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Grigoreva, Aleksandrina Andreevna. "RISKY BEHAVIOR AS A FORM OF AUTOAGGRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Психология. Психофизиология 13, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/jpps200405.
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Risky behavior is considered in constructive and destructive aspects. The constructive aspect consists of adaptation to the dynamics of modern life. The destructive aspect is about the desire for danger, adventure, that leads to a threat to health and mental health. The problem of risky behavior as a manifestation of autoaggression is particularly relevant in the period of adolescence from 10 to 16 years. About 70 % of adolescent deaths are caused by risk-taking. Aim. The purpose of this work is to study the concepts of risky behavior, its types and prevention. Results. Risky behavior is a form of deviant behavior if it does not meet the standards adopted in a particular society at a certain time and involves an objective danger to the individual. In this regard, this behavior is considered as one of the manifestations of autoaggression. Adolescent risky behavior is caused by a number of biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. From an existential perspective, risky behavior is a choice made without reference to the value of one's own life. A teenager's perception of risk is associated with overcoming the fear of death, trying to take control of the situation. The types of autoaggressive risky behavior include ignoring traffic rules, offenses, casual sexual relations and unprotected sex, as well as the use of psychoactive substances. Conclusion. Adolescent risky behavior is a normative phenomenon of age, which under the influence of a number of adverse factors is modified into autoaggressive forms. Autoaggressive risky behavior is a way to regulate the fear of death and existential anxiety. This destructive behavior allows the adolescent to experience a surrogate sense of self-actualization: “I was able”, “I coped”, “I am successful”, which later forms a special way of responding to difficult life situations – addressing the topic of death as a way out of the crisis. An integral part of prevention of self-injurious, risk-taking behaviors of adolescents needs to be existential and personalized approach.
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Settineri, Salvatore, Amelia Rizzo, Angela Ottanà, Marco Liotta, and Carmela Mento. "Dental aesthetics perception and eating behavior in adolescence." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0031.
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AbstractBackground:This correlational study explored the psychosocial aspects related to eating behavior in different age samples of adolescents in treatment from 0 to 60 months at the Clinic of Orthodontics and Dentistry of Messina, Messina, Italy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between psychosocial impact, levels of self-esteem, and the possible connection with eating habits of adolescents under orthodontic treatment.Methods:Sixty-one adolescents, aged between 12 and 22 years (mean=15.6±2.8) participated to the study. Each adolescents was interviewed with the Eating Attitudes Test, the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire.Results:Data did not show a direct connection between eating disorder and dental aesthetics, nevertheless, adolescents under orthodontic treatment, especially in the earliest phase of wearing braces, showed peculiar eating habits and underwent a higher psychological impact of dental aesthetics. Eating behaviors are strictly linked to global self-esteem. The processing of the results was made through the Student’s t-test and using Pearson’s correlation analysis.Conclusion:Increased knowledge of the psychological aspects involved in orthodontic treatment compliance may have positive effects in the relationship between adolescent patients and orthodontists. More attention should be paid to aspects that are often underestimated in clinical practice, thus, influencing the outcome of treatment and patient satisfaction, not only in terms of dental health, but also of mental health.
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Avdeeva, N. N., and B. A. Hoffman. "Current research on adolescents’ relationships with parents." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 4 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080407.
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The article is based on the materials of foreign sources and discusses the current trends in the relationship of adolescents and their parents. The following problems are discussed: influence of upbringing styles and parental attitudes on various aspects of psychological development of adolescents; contribution of relationships with parents and peers into social and personality development in adolescence; peculiarities of teenagers’ attachments to parents; child-parent conflicts. The recent studies of family education and its influence on psychological development confirm the positive role of authoritative parenting style, the negative impact of rigid parenting style on adolescent aggression and so on. It is shown that excessive parental control does not contribute to the development of self-esteem and increases self-criticism in adolescent girls. In relatively new researches devoted to "technoference" the negative impact of technical means (phone, gadgets) on interaction between parents and children is shown. The article stresses the importance of attachment to parents in adolescence; the role of the quality of attachment in formation of autonomy; capacity to solve problems and cope with difficulties associated with Internet addiction; aggression and school performance. The article also presents studies of positive and negative aspects of the impact of conflict with parents on the personality development of adolescents, gender differences in behavior during the conflict between mother and father, the contribution of marital conflicts to psychological development in adolescence.
