Relevant bibliographies by topics / Self –Assessment Manikin

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Self –Assessment Manikin'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Self –Assessment Manikin"

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Bradley, Margaret M., and Peter J. Lang. "Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (March 1994): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9.

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Brito, Henrique, Diogo Teixeira, and Duarte Araújo. "Translation and Construct Validity of the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale in Portuguese Recreational Exercisers." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 22, no. 3 (August 20, 2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.514061.

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La Feeling Scale y la Felt Arousal Scale son escalas ampliamente utilizadas en la investigación del deporte. En este estudio, las escalas originales fueron traducidas del inglés al portugués. Posteriormente, se comprobó si las puntuaciones de afecto y activación en el Self-Assessment Manikin, una escala basada en imágenes, predecían las puntuaciones en la Feeling Scale y en la Felt Arousal Scale en 47 deportistas recreativos portugueses, antes y después de una sesión de ejercicio. El Self-Assessment Manikin mostró correlaciones de moderadas a fuertes con la Feeling Scale (r = 0.70 y r = 0.56, p < 0.01) y la Felt Arousal Scale (r = 0.65 y r = 0.72, p < 0.01), y un poder predictivo sustancial sobre la Feeling Scale (R2 = 47% y R2 = 31%) y la Felt Arousal Scale (R2 = 42% y R2 = 52%). En base a este estudio, la Feeling Scale y la Felt Arousal Scale demostraron ser instrumentos válidos para medir el afecto y la excitación en los ejercitantes recreativos portugueses. Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale are widely used in sport research. They provide a practical assessment of self-reported affect and arousal during exercise. The original scales were translated from English to Portuguese. Afterward, it was tested if the affect and arousal scores in the picture-based Self-Assessment Manikin predicted the scores in the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale in 47 Portuguese recreational exercisers, before and after an exercise session. Self-Assessment Manikin showed moderate-to-strong correlations with the Feeling Scale (r = 0.70 and r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and the Felt Arousal Scale (r = 0.65 and r = 0.72, p < 0.01), and substantial predictive power over the Feeling Scale (R2 = 47% and R2 = 31%) and the Felt Arousal Scale (R2 = 42% and R2 = 52%). The Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale are valid instruments to measure affect and arousal in Portuguese exercisers. A Feeling Scale e a Felt Arousal Scale são amplamente utilizadas na investigação em desporto. Fornecem uma avaliação prática dos estados psicológicos de afeto e da ativação durante o exercício. Neste estudo, as escalas originais foram traduzidas do inglês para português. Posteriormente, testou-se se a pontuação do afeto e da ativação na Self-Assessment Manikin, uma escala baseada em imagens, previa a pontuação na Feeling Scale e na Felt Arousal Scale em 47 desportistas recreativos portugueses, antes e depois de uma sessão de exercício. A Self-Assessment Manikin mostrou correlações moderadas a fortes com a Feeling Scale (r = 0.70 e r = 0.56, p < 0.01) e com a Felt Arousal Scale (r = 0.65 e r = 0.72, p < 0,01), e um poder preditivo substancial sobre a Feeling Scale (R2 = 47% e R2 = 31%) e a Felt Arousal Scale (R2 = 42% e R2 = 52%). A Feeling Scale e a Felt Arousal Scale são instrumentos válidos para medir o afeto e a ativação em desportistas recreativos portugueses.
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Handayani, Dini, Abdul Wahab, and Hamwira Yaacob. "Recognition of Emotions in Video Clips: The Self-Assessment Manikin Validation." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v13i4.2735.

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Backs, Richard W., Sergio P. da Silva, and Kyunghee Han. "A Comparison of Younger and Older Adults' Self-Assessment Manikin Ratings of Affective Pictures." Experimental Aging Research 31, no. 4 (October 2005): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610730500206808.

