Journal articles: 'Self-attribution bias'

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Doukas, John A., and Dimitris Petmezas. "Acquisitions, Overconfident Managers and Self-attribution Bias." European Financial Management 13, no. 3 (June 2007): 531–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036x.2007.00371.x.

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van Elk, Michiel. "The self-attribution bias and paranormal beliefs." Consciousness and Cognition 49 (March 2017): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.02.001.

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Dunn, Dana S. "Demonstrating a Self-Serving Bias." Teaching of Psychology 16, no. 1 (February 1989): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1601_6.

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A self-serving attributional bias is demonstrated in a classroom exercise. Students' self-descriptions reveal a bias toward reporting positive attributes, a result that allows for discussion of motivational and cognitive processes in attribution.

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Czaja, Daniel, and Florian Röder. "Self-attribution bias and overconfidence among nonprofessional traders." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 78 (November 2020): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.02.003.

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Cristofaro, Matteo, and Pier Luigi Giardino. "Core Self-Evaluations, Self-Leadership, and the Self-Serving Bias in Managerial Decision Making: A Laboratory Experiment." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10030064.

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The self-leadership construct has received great attention from scholars over the last 40 years due to its capacity to influence personal effectiveness. However, despite strongly influencing individuals’ self-efficacy, performed studies did not determine whether self-leadership is connected, and how, with the Core-Self Evaluation (CSE) trait—a complex personality disposition based on self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability—that has been found impacting decision-making processes within organizations. Moreover, it has not been identified whether individuals with a high level of self-leadership are more prone to be victims of some cognitive biases in decision-making processes, such as the internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures (i.e., Self-Serving Bias, SSB) that are usually led by the strong belief of individuals in their own capacities. The outlined gaps can be substantiated by the following two research questions: “How is self-leadership related with CSE?” and “How does self-leadership influence the attribution of successes/failures?”. To answer these questions, the following were identified and analyzed for 93 executives: (i) the tendency in the attribution of successes and failures, (ii) the CSE, and (iii) their self-leadership level. Results show that: (i) a high level of CSE is connected with high levels of self-leadership; (ii) high levels of self-leadership bring individuals to the internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures. This work reinforces the stream of (the few) studies that considers a high level of CSE and self-leadership as not always being desirable for managerial decision-making processes and consequent performance. This paper aims to enrich the debate concerning the relations between, on the one hand, self-leadership and, on the other hand, personality traits between self-leadership and decision making.

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이수남, Donghoon Lee, Bia Kim, and HyunJung Shin. "The Effect of Affect in Self-Serving Attribution Bias." Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 2 (May 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15818/ihss.2016.17.2.1.

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Twardawski, Torsten, and Axel Kind. "Board Overconfidence in Mergers & Acquisitions: A Self-Attribution Bias." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 18240. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.18240abstract.

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Ong, Desmond C., Noah D. Goodman, and Jamil Zaki. "Happier than thou? A self-enhancement bias in emotion attribution." Emotion 18, no. 1 (February 2018): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000309.

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Bertella, Mario A., Felipe R. Pires, Henio H. A. Rego, Jonathas N. Silva, Irena Vodenska, and H. Eugene Stanley. "Confidence and self-attribution bias in an artificial stock market." PLOS ONE 12, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): e0172258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172258.

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van Dijk, Anouk, Sander Thomaes, Astrid M. G. Poorthuis, and Bram Orobio de Castro. "Can Self-Persuasion Reduce Hostile Attribution Bias in Young Children?" Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 47, no. 6 (December 4, 2018): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0499-2.

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Zhang, Yanchi, Zhe Pan, Kai Li, and Yongyu Guo. "Self-Serving Bias in Memories." Experimental Psychology 65, no. 4 (July 2018): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000409.

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Abstract. Protecting one’s positive self-image from damage is a fundamental need of human beings. Forgetting is an effective strategy in this respect. Individuals show inferior recall of negative feedback about themselves but unimpaired recognition of self-related negative feedback. This discrepancy may imply that individuals retain negative information but forget that the information is associated with the self. In two experiments, participants judged whether two-character trait adjectives (positive or negative) described themselves or others. Subsequently, they completed old-new judgments (Experiment 2) and attribution tasks (Experiments 1 and 2). Neither old-new recognition nor source guessing bias was influenced by word valence. Participants’ source memory was worse in the negative self-referenced word processing condition than in the other conditions. These results suggest there is a self-serving bias in memory for the connection between valence information and the self.

