Academic literature on the topic 'Self-defense. [from old catalog]'
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Journal articles on the topic "Self-defense. [from old catalog]"
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Grudecki, Michał, and Magdalena Kleszcz. "DEPRIVATION OF LIFE OF AN ASSAILANT IN THE NECESSARY DEFENSE AND A CATALOG OF PROTECTED LEGAL INTERESTS." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 3, no. XX (September 30, 2020): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4235.
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The article is devoted to the issue of killing an attacker in self-defense. The considerations are based on the interpretation of Article 25 § 2 of the Penal Code, from which it follows that the method of defense must be commensurate with the danger of attack. The authors are looking for a catalog of legal interests that can be defended by harming the attacker’s life. They also analyze Article 2 (2a) European Convention of Human Rights, according to which deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary in defence of any person from unlawful violence. The authors draw attention to the role of this provision in the interpretation of the signs of necessary defense, especially the sign of proportionality of the means of defense to the danger of assassination. In the article, they also defined the concept of a countertype (justification) and briefly characterized the remaining features of necessary defense
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Brown, Chris. "Self-Defense in an Imperfect World." Ethics & International Affairs 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2003.tb00412.x.
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In his address at West Point on June 1, 2002, President George W. Bush appeared to be signaling America's willingness to regard the mere possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by potential enemies as grounds for an anticipatory war. Historically, however, a clear distinction has been drawn between preemptive and preventive, or anticipatory, war, with the latter regarded as illegitimate. The National Security Strategy announced by the president on September 20, 2002, was more conventional in its approach to preemption, but doubts remain as to whether the old distinction can be preserved. And this discussion is taking place in the context of a specific problem, namely the apparent desire of Iraq to obtain WMD and the determination of the United States, and, less clearly expressed, the UN Security Council, to prevent this from happening.
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Ritter, Guillaume, Romain Eschbach, Richard Girieud, and Maxime Soulard. "CESAR5.3: Isotopic depletion for Research and Testing Reactor decommissioning." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 4 (2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2018008.
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CESAR stands in French for “simplified depletion applied to reprocessing”. The current version is now number 5.3 as it started 30 years ago from a long lasting cooperation with ORANO, co-owner of the code with CEA. This computer code can characterize several types of nuclear fuel assemblies, from the most regular PWR power plants to the most unexpected gas cooled and graphite moderated old timer research facility. Each type of fuel can also include numerous ranges of compositions like UOX, MOX, LEU or HEU. Such versatility comes from a broad catalog of cross section libraries, each corresponding to a specific reactor and fuel matrix design. CESAR goes beyond fuel characterization and can also provide an evaluation of structural materials activation. The cross-sections libraries are generated using the most refined assembly or core level transport code calculation schemes (CEA APOLLO2 or ERANOS), based on the European JEFF3.1.1 nuclear data base. Each new CESAR self shielded cross section library benefits all most recent CEA recommendations as for deterministic physics options. Resulting cross sections are organized as a function of burn up and initial fuel enrichment which allows to condensate this costly process into a series of Legendre polynomials. The final outcome is a fast, accurate and compact CESAR cross section library. Each library is fully validated, against a stochastic transport code (CEA TRIPOLI 4) if needed and against a reference depletion code (CEA DARWIN). Using CESAR does not require any of the neutron physics expertise implemented into cross section libraries generation. It is based on top quality nuclear data (JEFF3.1.1 for ∼400 isotopes) and includes up to date Bateman equation solving algorithms. However, defining a CESAR computation case can be very straightforward. Most results are only 3 steps away from any beginner's ambition: Initial composition, in core depletion and pool decay scenario. On top of a simple utilization architecture, CESAR includes a portable Graphical User Interface which can be broadly deployed in R&D or industrial facilities. Aging facilities currently face decommissioning and dismantling issues. This way to the end of the nuclear fuel cycle requires a careful assessment of source terms in the fuel, core structures and all parts of a facility that must be disposed of with “industrial nuclear” constraints. In that perspective, several CESAR cross section libraries were constructed for early CEA Research and Testing Reactors (RTR’s). The aim of this paper is to describe how CESAR operates and how it can be used to help these facilities care for waste disposal, nuclear materials transport or basic safety cases. The test case will be based on the PHEBUS Facility located at CEA − Cadarache.
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Liskustyawati, Hanik, Agus Mukholid, and Waluyo Waluyo. "The Average Needs of Pencak Silat Basic Technique from Sparring Category." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.972.
