Relevant bibliographies by topics / Self-defence (law)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Self-defence (law)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 February 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Self-defence (law)"

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Shah, Niaz A. "Self-defence in Islamic Law." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 12, no. 1 (2005): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000131.

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Infield, Paul. "Self‐defence and the law." Safer Communities 2, no. 4 (October 2003): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17578043200300052.

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Leverick, F. "Defending Self-Defence." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 27, no. 3 (February 14, 2007): 563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqm012.

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Chainoglou, Kalliopi. "Reconceptualising Self-Defence in International Law." King's Law Journal 18, no. 1 (January 2007): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2007.11427664.

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Ronzitti, N. "The Expanding Law of Self-Defence." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 11, no. 3 (November 24, 2006): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krl021.

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Bernsmann, Klaus. "Private Self-Defence and Necessity in German Penal Law and in the Penal Law Proposal — Some Remarks." Israel Law Review 30, no. 1-2 (1996): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001503x.

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Self-defence and necessity are central institutions of the General Part of German Penal Law. Numerous problems of considerable practical and theoretical relevance are connected with them. How to deal with “self-defence” and “necessity” is also an indicator of liberality or, on the other hand, of the minimum solidarity and public spirit which a State can concede to its citizens or demand of them. In German criminal theory, “self-defence” and “necessity” are closely connected with the release of the distinction between justification and excuse and all conclusions derived thereof.Instead of elaborating on fundamental or purely theoretical problems concerning self-defence and necessity, an illustration of the contents of the German provisions of self-defence and necessity from a more technical, but nevertheless practical, point of view will be discussed. In the course of the discussion, some differences between the Israeli Draft law and the German law will be pointed out, and some problems which are unsolved in German law and may possibly confront Israeli law in the future will be brought to your attention.
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Stefańska, Blanka Julita. "Intervention-related self-defence." Ius Novum 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/in-2023-0010.

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Abstract The scholarly and research-focused article examines the content of Article 25 §§ 4 and 5 CC, which was transferred to the new Article 231b §§ 1 and 2 CC of Chapter XXIX of the Criminal Code by means of Act of 20 February 2015 amending the Criminal Code Act and Certain Other Acts. The regulation concerns the intervention-related self-defence, wherein a person acting in self-defence and repelling an attack on another’s good protected by law, while simultaneously protecting public security or order, is granted the same legal protection as public officials. The article analyses the genesis and development of this defence, its legal nature, objectives, conditions for application, the scope of criminal law protection for a person acting within the intervention-related self-defence, the exclusion of this protection, and the relationship between Article 231b § 1 and Article 217a CC. The primary scientific objective is to evaluate the legitimacy of its introduction to the Criminal Code and the correctness of defining the premises for its application and its scope. The aim of the considerations is to demonstrate that this measure, despite the negative assessment of its introduction to the Criminal Code in the doctrine, can play a vital role in ensuring security and public order.
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Cooper, Daisy. "War, Aggression and Self‐Defence." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 32, no. 4 (December 2006): 741–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050710601179127.

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TSAGOURIAS, NICHOLAS. "Self-Defence against Non-state Actors: The Interaction between Self-Defence as a Primary Rule and Self-Defence as a Secondary Rule." Leiden Journal of International Law 29, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 801–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000327.

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AbstractThis article examines the law of self-defence as applied to non-state attacks in light of the coalition air strikes against ISIL in Syria. It critiques the two current interpretations of the law of self-defence – one based on attribution and the other on the ‘unable or unwilling’ test – for failing to address adequately the security threat posed by non-state actors or for not addressing convincingly the legal issues arising from the fact that the self-defence action unfolds on the territory of another state. For this reason, it proposes an alternative framework which combines the primary rule of self-defence to justify the use of defensive force against non-state actors, with the secondary rule of self-defence to excuse the incidental breach of the territorial state's sovereignty.
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Ye, Shunyao. "Research on the Right of Self-Defence from the Perspective of International Law." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/2022994.