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Mushinada, Venkata Narasimha Chary, and Venkata Subrahmanya Sarma Veluri. "Elucidating investors rationality and behavioural biases in Indian stock market." Review of Behavioral Finance 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rbf-04-2018-0034.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the relationship between investors’ rationality and behavioural biases like self-attribution, overconfidence. Design/methodology/approach The study applies structural equation modelling to understand whether individual investors, besides being rational, are subjected to self-attribution bias and overconfidence bias. Findings The study shows the empirical evidence in the support of behavioural biases like self-attribution and overconfidence existing besides investors’ rationality. Moreover, there is a statistically significant positive covariance found between self-attribution and overconfidence, implying that an increase/decrease in self-attribution results in the increase/decrease in overconfidence and vice versa. It is also observed that the personal characteristics of an investor such as gender, age, occupation, annual income and their trading experience have an impact on behavioural biases. Research limitations/implications The study focused on rational decision making, self-attribution and overconfidence biases using primary data. Further studies can be encouraged to test the existence of behavioural biases based on both market level and individual account data simultaneously. Practical implications Insights from the study suggest that the investors should perform a post-analysis of each investment, so that they become aware of past behavioural mistakes and stop continuing the same. This might help investors to minimise the negative impact of self-attribution and overconfidence on their expected utility. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship among investors’ rationality, self-attribution and overconfidence in the Indian context using a comprehensive survey.

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Bordel, Stéphanie, Gérard Guingouain, Alain Somat, Florence Terrade, Anne-Valérie Aubouin, Denis Querrat, and Katell Botrel. "Naive Explanations of Road Accidents: Self-Serving Bias and Defensive Attribution." Psihologia Resurselor Umane 5, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24837/pru.v5i2.326.

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The aim of this article is to take into account the explanations given by people involved in road accident (drivers, passengers and witnesses) so as to consider preconisation susceptible to improve road safety. Testimonies from 205 reports of the French "Gendarmerie Nationale" were analysed. The results show the existence of actor (driver)/observer (passenger and witness) asymmetry in attribution. In fact, observers give as many internal explanations as external explanations, when actors give more external explanations than internal explanations. This result can be interpreted in term of self-serving bias (in so far as we note an effect of the severity of the outcomes on the drivers' explanations) and also can be interpreted according to the theory of defensive attribution (even if we fail to show that observers' explanations can be influenced by accident severity). Actors and observers explain events with different categories (actor/observer asymmetry bias), but use the same motivational strategies of protection: drivers would try to protect their self-esteem in order to avoid being held responsible for the accident (self-serving bias), while observers would try to protect themselves (defensive attribution) from the idea that they could find themselves in the same situation. Finally, we examine some preconisations likely to enhance the road safety.

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LIBBY, ROBERT, and KRISTINA RENNEKAMP. "Self-Serving Attribution Bias, Overconfidence, and the Issuance of Management Forecasts." Journal of Accounting Research 50, no. 1 (October 31, 2011): 197–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2011.00430.x.

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Weems-Landingham, Velvet. "Is it Me?: Virtual Team Leader Self-Attribution & Responsibility Bias." International Journal of Learning: Annual Review 16, no. 5 (2009): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v16i05/46317.

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Mushinada, Venkata Narasimha Chary, and Venkata Subrahmanya Sarma Veluri. "Self-attribution, Overconfidence and Dynamic Market Volatility in Indian Stock Market." Global Business Review 21, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 970–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779288.

