimização de sua execução. Contudo, para obtenção de suas características essenciais, um fator é imprescindível trata da utilização de materiais finos, com o objetivo de controlar os efeitos negativos de segregação e exsudação à que o concreto fresco é suscetível a apresentar. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo comparar as propriedades no estado fresco e endurecido de um concreto autoadensável, utilizando cinza volante como material fino, com um concreto convencional, produzidos com materiais disponíveis na região de Toledo-PR. Os resultados demonstraram que o concreto autoadensável apresentou melhor desempenho quanto às propriedades mecânicas em relação ao concreto convencional. As imagens obtidas por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura corroboraram para sustentar as afirmativas acerca da melhora nas propriedades mecânicas do concreto autoadensável, uma vez que foi evidenciada uma menor quantidade de vazios graças à atividade pozolânica da cinza volante. Neste sentido, este trabalho contribui para a difusão do concreto autoadensável e seu uso em construções usuais, resultando em estruturas de concreto duráveis e confiáveis, reduzindo a necessidade de manutenções. ABSTRACT: The self-consolidating concretes stand out for their essential characteristics: flowability, passing ability and segregation resistance, allowing the increase of the structural elements quality, as well as the optimization of their production. However, in order to obtain its essential characteristics, the main factor is the use of fines, in order to control the negative effects of segregation and bleeding to which fresh concrete is susceptible. In this context, the aim of this paper is to compare the properties, in the fresh and hardened states, of self-consolidating concretes, using fly ash as fine material with the properties of a conventional concrete, produced with materials available in the Toledo-PR, Brazil. The results showed that the self-consolidating concrete presented better performance in relation to the mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete. Using scanning electronic microscopy the affirmations about the improvement in the mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete were proven, since a smaller amount of voids was evidenced due to the pozzolanic activity of fly ash. In this sense, this work contributes to the diffusion of self-consolidating concrete in the literature and its use in usual constructions, resulting in durable and reliable concrete structures, reducing the maintenance works.

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Crawford, Natalie D., Dorie Josma, Kristin R. V. Harrington, Joseph Morris, Alvan Quamina, Michelle Birkett, and Gregory Phillips II. "Using the Think-Aloud Method to Assess the Feasibility and Acceptability of Network Canvas Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons: Qualitative Analysis." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e30237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30237.

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Background Characteristics of an individual’s social network have been important factors in understanding infectious disease transmission patterns. Social network data collection is generally time and resource intensive, yet it is crucial to our understanding of the complex epidemiologic landscape of human behaviors among stigmatized social groups. Objective We sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a self-administered social network data collection tool, Network Canvas, among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) and transgender persons using the think-aloud method, which is a robust and flexible research technique used to perform usability testing. Methods We piloted a self-administered network interview within the Network Canvas Software Suite. Participants aged 18 years and older were recruited through a community-based organization in Atlanta, GA, and were included based upon their willingness to share information on sexual behaviors and drug use for themselves and their social networks. A semistructured interview guide was used to document cognitive decision-making processes while using the tool. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematic analyses were performed. Results Among 7 BMSM and transgender participants, three main themes were identified from cognitive processes: (1) the utility, (2) navigation, and (3) intuitive design of Network Canvas. Overall, Network Canvas was described as “easy to use,” with suggestions mainly directed toward improving navigation tools and implementing an initial tutorial on the program prior to use. Participants were willing to use Network Canvas to document their social networks and characteristics. In general, observed verbal responses from participants matched their behavior, although there were some discrepancies between verbal affirmations of use and understanding versus external observation. Conclusions We found Network Canvas to be a useful new tool to capture social network data. Self-administration allowed participants the opportunity to provide sensitive information about themselves and their social networks. Furthermore, automated name generation and visualization of an individuals’ social network in the app has the potential to reduce cognitive burden during data collection. More efficient methods of social network data collection have the potential to provide epidemiologic information to guide prevention efforts for populations with stigmatized health conditions or behaviors.

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Fink, David C. "Was There a “Reformation Doctrine of Justification”?" Harvard Theological Review 103, no. 2 (April 2010): 205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816010000556.