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Albin, Catherine S. W., Emil Petrusa, James A. Gordon, Deepa Malaiyandi, and Sahar F. Zafar. "Curriculum Innovations: How Real Is Real Enough?" Neurology: Education 1, no. 1 (September 2022): e200004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/ne9.0000000000200004.

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Background and ObjectivesSimulation training has been increasingly adopted in neurology as an engaging way to promote active learning in a safe environment while offering a reproducible platform for real-time feedback. However, despite the increase in simulation programs, there remains uncertainty about which type of high-fidelity platform would best promote trainee knowledge and confidence acquisition. The objective of this study is to investigate whether increases in resident knowledge and confidence differ when a simulation course for acute neurology emergencies uses a standardized patient vs a manikin-video format. We also investigated trainees' management deviations from the treatment guidelines.MethodsOver 5 sessions, 20 junior neurology residents participated in a simulation training course in which they managed 3 neurologic emergencies: right middle cerebral artery stroke, status epilepticus, and pontine hemorrhage causing coma. Residents in the standardized patient group interacted with a live actor for the cases in which the patient was conscious. Residents in the manikin-video group interacted with a manikin for all 3 cases. Before and after the course, residents completed a 40-question multiple-choice test and a survey about their self-perceived confidence in handling 15 neurologic emergencies. To create an element of internal validity, 9 items were represented in the course curriculum and 6 were not. During the simulation, a detailed behavior checklist was used to assess decision-making and guideline adherence. All residents answered items about the educational quality of the simulation sessions.ResultsResidents had significantly higher scores on the knowledge assessment after the training session (pre: 49% vs post: 72%,p< 0.001, effect size 91%). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups—each increasing 23% (p= 0.977). Regardless of group assignment, the median self-reported confidence score improved by 1 point on a Likert scale across the topics taught in the course. The behavior checklist demonstrated significant variations in treatment practices and provided targeted areas for feedback and teaching.DiscussionThis pilot study suggests that trainees' knowledge and confidence in the management of neurologic emergencies increase after simulated encounters, regardless of whether a live actor or manikin simulation platforms is used. The use of a behavior checklist uncovered important variations in guideline adherence among novice physicians.
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Murdoch, Maureen, Melissa Ruth Partin, Derek Vang, and Shannon Marie Kehle-Forbes. "The Psychological Risk of Minimal Risk Activities: A Pre- and Posttest Study Using the Self-Assessment Manikin." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 14, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264618810302.

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It is difficult to apply U.S. Federal Code of Regulation’s criterion for “minimal risk,” because benchmarks of minimal risk have not been quantified. Our goal was to examine the psychological risks of several day-to-day activities. Using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), we assessed the state valence and arousal of 432 patients and employees at a large Midwestern Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility before and after they had their blood drawn, saw their primary care physician or mental health provider, or took part in an exercise class. Exercise was associated with near-large to large salutary effects (Cohen’s d = 0.76-1.17); other effects were small or moderate in positive directions (Cohen’s d = 0.02-0.51). Our findings are a promising start toward establishing benchmarks and quantifying the psychological harms of minimal risk activities. Estimates such as these may help researchers determine whether their own research exceeds minimal risk.
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Liao, Dan, Lin Shu, Guodong Liang, Yingxuan Li, Yue Zhang, Wenzhuo Zhang, and Xiangming Xu. "Design and Evaluation of Affective Virtual Reality System Based on Multimodal Physiological Signals and Self-Assessment Manikin." IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology 4, no. 3 (September 2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jerm.2019.2948767.

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Lasaitis, Cristina, Rafaela Larsen Ribeiro, Marcelo Ventura Freire, and Orlando Franscisco Amodeo Bueno. "Atualização das normas brasileiras para o International Affective Picture System (IAPS)." Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul 30, no. 3 (December 2008): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81082008000400012.