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The article provides an empirical evaluation of self-attribution, overconfidence bias and dynamic market volatility at Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) across various market capitalizations. First, the investors’ reaction to market gain when they make right and wrong forecasts is studied to understand whether self-attribution bias causes investors’ overconfidence. It is found that when investors make right forecasts of future returns, they become overconfident and trade more in subsequent time periods. Next, the relation between excessive trading volume of overconfident investors and excessive prices volatility is studied. The trading volume is decomposed into a first variable related to overconfidence and a second variable unrelated to investors’ overconfidence. During pre-crisis period, the analysis of small stocks shows that conditional volatility is positively related to trading volume caused by overconfidence. During post-crisis period, the analysis shows that the under-confident investors became very pessimistic in small stocks and tend to overweight the future volatility. Whereas, the analysis of large stocks indicates that the overconfidence component of trading volume is positively correlated with the market volatility. Collectively, the empirical results provide strong statistical support to the presence of self-attribution and overconfidence bias explaining a large part of excessive and asymmetric volatility in Indian stock market.

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Iqbal. "Managerial Self-Attribution Bias and Banks’ Future Performance: Evidence from Emerging Economies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020073.

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The objective of the study was to predict the future performance of banks based on the contextual information provided in annual reports. The European Central Bank has observed that performance prediction models in earlier studies mainly rely on quantitative financial data, which are insufficient for the comprehensive assessment of banks’ performance. There is a need to incorporate the qualitative information along with numerical data for better prediction. In this context, this study employed the attribution theory for understanding the contextual information of behavioral biases of management towards the expected outcomes. The sample consisted of 58 banks of 16 emerging economies, and the period covered from 2007–2015. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed to identify the latent groups of banks within the data. For performance prediction, system GMM was employed, because it helped to deal with the endogeneity and heterogeneity problems. The results of the study were consistent with the attribution theory that management took credit for favorable expected outcomes and distanced from bad outcomes. An important policy implication of the study is that the prevalence of self-attribution bias of management in annual reports provides an additional source of information for the regulators to identify the banks at risks and take preventive measures to avoid the expected cost of failure. It can also help investors, and gives analysts a better tool for a comprehensive analysis of the profitability of prospective investments.

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Sandelands, Lloyd E., and Ralph E. Stablein. "SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS AND BIAS IN SOCIAL INTERACTION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.2.239.

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Two studies were conducted to investigate whether trait differences in self-consciousness could account for egocentric attribution bias in social interaction. Study 1 examined the prediction that bias would be greater for high self-conscious versus low self-conscious subjects. This prediction was affirmed for the public form of self-consciousness. Study 2 then sought to replicate this effect and examine its generality. The prediction was that self-consciousness effects would be enhanced when social interaction was made salient as the cause of performance (Interaction Important Condition) and would be diminished when social interaction was obscured as the cause of performance (Interaction Unimportant Condition). As predicted, the biasing effect of public self-consciousness was replicated for controls. Also as predicted, public self-consciousness was found to have no effect in the Interaction Unimportant Condition. Contrary to prediction, however, the effect of public self-consciousness was reversed in the Interaction Important Condition. Implications of these findings are discussed

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Keefer, Lucas A., Mitch Brown, Shelby J. McGrew, and Shelby L. Reeves. "Growth motivation moderates a self-serving attribution bias in the health domain." Personality and Individual Differences 134 (November 2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.047.

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Werner, Jan-Dirk, Kristin Trapp, Torsten Wüstenberg, and Martin Voss. "Self-attribution bias during continuous action-effect monitoring in patients with schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 152, no. 1 (January 2014): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.012.

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Koo, Jeong-Ho, and Daecheon Yang. "Managerial Overconfidence, Self-Attribution Bias, and Downwardly Sticky Investment: Evidence from Korea." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 54, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2017.1398643.

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Kim, Y. Han (Andy). "Self attribution bias of the CEO: Evidence from CEO interviews on CNBC." Journal of Banking & Finance 37, no. 7 (July 2013): 2472–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.02.008.

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Mushinada, Venkata Narasimha Chary, and Venkata Subrahmanya Sarma Veluri. "Investors overconfidence behaviour at Bombay Stock Exchange." International Journal of Managerial Finance 14, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 613–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-05-2017-0093.