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Brunner, R., M. Kaess, P. Parzer, J. Haffner, and F. Resch. "Self-injurious behavior and suicidal behavior in adolescents: Results from population based studies in Germany." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73750-6.
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IntroductionSelf-harming and suicidal behaviour are both well-recognized problems during adolescence. While prevalence rates are very high and still rising in most western countries, there is an extensive need for understanding childhood developmental aspects, personality factors and psychological correlates of self-harm and suicidality. Additionally, specific and effective prevention should be established regarding self-harming and suicidal behaviour as one of the largest concerns of public health during this period of life.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence and the associated psychological and social factors of self-harming behaviour in adolescents. To evaluate a school-based intervention aimed at reducing self-harming behaviour in adolescents.MethodsIn the years 2005 and 2010 we performed one population-based, cross-sectional study including a sample of 5,759 ninth-grade students and one randomized-controlled, school-based prevention study within the large EU-consortium (SEYLE) comprising a sample-size of 1,387 students on self-harming and suicidal behaviour in Heidelberg.ResultsThe data suggest that there is a strong link between social factors and occasional self-injurious behavior and, especially in repetitive self-injurious behaviour, that there is a strong association between self-injurious behaviour and suicidal behaviour as well as self-injurious behaviour and emotional and behavioural problems. Preliminary results of the randomized-controlled prevention study could reveal a decrease of self-harming behaviour in adolescents in the short-term as well as long-term-follow-up.ConclusionsThe results support a need to investigate the possible neurobiological underpinnings as well as social factors of self-harming behaviour within a longitudinal model.
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Isaakian, Oksana, and Marina Lukyanenko. "Research on the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 19025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021019025.
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Introduction. The difficultly predictable socio-economic and socio-moral difficulties of modern society at the stage in the development of our society have exacerbated the problem of upbringing and formation of adolescents, which negatively affects the process of their adaptation and socialization. This issue is addressed at different levels: legal, medical, psychological, social. Theoretical justification In adolescence, identity goes through a phase of formation, being in the zone of proximal mental development. Identity and identification are important characteristics of self-awareness. Timely identification of identification disorders makes it possible to detect deviations in the formation of identity in adolescents, which is extremely important both for diagnosing the personality of adolescents with deviant behavior and for their correction. Results. The problem of the formation of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior puts before the authors of the article the need to search for directed and indirect technologies for working with adolescents, taking into account the characteristics of their personality. The authors proved the difference in the social identity of adolescents with normalized behavior and adolescents with deviant behavior and identified the features of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior, having received a qualitative assessment after using diagnostic methods and analysis of the data obtained. The discussion of the results. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical technologies for the formation of the social identity of adolescents with deviant behavior has shown the possibility of using patterns of successful, socially approved behavior for various aspects of adolescent life.
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Kaligis, Fransiska. "Life skills program for improving adolescent mental health in the af-termath Mount Merapi eruption, Yogyakarta-Indonesia." ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v1i1.61.
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The ability of adolescents to cope with stressful life events has not been well developed. Facing stressful situ-ations might trigger them to engage in many dangerous and self-destructive behaviors. Life skills program in improving mental health of adolescents has been proven in many countries, as it has in Indonesia. In post-disaster situation, there is rarely any community program which focuses on adolescent mental health. Life skills program is a psychological intervention to teach adolescents to improve their skill to cope with stress, develop self-esteem, deal with peer pressure, think critically, communicate appropriately and act assertively. Teachers and local health professionals who have already been trained about life skills program apply this program in adolescents experiencing a stressful event, a natural disaster from the eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. This study attempts to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the program for adolescents who had survived a natural disaster in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Three-weeks life skills training was conducted in 2012 on 40 junior and senior high school students, post Mount Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta and Magelang. Subjects were assessed for their self-image using Rosenberg self-image questionnaire, and their emotional-behavioral problems and mental strength using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), before and after the train-ing. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. The average age of the subjects was 14.48 + 1.21 years old. There were significant differences on the self-esteem and mental strength aspects of the subjects before and after intervention. Score on low self-esteem was improved (p=0.005), negative self perception also became better (p<0.001), and prosocial behavior was increased (p=0.001). There were also decreasing difficulties and emo-tional-behavioral problem score after intervention, and other aspects of self-esteem such as instability and self-consciousness. Life skills training has several positive effects in improving mental strength and self-image and decreasing emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents post-disaster.