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The right of self-defence is an indispensable concept in international law, especially in the UN charter. States can protect their legitimate rights and interests from other states infringement by exercising different types of the right of self-defence. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, economy, and politics, the right of self-defense faces new challenges. The collective self-defence, the anti-terrorism self-defence and the preventive self-defence are not perfect, and the specific content of the armed attack is not clear. Although there is no clear solution system in international law at present, it can be thought of and tried from the aspects of perfecting restrictive provisions, reasonably interpreting relevant terms, and strengthening the compelling force of international law.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self-defence (law)"

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Kalliopi, Chainoglou. "Reconceptualising the law of self-defence." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566223.

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Green, James A. "The International Court of Justice and self-defence in international law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491126.

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The legal rules governing the use of force between States is one of the most fundamental, and the most controversial, aspects of international law. An essential part of this area is the question of when, and to what extent, a State may lawfully use force against another in self-defence. This is particularly pertinent in the current climate within international relations when one considers that self-defence may be a possible means by which a State may respond to terrorist activity. However, the parameters of this inherent right remain obscure, despite the best efforts of scholars and, notably, the International Court of Justice. This thesis examines the relationship between the Court and the right of self-defence. Following the attacks of 11 September 2001, there have been three major decisions of the ICJ that have dealt directly with the law governing self-defence actions. This is in contrast to only two such cases in the preceding fifty years. Thus, the jurisprudence of the Court on this issue has for the first time been comprehensively drawn together, and then the merits of that jurisprudence have been assessed. It is argued that the contribution of the ICJ has been confused and unhelpful, and, moreover, is at odds with customary international law. The ICJ's fundamental conception of a primary criterion of 'armed attack' as constituting a qualitatively severe use of force must be brought into question.
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Mack, Ian. "Towards Intelligent Self-Defence: Bringing Peacetime Espionage in From the Cold and Under the Rubric of the Right of Self-Defence." Thesis, Sydney Law School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11510.

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Hözel, Jana. "The Paris Attach - a case for the right to self-defence?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24994.

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Terrorist attacks pose a huge threat these days. The attack in Paris on 13 November 2015 has shown that. The terrorist organisation Islamic State (hereinafter: IS) claimed responsibility for the attack. France (and the USA) reacted by launching massive air strikes against the IS stronghold in Raqqa/Syria. Furthermore, France declared that it was exercising its right to self-defence, Art. 51 of the United Nations Charter (hereinafter: UNC). According to the traditional view in international law, the right to self-defence requires an armed attack by a state or alternatively, if the attack was launched by a non-state actor, that the attack is attributable to a state. The thesis illustrates that the IS is not a state under international law as it does not fulfil all four criteria of statehood. Since the 9/11-attacks in 2001, it is highly debated, whether this traditional view is still appropriate. Some commentators are of the opinion that an armed attack under Art. 51 of the UNC can also originate from a non-state actor. The thesis highlights that this view is not correct. In order to qualify the attack of a non-state actor as an armed attack under Art. 51 of the UNC it must still be attributable to a state. The thesis shows that the attack in Paris is not attributable to the Syria. Neither under the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, nor under the Safe Haven-Doctrine or the Unwilling or Unable-Doctrine, whereby the focus of the thesis lies on the last mentioned doctrine. The content of the doctrine is analysed as well as the question whether or not the doctrine is already a norm of customary international law, which is not the case. The thesis then discusses a new interpretation of the rules of attribution in form of the clarified Unwilling or Unable-Doctrine. The underlying idea of this doctrine is that all states have certain counter-terrorism obligations from which due diligence obligations vis-à-vis other states arise. Based on this idea a definition of the terms 'unable' and 'unwilling' is elaborated. Although the elaborated definitions give the clarified Unwilling or Unable-Doctrine a clearer content, there is still a tension between the attacked state's right to self-defence and the host state's territorial sovereignty. In order to mitigate this tension four preconditions, based on the existing law, are developed. To render the defensive use of force by the attacked state lawful, these preconditions have to be fulfilled. The thesis concludes that the Paris attack is not attributable to Syria. Thus, there was no armed attack by Syria on France. The thesis further concludes that the current rules of attribution do not meet today's challenges, namely the threat that terrorist attacks pose and that there is an urgent need for a clarification of the rules of attribution.
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Mossberg, Sofia. "Self-Defence Against Non-State Cyber Attacks : The Attribution Problem in Cyberspace." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411823.