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The art of self-defense PencakSilat as integral part of Indonesian culture society, in its intact and original substance, has two dimensions which cannot be distinguished, that are psychiatric dimension and physicality dimension. Physicality dimension is related to various PencakSilat techniques, each techniques has different character and way of performance. The manifestation of the value is a unity, such as mental-spiritual aspect, art and culture, self-defense, and sport. The aim of this research is to identify how much the average needs of PencakSilat basic technique in all sparring category in age 8 to 12 years old of female athlete.This research is descriptive research with survey technique. The sample of the research was all female athlete from sparring class A to J, who joined UNS OPEN 2019, which is amounts 70 persons. The qualitative data analysis technique used percentage technique.The result of this research shows that the average needs of PencakSilat basic technique from sparring class A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J were different. The results of this research shows that the average needs of PencakSilat basic technique from female sparring category are as follows: blow technique 26,2%, front kick 44,5%, side kick 3,6%, back kick 0%, sickle kick 18,3%, slamming 2,3%, cutouts 0,6%, sweep 0%, and defense 4,5%.
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Wedgwood, Ruth. "The Fall of Saddam Hussein: Security Council Mandates and Preemptive Self-Defense." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 3 (July 2003): 576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3109842.
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At long last, the people of Iraq are freed from the brutality of Saddam Hussein. The swift success of the coalition’s military campaign has been followed by predictable difficulties in organizing a hew government, restoring an economy, rebuilding civic society, and quelling violence from remnants of the old regime. But these challenges are kept in scale by recalling a dictator who murdered three hundred thousand fellow citizens. Saddam chose weapons of mass destruction as the central symbol of his domestic and international swagger—using the same internal security apparatus to parry United Nations inspectors and to extinguish domestic political dissent. Removing Iraq’s Ba’athist regime has ended a looming danger to regional neighbors, including Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The crucial hopes for Middle East peace may also be enhanced by the change. And a new government in Baghdad lessens the chance that weapons matériel will be transferred to ill-intentioned nonstate actors.
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Franck, Thomas M., and Faiza Patel. "UN Police Action in Lieu of War: “The Old Order Changeth”." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 1 (January 1991): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203558.
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The United Nations system is an elegant, carefully crafted instrument to make war illegal and unnecessary. To this end, in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter, members are required to “refrain … from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.”If such force is used despite that prohibition, the Charter envisages two kinds of military remedies: wars of self-defense and police actions. Article 51 authorizes members to use military force in exercise of the “inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs” in violation of Article 2(4). This provision merely recognizes that the old war system may still be needed until the new system of global policing can secure the peace for all.
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Savilahti, E. M., H. Haravuori, M. Rytilä-Manninen, N. Lindberg, and M. Marttunen. "High Bdi-21 Scores in Adolescents Without Depression are Associated with Negative Self-image, Immature and Neurotic Defense Styles and Adverse Life Events." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2216.
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IntroductionStructured self-reports, such as Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) are widely used in assessing adolescents’ psychological wellbeing.ObjectivesTo investigate what factors are associated with discrepancies between BDI scores and diagnostic assessment in adolescent psychiatric patients and general population.AimsTo recognize what factors may contribute to high BDI scores besides depressive symptoms.MethodsThe study population consisted of 206 adolescents (13–17 years old) who were hospitalised for the first time in adolescent psychiatry and 203 age and gender matched adolescents recruited from schools in the same region. Study subjects filled self-reports on depression symptoms (BDI-21), substance misuse (AUDIT), psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90), defense styles (DSQ-40) and self-image (OSIQ). Diagnostics was based on K-SADS-PL interview, and/or clinical interview and clinical records when available. Information on background and life events was gathered from study subjects.ResultsWe compared subjects who scored in BDI-21 either 0–15 points or 16–63 points firstly among subjects who did not fill diagnostic criteria for current unipolar depression and secondly among those who did fulfill the diagnostic criteria. High BDI-21 scores in subjects without depression diagnosis were associated with female sex, older age, several adverse life events, higher psychiatric co-morbidity, worse self-image and more immature, neurotic and image-distorting defense styles (and less mature defense style). Low BDI-21 scores among subjects with depression diagnosis were associated with male sex, more positive self-image and less immature defense style.ConclusionsHigh BDI-21 scores may reflect a broad range of challenges in an adolescent's psychological development even in the absence of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Savilahti, Emma M., Minna Rytilä-Manninen, Henna Haravuori, and Mauri Marttunen. "Adolescent Inpatients with Depression: Comparison to Inpatients without Depression and to Peers without Psychiatric Disorders." Adolescent Psychiatry 10, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676610999200623112132.