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Este trabalho expande a normatização brasileira do International Affective Picture System (IAPS), um instrumento de imagens afetivas, amplamente utilizado em pesquisas, com valores normativos para 240 novos estímulos, e confirma as categorias de imagens "agradáveis", "neutras" e "desagradáveis". Também são apresentados os resultados comparando os padrões de respostas de homens e mulheres. No total, participaram 448 estudantes universitários brasileiros (179 homens e 269 mulheres), que avaliaram as fotografias em termos de prazer, alerta e dominância, através da escala Self Assessment Manikin (SAM). O procedimento adotado foi o mesmo de outro estudo já desenvolvido para as normas norte-americanas.
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Sutton, Tina M., Andrew M. Herbert, and Dailyn Q. Clark. "Valence, arousal, and dominance ratings for facial stimuli." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 8 (February 13, 2019): 2046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819829012.

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A total of 1,363 images from seven sets of facial stimuli were normed using the self-assessment manikin procedure. Each participant provided valence, arousal, and dominance ratings for 120-130 faces displaying various emotional expressions (e.g., happiness, sadness). The current work provides a large database of normed ratings for facial stimuli that complements the existing International Affective Picture System and the Affective Norms for English Words that were developed to provide a normative set of emotional ratings for photographs and words, respectively. This new database will increase experimental control in studies examining the perception, processing, and identification of emotional faces.
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Pahlavan, F., and T. Lubart. "Motivational Effects of Success Or Failure Feedback on the Perception of Affective Pictures." Psychological Reports 100, no. 2 (April 2007): 585–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.585-603.

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A study of perception of affective pictures from the International Affective Photo System, using the Self Assessment Manikin scale, was conducted. It was hypothesized that participants' affective ratings could be moderated by a subjective experience of success or failure. Analysis, based on a sample of 36 university students, showed an approach tendency for women when they were exposed to positive pictures in the success condition. This approach tendency was associated with relatively shorter processing times and high affective ratings. Men showed relatively shorter processing times and high affective ratings when exposed to negative pictures. For memory-related measures, the highest scores were observed in the success condition for exposure to pleasant pictures. The results are discussed in terms of affective-related self-regulatory tendencies moderated by sex.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self –Assessment Manikin"

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Lee, Michael Alexander. "Smelling How to Feel: The Role of Ambient Odor and Olfaction in Affective Experience and Evaluation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1596730510296594.

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Poalses, Jacolize. "An investigation into the advantage of non–verbal measurement of emotion in television advertisements across South African generation / Poalses J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7291.

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Emotions have become an important research topic in both the behavioural sciences and advertising. Nowadays, emotions are acknowledged as an important mediator of cognitive and behavioural consumer responses to advertising. Consequently, researchers in marketing and advertising have emphasised the need to consider emotions as a crucial factor in the advertising process. To test the viability of this assumption, an empirical research study was conducted at the Behavioural and Communication Research Division of the Bureau of Market Research (BMR). More specifically, the research study used a three–dimensional approach to measure generational differences in consumers’ emotional response to television advertisements. To capture immediate, positive and negative emotive responses towards a pre–selected test advertisement, the study used three research instruments, namely AdSAM, PrEmo (both non–verbal measurement instruments) and the List of Emotions (LoE) (verbal measurement instrument). Gauteng consumers (n = 102) who view television participated in the study, which revealed that ageing appears to be a significant antecedent in measuring emotive response to advertisements. In this regard, the study showed, among others, that Baby Boomers (older generation) were inclined to react to the advertisement in a different manner than younger generations (Millennials and Xers). For example, Baby Boomers found it easier to acknowledge higher levels of engagement with the test advertisement, as was noted in the high Arousal ratings. No significant differences were, however, evident between generations on the Pleasure dimension as all generations seem to have felt positively towards the test advertisement. Furthermore, although all generations felt positive emotive reactions when viewing the test advertisement, Millennials feel more Comfortable, whereas the Xers and Baby Boomers feel stronger Warmed emotions. Overall, older people tend to purposefully seek to experience positive emotions and avoid or limit negative emotions. In summary, both non–verbal and verbal measures reflected generational differences that seem to be more apparent when analysing negative emotions. The study also revealed that the AdSAM instrument appears to be advantageous when measuring emotions in television advertising due to its non–verbal properties. However, greater generational differences seem to be evident when emotions are measured with a verbal rather than non–verbal instrument. Against this background, certain recommendations for future research were made, amongst others, the need for further research on emotive reaction to television advertisements and the need for innovative research models that are customised for the diverse South African consumer market.
Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Creemers, Warren. "On the Recognition of Emotion from Physiological Data." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/680.