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Laing, Jessica. "The use of nuclear weapons under the doctrine of self-defence." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31606.

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The lawful use of nuclear weapons in self-defence sits in a precarious and fraught position amongst lawyers, states and scholars, primarily due to their indiscriminate destructive nature. The use of nuclear weapons is the biggest threat to peace and security yet they exist under obscurity in International Law. The purpose of this paper is to examine at what point, and under what circumstances, a State is lawfully permitted to use nuclear weapons in self-defence. The right to self-defence is a basic normative right codified in the United Nations Charter (UN Charter). The inherent right to self-defence is the primary justification for the use of nuclear weapons according to the International Court of Justice in the Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (Advisory Opinion). Even so, nuclear weapons would still have to meet the threshold of self-defence and the cardinal principals of ‘imminence’, ‘necessity’ and ‘proportionality’ which regulate the lawfulness of a state’s actions in self-defence. Since there has only been two situations where nuclear weapons have been used- in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945- it is necessary to examine three hypothetical situations in which nuclear weapons are used in self-defence to determine if, under any, exceptional circumstances such action could be lawful.
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O'Meara, Christopher. "Necessity and proportionality and the right of self-defence in international law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057299/.

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When states use force extraterritorially, they invariably claim a right of self-defence. They also accept that its exercise is conditioned by the customary international law requirements of necessity and proportionality. To date, these requirements have received little attention. They are notorious for being normatively indeterminate and operationally complex. As a breach of either requirement transforms lawful acts of self-defence into unlawful uses of force, increased determinacy regarding their scope and substance is crucial to how international law constrains military force. This thesis addresses this fact. It examines the conceptual meaning, content and practical application of necessity and proportionality as they relate to the right of self-defence following the adoption of the UN Charter. It provides a coherent and up-to-date description of the lex lata and an analytical framework to guide its operation and appraisal. It does this by undertaking the first comprehensive review of relevant jurisprudence, academic commentary and state practice from 1945 to date. Although the operation of necessity and proportionality is highly contextual, the result is a more determinate elaboration of international law that bridges theory and practice. This greater normative clarity strengthens the law's potential to exert a pull towards compliance. Necessity determines whether defensive force may be used to respond to an armed attack, and where it must be directed. Proportionality governs how much total force is permissible. This thesis contends that the two requirements are conceptually distinct and must be applied in the foregoing order to avoid an insufficient 'catch-all' description of (il)legality. It also argues that necessity and proportionality must apply on an ongoing basis, throughout the duration of an armed conflict prompted by self-defence. This ensures that the purposes of self-defence are met, and nothing more, and that defensive force is not unduly disruptive to third party interests and international peace and security.
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Wahab, Mohd Iqbal bin Abdul. "The doctrine of excessive force in self-defence and the theory of the "battered woman syndrome" in the defence of self-defence in criminal law : a comparative study of English, Australian and Canadian criminal law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27585.

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This thesis aims to examine two issues related to the defence of self-defence in criminal law. Firstly, it is an investigation into the theory of excessive force in selfdefence. The essence of the theory is to have a person who excessively applies force in his defence to be convicted of manslaughter. The arguments in favour of the theory are compelling; however, in practice, the issue of excessive defence has always been a brain-teaser for judges. This thesis elaborates the controversies surrounding the application of the theory in the courts. The reason for its demise and arguments for its revival are discussed. Secondly, this work analyses the incorporation of the doctrine of the "battered woman syndrome" into the defence of self-defence. This doctrine has recently been introduced where, upon its acceptance by the court, an accused will be successful in pleading self-defence despite the fact that the traditional requirement of imminence has not been satisfied. There is discussion whether the doctrine has always been necessary for battered woman in claiming self-defence. This thesis focuses, in the main, on decided cases and, wherever necessary, a comparison is made of the two theories mentioned above in the law of self-defence in England, Australia and Canada.
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Al-Sharif, Emad. "The meaning of self-defence under article 51 of the United Nations charter." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4635.

