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1
Heintz, Sonja, and Willibald Ruch. "Can self-defeating humor make you happy? Cognitive interviews reveal the adaptive side of the self-defeating humor style." HUMOR 31, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0089.
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Abstract The present set of studies employs two cognitive interviewing techniques (thinking aloud and online cognitive probing) of the scale assessing the self-defeating humor style, aiming at delineating the role that self-defeating humor plays in self-esteem and emotions. The self-defeating humor style comprises humor to enhance one’s relationships with others at the expense of oneself, and has often been related to lower well-being. The analyses are based on 392 item responses of a typical sample (Study 1) and 104 item responses of high scorers on the self-defeating scale (Study 2). Content analyses revealed that higher scores on the self-defeating scale went along with humor (Study 1), with higher state self-esteem, with an improvement of one’s interpersonal relationships, and with more facial displays of positive emotions (Study 2). Additionally, the more humor was entailed in the item responses, the higher the state self-esteem and the improvement of relationships was and the more positive emotion words were employed. Thus, the humor entailed in the self-defeating humor style seemed rather beneficial both for oneself and others. These findings call for a reevaluation of past findings with this humor style and provide opportunities for future research and applications of humor interventions to improve well-being.
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Tucker, Raymond P., LaRicka R. Wingate, Meredith L. Slish, Victoria M. O’Keefe, Ashley B. Cole, and David W. Hollingsworth. "Rumination, Suicidal Ideation, and the Mediating Effect of Self-Defeating Humor." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.758.
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Research has demonstrated that a self-defeating humor style is related to indicators of psychopathology and interpersonal dysfunction, including depression, anxiety, loneliness, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness. The current study continued this investigation by examining how self-defeating humor is related to suicidal ideation and a ruminative response style. Analyses indicated that a self-defeating humor style was positively associated to rumination, brooding, reflection, and suicidal ideation. Results of bootstrapping analyses indicated that self-defeating humor mediated the relationship between rumination and suicidal ideation. This same effect was seen for both brooding and reflection individually. Results indicate that self-defeating humor may serve as an interpersonal means of ruminating as this humor style involves consistent focus on perceived flaws and weaknesses. The assessment of this humor style may provide additional information about the maintenance of suicidal thinking.
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James, Lucy Amelia, and Claire Louise Fox. "Children’s understanding of self-focused humor styles." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1067.
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It has been proposed that four main styles of humor exist, two which are thought to be adaptive (affiliative, self-enhancing) and two which are thought to be maladaptive (aggressive, self-defeating). Whilst the existence of these four humor styles has been supported in older children, it is suggested that for younger children, self-enhancing and self-defeating humor may develop at a later point. To investigate this further, the current research involved five semi-structured paired interviews with children aged eight to eleven years to explore the use and understanding of self-enhancing and self-defeating humor in this age group. Findings indicated that use of both self-enhancing and self-defeating humor were apparent in some children, but not all. It therefore seems appropriate that attempts to investigate humor in this age group should aim to include all four styles of humor. The current research also demonstrated the value of paired interviews when carrying out this sort of research with children.
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Schermer, Julie Aitken, and Marisa L. Kfrerer. "Humor style differences across four English-speaking countries." HUMOR 33, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2019-0027.
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AbstractUsing three archival data sets, mean differences in the four humor styles of affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating were assessed for adults (n = 6404) across four English-speaking countries: Canada (n = 339), the USA (n = 165), the United Kingdom (n = 4012), and Australia (n = 1888). As age and sex varied greatly across the samples and had significant relationships with the humor styles (men scored higher on each scale, younger people scored higher on affiliative, aggressive, and self-defeating humor, and older people scored higher on self-enhancing humor), age and sex were regressed out of the humor style scores and the standardized residuals were examined. Significant differences were found for the four humor styles. Specifically, the Americans were the highest in affiliative and self-enhancing humor, and the British were the highest in both aggressive and self-defeating humor. As humor styles are an insight into human social interactions, the results provide a glimpse into the differences found between these countries.
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Fritz, Heidi L., Leslie N. Russek, and Melissa M. Dillon. "Humor Use Moderates the Relation of Stressful Life Events With Psychological Distress." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 6 (May 4, 2017): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217699583.
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Three studies examined humor and adjustment to stressful events. In Study 1, patients with fibromyalgia syndrome ( N = 22) reported on mental and physical adjustment, social interaction, and reappraisal of their illness. Dispositional humor was associated with reduced distress and fewer physical symptoms. Study 2 ( N = 109) examined undergraduates’ reports of stressful events. Dispositional, self-enhancing, affiliative, and self-defeating humor showed direct effects on distress, which were mediated by social interaction and reappraisal. Moreover, dispositional and aggressive humor showed stress-buffering effects. Study 3 ( N = 105) examined undergraduates’ adjustment to the September 11, 2001, attacks at 1 and 3 months postattack. At T1, affiliative humor showed a stress-buffering effect on distress. Social interaction mediated the relation of self-enhancing humor with reduced T1 distress, and mediated relations of aggressive and self-defeating humor with greater distress. Relations of T1 dispositional and self-defeating humor to changes in T2 distress were mediated by reappraisal.
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Ford, Thomas E., Katelyn A. McCreight, and Kyle Richardson. "Affective Style, Humor Styles and Happiness." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.766.
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The present study examined the relationships between dispositional approach and avoidance motives, humor styles, and happiness. In keeping with previous research, approach motives and the two positive humor styles (self-enhancing and affiliative) positively correlated with happiness, whereas avoidance motives and the two negative humor styles (self-defeating and aggressive) negatively correlated with happiness. Also, we found support for three new hypotheses. First, approach motives correlated positively with self-enhancing and affiliative humor styles. Second, avoidance motives correlated positively with self-defeating humor style, and third, the positive relationship between approach motives and happiness was mediated by self-enhancing humor style.
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Fox, Claire Louise, Simon Christopher Hunter, and Siân Emily Jones. "Longitudinal associations between humor styles and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1065.