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This work encompasses several objectives, but is primarily concerned with an experiment where 33 participants were shown 32 slides in order to create ‗weakly induced emotions‘. Recordings of the participants‘ physiological state were taken as well as a self report of their emotional state. We then used an assortment of classifiers to predict emotional state from the recorded physiological signals, a process known as Physiological Pattern Recognition (PPR). We investigated techniques for recording, processing and extracting features from six different physiological signals: Electrocardiogram (ECG), Blood Volume Pulse (BVP), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electromyography (EMG), for the corrugator muscle, skin temperature for the finger and respiratory rate. Improvements to the state of PPR emotion detection were made by allowing for 9 different weakly induced emotional states to be detected at nearly 65% accuracy. This is an improvement in the number of states readily detectable. The work presents many investigations into numerical feature extraction from physiological signals and has a chapter dedicated to collating and trialing facial electromyography techniques. There is also a hardware device we created to collect participant self reported emotional states which showed several improvements to experimental procedure.
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Mogaji, Emmanuel. "Emotional appeals in UK banks' print advertisement." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622103.

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The unprecedented turbulence and uncertainty experienced in global economic and financial markets because of the 'credit crunch' has had a damaging impact on consumer confidence. Trust and credibility have been eroded as many customers feel let down by the banks suggesting the need for banks to rebuild constructive dialogue and long-term, meaningful relationships with their customers again. Though financial service, in this case, is considered a utilitarian service, based on the fact that money is needed to support people‘s daily activities, the present state of financial service has suggested the need for banks to appeal to consumers‘ emotions with the aim of improving their reputation. Also, the competition within the industry also could suggest the need to adopt an emotionally appealing advertisement strategy as emotions are known to play an influential role in building robust brand preference. This study builds on the communication theory, meaning transfer theory and consumer involvement theory, to understand the messages the banks are sending out and to elicit consumers‘ emotional reaction. One thousand, two hundred and seventy-four UK bank advertisements in nine national newspapers were content-analysed to identify the emotional appeals presented by the banks. The perception of these appeals and their associated meanings were sought through semi-structured interviews with 33 participants in London and Luton. The results of the analysis indicated that UK Banks are utilising emotional appeal in their advertisements to reach out to the consumers to convince them to upgrade their account, to open an additional account or switch their account. The most predominantly used appeals were relief and relaxation followed by excitement and happiness or satisfaction with the bank, and finally, security and adventure. However, variations were found in different financial products that employed emotional appeals. It was found that high-involvement products such as mortgages and loans used fewer emotional appeals. Both bank groups - high street banks, including the big four (Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and RBS) and non-high street banks, such as the new entrants, supermarket brands, and online banks were using emotional appeals. However, it is acknowledged that the communication strategies between these banks could be different as the non-high street banks are more likely to repeat and publish the same messages across many newspapers, instead of publishing different emotionally appealing advertisements. Though consumers acknowledged these emotional appeals in the advertisements, they were more concerned about their relationship with the banks as they don‘t rely on advertisements to make a financial decision. Rather, recommendations from families, friends and associates and also branch location are more important when deciding on which bank to choose. The lack of congruency between financial services and emotional appeals in advertisements is also observed as customers are more likely to be persuaded by rational appeals however this study has not completely ruled out emotional appeals in bank advertisements as the use of both types of appeals is recommended. The study provides important theoretical and managerial contributions to understanding how the consumers understand meaning-embedded advertisements produced by the banks. Managers will be able to consider the implications of advertisements in enhancing their brand equity and building relationships with customers in anticipation that, by word of the mouth and established relationship, their bank‘s reputation will be enhanced. Limitations of the study and opportunities for future research are identified.
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Wei-TingYeh and 葉韋廷. "A Research of Emotional Speech in Medicare Product Design Using Self – Assessment Manikin." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02591559191883715012.