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This thesis examines the development of the concept of individual and collective self-defence as expressed in Article 51 of the UN Charter. In doing so, it will analyse the attempts to stretch the scope of the right of self-defence beyond the limits allowed under Article 51 and assess whether such attempts have undermined the Charter regime. The concept of self-defence is seen as part of a series of evolutionary attempts to limit the horrors of war by formulating criteria for the legitimacy of armed force. This study looks at the developments from the racial and religiously- motivated medieval concept of "Just War", and the "defensive" Islamic concept of Jihad, through arbitration and treaty between sovereign states, to the development of the legal doctrine of self-defence, subject to the criteria of necessity and proportionality, established in the Caroline case. The focus is on the modem development of the concept of self-defence in the UN era, has developed within the context of a global collective security system.However, the circumstances of its drafting left Article 51 with a number of ambiguities and inadequacies, which are explored with reference to illustrative examples from recent history. Attention is drawn to the nature and scope of the so-called "inherent right"; the difficulties surrounding the definitions of "armed attack" and "aggression" as events which activate the sight of self-defence; and the unforeseen burden placed on Article 51 as a result of the paralysing effect of the Cold War on the collective security system. A further development in recent years has been a trend to fit Article 51 to the scope of the post-colonial, post-Cold War era, by attempting to enlarge it, both temporally and spatially. The former leads to claims for various forms of anticipatory and retrospective defence; the latter to broader conceptions of the people, territory and governance system to be defended whereby the legal framework of Article 51 is made subject to political and humanitarian considerations. However well-intentioned, such trends would greatly increase the number of exceptions to the prohibition in Article 2(4) and open the door to misuse of the Article 51 provision thereby increasing the danger of threats to peace and security.Clearly, the 1945 conception of self-defence is no longer adequate to deal with the changing force of international relations. Article 51 must change; the question is whether it can do so within the spirit of its nature as an "emergency" response with value especially to weaker and third world nations.
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Leverick, Fiona. "A critical analysis of the law of self-defence in Scotland and England." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU172065.

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This thesis is a critical analysis of the law of self-defence in Scotland and England. It is argued that it is far more difficult to justify the use of lethal force in self-defence than is commonly assumed and that, drawing on the work of Uniacke, the most convincing justification is on the basis of a right to life, accompanied by a theory of forfeiture. That is, the victim of an attack is entitled to protect herself from an aggressor who threatens her right to life. The reason why she is permitted to kill the aggressor, but the aggressor is not permitted to kill her, is because an aggressor forfeits her right to life by virtue of becoming an unjust immediate threat to the life of another. However, the right to life is seen as a fundamental right that should be respected in relation to all human beings, even aggressors, as far as is reasonably possible. This is because, unlike almost all other types of loss, a deprivation of life is something from which the victim can never recover and for which the victim can never be compensated. As such, it is argued that an aggressor's right to life is only forfeited at the point where it is no longer reasonably possible to save both the life of the victim and the life of the aggressor. On this basis, the thesis proceeds to argue that the law of self-defence should contain strict rules on when it is permissible to take the life of another human being. As such, relatively restrictive rules are proposed in relation to five specific aspects of self-defence law: retreat, mistake, self-generated self-defence, imminence and proportionality. It is suggested that Scots law conforms to these strict rules to a greater extent than does English law.
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Books on the topic "Self-defence (law)"

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Ssekandi, Francis M. Self-defence in Uganda law. Kampala: Law Development Centre, 2008.

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Arthur, Eyffinger, Muller Sam, and Stephens Alan, eds. Self-defence as a fundamental principle. Hague: Hague Academic Press, 2009.

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Arthur, Eyffinger, Muller Sam, and Stephens Alan, eds. Self-defence as a fundamental principle. Hague: Hague Academic Press, 2009.

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Alder, Murray Colin. The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4.

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Krisch, Nico. Selbstverteidigung und kollektive Sicherheit =: Self-defence and collective security. Berlin: Springer, 2001.