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This study assessed the concurrent and prospective associations between psychosocial adjustment and four humor styles, two of which are adaptive (affiliative, self-enhancing) and two maladaptive (aggressive, self-defeating). Participants were 1,234 adolescents (52% female) aged 11-13 years, drawn from six secondary schools in England. Self-reports of psychosocial adjustment (loneliness, depressive symptomatology, and self-esteem) and humor styles were collected at two time points (fall and summer). In cross-lagged panel analyses, self-defeating humor was associated with an increase in both depressive symptoms and loneliness, and with a decrease in self-esteem. In addition, depressive symptoms predicted an increase in the use of self-defeating humor over time, indicating that these may represent a problematic spiral of thoughts and behaviors. Self-esteem was associated with an increase in the use of affiliative humor over the school year but not vice-versa. These results inform our understanding of the ways in which humor is associated with psychosocial adjustment in adolescence.
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Aşılıoğlu, Bayram. "A Study on Humor Styles of Teacher Candidates." International Education Studies 14, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n3p138.
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A teacher should have adaptive humor styles as well as knowledge, skills and attitudes about their profession. Humor styles affect many behaviors; from the relationships that teachers establish with their students to their characteristics. For this reason, this research was carried out to determine the humor styles of teacher candidates. 491 Teacher candidates have participated in this study, who were 3rd and 4th grade students in the faculty of education at 2 universities in Turkey. The researcher used the general survey model for the study. Data were collected using the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) developed by Martin et al. (2003). Findings showed that teacher candidates with the affiliative humor style had the highest average, those with the aggressive humor style had the lowest average. The averages of those with self-enhancing and self-defeating humor style were moderate. It was interpreted as positive that the average of those with self-enhancing humor style was high, as negative that the average of those with self-defeating humor style was moderate, and as positive the average of those with self-defeating humor style was low.
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Karahan, T. Fikret, B. Murat Yalcin, Melda M. Erbas, and Seda Ergun. "The relationship between the dominant humor style, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving skills in trainee teachers in Turkey." HUMOR 32, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0083.
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AbstractWe investigated the relation between humor styles used by 1456 volunteer trainee teachers and their emotional intelligence and problem-solving skills. The participants completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HQS), Revised Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test (R-SSEIT) and Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI). The highest-scoring HQS subscale for each participant was taken as the index HQS subscale and the two adaptive HQS subscale (affiliative and self-enhancing) scores and two maladaptive HQS subscale (aggressive and self-defeating) scores were added together in order to calculate each participant’s preferred total adaptive and maladaptive reflective humor style scores. Based on this score, every participant was identified as a maladaptive or adaptive reflective humor user. Women had better PSI and R-SSEIT scores compared to men (p<0.001). The highest index HQS subscales were aggressive humor (234, 36.6%) for men and affiliative humor (334, 40.9%) for women participants. Five hundred fifty women (67.4%) and 264 men (32.4%) were identified as adaptive humor dominant (x2=49.757, p<0.001). Adaptive humor styles (affiliative r=0.293, and self-enhancing r=0.263) were positively correlated with EI, while there was a negative relation between maladaptive humor styles (aggressive r=−0.294, and self-defeating r=−0.273) and EI. Affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor were positively correlated with problem-solving skills whereas aggressive humor and self-defeating humor were negatively correlated with problem-solving skills. The adaptive humor styles (affiliative r=−0.429, and self-enhancing r=−0.365) were negatively correlated with PSI, and positively correlated with maladaptive humor styles (aggressive r=0.426, and self-defeating r=0.323). At linear regression analysis, it was confirmed that humor styles were in correlation with EI and PSI. At binary logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR=1.9), and possessing higher levels of problem-solving skills (OR=1.058) and EI (OR=1.011) were identified as independent factors for using adaptive dominant humor styles.
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Nezlek, John B., and Peter L. Derks. "Relationships between personality and the everyday use of humor." HUMOR 33, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 361–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2019-0011.
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AbstractEach day for two weeks participants described how often they had used four types of humor that day: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating humor. Participants also completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), the Coping with Humor scale (CHS), a measure of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale (RSE). A series of multilevel analyses (days nested within persons) found that Extraversion was positively related to the frequency of use of all four types of humor, whereas the other factors of the FFM were not related to daily humor use when they were included in analyses with Extraversion. Controlling for the factors of the FFM, self-esteem was negatively related to the daily use of aggressive and self-defeating humor, whereas Coping with Humor was positively related to the daily use of aggressive and self-defeating humor. Although relationships between our measures of the daily use of humor and the FFM, CHS, and RSE were similar to relationships between the HSQ and these measures, there were enough differences to suggest that our daily measures of humor provided insights into the use of humor that complemented and extended the insights provided by dispositional measures such as the HSQ.
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Hampes, William P. "Correlations between Humor Styles and Loneliness." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3 (June 2005): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.747-750.
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In a previous study, a significant negative correlation between shyness with affiliative humor and a significant positive one with self-defeating humor were reported. Since shyness and loneliness share many of the same characteristics, poor social skills and negative affect, for example, significant negative correlations of loneliness with affiliative and self-enhancing humor and a significant positive one with self-defeating humor were hypothesized. 106 community college students (34 men, 72 women) ranging in age from 17 to 52 years ( M = 23.5, SD = 7.7) were tested. The hypotheses were supported. Interrelationships among humor, shyness, and loneliness should be examined within one study.
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Saroglou, Vassilis, and Christel Scariot. "Humor Styles Questionnaire: personality and educational correlates in Belgian high school and college students." European Journal of Personality 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.430.
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Studies often treat sense of humour as a unidimensional construct. Recently, however, four different humour styles have been hypothesized and validated by the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). In the present two studies, first, the HSQ received cross‐cultural validation among French‐speaking Belgian students (94 high school and 87 college students). Second, apart from some similarities (Extraversion, low need for closure), the four humour styles were found to be differently related to personality. Social and self‐enhancing humour styles were positively related to Agreeableness, Openness, and self‐esteem, whereas hostile humour was negatively related to Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Self‐defeating humour was negatively related to Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, security in attachment, and self‐esteem. Finally, students' humour styles were neither direct nor indirect predictors of school performance, but self‐defeating and hostile humour styles were typical of students with low school motivation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Yue, Xiao Dong, Ashley Yuen Man Wong, and Neelam Arjan Hiranandani. "Humor Styles and Loneliness: A Study among Hong Kong and Hangzhou Undergraduates." Psychological Reports 115, no. 1 (August 2014): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/20.21.pr0.115c11z1.