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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to empirically test the overconfidence hypothesis at Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).Design/methodology/approachThe study applies bivariate vector autoregression to perform the impulse-response analysis and EGARCH models to understand whether there is self-attribution bias and overconfidence behavior among the investors.FindingsThe study shows the empirical evidence in support of overconfidence hypothesis. The results show that the overconfident investors overreact to private information and underreact to the public information. Based on EGARCH specifications, it is observed that self-attribution bias, conditioned by right forecasts, increases investors’ overconfidence and the trading volume. Finally, the analysis of the relation between return volatility and trading volume shows that the excessive trading of overconfident investors makes a contribution to the observed excessive volatility.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on self-attribution and overconfidence biases using monthly data. Further studies can be encouraged to test the proposed hypotheses on daily data and also other behavioral biases.Practical implicationsInsights from the study suggest that the investors should perform a post-analysis of each investment so that they become aware of past behavioral mistakes and stop continuing the same. This might help investors to minimize the negative impact of self-attribution and overconfidence on their expected utility.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the investors’ overconfidence behavior at market-level data in BSE, India.

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CHATTOPADHYAY, RACHANA. "ATTRIBUTION STYLE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS: A STUDY BASED ON INDIAN CULTURE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 15, no. 03 (September 2007): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495807000162.

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Attribution theory is said to be one of the few psychological theories that can deal with entrepreneurial persistence and setbacks. To explain the question why some entrepreneurs “succeed” in establishing the firm and others do not, recently researchers are emphasizing upon the attribution style of the entrepreneurs. Moreover, US Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED) by Gartner and Shaver (2002) is also pointed out that nascent entrepreneurs show self serving bias in their attribution style. To know whether Indian nascent entrepreneurs show the same style of attribution, this study has been conducted. In this study, differentiation has been made upon high and low success group of nascent entrepreneurs in association with attribution style. Results of this study indicate different style of attribution among Indian nascent entrepreneurs.

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Green, Thomas D., Roger C. Bailey, Otto Zinser, and Dale E. Williams. "Causal Attribution and Affective Response as Mediated by Task Performance and Self-Acceptance." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1555.

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Predictions derived from cognitive consistency theories, self-esteem theories, and ego-serving-bias theory concerning how students would make attributional and affective responses to their academic performance were investigated. 202 university students completed a measure of self-acceptance of their college ability and made attributional and affective responses to an hypothetical examination performance. Analyses showed that students receiving positive feedback perceived greater internal causality and responded with greater positive affect than students receiving negative feedback. Self-acceptance did not moderate the attributions or affective reactions. The results supported the ego-serving-bias theory and provided partial support for self-esteem theory. Findings did not support predictions from cognitive-consistency theory.

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Urooj, Syeda Faiza, Nosheen Zafar, and Muzammil Illyas Sindhu. "Overconfidence Bias: Empirical Examination of Trading Turnover and Market Returns." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (June 30, 2019): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).50.

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Theory of overconfidence states that investors are highly overconfident when valuing the stocks. Self-attribution has been found by the researchers as the root cause for overconfidence bias in investors. Investors attribute the high stock prices and returns with their own art of picking up the stocks, and thus they trade more frequently. In order to test overconfidence and self-attribution Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model has been employed to find out the long-term relationship between endogenous variables: market return and market turnover and exogenous variables: volatility and dispersion. Results revealed that there exists a strong positive relationship between market returns and trading turnover. Also, the crosssectional standard deviation in market prices i-e volatility and the cross-sectional variation in stock returns i-e dispersion has a very strong impact on trading pattern and returns. Since investment decisions made by Pakistani investor largely depend upon psychological factors, giving less weightage to all the fundamentals, the trading pattern exhibited may collectively tend the market behave in an irrational manner.

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Van Bockstaele, Bram, Mariët J. van der Molen, Maroesjka van Nieuwenhuijzen, and Elske Salemink. "Modification of hostile attribution bias reduces self-reported reactive aggressive behavior in adolescents." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 194 (June 2020): 104811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104811.

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Gollwitzer, Anton, and John A. Bargh. "Social Psychological Skill and Its Correlates." Social Psychology 49, no. 2 (March 2018): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000332.

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Abstract. In six studies (N = 1,143), we investigated social psychological skill – lay individuals’ skill at predicting social psychological phenomena (e.g., social loafing, attribution effects). Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated reliable individual differences in social psychological skill. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, attributes associated with decreased cognitive and motivational bias – cognitive ability, cognitive curiosity, and melancholy and introversion – predicted social psychological skill. Studies 4 and 5 confirmed that social psychological skill is distinct from other skills (e.g., test-taking skills, intuitive physics), and relates directly to reduced motivational bias (i.e., self-deception). In Study 6, social psychological skill related to appreciating the situational causes of another individual’s behavior – reduced fundamental attribution error. Theoretical and applied implications are considered.