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Kaligis, Fransiska. "Life skills program for improving adolescent mental health in the af-termath Mount Merapi eruption, Yogyakarta-Indonesia." ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/vol1iss1pp59-71.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of adolescents to cope with stressful life events has not been well developed. Facing stressful situ-ations might trigger them to engage in many dangerous and self-destructive behaviors. Life skills program in improving mental health of adolescents has been proven in many countries, as it has in Indonesia. In post-disaster situation, there is rarely any community program which focuses on adolescent mental health. Life skills program is a psychological intervention to teach adolescents to improve their skill to cope with stress, develop self-esteem, deal with peer pressure, think critically, communicate appropriately and act assertively. Teachers and local health professionals who have already been trained about life skills program apply this program in adolescents experiencing a stressful event, a natural disaster from the eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. This study attempts to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the program for adolescents who had survived a natural disaster in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Three-weeks life skills training was conducted in 2012 on 40 junior and senior high school students, post Mount Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta and Magelang. Subjects were assessed for their self-image using Rosenberg self-image questionnaire, and their emotional-behavioral problems and mental strength using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), before and after the train-ing. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. The average age of the subjects was 14.48 + 1.21 years old. There were significant differences on the self-esteem and mental strength aspects of the subjects before and after intervention. Score on low self-esteem was improved (p=0.005), negative self perception also became better (p<0.001), and prosocial behavior was increased (p=0.001). There were also decreasing difficulties and emo-tional-behavioral problem score after intervention, and other aspects of self-esteem such as instability and self-consciousness. Life skills training has several positive effects in improving mental strength and self-image and decreasing emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents post-disaster.
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Buchma, V. "Aggression as a violation of dialogic interaction in adolescence." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 27, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.3.07.
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The article is dedicated to the research of the aggression as a violation of dialogic interaction in adolescence. It should be noted that aggression is considered as one of the ways to fill in the need for communication. The research results received witness the fact that aggressive behavior is the reason for interpersonal communication process complicacy. As a rule, children of the same age evade communication with their aggressive contemporaries, but adults blame them for conduct of the kind, intensifying aggression manifestation in their behavior. Interpersonal character talent plays a fundamental role in psychological development of an individual, in the process of his socialization and obtaining the necessary forms of social behavior by him. Interpersonal communication is not only the juvenile personality formation condition, but a fundamental sphere of his self-realization. At the very age it is more conscious and purposeful, obtaining subjective importance, and is noted for its selectivity, durability and moral explanation. Communicative ability not properly developed in the definite periods of time becomes evident in the next periods of a person’s lifetime and in his communicative activity, unable to be flexible to combine his activity with the activity of other people. The communication problem in adolescence has an important part as communication is the main activity of this age period and is considered to be fundamental in adolescent personality socialization. It is proved juvenile communicative ability formation to support the aggressive behavior level decrease. Communication ability process formation in adolescence requires the investigation of such aspects as a personal motivation, cognition, willing and conduct aspects. A conduct therapy, as one of the most effective juvenile behavior breaking correction method, can serve as the basis for communication training and an effective means of the communication ability formation.
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Savelyuk, N. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY’S RELIGIOUS SOCIALIZATION: AGE PECULIARITIES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 2 (9) (2018): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2018.2(9).16.