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Nova Scotia Advisory Council on the Status of Women. Response to Department of Justice consultation paper on provocation, self-defence, and defence of property. Halifax: Nova Scotia Advisory Council on the Status of Women, 1998.

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Ratushny, Lynn. The self-defence review: Overview and next steps. [Ottawa]: Govt. of Canada, 1997.

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Szabó, Kinga Tibori. Anticipatory action in self-defence: Essence and limits under international law. The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2011.

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Gabor, Thomas. Firearms and self-defence: A comparison of Canada and the United States. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Dept. of Justice, Canadian Firearms Centre, Policy Sector, 1997.

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Constantinou, Avra. The right of self-defence under customary international law and Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. Athènes: Ant. N. Sakkoulas, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Self-defence (law)"

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Szabó, Kinga Tibori. "Self-Defence in Ancient and Medieval Natural-Law." In Anticipatory Action in Self-Defence, 31–58. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-796-8_2.

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Fink, Martin. "Self-Defence and Maritime Interception." In Maritime Interception and the Law of Naval Operations, 107–24. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-249-1_6.

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Haggenmacher, Peter. "Self-Defence as a General Principle of Law and its Relation to War." In Self-Defence as a Fundamental Principle, 3–48. The Hague: Hague Academic Press, an imprint of T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-433-2_1.

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Alder, Murray Colin. "State Practice in Self-defence Since 1945." In The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law, 125–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4_6.

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McPherson, Rachel M. "Women who kill their abusers and self-defence." In Women Who Kill, Criminal Law and Domestic Abuse, 82–94. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196884-6.

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Tibori-Szabó, Kinga. "The ‘Unwilling or Unable’ Test and the Law of Self-defence." In Fundamental Rights in International and European Law, 73–97. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-088-6_4.

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Alder, Murray Colin. "The Use of Force Between States Before 1815 – The Sovereign Right to Use War." In The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law, 1–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4_1.

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Alder, Murray Colin. "The Use of Force Between States – 1815 to 1914." In The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law, 25–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4_2.

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Alder, Murray Colin. "The Use Force Between States – 1919 to 1939." In The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law, 45–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4_3.

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Alder, Murray Colin. "Charter of the United Nations 1945." In The Inherent Right of Self-Defence in International Law, 71–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4851-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Self-defence (law)"

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Bhatt, Professor S. "Contemporary - A Doctrine of Self-defence in Outer Space Law." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e6.4.03.

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Yamada, Hidejiro, Hiroshi Hamatani, and Kazuhiko Ishizawa. "Development of the XF3-30 Turbofan Engine." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-26.

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The XF3-30 is the low-bypass-ratio turbofan engine which has been developed to power the XT-4 intermediate trainer for the Japan Air Self Defence Force. This engine has been designed and tested in accordance with the requirements of MIL-E-5007D with some modifications to meet the particular requirements of an intermediate trainer and circumstances in Japan. All of the qualification tests including endurance tests, low cycle fatigue test, altitude test, foreign object ingestion test and environmental icing test were successfully completed by Mar. 1986 and flight test of the XT-4 trainer aircraft powered by two of the XF3-30 engines has proceeded without any-engine related problems.
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Tominc, Bernarda, and Andrej Sotlar. "Varnostno samoorganiziranje državljanov – med teoretičnim konceptom in slovensko deklarativno prakso." In Varnost v ruralnih in urbanih okoljih: konferenčni zbornik. Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-404-0.7.

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Security self-organization is a natural right of an individual and a social group. Still, this right is, in conditions of a high degree of institutionalization of security systems, (partially) regulated by the states – both in declarative and legal manners. In Slovenia, this right has been explicitly provided in the resolutions of the national security strategy (1993, 2001, 2010, 2019), as well as in some key legislation from the field of the internal security system, the defence system, and the system of protection against natural and other disasters. Given that there has been no excessive interest in security self-organization in the last three decades in practice, it seems that also the state did not put many interests in the development of this area, neither in terms of support nor in terms of restrictions. However, the sudden appearance of the paramilitary guards (slov. varde) has initiated a vigorous debate in the professional and lay public, showing that a fair share of civil society and security professionals are unwilling to tolerate security self-organization that tries – self-proclaimed and self-assessed – to fill the security deficit of state organizations.
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Yanagihara, Hideaki, and Akira Tateno. "Accelerated Mission Tests and Reliability Improvement of F3-30 Engine." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-322.