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Yamauchi, Hirotsugu. "Effects of Actor's and Observer's Roles on Causal Attributions by Japanese Subjects for Success and Failure in Competitive Situations." Psychological Reports 63, no. 2 (October 1988): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.2.619.

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To examine differences between actors and observers for causal attribution for success and failure under competitive situation, 72 male and 72 female students were administered three kinds of mental tasks. Subjects were asked to rate the extent to which they attribute their own (actor role) and opponent's (observer role) outcomes to four causes, ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. According to the notion of self-serving bias or egotism in attribution, actors attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors. The winning actors attributed success to luck, while the losing actors attributed failure to ability or internal factors. These findings indicated no self-serving bias but rather showed a reverse trend. In contrast, the losing opponent-observers attributed actor's success more to internal factors, while the winning opponent-observers attributed actor's failure more to luck. The cross-cultural influences in achievement motivation were discussed for these attributional tendencies.

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Stephane, M., M. Kuskowski, K. McClannahan, C. Surerus, and K. Nelson. "Evaluation of speech misattribution bias in schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170999081x.

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BackgroundThe attribution of self-generated speech to others could explain the experience of verbal hallucinations. To test this hypothesis, we developed a task to simultaneously evaluate (A) operations of self-other distinction and (B) operations that have the same cognitive demands as in A apart from self-other distinction. By adjusting A to B, operations of self-other distinction were specifically evaluated.MethodThirty-nine schizophrenia patients and 26 matched healthy controls were required to distinguish between self-generated, other-generated and non-generated (self or other) sentences. The sentences were in the first, second or third person and were read in a male or female voice in equal proportions. Mixed multi-level logistic regression models were used to investigate the effect of group, sentence source, pronoun and gender of the heard sentences on response accuracy.ResultsPatients differed from controls in the recognition of self-generated and other-generated sentences but not in general recognition ability. Pronoun was a significant predictor of response accuracy but without any significant interaction with group. Differences in the gender of heard sentences were not significant. Misattribution bias differentiated groups only in the self-other direction.ConclusionsThese data support the theory that misattribution of self-generated speech to others could result in verbal hallucinations. The syntactic (pronoun) factor could impact self-other distinction in subtypes of verbal hallucinations that are phenomenologically defined whereas the acoustic factor (gender of heard speech) is unlikely to affect self-other distinction.

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MORITZ, S., T. S. WOODWARD, and C. C. RUFF. "Source monitoring and memory confidence in schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2002): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006852.

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Background. The present study attempted to extend previous research on source monitoring deficits in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that patients would show a bias to attribute self-generated words to an external source. Furthermore, it was expected that schizophrenic patients would be over-confident regarding false memory attributions.Method. Thirty schizophrenic and 21 healthy participants were instructed to provide a semantic association for 20 words. Subsequently, a list was read containing experimenter- and self-generated words as well as new words. The subject was required to identify each item as old/new, name the source, and state the degree of confidence for the source attribution.Results. Schizophrenic patients displayed a significantly increased number of source attribution errors and were significantly more confident than controls that a false source attribution response was true. The latter bias was ameliorated by higher doses of neuroleptics.Conclusions. It is inferred that a core cognitive deficit underlying schizophrenia is a failure to distinguish false from true mnestic contents.

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Lammers, Joris, and Pascal Burgmer. "Power increases the self-serving bias in the attribution of collective successes and failures." European Journal of Social Psychology 49, no. 5 (December 5, 2018): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2556.

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Matthews, B. Alex, and Fran H. Norris. "When Is Believing "Seeing"? Hostile Attribution Bias as a Function of Self-Reported Aggression1." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01418.x.

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Billett, Matthew T., and Yiming Qian. "Are Overconfident CEOs Born or Made? Evidence of Self-Attribution Bias from Frequent Acquirers." Management Science 54, no. 6 (June 2008): 1037–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0830.

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Cohen, Leo, and Jan van den Bout. "A Conceptual Scheme for Assessing Evenhandedness and (Counter) Self-Serving Attributional Biases in Relation to Depression." Psychological Reports 75, no. 2 (October 1994): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.899.