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The article summarizes theoretical analysis of the concepts "socialization" and "religious socialization" which is defined as the process of "the entry of a person or group of people into a religious way of life, the assimilation of their religious values and norms of behavior, and, as a consequence, the change of relations with society caused by professed religious laws." As a result of this process, people adapt to the appropriate cultural environment and become separated from a certain part of society; reveals sociological, psychological, pedagogical approaches as the basic scientific contexts of the consideration; compares the role of main agents in religious socialization — parents, religion, different religious organizations and person’s coevals. The most widely studied ontogenetic periods of religious socialization, namely childhood, adolescence and early adolescence, are noted. At the same time, it emphasizes the period of ontogeny that has not been practically studied, such as late adolescence and periods of adulthood. And since the aforementioned age stages are a period of bright flowering of personality, which develops and manifests itself in the activity of the individual, then it is expedient to study here not so much the influence and interaction of the agents of socialization, as their own attitude, the person's assessment of their religiosity. The role of personality’s own religious activity as the subject factor of his\her religious socialization has been substantiated. Results of the comparative empirical study on expression degree of the main aspects of religious activity in adolescence and early adulthood have been described and interpreted. It has been stated that in the majority of religious, as well as pre-religious feelings and internal motives of religiousness, with certain age, the experience has weakened due to the feeling of loneliness, the feeling of "déjà vu" and the bifurcation of personality’s religious self-consciousness between "sinful" and "righteous", and, therefore, the effectiveness of appealing to God in order to attain the desired state of well-being has intensified.
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Zakharkiv, S. "Psychological and pedagogical analysis of the problem of discipline education in older adolescents in the process of martial arts training." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(123) (July 28, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).11.
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This article makes an attempt to reveal the main theoretical aspects of discipline education in older adolescents in the process of martial arts training. Thanks to the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, it has been established that the problem of disciplining education seekers is an urgent scientific problem and deserves special attention at the present stage of education development. It was found that discipline is an important moral and volitional quality of a person, which is characterized by the manifestation of endurance, internal organization, vital values, the fulfillment of educational tasks, responsibilities, norms and rules of behavior. The article notes that senior adolescence (grades 7-9) is favorable for the upbringing of discipline in older adolescents in the process of martial arts. It is highlighted that the use in the process of discipline upbringing of middle school students, various types of martial arts and mass sports activities, are important and effective means of personal qualities formation.
Also, it was possible to find out the main age patterns of older adolescents and their sensitivity to the education of discipline in the process of martial arts, namely: the transition from childhood to adulthood; uneven maturation of functional systems; the importance of appearance and physique; desire for self-affirmation and independence in practice, stage of development and self- development and others. It is revealed that the use of discipline of martial arts as a kind of sports activity in the process of education is an important and effective means of forming personal qualities, etc.
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Iannattone, Sara, Marina Miscioscia, Alessia Raffagnato, and Michela Gatta. "The Role of Alexithymia in Social Withdrawal during Adolescence: A Case–Control Study." Children 8, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020165.
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Although social withdrawal is becoming increasingly common among adolescents, there is still no consensus on its definition from the diagnostic and psychopathological standpoints. So far, research has focused mainly on social withdrawal as a symptom of specific diagnostic categories, such as depression, social phobia, or anxiety disorders, or in the setting of dependence or personality disorders. Few studies have dealt with social withdrawal in terms of its syndromic significance, also considering aspects of emotion control, such as alexithymia. The present case-control study aimed to further investigate the issue of social withdrawal, and try to clarify the part played by alexithymia in a sample of Italian adolescents diagnosed with psychological disorders (n = 80; Average Ageg = 15.2 years, SD = 1.49). Our patients with social withdrawal (cases) scored significantly higher than those without this type of behavior (controls) in every domain of alexithymia investigated, using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and with the scales in the Youth Self-Report (YSR) regarding internalizing problems, anxiety–depression, social problems, and total problems. Internalizing problems and total levels of alexithymia also emerged as predictors of social withdrawal. These variables may therefore precede and predispose adolescents to social withdrawal, while social problems may develop as a consequence of the latter.
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Berezovskii, A. V., I. M. Uliukin, and E. S. Orlova. "Рerfectionism of young people." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma50072.