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This study examined the relationship between humor styles and loneliness among a sample of Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese. A total of 159 Hong Kong undergraduates and 178 Hangzhou undergraduates were recruited to complete a survey composed of the Humor Styles Questionnaire and the Emotional and Social Loneliness Scales. Multiple regression analyses showed that self-defeating humor explained significant variance in both social and emotional loneliness for Hong Kong students, but only in social loneliness for Hangzhou students. Hong Kong students scored significantly higher on aggressive humor and self-defeating humor, and scored significantly lower on affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor than did their counterparts in Hangzhou. This could be attributed to the greater influence of Confucianism in Mainland China than in Hong Kong.
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Heintz, Sonja. "Do Others Judge My Humor Style as I Do?" European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, no. 5 (September 2019): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000440.
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Abstract. Humor research has intensified in psychology over the last two decades, with the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) being the most prevalent measure. Still, the construct validity of its four scales (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) has not received unequivocal support. The present study uses a multitrait-multimethod approach to test the self-other agreement of the four HSQ scales with 202 targets and two knowledgeable informants per target. Employing a multilevel multiple-indicator correlated trait-correlated (method-1) (ML-CT-C[M-1]) model informed on the construct validity of the HSQ. Discriminant validities were sufficient for all scales. Convergent validity was supported for three of the four HSQ scales, except for the self-defeating scale. Similarly, the overlaps of the self- and other-reported HSQ scales with maladaptive personality as external criteria converged for all HSQ scales except for the self-defeating scale. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the self-defeating scale does not measure the maladaptive humor style it is supposed to measure.
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Altınkurt, Yahya, and Kürşad Yılmaz. "Humor styles of primary school teachers." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/c1s2m1.
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The purpose of this study is to determine humor styles of primary school teachers. With the study, humor styles of teachers and differences in between according to certain variables were determined. The sample of the survey model study consists of 279 primary school teachers in the province of Kutahya in Turkey. The data of the research were gathered with "Humor Style Questionnaire". Data were analyzed by utilizing descriptive statistics, t-tests and variance analyses. Results of the study showed that the primary school teachers had an affiliative humor style. Humor styles of primary school teachers are closer to "affiliative humor style", followed by self-enhancing, aggressive humor and self-defeating humor styles. There are significant differences between the humor styles of school teachers about the aggressive and self-defeating humor styles to the gender and branch. However, there was no significant difference in seniority and age.
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Atkinson, Breanna E., Debra Lipton, Holly M. Baughman, Julie A. Schermer, Juliette Harris, and Philip A. Vernon. "How Do Emotional Restrictions Affect the Use of Humor? A Behavior Genetic Analysis of Alexithymia and Humor Styles." Twin Research and Human Genetics 18, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2014.89.
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This article reports the first behavioral genetic study of relationships between alexithymia and four styles of humor: affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, and aggressive. A total of 509 MZ pairs and 264 DZ pairs of twins completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). Consistent with our predictions, alexithymia correlated negatively with affiliative and self-enhancing humor and positively with self-defeating and aggressive humor. All but one of the 16 phenotypic correlations that we report are significant at the 0.01 level. Also consistent with our predictions, the phenotypic correlations between alexithymia and humor styles were primarily attributable to correlated genetic factors and to a lesser extent to correlated non-shared environmental factors. Correlated shared environmental factors had no significant effect. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Oktug, Zeynep. "The Moderating Role of Employees’ Humor Styles on the Relationship between Job Stress and Emotional Exhaustion." International Business Research 10, no. 4 (March 23, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n4p131.
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In today’s work conditions, job stress and emotional exhaustion are serious threats for the health of employees. Previous research suggests a relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion. The way individuals use humor has been associated with different coping strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating role of employees’ humor styles on the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion. 116 participants completed self-reported measures assessing their job stress, emotional exhaustion and humor styles. For data analyses a series of hierarchical moderated regression analyses were conducted. The findings show that self-enhancing and self-defeating humor styles have moderating effects on the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion. As the level of self-enhancing humor increases, the effect of job stress on emotional exhaustion is attenuated, on the other hand, as the level of self-defeating humor increases, the effect of job stress on emotional exhaustion is intensified. Findings regarding the effects of employees’ humor styles are discussed.
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Yue, Xiao Dong, Katy Wing-Yin Liu, Feng Jiang, and Neelam Arjan Hiranandani. "Humor Styles, Self-Esteem, and Subjective Happiness." Psychological Reports 115, no. 2 (October 2014): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.02.pr0.115c18z6.
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This study examined how humor styles could mediate the effect of self-esteem on subjective happiness. 227 Hong Kong undergraduate students completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Roxsenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Results showed adaptive humor styles (affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor) significantly predicted self-esteem and subjective happiness and mediated the relationship between self-esteem and subjective happiness. Maladaptive humor styles (aggressive humor and self-defeating humor) did not strongly predict self-esteem or subjective happiness. The mediation effects of humor styles found in the present research provided useful suggestions for future studies.
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Kazarian, Shahe S., and Rod A. Martin. "Humour styles, personality, and well‐being among Lebanese university students." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 3 (April 2004): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.505.
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This research examined the structure and correlates of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) in Lebanese university students. Four humour factors were found, as in the original Canadian samples: Affiliative, Self‐Enhancing, Aggressive, and Self‐Defeating humour. Scale reliabilities were generally acceptable, and inter‐correlations among the scales were low. Lebanese participants scored lower than Canadians on Affiliative and Self‐Enhancing humour and lower than Belgians on Affiliative and Aggressive humour. As in Canadian and Belgian samples, males reported significantly more use of Aggressive and Self‐Defeating humour than did females. Humour styles correlated differentially, and generally as predicted, with horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, attachment styles, perceived health, and psychological well‐being. Overall, the findings support the cross‐cultural stability of the HSQ as well as the differential relationship of these humour styles with culture‐related personality traits and psychological well‐being. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Emilisa, Netania, Egabetha Amirah Yudhaputrib, and Naidah Wena Karimah. "The impact of leader’s humor styles on creativity and work engagement of call center employees in Jakarta." Journal of Management Info 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v8i2.2003.
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This study aimed to analyze the impact of a leader's humor style dimensions: affiliate humor style, self-enhancing humor styles, aggressive humor styles, and self-defeating humor style on creativity and work engagement. Data collected from 138 call centers from some of the Cell Phone Companies in Jakarta. The data collection technique used in this study is non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. The techniques used to analyze this research are instrumental tests such as validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing using Multiple Regressions with SPSS 25. The results of hypothesis testing in this investigation indicate that there is a positive effect of affiliate humor style on creativity and work engagement, a positive effect of self-enhancing humor style to creativity and a negative effect to work engagement, an adverse effect of aggressive humor style on creativity and work engagement, and a negative effect self-defeating humor style on creativity and work engagement. Managerial implications can be given so the leaders can use appropriate humor styles to increase employee's spirit in the workplace.