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碩士
國立成功大學
工業設計學系碩博士班
100
This research apply a scale called SAM (Self–Assessment Manikin), and using the purpose of medicare to be an applied speech case accord with the future trends to aim at Chinese speech in the structure of Kansei Engineering. It will be established the emotional relationship between speech types and auditory perception. The directions of emotional products design will also be focused gradually in the future, and further to consider users of auditory senses from economic consumer demands. First, to find out basic component properties of changes and impact for the emotional speech, an emotional scale with three dimensions as pleasure, arousal, and dominance is used. Second, classifying all speech types of auditory perception completely through the cluster process. Finally, identifying actual correlations and influence value by Quantification Theory Type I. Results confirmed that characteristic variations of speech as the main reason for emotional differences generated. Then it had distinguished speech into four auditory perception types (I. Low Pleasure ＆ Low Arousal ＆ Low Dominance; II. Low Arousal ＆ Low Dominance; III. High Arousal; IV. High Pleasure), also suggested the “High Pleasure” for the choice direction and proposed an applicable indicator (includes three variables of gender, pitch, speed) for emotional speech at the same time. That’s beneficial to facilitate the development process of human-machine interactive products design in the future. Giving designers an effective direction of select for speech types, besides stimulating more applications and developments used in the products with domestic speech technologies.
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Chen, Jing-Ming, and 陳靖明. "Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Joint Training by Self-Assessment Manikins and Emotion Labels." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a7m6ws.

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碩士
國立中央大學
通訊工程學系
107
With the development of artificial intelligence, the interaction between humans and machines has become more and more often, such as chat robots or home care systems, which are common human-computer interaction applications. Emotional recognition can improve the interaction between man and machine, and can also apply the emotional recognition of the robot to medical aspects, such as emotional identification of patients. The objective of this work is to develop a speech emotion recognition system by learning the emotional characteristics of audio using deep learning. In this work, we propose a system that can recognize speech emotion and use both regression models and classification models. This speech emotion recognition technology can achieve the accuracy of 64.70% in the dataset of script and improvised mixed scenes. If the dataset has only impromvised scenes, the accuracy can reach 66.34%. Compared with the characteristics of uncombined mental state, the accuracy of this technology is increased by 2.95% and 2.09%, respectively. So the characteristics of mental state can effectively help the speech emotion recognition.
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Book chapters on the topic "Self –Assessment Manikin"

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Bynion, Teah-Marie, and Matthew T. Feldner. "Self-Assessment Manikin." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 4654–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_77.

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Bynion, Teah-Marie, and Matthew T. Feldner. "Self-Assessment Manikin." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_77-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Self –Assessment Manikin"

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Hayashi, Elaine C. S., Julián E. Gutiérrez Posada, Vanessa R. M. L. Maike, and M. Cecília C. Baranauskas. "Exploring new formats of the Self-Assessment Manikin in the design with children." In IHC '16: XV Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3033701.3033728.

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Xie, Tianhua, Mingliang Cao, and Zhigeng Pan. "Applying Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) to Evaluate the Affective Arousal Effects of VR Games." In ICIGP 2020: 2020 3rd International Conference on Image and Graphics Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3383812.3383844.

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Alexandra Silva, Rute, Iara Margolis, Isabel Lisboa, Eduarda Pereira, Bernardo Providência, and Nelson Costa. "Emotional responses to motion sickness in autonomous driving." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001776.