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Various hypotheses have been proposed concerning the attributional styles of depressive and nondepressive persons. Some hypotheses are compatible with others; some are mutually exclusive. In this paper we present a scheme for organizing these hypotheses. A method is offered for deciding which hypothesis best fits data from samples which are heterogeneous with regard to extent of depression. The concepts reviewed include “self-serving bias,” “counter-self-serving bias,” “evenhandedness,” “depressive lower self-enhancement,” “counter-defensive attribution,” the “Abramson, et al. hypothesis” that depressed persons attribute events with bad outcomes more to internal, stable, and global causes than do nondepressed persons, and the “Seligman, et al. hypothesis” that depressed persons attribute events of good outcome less to these causes than do nondepressed persons.

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Nurmi, Jari‐Erik, Katariina Salmela‐Aro, and Hilkka Ruotsalainen. "Cognitive and attributional strategies among unemployed young adults: A case of the failure‐trap strategy." European Journal of Personality 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410080205.

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This study concerns the extent to which people who display evident problem behaviour show signs of applying inefficient cognitive and attributional strategies in an achievement context. Twenty unemployed young adults, 14 people with health problems, and 23 students of a vocational school were compared in terms of the strategies they applied. The Strategy and Attribution Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Cartoon‐Attribution‐Strategy Test (CAST) developed for this study were used. The results showed that the unemployed young adults reported higher levels of failure expectations and task‐irrelevant behaviour, and lower levels of self‐esteem and self‐serving attributional bias, than the control group. This pattern of results does not fully fit in with the conceptualizations of self‐handicapping and learned helplessness. Therefore, a failure‐trap strategy is discussed as an alternative type of maladaptive strategy. Typical of this strategy is that people with low self‐esteem concentrate on task‐irrelevant behaviour, but do not refer to this behaviour as an external excuse for failure.

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Hoffmann, Arvid O. I., and Thomas Post. "Self-attribution bias in consumer financial decision-making: How investment returns affect individuals’ belief in skill." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 52 (October 2014): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2014.05.005.

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Sharma, Vinky, and Moonis Shakeel. "Illusion Versus Reality: An Empirical Study of Overconfidence and Self Attribution Bias in Business Management Students." Journal of Education for Business 90, no. 4 (March 16, 2015): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2015.1014458.

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Shtudiner, Ze′ev, Galit Klein, and Jeffrey Kantor. "Who is responsible for economic failures? Self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error in political context." Quality & Quantity 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0307-9.

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Green, Thomas D., and Steven Holeman. "ATHLETES' ATTRIBUTIONS FOR TEAM PERFORMANCE: A THEORETICAL TEST ACROSS SPORTS AND GENDERS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.2.199.

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This study investigated reasons that men and women college athletes gave for their teams' performances. Different predictions drawn from ego-serving bias theory (Miller & Ross, 1975), self-esteem theory (Dittes, 1959; Jones, 1973), and cognitive consistency theory (Festinger, 1957; Heider, 1958) were tested. Across three studies, men and women basketball players, and men football players responded to a measure of self-esteem and an attribution measure of internality/externality following team wins and losses. Results across the studies provided strong support for ego-serving bias theory. However, gender differences were observed in that the ego-serving tendency to internalize wins to a greater extent than losses was not significantly present for women basketball players as compared to men basketball and football players. Additionally, results provided partial support for cognitive consistency theory, while failing to support self-esteem theory.

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Gagnon, Jean, and Lucien Rochat. "Relationships Between Hostile Attribution Bias, Negative Urgency, and Reactive Aggression." Journal of Individual Differences 38, no. 4 (November 2017): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000238.

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Abstract. Negative urgency defined as the tendency to act rashly when faced with intense negative emotions and hostile attribution bias (HAB) which refers to the tendency to interpret the intention of others as hostile when social context cues are ambiguous are two key psychological factors underlying reactive aggression. However, the specific associations between these factors in relation to reactive aggression have not been tested yet with competing models. The objective of the study was to test three putative models: (1) negative urgency moderates the association between HAB and reactive aggression; (2) HAB mediates the link between negative urgency and reactive aggression; (3) negative urgency mediates the relation between HAB and reactive aggression. One-hundred seventy-six participants were given self-report questionnaires to assess impulsivity, reactive aggression, as well as vignettes featuring a social situation measuring HAB in response to an ambiguous social provocation. The results showed that negative urgency constitutes a significant mediator in the association between HAB and reactive aggression. These results provide valuable insight into the cognitive processes underlying reactive aggression and may hold implications for diagnosis and intervention on aggressive behaviors.