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Kfrerer, Marisa L., Nicholas G. Martin, and Julie Aitken Schermer. "A behavior genetic analysis of the relationship between humor styles and depression." HUMOR 32, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0098.
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Abstract The present study examined the relationship between humor styles and depression using two methods of examination: (1) the mean humor style differences between individuals who reported that they had been diagnosed with depression versus those who did not report being depressed; and (2) the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between humor styles and a short scale assessing depressed affect created from preexisting measures in archival data. Participants were 1154 adult Australians, consisting of 339 monozygotic twin pairs and 238 dizygotic twin pairs. With respect to mean differences, depressed individuals were found to use self-defeating humor more and self-enhancing humor less than non-depressed adults. When the depressed affect scale score was analyzed, negative correlations were found with both affiliative and self-enhancing humor. A positive correlation was found between depressed affect and both aggressive and self-defeating humor. These phenotypic correlations were also found to have some significant genetic and environmental correlations.
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Hampes, William. "A Pilot Study of the Relation between Humor Styles and the Past-Positive and Past-Negative Time Perspectives." Psychological Reports 113, no. 1 (August 2013): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/16.10.pr0.113x17z9.
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Those who use self-enhancing and affiliative humor styles tend to recall positive experiences with their parents and primary caretakers, whereas those who use the self-defeating humor style tend to recall negative experiences with them. Considering the importance of experiences with parents and primary caretakers for life satisfaction and happiness, it was hypothesized that the affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles would be positively correlated with past-positive experiences and negatively correlated with past-negative experiences, and that the self-defeating humor style would be positively correlated with past-negative experiences and negatively correlated with past-positive experiences. The Humor Styles Questionnaire and the Past-Positive and Past-Negative subscales of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory were administered to 114 undergraduates. The hypotheses were partially supported despite the retrospective nature of the Past-Positive and Past-Negative Subscales and the correlational nature of the study, indicating further research is needed.
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Sillars, Angela A., Christina Nicolaides, Alexander Karan, Robert Wright, Megan L. Robbins, and Elizabeth L. Davis. "Gender differences in the associations of reappraisal and humor styles." HUMOR 33, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2019-0016.
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AbstractReappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy that draws on cognitive processes–like changing one’s thoughts to change one’s feelings–that are similar to those implicated in humor. Yet, very little is known about the links between the dispositional tendency to use reappraisal and individuals’ humor styles (e. g. aggressive, affiliative, self-deprecating, self-enhancing). Importantly, there are gender differences both in emotion regulatory processes and in the use of humor styles. We examined gender differences in reported use of humor styles, the associations between reappraisal and humor styles, and whether gender moderated those associations. Participants (N=250) were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and self-reported their dispositional use of reappraisal and four humor styles. Men reported greater use of aggressive humor compared to women. Dispositional use of reappraisal was positively associated with self-enhancing humor. In addition, reappraisal use was positively related to greater use of affiliative humor, and this association was stronger for men than women. For men, greater use of reappraisal was associated with greater use of self-defeating humor, but reappraisal was negatively associated with self-defeating humor for women. Findings extend insight from prior work and suggest that both reappraisal and specific ways of using humor draw on aspects of self-regulatory competence rooted in cognitive change abilities, and the patterns of association differ in interesting ways for men and women.
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Cheng, David Chee-mun, and Lu Wang. ""Is laughing at yourself self-defeating? Self-deprecating humor, humor style and persistence (WITHDRAWN)"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 11522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.11522abstract.
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Ford, Thomas E., Shaun K. Lappi, and Christopher J. Holden. "Personality, humor styles and happiness: Happy people have positive humor styles." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1160.
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The present study examined the relationships between four personality traits, humor styles, and happiness. Replicating previous research, happiness was positively correlated with four personality traits: extraversion, locus of control, self-esteem, and optimism. Further, happiness positively related to self-enhancing and affiliative humor styles; it related negatively to self-defeating and aggressive humor styles. Thus, happy people habitually engage in positive uses of humor and avoid engaging in negative uses of humor in daily life. We also found support for our hypothesis. People high in extraversion, locus of control, self-esteem, and optimism are happier because they engage in positive humor in daily life.
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Kuiper, Nicholas A., Dana Klein, Jaclyn Vertes, and Nadia Brittany Maiolino. "Humor Styles and the Intolerance of Uncertainty Model of Generalized Anxiety." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.752.
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Past research suggests that sense of humor may play a role in anxiety. The present study builds upon this work by exploring how individual differences in various humor styles, such as affiliative, self-enhancing, and self-defeating humor, may fit within a contemporary research model of anxiety. In this model, intolerance of uncertainty is a fundamental personality characteristic that heightens excessive worry, thus increasing anxiety. We further propose that greater intolerance of uncertainty may also suppress the use of adaptive humor (affiliate and self-enhancing), and foster the increased use of maladaptive self-defeating humor. Initial correlational analyses provide empirical support for these proposals. In addition, we found that excessive worry and affiliative humor both served as significant mediators. In particular, heightened intolerance of uncertainty lead to both excessive worry and a reduction in affiliative humor use, which, in turn, increased anxiety. We also explored potential humor mediating effects for each of the individual worry content domains in this model. These analyses confirmed the importance of affiliative humor as a mediator for worry pertaining to a wide range of content domains (e.g., relationships, lack of confidence, the future and work). These findings were then discussed in terms of a combined model that considers how humor styles may impact the social sharing of positive and negative emotions.
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Rnic, Katerina, David J. A. Dozois, and Rod A. Martin. "Cognitive distortions, humor styles, and depression." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1118.