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In future autonomous cars, users, free from the primary task of driving, will have time and space to engage in other activities while traveling, such as reading a book, working on a laptop or watching a movie. Although the option for these activities are one of the great advantages of autonomous cars, this will also likely increase motion sickness (MS) inside the car. MS affects numerous individuals, and it occurs when the information received through the eyes differs from what is perceived by the body and the inner ear. Plus, MS can have an impact on the emotional component of the individuals experiencing it, making the experience of traveling in autonomous cars uncomfortable and difficult. Emotional design studies focus on the emotional response of individuals to a product or service. These studies typically employ self-report scales as assessment tools, such as SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin) and PrEmo (Product Emotion Measurement instrument). We present the first study measuring emotional responses to MS using both SAM and PrEmo scales. In our study, we induced MS by asking participants to watch a highly dynamic video of a first-person car trip. We also asked subjects to answer to SAM and PrEmo before and after the visualization of the video. Our results showed a change in the answers in time, that is, before vs. after the experience of MS. MS significantly altered individuals' emotional responses, worsening their condition. These results support the need for studies that reduce MS to improve the experience and well-being of individuals in autonomous cars.
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Grimm, M., and K. Kroschel. "Evaluation of natural emotions using self assessment manikins." In IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asru.2005.1566530.

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Chen, Jing-Ming, Pao-Chi Chang, and Kai-Wen Liang. "Speech Emotion Recognition Based on Joint Self-Assessment Manikins and Emotion Labels." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ism46123.2019.00073.

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Trindade, Yanick, Francisco Rebelo, and Paulo Noriega. "Measuring emotion, interaction, and cultural outcomes after a VR game: The case of São Tomé." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001968.

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The development of strategies based on the preservation, innovation, and dissemination of cultural aspects of the São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), represents an essential condition for the improvement and dynamization of the culture and creativity sector. Nowadays, due to low cost and technological advances, virtual Reality (VR) devices can provide an immersive experience to share cultural aspects. The goal of this study is to analyze (1) if the memory of the cultural and natural aspects remains after the end of VR experience, (2) the emotional reaction after the experience, and (3) interaction problems reported by participants. The number of participants in this study was 10. To measure what remains related to cultural and natural aspects of STP, the Think-aloud method was used to collect information. This protocol was applied after the participant finished the VR experience (retrospective think-aloud). This allowed knowing what participants value at a specific moment. Questions related to cultural aspects were directly asked to participants through a Questionnaire with questions about paintings/artists and creole language (QPCL) After three weeks, the QPCL was applied again, to verify if the cultural/natural aspect was recalled after this period. We also apply the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) tool to analyze the emotional reaction. Regarding the results using think-aloud, we structure the answers into 4 categories: (1) Interaction in VR; (2) Culture; (3) Nature, and (4) The desire to be there. Concerning Interaction in VR, the majority do not report any interaction problems (7 participants). Regarding the cultural and natural aspects, the natural aspect related to the green environment was the most reported aspect (5 participants). The desire to be there, was reported by 4 participants. We did not ask if they want to visit São Tomé or any other aspect categorized (think-aloud), they just verbalized what they were thinking at the time (after finishing the VR experience). The data collected using SAM reveals that the pleasure was positive, and arousal was considerable (Pleasure Average = 7.4; Pleasure Standard Deviation = 1.3 / Arousal average = 6.8; Arousal Standard Deviation = 2.1). Three weeks later, we applied the SAM and QPCL questionnaire again, and the results were still close to the values initially reported. In conclusion, the think-aloud and QPCL methods were helpful tools to understand what participants most value during a VR game experience (related to cultural, natural, and interaction aspects), and the results related to emotional reaction (SAM questionnaire), show that the experience provided a high level of pleasure.
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Siegert, I., R. Bock, B. Vlasenko, D. Philippou-Hubner, and A. Wendemuth. "Appropriate emotional labelling of non-acted speech using basic emotions, geneva emotion wheel and self assessment manikins." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2011.6011929.

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