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MURAMOTO, YUKIKO, and SUSUMU YAMAGUCHI. "Another Type of Self-serving Bias: Coexistence of Self-effacing and Group-serving Tendencies in Attribution in the Japanese Culture." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 37, no. 1 (1997): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.37.65.

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Di Giunta, Laura, Anne-Marie R. Iselin, Nancy Eisenberg, Concetta Pastorelli, Maria Gerbino, Jennifer E. Lansford, Kenneth A. Dodge, et al. "Measurement Invariance and Convergent Validity of Anger and Sadness Self-Regulation Among Youth From Six Cultural Groups." Assessment 24, no. 4 (November 23, 2015): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115615214.

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The present study examined measurement invariance and convergent validity of a novel vignette-based measure of emotion-specific self-regulation that simultaneously assesses attributional bias, emotion-regulation, and self-efficacy beliefs about emotion regulation. Participants included 541 youth–mother dyads from three countries (Italy, the United States, and Colombia) and six ethnic/cultural groups. Participants were 12.62 years old ( SD = 0.69). In response to vignettes involving ambiguous peer interactions, children reported their hostile/depressive attribution bias, self-efficacy beliefs about anger and sadness regulation, and anger/sadness regulation strategies (i.e., dysregulated expression and rumination). Across the six cultural groups, anger and sadness self-regulation subscales had full metric and partial scalar invariance for a one-factor model, with some exceptions. We found support for both a four- and three-factor oblique model (dysregulated expression and rumination loaded on a second-order factor) for both anger and sadness. Anger subscales were related to externalizing problems, while sadness subscales were related to internalizing symptoms.

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Zahn, R., K. E. Lythe, J. A. Gethin, S. Green, J. F. W. Deakin, C. Workman, and J. Moll. "Negative emotions towards others are diminished in remitted major depression." European Psychiatry 30, no. 4 (June 2015): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.02.005.

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AbstractBackground:One influential view is that vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with a proneness to experience negative emotions in general. In contrast, blame attribution theories emphasise the importance of blaming oneself rather than others for negative events. Our previous exploratory study provided support for the attributional hypothesis that patients with remitted MDD show no overall bias towards negative emotions, but a selective bias towards emotions entailing self-blame relative to emotions that entail blaming others. More specifically, we found a decreased proneness for contempt/disgust towards others relative to oneself (i.e. self-contempt bias). Here, we report a definitive test of the competing general negative versus specific attributional bias theories of MDD.Methods:We compared a medication-free remitted MDD (n = 101) and a control group (n = 70) with no family or personal history of MDD on a previously validated experimental test of moral emotions. The task measures proneness to specific emotions associated with different types of self-blame (guilt, shame, self-contempt/disgust, self-indignation/anger) and blame of others (other-indignation/anger, other-contempt/disgust) whilst controlling for the intensity of unpleasantness.Results:We confirmed the hypothesis that patients with MDD exhibit an increased self-contempt bias with a reduction in contempt/disgust towards others. Furthermore, they also showed a decreased proneness for indignation/anger towards others.Conclusions:This corroborates the prediction that vulnerability to MDD is associated with an imbalance of specific self- and other-blaming emotions rather than a general increase in negative emotions. This has important implications for neurocognitive models and calls for novel focussed interventions to rebalance blame in MDD.

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Shields, Nancy. "The Link between Student Identity, Attributions, and Self-Esteem among Adult, Returning Students." Sociological Perspectives 38, no. 2 (June 1995): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389293.