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Cognitive distortions are negative biases in thinking that are theorized to represent vulnerability factors for depression and dysphoria. Despite the emphasis placed on cognitive distortions in the context of cognitive behavioural theory and practice, a paucity of research has examined the mechanisms through which they impact depressive symptomatology. Both adaptive and maladaptive styles of humor represent coping strategies that may mediate the relation between cognitive distortions and depressive symptoms. The current study examined the correlations between the frequency and impact of cognitive distortions across both social and achievement-related contexts and types of humor. Cognitive distortions were associated with reduced use of adaptive Affiliative and Self-Enhancing humor styles and increased use of maladaptive Aggressive and Self-Defeating humor. Reduced use of Self-Enhancing humor mediated the relationship between most types of cognitive distortions and depressed mood, indicating that distorted negative thinking may interfere with an individual’s ability to adopt a humorous and cheerful outlook on life (i.e., use Self-Enhancing humor) as a way of regulating emotions and coping with stress, thereby resulting in elevated depressive symptoms. Similarly, Self-Defeating humor mediated the association of the social impact of cognitive distortions with depression, such that this humor style may be used as a coping strategy for dealing with distorted thinking that ultimately backfires and results in increased dysphoria.
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Romero, Eric J., and Lucy A. Arendt. "Variable Effects of Humor Styles on Organizational Outcomes." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (April 2011): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.17.20.21.pr0.108.2.649-659.
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The relationship between individual humor styles and several organizational variables was investigated: stress, satisfaction with coworkers, team cooperation, and organizational commitment. Four humor styles from the Humor Styles Questionnaire were measured. Survey results of 349 participants indicated different humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) can have either a positive or negative effect on organizational outcomes. Results suggested that both researchers and practitioners can benefit from having a better understanding of how different humor styles affect people and outcomes in organizations.
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Tsai, Meng-Ning, Ching-Lin Wu, Yu-Lin Chang, and Hsueh-Chih Chen. "Humor Styles in Marriage: How Similar Are Husband and Wife?" Psychological Reports 122, no. 6 (October 25, 2018): 2331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118805008.
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Past research found that similar appreciation for humor exists between spouses, but it is not certain whether this similarity between spouses also exists in kindhearted or malicious humor. The present study investigated the similarity of Taiwanese married couples’ humor styles. Participants included 239 couples (mean age = 42.9 years) who had been married to each other for at least 10 years. We used a traditional Chinese edition of the Humor Styles Questionnaire to measure the humor style and clustered participants’ humor styles in order to examine the similarity between spouses. The results show that husbands have higher tendencies toward aggressive (Cohen’s d = 0.29, p < .01) and self-defeating (Cohen’s d = 0.35, p < .01) humor styles than wives. Results from multilevel modeling indicate that spouses’ aggressive ( p < .001, confidence interval = .17, .41) and self-defeating ( p < .01, confidence interval = .05, .30) humor styles acting as a valid predictor to the other spouses’ negative humor styles. Furthermore, the results show that personal humor styles could be categorized into four clusters: positive humor endorsers, negative humor endorsers, general humor endorsers, and humor deniers. According to the clusters within spouse pairs, results show that similarities in humor styles exist between spouses (χ2 = 16.73, p = .01). The current study finds that most couples have similar humor styles and that a high proportion of married couples share the same humor clusters.
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Muskerina, Andi, Kurniati Zainuddin, and Ahmad Ridfah. "Gaya Humor terhadap Optimisme Mahasiswa yang Sedang Menyelesaikan Skripsi." PHILANTHROPY: Journal of Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 6, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v2i1.1140.
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<p>The collage students who accomplish the undergraduate thesis will face many demands and obstacles and lead them to some difficulties if they perform low optimism. The aim of this study was measuring the relationship between humor style and optimism among the Engineering students at State University of Makassar who accomplish the undergraduate thesis. The participants of this study were 231 collage students from Engineering Faculty at State University of Makassar. Sampling technique used in this study was accidental sampling with quantitative method. The result of this study showed that affiliative humor style positively related to optimism (<em>r</em>=0,314,<em>p</em>=0,000), self enhancing humor positively related to optimism (<em>r</em>=0,155,<em>p</em>=0,018), aggressive humor negatively correlated with optimism (<em>r</em>=-0,324,<em>p</em>=0,000<em>)</em>, and self-defeating humor negatively correlated with optimism (<em>r</em>=-0,163,<em>p</em>=0,013). This study proved that affiliative humor and self-enhancing humor can increase the optimism. In contrast, aggressive and self-defeating humor can diminish the optimism among the students.</p>
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Maiolino, Nadia Brittany, and Nicholas A. Kuiper. "Integrating Humor and Positive Psychology Approaches to Psychological Well-Being." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.753.
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In this study we investigated how individual differences and personality constructs taken from the positive psychology and humor domains of psychology may play an important role in psychological well-being. Participants completed measures assessing trait gratitude, savoring, and humor styles; along with several positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect, depression, and anxiety). We first examined the degree of empirical and conceptual overlap among the personality constructs from these two domains. Here, we found that higher levels of gratitude and savoring were associated with higher levels of self-enhancing and affiliative humor, whereas higher levels of aggressive and self-defeating humor were primarily associated with lower levels of gratitude. Subsequent regression analyses indicated that the positive psychology construct of gratitude was predictive of several different indices of positive and negative well-being, whereas savoring was most predictive of greater positive affect. In addition, these regression analyses also revealed that the humor styles of self-enhancing and self-defeating humor provided a significant increase in the prediction of several positive and negative indices of well-being, above and beyond the effects attributable to the positive psychology constructs alone. These findings were then discussed in terms of developing a broader and more integrated theoretical approach to the understanding of psychological well-being.
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Vernon, Philip A., Vanessa C. Villani, Julie Aitken Schermer, Sandra Kirilovic, Rod A. Martin, K. V. Petrides, Tim D. Spector, and Lynn F. Cherkas. "Genetic and Environmental Correlations Between Trait Emotional Intelligence and Humor Styles." Journal of Individual Differences 30, no. 3 (January 2009): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.30.3.130.
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This article reports the first studies to investigate the genetic and environmental components of correlations between humor styles and trait emotional intelligence. In two independent adult-twin samples, significant phenotypic correlations were found between four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating) and five trait emotional intelligence (EI) variables (well-being, self-control, emotionality, sociability, and global trait EI). These observed phenotypic correlations were themselves found to be largely attributable to correlated genetic and correlated nonshared environmental factors.
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Baughman, H. M., E. A. Giammarco, Livia Veselka, Julie A. Schermer, Nicholas G. Martin, Michael Lynskey, and Phillip A. Vernon. "A Behavioral Genetic Study of Humor Styles in an Australian Sample." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 5 (June 13, 2012): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.23.