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In this essay I take up cudgels against a central construct in the confessional historiography of the Protestant Reformation: The notion that there existed a clear, well-defined doctrine of justification shared by all the major reformers from the earliest stages of the conflagration and that this “Reformation doctrine of justification” served as the “material principle” in the formation of the emerging Protestant self-identity.1 In contrast with this traditional view, I argue that the first-generation reformers, galvanized by Luther's protest against the indulgence trade, adopted a common “rhetoric of dissent” aimed at critiquing the regnant Catholic orthopraxy of salvation in the interest of a common set of primarily existential-religious concerns. During the course of the next several decades following the initia Lutheri, however, an “orthodox” doctrine of justification quickly emerged'several of them, in fact. The Roman Catholic church and the emerging Protestant confessions, Lutheran and Reformed, quickly found it necessary to formulate their teachings in increasingly precise terms, so as both to integrate their central soteriological affirmations within a wider body of contested doctrines and practices and to demarcate clearly the boundaries of confessional identity in opposition to competing confessions. As with earlier periods of intense theological controversy within the Christian tradition, this conflict represented not a sudden breakthrough, but rather “a search for orthodoxy, a search conducted by the method of trial and error.”2 Unlike earlier debates, however, what emerged in the aftermath of the Reformation was not a single, dominant orthodoxy which carried the field, but rather multiple, competing orthodoxies, each one with its own Gospel.

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Ramcharan, B. G. "Individual, collective and group rights: History, theory, practice and contemporary evolution." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 1, no. 1 (1993): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181193x00095.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the contemporary debate about collective and group rights in the light of actual cases, relevant literature, and emerging international norms. It offers the following submissions: 1. Group rights or collective rights are not incompatible with the intellectual history of human rights. 2. States are at liberty to work out arrangements that recognize rights for groups within the State or for members of the group. 3. The list of group or collective rights explicitly recognized by contemporary international law is still a rather short one. It has so far dealt mainly with the right of self-determination, the rights of minorities and of indigenous populations. 4. Recent statements on the rights of minorities contain explicit affirmations of their right to: existence, identity, participation, to establish associations, to establish and maintain contacts, to culture, to profess and practice their religion, to use their language, to establish schools and to protection. 5. Any recognition of group or collective rights should be complementary to, and not restrictive of, the rights contained in the Universal Declaration and the International Covenants. 6. The international community is competent to scrutinize the way in which claims to group or collective rights are dealt with nationally. 7. The international community should provide avenues, recourse procedures and specialized fora for promoting international cooperation on issues of group and collective rights. 8. It would seem a worthwhile policy objective for a global study to be made about claims and needs for the recognition of group rights.

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De Klerk, Edwin Darrell, June Monica Palmer, and Greg Alexander. "Covid-19 and Technology: Higher Education’s Responses to Inclusive Practices for Pre-Service Teachers with Disabilities." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 6, no. 2 (September 8, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2021.8.

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Transforming the learning experiences of pre-service teachers with disabilities from stigma and social exclusion to experiencing a sense of belonging, is a desirable imperative for learning mediators in the South African Higher Education (SAHE) context. This paper presents a relational content analysis of the concepts, theories and policies, related to effecting transformation in the meaning schemes of pre-service teachers with disabilities and to provide HEIs with inclusive responses to addressing their learning support needs. The theory of perspective transformation, which highlights the process of effecting change in a frame of reference, is applied. The theory expands on three dimensions, including psychological (changes in understanding of the self), convictional (revision of belief systems) and behavioural (changes in lifestyle) with a sound foundation of inclusion aimed at drawing on practices for the prevention of exclusion of the pre-service teacher with disabilities in SAHE spaces. The paper further analyses discourses extracted from Section 47 of the Salamanca Statement, (1994) that build on inclusion artefacts in addressing perspective transformation. The findings in terms of belonging show that affirmations of the discourses, related to an interpersonal connection with others, have the scope to affect pre-service teachers with disabilities’ need for a positive regard as a prerequisite to foster the inclusion of individuals within any given relationship. This paper recommends that SAHE institutions embrace an ethos of inclusivity to achieve transformative equity for pre-service teachers with disabilities and offers an inclusive response framework to ensure that they are able to participate, learn and be welcomed as appreciated associates of HEIs.

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Ashley, Wendy, and Allen E. Lipscomb. "Culturally Affirming Clinical Supervision in Graduate Field Education: Enhancing Transformative Dialogue in the Supervisory Dyad." International Research in Higher Education 3, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v3n3p22.