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This study investigates the relationships between causal attributions, student identity, and self-esteem among a sample of adult students who were returning to college to complete a degree after a break of at least three semesters. Leaving college was conceptualized as a “failure” in the sense that the student had failed to complete a degree when previously enrolled, and returning to school was conceptualized as an achievement event or “success” A “hedonistic bias” was found in the way students explained leaving school, that is, they denied responsibility for leaving, explaining their departures with primarily external causes. Although external causes for returning were also more numerous, there was a tendency for internal reasons to increase from the time of leaving to the time the student returned to school. The student identity was related to many aspects of self-esteem, but internal attributions were not related to self-esteem. Internal causal attributions were not related to the student identity, but “activity-oriented” attributions were related to occupational status, suggesting a connection between the occupational identity and attribution processes. The findings are discussed in the context of attribution theory and self-presentation theory.

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Malle, Bertram F. "How People Explain Behavior: A New Theoretical Framework." Personality and Social Psychology Review 3, no. 1 (February 1999): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0301_2.

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This article presents a theoretical framework of how people explain behavior. The framework, based on the folk concept of intentionality, distinguishes two major modes of explanation—reason explanation and cause explanation—as well as two minor modes and identifies conditions under which they occur. Three studies provide empirical support for these distinctions. As part of the framework, a detailed model of people's reason explanations is developed, which emphasizes the unique conceptual and linguistic features of reasons. This model points to limitations of traditional attribution concepts, which are examined theoretically and empirically. Finally, the theoretical framework incorporates attribution concepts, which apply to some but not all modes of explanation. Several paths for future research are outlined—on novel topics such as the roles of rationality and subjectivity in explanations and on classic topics such as the actor-observer asymmetry and the self-serving bias.

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Tennert, Falk. "An attributional analysis of corporate reporting in crisis situations." Journal of Communication Management 18, no. 4 (October 28, 2014): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-09-2012-0074.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use an attributional approach to examine press coverage in Germany dealing with Toyota’s 2010 global product recall due to purportedly defective brakes. The research focuses on the attributions of cause and responsibility and, thereby, the practices of media-brokered selection and interpretation of events. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used is a quantitative content analysis of selected German print media. Corporate reporting is analysed with the help of attribution theory approaches from the field of psychology, which, when applied to public relations themes, thereby enables the identification of latent and manifest risk factors that emerge from the perceived responsibility of the media. Findings – Causal attributions are an essential aspect of coverage in acute crisis situations. The key findings show a dominance of internal attributions of responsibility in which the media interprets the crisis as self inflicted and ascribes a high level of fault on the company. Exonerating attributions according to a self-serving bias find little resonance in the coverage. The responsibility attributed to Toyota by the media coverage to a sustained damage to the company’s reputation. Originality/value – The study demonstrates that attribution theory can be productively applied to questions of communication management. This approach enables an analysis of attribution discourse as well as the potential long-term effects on the company’s reputation. Thus, the original value of this study lies in the psychological foundation of organisational risk and opportunity.

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Mishra, K. C., and Mary J. Metilda. "A study on the impact of investment experience, gender, and level of education on overconfidence and self-attribution bias." IIMB Management Review 27, no. 4 (December 2015): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2015.09.001.

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Mishra, K. C., and Mary J. Metilda. "A study on the impact of investment experience, gender, and level of education on overconfidence and self-attribution bias." IIMB Management Review 27, no. 4 (December 2015): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2015.10.004.

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Allen, Mark S., Davina A. Robson, Luc J. Martin, and Sylvain Laborde. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Self-Serving Attribution Biases in the Competitive Context of Organized Sport." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 7 (December 25, 2019): 1027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219893995.

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This meta-analysis explored the magnitude of self-serving attribution biases for real-world athletic outcomes. A comprehensive literature search identified 69 studies (160 effect sizes; 10,515 athletes) that were eligible for inclusion. Inverse-variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis showed that sport performers have a tendency to attribute personal success to internal factors and personal failure to external factors ( k = 40, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.62), a tendency to attribute team success to factors within the team and team failure to factors outside the team ( k = 23, SMD = 0.63), and a tendency to claim more personal responsibility for team success and less personal responsibility for team failure ( k = 4, SMD = 0.28). There was some publication bias and heterogeneity in computed averages. Random effects meta-regression identified sample sex, performance level, and world-region as important moderators of pooled mean effects. These findings provide a foundation for theoretical development of self-serving tendencies in real-world settings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-attribution bias'

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