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The present study investigated the extent to which individual differences in humor styles are attributable to genetic and/or environmental factors in an Australian sample. Participants were 934 same-sex pairs of adult twins from the Australian Twin Registry (546 monozygotic pairs, 388 dizygotic pairs) who completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ). The HSQ measures four distinct styles of humor — affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Results revealed that additive genetic and non-shared environmental factors accounted for the variance in all four humor styles, thus replicating results previously obtained in a sample of twins from the United Kingdom. However, a study conducted with a U.S. sample produced different results and we interpret these findings in terms of cross-cultural differences in humor.
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Zeigler-Hill, Virgil, Gillian A. McCabe, and Jennifer K. Vrabel. "The dark side of humor: DSM-5 pathological personality traits and humor styles." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1109.
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Basic personality traits (e.g., extraversion) have been found to be associated with the humor styles that individuals employ. In the present study, we were interested in determining whether pathological personality traits were also associated with humor styles. We examined the associations between the pathological personality traits captured by the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) and humor styles in a sample of college students (N = 594). Negative affectivity and detachment were negatively associated with the affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles. Antagonism was positively associated with the aggressive humor style but negatively associated with the affiliative humor style. Disinhibition was positively associated with the aggressive humor style, whereas disinhibition and psychoticism were both positively associated with the self-defeating humor style. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings and how they can expand our understanding of the connections between the darker aspects of personality and humor.
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Srikandini, Ayuningtias, Burhan Eko Putwanto, and Agus Riyanto. "ASPEK HUMOR DALAM AKUN INSTAGRAM @NUGARISLUCU DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA." Widya Accarya 11, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/wa.11.2.895.158-164.
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Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi internet yang terus mengalir dan tidak terbendung sebagai inovasi dalam dakwah atau menyebarkan informasi yang mengandung nilai-nilai agama dapat dikatakan efektif. Penyampaian dalam proses dakwah itu terdapat berbagai macam teknik yang dapat dilakukan oleh penceramah agar pesan yang dibawakan dapat tersampaikan dengan baik oleh penceramah, salah satunya adalah humor pada postingan instagram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja aspek humor pada postingan akun instagram @nugarislucu dan implikasinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sumber data penelitian yaitu akun instagram @nugarislurus. Wujud data yaitu penggalan wacana dan kalimat Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik simak dan teknik catat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 36 data yang mengandung aspek humor dalam postingan akun Instagram @nugarislucu bulan Maret dan Mei, antara lain affiliative humor sebanyak 6 postingan (16,67%), self-enhancing humor sebanyak 7 postingan (19,44%), aggresive humor sebanyak 17 postingan (47, 22%) dan self-defeating humor sebanyak 6 postingan (16,67%).
Kata kunci: humor, instagram dan pembalajaran bahasa.
Abstract
The development of internet technology that continues to flow and is unstoppable as innovation in propaganda or disseminating information that contains religious values can be said to be effective. Submission of the preaching process and even then there are various kinds of techniques that can be carried out by the lecturer so that the message delivered can be conveyed well by the audience, one of which is humor on Instagram posts. This study aims to determine what aspects of humor on the Instagram account post @ nugarislucu and its implications in learning Indonesian in high school. This study uses a qualitative approach, the source of research data is the Instagram account @ugarislurus. The data form is a fragment of discourse and sentences Data collection techniques are listening techniques and note taking techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results obtained 36 data containing aspects of humor in Instagram @ nugarislucu Instagram posts in March and May, including 6 affiliative humor posts (16.67%), self-enhancing humor as many as 7 posts (19.44%), aggressive humor as many as 17 posts (47, 22%) and self-defeating humor as many as 6 posts (16.67%).
Keywords: humor, instagram and language learning.
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Hampes, William. "The relationship between humor styles and forgiveness." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2016): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v12i3.1012.
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Research has shown that a factor in a victim’s forgiveness of an offender is the victim’s ability to make more positive, or at least less negative, attributions of the offender’s behavior and that perspective-taking can be a factor in facilitating that process. Self-enhancing humor has been found to be positively correlated with perspective-taking empathy and aggressive humor found to be negatively correlated with perspective-taking empathy. Therefore it was predicted that self-enhancing humor would be positively correlated with forgiveness and aggressive humor negatively correlated with forgiveness. The Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Absence of Negative and Presence of Positive subscales of the Forgiveness Scale, and the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale were administered to 112 college undergraduates. Self-enhancing humor was significantly and positively correlated with all of the forgiveness measures, aggressive humor and self-defeating humor were significantly and negatively correlated with some of the forgiveness measures and affiliative humor was not significantly correlated with any of the forgiveness measures. The results were interpreted in terms of previous findings for humor styles, perspective-taking empathy, depression, self-esteem and anxiety. Future research involving the extent to which other personality variables, such as perspective-taking empathy, mediate the relationship between self-enhancing humor and forgiveness was suggested.
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Olah, Andrew R., and Thomas E. Ford. "Humor styles predict emotional and behavioral responses to COVID-19." HUMOR 34, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2021-0009.
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Abstract A correlational study (n = 180 adults) in the United States tested the hypothesis that self-directed humor styles predict emotional responses to COVID-19, specifically stress and hopelessness, and in turn predict engagement in protective behaviors. Results from a sequential mediation analysis supported our hypotheses. First, to the extent that people have a self-enhancing humor style they perceived less stress and hopelessness associated with COVID-19 and as a result reported engaging in more protective behaviors. Second, people higher in self-defeating humor style showed the opposite pattern; they perceived more stress and hopelessness due to COVID-19 and thus reported engaging in less protective behaviors. Implications for theory and application are discussed.
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Neves, Pedro, and Gökhan Karagonlar. "Does leader humor style matter and to whom?" Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-12-2018-0552.
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PurposeThe interest on leader humor styles is recent. By applying a trustworthiness framework, the authors examine (1) how leader humor styles contribute to performance and deviance via trust in the supervisor and (2) who benefits/suffers the most from different leader humor styles.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested their hypotheses in a sample of 428 employee–supervisor dyads from 19 organizations operating in the services sector.FindingsAffiliative and self-enhancing leader humor styles are particularly beneficial for employees with low core-self-evaluations, helping them develop trust in the supervisor and consequently improving their performance. An aggressive leader humor style, via decreased trust in the supervisor, reduces performance, regardless of employees' core self-evaluations. Self-enhancing and self-defeating leader humor styles also present significant relationships with organizational deviance.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the cross-sectional design and the limited number of mechanisms examined.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to train leaders in the use of humor and develop a culture where beneficial humor styles are endorsed, while detrimental humor styles are not tolerated.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the literatures on trust and humor, by showing that the use of humor is not as trivial as one could initially think, particularly for those with low core self-evaluations, and by expanding our knowledge of the mechanisms by which different leader humor styles may influence performance and deviance.