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F3-30 is the low-bypass-ratio turbofan engine which has been developed to power the T-4 intermediate trainer for the Japan Air Self Defence Force (JASDF). The qualification tests of the engine were successfully completed in March, 1986, and the actual field service was started in September, 1988. Before the start of the actual use, accelerated mission tests (AMT) were conducted for the purpose of finding deficiencies which would occur in the actual mission usage, and verifying the time between overhaul (TBO) of the initial service. This paper describes the test method, the results, and the evaluation for them. Also it presents current status and basic ideas for the future reliability improvement of the F3-30 engine.
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Kozu, Masao, and Satoshi Yashima. "Reynolds Number Effects on the Performance of a Turbofan Engine." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-199.

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Reynolds Number effects on the matching performance of a small twin-spool turbofan engine were investigated through the altitude tests of the F3-30 engine which was developed to power the Japan Air Self Defence Force’s T-4 intermediate trainer. Analyzing the test results made it clear that the change of the aerodynamic characteristics of the low pressure turbine due to Reynolds Number effects is as significant as these of fan and compressor, and it caused the difference between the predicted and measured engine performance at high altitudes. Correlation factors on the Reynolds Number for each of the component characteristics (pressure ratio, airflow and efficiency of fan and compressor, and gas flow and efficiency of low pressure turbine) were obtained, and simulation of the engine performance using these factors coincided well with the test data which were obtained from the altitude tests of the F3-30 at Arnold Engineering Development Center of U. S. Air Force.
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Guppy, R. M., S. P. Vines, and S. J. Wisbey. "The Benefits of Cementitious Encapsulation Matrices for the Conditioning of Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4886.

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The UK has significant quantities of radioactive waste, which have arisen over the past fifty years or so, largely as a result of nuclear power, reprocessing and defence programmes. The intermediate level wastes arising as a result of these activities, exhibit a high level of physical and chemical diversity, and must be managed safely in a way that protects existing and future generations and the environment. Development work has been conducted since the early 1980s to identify suitable conditioning materials and techniques that are compatible with the needs of safe long-term management, including interim storage, transport and future deep geological disposal. From these studies cementation emerged as the one medium which could satisfy all the key waste management criteria. Other materials were not ruled out and may offer benefits in specific applications. The advantages of conditioning ILW with cement include: • the extensive experience of its use in a wide variety of contexts; • the raw materials are relatively cheap and have a long shelf life; • cement is processed in relatively simple plant at room temperature, with safety and cost benefits for plant operators; • the product is fire resistant and of relatively low toxicity; • cement is capable of immobilising a wide range of wastes ranging from solids to aqueous slurries; • cement provides desirable product properties. Desirable properties include: • suitable strength, • chemical control of radionuclide leading to enhanced retention, • good corrosion protection for steels, • low permeability, • tolerance to radiation, • durability over extended timescales, and • good radiation self-shielding properties. Several waste packaging plants are now operational in the UK using cement-based encapsulants. These are currently conditioning ILW for interim storage, in a manner suitable for future transport and compatible with the Nirex phased deep disposal concept. This paper will describe the development of cement-based encapsulants to meet the needs of UK radioactive wastes, and will provide examples of the supporting product quality data.
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Brooker, Jennifer, and Daniel Vincent. "The Australian Veterans' Scholarship Program (AVSP) Through a Career Construction Paradigm." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4380.