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This article is aimed at raising critical consciousness, accountability and empowerment in the supervisory relationship in graduate field education. As more clinicians with intersecting identities navigate rigorous Master’s degree programs, there is a growing need for field instructors to utilize cultural humility in their supervision approach and style. In addition, burgeoning clinicians need to be affirmed, empowered and aware of the intra/inter-cultural dynamics inherent in the supervision process, giving specific attention to power and privilege. In order to navigate culturally relevant supervision for new therapists with a level of humility, field instructors and supervisors face a tall order; it is essential they address cultural differences, validate cultural identities and experiences, and explore power, privilege and intersectionality in the supervisory space while concurrently supporting clinical growth. These difficult dialogues require specific skills, self-awareness and vulnerability on the part of the supervisor. As supervisors attempt to initiate this transformative process, it is important to consider similarities and differences in how supervisors and supervisees experience efforts to engage in difficult dialogues. The authors utilized an anonymous online survey to explore the experiences of supervision among supervised clinicians (n=51) and supervisors (n=39). Qualitative data reflect beneficial supervision regarding clinical content, with a consistent lack of discussion and recognition of power and privilege dynamics; lack of affirmations regarding cultural identities; and superficial exploration of cultural nuances in the supervisor dyad. Findings suggest supervisees need authentic, validating, process oriented exchanges in clinical supervision, especially in field internships where they are learning how to manage clients, their own lived experiences and authenticity in supervision. Recommendations for initiating transformative supervisory practices are included.

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Giordano, James. "A Crisis in Chronic Pain Care: An Ethical Analysis Part Two: Proposed Structure and Function of an Ethics of Pain Medicine." October 2008 5;11, no. 10;5 (October 14, 2008): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/589.

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In this paper, we propose a constructive approach to an ethics of pain medicine that is animated by a core philosophy of medicine as specific and focal to the uniqueness of pain, the pain patient, and the pain clinician. This philosophy of pain medicine 1) defines the nature of pain, 2) recognizes the variability and subjectivity of its expression in the pain patient, 3) acknowledges and explicates the vulnerabilities rendered by pain, 4) describes the inherent characteristics and asymmetries of the patient-clinician relationship, and 5) defines the ends of pain care. That these ends entail the provision of “good” care links the epistemic domains of pain medicine to its anthropologic focus and ethically sound conduct. We posit that an ethics of pain medicine should define the profession and sustain the practice. Facts establish (the need for) certain duties and rules of pain medicine. These emphasize the duty to self and others, and an appreciation for relational asymmetries, and dictates that those who enter the profession of pain medicine should be generally aligned with this set of core practical and ethical affirmations and duties. To maintain contemporary relevance, rules, duties, and moral reasoning must adjust to changing conditions. Applied ethics shape the practice within the infrastructure of core rules and duties of the profession. An applied ethics of pain medicine must be pragmatic, and therefore, cannot rely upon, or be reduced to, a single principle or ethical system. A number of ethical systems (such as the use of principles, utilitarianism, casuistry, feminist/ care orientations) all have relative merit and potential limitations. We argue that the obligation to recognize ethical issues, and utilize knowledge to best reflect appropriate moral values rests upon the clinician as a moral agent, and therefore advocate the relevance and importance of an agent-based virtue ethics, recognizing that virtue ethics cannot stand alone, but must be employed within a larger system of ethical intuition. Yet, if such a structure of normative and applied ethics is to be realized, moral consideration must guide evaluation of the current system of pain care, and provide direction for the development and implementation of therapeutically and ethically integrative pain medicine for the future. Key words: Pain medicine, normative ethics, applied ethics, deontology, virtue ethics, humanities

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Lee, Michelle M., Robert E. Lee, Faith Y. Troupe, and Amber V. Vennum. "Voices of foster parents of Sudanese refugee youths: Affirmations and insights." International Social Work 53, no. 6 (June 24, 2010): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809358396.

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Foster parents of Sudanese refugee adolescents were both gratified and frustrated by their desires to nurture, successfully parent, and socially interact and experience cultural differences with the youths. These parents coped with challenges with the help of God, family, peers and self-talk. Commitment to their wards typically was lifelong.

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Hill, Zoelene, Michelle Spiegel, and Lisa A. Gennetian. "Pride-Based Self-Affirmations and Parenting Programs." Frontiers in Psychology 11 (June 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00910.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-affirmations'

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