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Sosik, John J. "Taking Levels of Analysis in Humor more Seriously: Comment on Romero and Arendt." Psychological Reports 110, no. 2 (April 2012): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.pr0.110.2.527-534.
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Humor is a phenomenon that can simultaneously coexist at the individual, dyadic, and group levels, making its measurement and conceptualization complex. In a recent field study, Romero and Arendt (2011) examined relationships between four humor styles (i.e., affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, self-defeating) and four outcomes (i.e., stress, satisfaction with co-workers, team cooperation, organizational commitment), however, the latter was apparently measured as a self-report at the individual level of analysis. Their interesting results indicated different humor styles can have either positive or negative effects on these outcome variables. However, if their operational definition—and hence their conceptualization—of humor is based on self-report by the initiator, it may be problematic to use it at the dyadic and group levels because it potentially mixes levels of analysis and may cause misalignment between data and theory. Cautions and implications for future research are discussed.
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Plenty, Stephanie, Susanne Bejerot, and Kimmo Eriksson. "Humor Style and Motor Skills: Understanding Vulnerability to Bullying." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.749.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of humor style and motor skills in vulnerability to bullying. 729 adults responded to the Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ) and items retrospectively addressing their motor skills and bullying experiences during childhood. Consistent with recent research, poorer motor skills were associated with a greater extent of having been bullied. An association between stronger motor skills and affiliative humor was found, lending support to a shared biological basis theory underlying social and motor competency processes. Most importantly, being bullied was associated with higher self-defeating humor and lower affiliative humor. This supports earlier theoretical work by Klein and Kuiper (2006) and highlights the role that humor styles play in social interactions that can promote positive peer acceptance and wellbeing.
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Zsila, Ágnes, Róbert Urbán, Gábor Orosz, and Zsolt Demetrovics. "The association of animated sitcom viewing with humor styles and humor types." HUMOR 34, no. 3 (February 9, 2021): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2020-0055.
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Abstract Recently, animated sitcoms such as Family Guy and American Dad have generated considerable interest internationally. This genre is known for its portrayal of controversial political and social issues combined with strategies of malicious humor, exaggeration, and stereotyping. This study addresses the question of whether humor styles and humor types predict viewer interest in animated sitcoms. A total of 1,052 Hungarian adults (41.6% male, M age = 24.7 years, SD = 7.2) participated in an online survey focusing on animated sitcom viewing habits and the use of humor. It was found that males and younger individuals were more likely to watch animated sitcoms regularly than females and older individuals. As a result of multiple regressions, it was also found that individuals with high levels of self-enhancing and aggressive humor, and low levels of self-defeating humor were more likely to view animated sitcoms. Regarding humor types, individuals with low levels of all humor styles were less likely to watch animated sitcoms regularly. These findings can possibly contribute to a more nuanced understanding of media selection preferences in the level of individual differences.
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Çeçen, A. Rezan. "HUMOR STYLES IN PREDICTING LONELINESS AMONG TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 35, no. 6 (January 1, 2007): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.6.835.
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The purpose of this investigation was two-fold. Firstly, to examine whether there were significant correlations between loneliness and four humor styles, and secondly to examine which humor style was the best predictor of loneliness among university students. In this study 483 undergraduate students participated at Çukurova University, Turkey. Data were collected through the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona, 1980) and the Humor Styles Questionnaire (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, & Weir, 2003). Four Pearson product-moment correlations were computed for the scores on the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and on each of four humor scales. The results provided evidence in support of a conceptual framework of humor styles and loneliness indicating strong negative correlations between loneliness and affiliative and self-enhancing humor, and moderate positive correlations between loneliness and self-defeating humor, but no significant correlations between loneliness and aggressive humor. The stepwise regression analysis results indicated that four variables contributed meaningfully to loneliness, and the affiliative humor style was the best predictor of loneliness.
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Dutkevich, Tetiana. "Students’ humor styles and its use in stress coping." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5080.
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The article shows the results of studying of role of students’ humor styles during coping the stress . It was shown the positive and negative humor styles regarding the interpersonal relationship. It was revealed some differences in use of humor styles during coping the stress among students of Ukrainian and Russian samples; among girls and younkers. The statistically significant correlations between students’ use of humor style and indexes of stress coping were calculated, which show that coping the stress students use negative for the relationship humor styles (aggressive humor and self-defeating humor). At the same time, the potential possibilities of affiliative humor to improve the relationship are used not enough during coping the stress both by the younkers and girls. While potential possibilities of affiliative humor to improve the relationship are used not enough during coping the stress both by the younkers and girls.
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Idrees, Ayesha, and Saira Batool. "Styles of Humor and Interpersonal Relationships in University Students." FWU Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51709/fw12725.
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The study aimed to investigate relationship between humor styles and interpersonal relationships in university students. It was hypothesized that: there would be a relationship between humor styles and interpersonal relationships in university students; humor styles are likely to predict interpersonal relationships in university students; there would be gender differences in humor styles and interpersonal relationships. The sample consisted of 196 students from two Universities of Lahore. Humor Style Questionnaire (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray & Weir, 2003) and Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire (Callaghan, 2006) were used for assessment. Data were analyzed by using Pearson product moment correlation, hierarchical regression analysis and independent sample t-test. Results revealed significant relationship between humor styles and interpersonal relationships. Affiliative humor style predicted interpersonal relationships negatively whereas self-defeating humor style predicted interpersonal relationships positively. Men used more aggressive humor styles compared to women but they did not differ on other humor styles. Findings highlight significance of humor in the quality of interpersonal relationships.
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Amani, Malahat, and Mohamad Javad Shabahang. "The relationship of sensation seeking and social desirability with humor styles among Iranian salespersons." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 12, no. 1 (July 6, 2018): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v12i1.271.