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In Australia, 6000 military personnel leave the military each year, of whom at least 30% become unemployed and 19% experience underemployment, figures five times higher than the national average (Australian Government 2020). Believed to be one of life's most intense transitions, veterans find it difficult to align their military skills and knowledge to the civilian labour market upon leaving military service (Cable, Cathcart and Almond 2021; AVEC 2020). // Providing authentic opportunities that allow veterans to gain meaningful employment upon (re)entering civilian life raises their capability to incorporate accrued military skills, knowledge, and expertise. Despite acknowledging that higher education is a valuable transition pathway, Australia has no permanently federally funded post-service higher education benefit supporting veterans to improve their civilian employment prospects. Since World War II, American GIs have accessed a higher education scholarship program (tuition fees, an annual book allowance, monthly housing stipend) (Defense 2019). A similar offering is available in Canada, the UK, and Israel. // We are proposing that the AVSP would be the first comprehensive, in-depth study investigating the ongoing academic success of Australia's modern veterans as they study higher and vocational education. It consists of four distinct components: // Scholarships: transitioning/separated veterans apply for one of four higher education scholarship options (under/postgraduate): 100% tuition fees waived // $750/fortnight living stipend for the degree duration // 50/50 tuition/living stipend // Industry-focused scholarships. // Research: LAS Consulting, Open Door, Flinders University, over seven years, will follow the scholarship recipients to identify which scholarship option is the most relevant/beneficial for Australian veterans. The analysis of the resultant quantitative and qualitative data will demonstrate that providing federal financial support to student veterans studying higher education options: Improves the psychosocial and economic outcomes for veterans // Reduces the need for financial and medical support of participants // Reduces the national unemployed and underemployed statistics for veterans // Provides a positive return of investment (ROI) to the funder // May increase Australian Defence Force (ADF) recruitment and retention rates // Career Construction: LAS Consulting will sit, listen, guide, and help build an emotional connection around purpose, identity, education and employment opportunities back into society. So, the veteran can move forward, crystalise a life worth living, and find their authentic self, which is led by their values in the civilian world. // Mentoring: Each participant receives a mentor throughout their academic journey.
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Kruszewski, Artur, Marek Kruszewski, Elena Cherkashina, Ilia Cherkashin, and Liu Siliang. "Interpretation of Chinese hand-to-hand fighting systems and therapeutic exercises from the perspective of the INNOAGON methodology." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005292.

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The traditional Chinese aerobic fitness exercise tai chi, is a form of low to moderate intensity physical activity. Tai chi is a good example of both therapeutic exercise and a form of preparation for gentle hand-to-hand combat (especially as safe self-defence, also from the perspective of a potential aggressor) . In Chinese society, these forms of exercise are the primary means of preventive health, active lifestyle and, in a sense, conventional physiotherapy or even rehabilitation. Many schools of tai chi based on the same theoretical principles of exercise are still emerging in China. There are currently six main schools of tai chi and the mainstream is based on the styles; Chen, Yang, Sun, Hao, Wu and He. As a result of evolutionary, practice-based changes linked to traditional oriental medicine, the ai chi method has been popularised. Its core element is part of rehabilitation in water as a 'physical-mental' treatment. Combining the advantages of tai chi and hydropathy, ai tai chi has complementary advantages in terms of sensory stimulation (such as the ability to maintain balance, sense of movement, development of strength, proprioception etc.) and mental development resulting from the valuable practice of eastern hand-to-hand combat, which is generally recognised as kung fu (alternatively wu shu).Similar modifications of these systems of hand-to-hand combat and healing exercises are part of the methodological concept of INNOAGON (an acronym for innovative agonology). Its basic method is a complementary approach, with the main aim of strengthening all dimensions of health and survival from the micro to the macro scale. For many decades tai chi has been gaining popularity around the world, but has moved significantly away from its roots. Today, tai chi exercises seem to have lost the sense of martial training and are rather seen as three strands parallel to each other: sport, health and spiritual (i.e. related to mental health). It is precisely the philosophy of health characteristic of Chinese culture combined with the various styles of traditional kung-fu hand-to-hand combat that is a very important alternative to the pathologies of neo-gladiatorism. It comes close to fulfilling the social mission of INNOAGON, as does Japanese budo. These systems, in a sense, refer to the Greek philosophy of kalos kagatos. The methodological potential of INNOAGON makes intercultural dialogue over time (from the past, through the present towards the future), supported by a repeatedly verified practice with great health and personal security values, an important way of balancing the negative effects of the increasingly strong human coupling with the attractions of modern digital technology.
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