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Background: Family background, social support and psychological characteristics are known to be associated with depression in adolescence, but scientific data in complex, naturalistic settings are scarce. Objective: To investigate the characteristics of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with depressive disorders compared to peers without psychiatric disorders and to adolescent psychiatric inpatients without depression. Methods: The study population of 206 inpatients (13-17 years old) and 203 age and gendermatched non-referred adolescents was evaluated using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview, and clinical interview and clinical records when available. Structured self-reports provided information on family background, defense styles, self-image and perceived social support. We compared firstly subjects with current depressive disorders (n=120) to subjects without any psychiatric disorder (n=159) and secondly within the inpatient population, those with depressive disorders (n=117) to those with any other psychiatric diagnoses (n=89). Results: Current depressive disorders were characterized by worse self-image, less mature defenses and less perceived social support particularly from the family. Adversities in the family were more prevalent in subjects with depression compared to subjects without any psychiatric diagnosis, while among inpatients, no significant differences were observed. Psychiatric comorbidity was common in all inpatients, whereas suicidality was more prevalent among inpatients with depression. Conclusions: Negative self-image, less mature defense style and low perceived social support particularly from the family were characteristics of depression in adolescents.
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Thellung, Stefano, Alessandro Corsaro, Mario Nizzari, Federica Barbieri, and Tullio Florio. "Autophagy Activator Drugs: A New Opportunity in Neuroprotection from Misfolded Protein Toxicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040901.
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The aim of this review is to critically analyze promises and limitations of pharmacological inducers of autophagy against protein misfolding-associated neurodegeneration. Effective therapies against neurodegenerative disorders can be developed by regulating the “self-defense” equipment of neurons, such as autophagy. Through the degradation and recycling of the intracellular content, autophagy promotes neuron survival in conditions of trophic factor deprivation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, or accumulation of misfolded proteins. Autophagy involves the activation of self-digestive pathways, which is different for dynamics (macro, micro and chaperone-mediated autophagy), or degraded material (mitophagy, lysophagy, aggrephagy). All neurodegenerative disorders share common pathogenic mechanisms, including the impairment of autophagic flux, which causes the inability to remove the neurotoxic oligomers of misfolded proteins. Pharmacological activation of autophagy is typically achieved by blocking the kinase activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enzymatic complex 1 (mTORC1), removing its autophagy suppressor activity observed under physiological conditions; acting in this way, rapamycin provided the first proof of principle that pharmacological autophagy enhancement can induce neuroprotection through the facilitation of oligomers’ clearance. The demand for effective disease-modifying strategies against neurodegenerative disorders is currently stimulating the development of a wide number of novel molecules, as well as the re-evaluation of old drugs for their pro-autophagic potential.
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Naveskin, Roman Aleksandrovich, and Roman Alexandrovich Naveskin. "The Mirror Shield: the Camera as anInstrument of Civil Defence." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2010): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik24148-154.
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Another session of the Student Club under the Student Academic Society (SAS)took place in May at VGIK. The audience was shown the notorious "Tarnation" made by Jonathan Caouette, a 32-year-old gay Texas filmmaker who compiled this film from over 160-hour footage of himself and his Jamily. The movie aroused a heated discussion participated by VGIK students and guests from other universities. In the course of the discussion the idea of using a hand-held video camera as an instrument of civil self-defense was suggested In connection with the new academic year and the resuming of the SASs activity this theme is worth a closer examination.
Books on the topic "Self-defense. [from old catalog]"
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Howe, Henry. Adventures And Achievements Of Americans: A Series Of Narratives Illustrating Their Heroism, Self-Reliance, Genius And Enterprise. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.
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Howe, Henry. Adventures And Achievements Of Americans: A Series Of Narratives Illustrating Their Heroism, Self-Reliance, Genius And Enterprise. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Self-defense. [from old catalog]"
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Brown, Richard D. "Equal Justice for Irishmen and Other Foreigners." In Self-Evident Truths. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300197112.003.0003.
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For a generation or two after 1776—perhaps longer—American nationality was not firmly established, nor was there a single “American” ethnicity. And the colonial legacy was broadly welcoming for European immigrants. So regardless of nationality, equality before the law became the policy of every state. But old ethnic and religious prejudices, reinforced by immigration from the British Isles, made equal treatment problematic. Irish immigrants, who stood out as Catholics and potential radicals, were targets of prejudice. But when they were tried for capital crimes like rape and murder, adherence to legal procedures—including talented defense counsel—blunted the effects of prejudice. Yet fear of Irish and other Atlantic immigrants led congressmen to debate the qualifications for naturalized citizenship. Representatives agreed new citizens must be white; but they argued over the length of their probation and whether they should pay for the privilege. In the Jefferson administration Congress settled on five years and minimal fees. Equal rights for white immigrants became the rule in law and largely in practice.
Conference papers on the topic "Self-defense. [from old catalog]"
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Grudinin, Nikita. "The history of the formation and development of the institute of necessary defense in Russian criminal law." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-106-115.
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The article deals with the historical aspects of the formation and development of the institute of necessary defense in Russia. The author of the article mentions that the centuries-old history of the development of this institute has developed a criterion that establishes the possibility of self-defense and protection of the rights and freedoms of other people from socially dangerous encroachments, regardless of whether the defending person can resort to the help of others.