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Given the different effects of adaptive and maladaptive humor on social interactions especially on workplaces, contradictory findings of sensation seeking for forming new relationships, and salespersons' tendency for being demanded and suitable for more sales, it is important to investigate how sensation seeking and social desirability along with background characteristics predict humor styles. The study sample included 150 Iranian salespersons selected through cluster sampling. The study had a correlation research design which drew on the three instruments of Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) and Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ). The regression analysis findings showed that income level and gender were significant predictors of the humor style of affiliative. Additionally, only sensation seeking was found to be a significant predictor of self-enhancing. The humor style of aggressive was predicted by education level, gender, and social desirability. The humor style of self-defeating was also predicted by job experience, education level, gender and social desirability. It seems that personality traits such as sensation seeking along with social status can predict humor styles.
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Halfpenny, Caitlin Charlotte, and Lucy Amelia James. "Humor styles and empathy in junior-school children." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1934.
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Humor is a complex phenomenon. For one individual a joke may be perceived as comical, yet for another, the same joke may be deemed completely inappropriate. The appropriate use of humor is perhaps dependent on how a humorist relates to, understands and can empathize with their audience. Thus, the present research aimed to determine whether empathy is related to junior-school children’s use of different humor styles. It has been proposed that four styles of humor exist, two of which are thought to be adaptive (affiliative and self-enhancing) and two of which are thought to be maladaptive (aggressive and self-defeating). However, research exploring the role of humor styles in younger children’s development has been limited. To investigate this the Humor Styles Questionnaire for young children (HSQ-Y) and the Thinking and Feeling Questionnaire were administered to 214 UK children aged 9-11 years old. Correlational analyses revealed that self-enhancing humor is associated with cognitive empathy, affective empathy and sympathy, affiliative humor is positively associated with cognitive empathy specifically and aggressive humor is negatively associated with affective empathy and sympathy. Possible explanations for these associations are explored, with a consideration of the direction for future research in this predominantly unexplored field of study.
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Sirigatti, Saulo, Ilaria Penzo, Enrichetta Giannetti, and Cristina Stefanile. "The Humor Styles Questionnaire in Italy: Psychometric Properties and Relationships With Psychological Well-Being." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 10, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 429–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i3.682.
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This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the relation between humor and psychological well-being within the context of Italy. A total of 293 (178 females, 115 males) Italian high school and undergraduate university students – whose ages ranged from 14 to 25 years – completed the Italian versions of the HSQ and the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being scales (RPWB). The HSQ scale reliabilities were generally acceptable, and intercorrelations among the scales were rather low; the confirmatory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure. Males reported significantly more use of Aggressive humor than did females; no differences were found between adolescents and young adults in the use of humor styles. Affiliative and Self-enhancing humor styles were positively associated with the six dimensions of the RPWB, whereas Self-defeating humor was negatively correlated with the RPWB scales. SEM analysis showed a significant and positive relationship between humor as measured by the HSQ and psychological well-being as assessed by the RPWB. Overall, the findings supported the theoretical structure and usefulness of the HSQ in an Italian context and the differential role of humor components in the various dimensions of psychological well-being.
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James, Lucy Amelia, and Claire Louise Fox. "Children’s perceptions of others’ humor: does context matter?" HUMOR 34, no. 3 (May 5, 2021): 463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2020-0088.
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Abstract Research suggests that those using adaptive forms of humor are perceived more positively compared to those using maladaptive forms of humor. Research of this nature, however, is yet to consider children. The present research involved presenting 357 children aged 9–11 years, with one of eight vignettes portraying either a male or female child using one of the four humor styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Participants then completed a questionnaire to assess their perceptions of the child in the vignette. In a second study, context was also investigated, with 386 children from the same age group, by describing the humor as having taken place in either the playground or classroom. Findings of study one showed that children using maladaptive forms of humor were viewed less positively than those using adaptive forms of humor. Findings from study two supported those from study one, and further showed that the context in which humor takes place may not be important. Overall, the findings of the current study are supportive of previous findings with adults and highlight the potential importance of humor use in children’s perceptions of their peers.
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Brudek, Paweł Jan, Martyna Płudowska, Stanisława Steuden, and Andrzej Sękowski. "Gerotranscendence and humor styles: the mediating role of generativity and wisdom." HUMOR 34, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2020-0117.
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Abstract The goal of the present study was to investigate whether generativity and wisdom played a mediating role in the relationships between gerotranscendence and humor styles among people in late adulthood. The study included 399 participants aged 60–85 years. The following measures were used: Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), and the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). The analyses revealed that generativity and wisdom, taken together, were mediators in the relationship between gerotranscendence and the four styles of humor in late adulthood. The results of the survey show that gerotranscendence is a factor that protects individuals against the use of aggressive humor, at the same time predisposing them to using humor that expresses self-acceptance and strengthens interpersonal relations. An interesting result was obtained for self-defeating humor. It was shown that gerotranscendence, by increasing generativity and wisdom, increases the tendency to poke fun at oneself and to talk about one’s own weaknesses or mistakes. This tendency, as suggested by the specific character of the relationships observed, does not have to be non-adaptive. Our results demonstrate that the processes related to the shaping of humor among people in late adulthood have a unique nature.
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Veselka, Livia, Julie Aitken Schermer, Rod A. Martin, and Philip A. Vernon. "Laughter and Resiliency: A Behavioral Genetic Study of Humor Styles and Mental Toughness." Twin Research and Human Genetics 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.13.5.442.
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This study investigated phenotypic correlations between mental toughness and humor styles, as well as the common genetic and environmental effects underlying these correlations. Participants were 201 adult twin pairs from North America. They completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire, assessing individual differences in two positive (affiliative, self-enhancing) and two negative (aggressive, self-defeating) humor styles. They also completed the MT48, measuring individual differences in global mental toughness and its eight factors (Commitment, Control, Emotional Control, Control over Life, Confidence, Confidence in Abilities, Interpersonal Confidence, Challenge). Positive correlations were found between the positive humor styles and all of the mental toughness factors, with all but one reaching significance. Conversely, negative correlations were found between all mental toughness factors and the negative humor styles, with the mental toughness factors of Control, Emotional Control, Confidence, Confidence in Abilities, and Interpersonal Confidence exhibiting significant correlations. Subsequent behavioral genetic analyses revealed that these phenotypic correlations were primarily attributable to common genetic and common non-shared environmental factors. The implications of these findings regarding the potential effects of humor styles on wellbeing, and the possible selective use of humor by mentally tough individuals are discussed.