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Аbstract. The current situation of the crisis state of various spheres of life of our compatriots makes such characteristics of a competitive individual as success, mobility, flexibility in decision making more and more popular. Perfectionism, previously studied as a personality trait responsible for the pursuit of excellence, is a state that can determine the course of thoughts and actions of a person, as well as change under the influence of circumstances or over time (since there is always the possibility of transition from one state to another, while that at any moment of being this or that state determines the further destiny of a person). Highlight perfectionist aspirations that are associated with the positive aspects of perfectionism, and perfectionist anxiety associated with maladaptive behavior. It is shown that only perfectionist anxiety has a direct correlation with perception of stress at work, while perfectionist aspirations do not have such a correlation. In adolescence, the pursuit of excellence is especially important, since at this time a hierarchy of values and authenticity (identity) are built, the search for ones place in life starts the activity of creating conditions for the realization of personal potential. Therefore, the main direction of medical and psychological support for young people is the formation of adequate self-esteem and self-reliance, which allows them to know the characteristics of their personality, receive feedback (both from peers and from socially significant individuals),work out their I in simulated conditions, and thereby increase the effectiveness of the psychological correction of non- adaptive forms of perfectionism, because the positive aspects of perfectionist attitudes are a potential development potential for young people one hundred.
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Markova, M., V. Lunov, and A. Chelakhova. "Test of disorders associated with extreme physical activity excitement EXTRIM-UDIT (version "self-report") in non-professional athletes." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 24, no. 6 (July 12, 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2017.6.13.
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The article presents the results of development and testing of the psycho-diagnostic tool designed to determine the extreme addicts in individuals not involved in sports professionally. The key problem of the research is extreme physical activity with symptoms of addictive behavior. The target group of the study and use of the Test for detecting disorders related to the passion for extreme physical activity EXTRIM-UDIT (version "self-report and introspection") to non-professional athletes can meet such characteristics as: adolescent / adolescence; teenagers and young men in a state of stress and/or conflict with peers formal reference groups or family environment; confined and lonely seeking approval of an informal reference group that lack the communication and self-expression etc.
Signs of extreme addicts and disorders associated with the passion for extreme physical activity, the authors attributed the following:
The desire to engage in extreme physical activity longer than all other activities.
Postponing educational, home etc. cases for the implementation of extreme physical activity.
Worsening of mood due to the lack of extreme physical activity.
During emotional stress calming himself with thoughts about the upcoming activity.
The rejection of people who are not fond of extreme physical activity.
Failure to withdraw from classes for feeling unwell or other reasons.
Feelings of sadness and anxiety in those days, when activity no.
To General characteristics of individuals with extreme addicts include:
At the time of this study notes that classes of extreme physical activity is the meaning of life.
The readiness of the day and night making extreme physical activity.
Neglecting studies or other things.
At the slightest mention of the extraordinary passion for extreme physical activity, such a person begins to be annoyed and to argue in favor of the ignorance of others about a healthy lifestyle.
Test for the detection of disorders associated with passion for extreme physical activity EXTRIM-UDIT (version "self-report and introspection") to non-professional athletes to diagnose the following levels:
I level (0-7 points) – relatively safe practicing extreme physical activity (intervention is limited to providing the subject with information about the potential dangers of extreme motor activity);
Level II (scores of 8-15) – risky extreme physical activity (providing the subject is simple tips on the need to reduce the time and clarify the dangers of the places where you normally become active);
Level III (scores of 16-19) – dangerous desire (strong motivation) to extreme physical activity (must complete a short psychotherapeutic intervention, and to continue monitoring the state of the subject).
Level IV (20 points or more) – a destructive involvement in extreme physical activity (to be conducted more detailed diagnosis of emotional, character, status, social role, family role-playing aspects of the personality and life of the subject and, in the case of the establishment of patterns of behavior restoration to recommend the appropriate program of socio-psychological training, psychotherapy).
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Ilyashenko, Tamara. "THE DEFINED GENERAL PREREQUISITES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN WITH DELAYED MENTAL DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE GENERALIZATION OF STUDIES PERFORMED BY POST-SOVIET SPACE SCIENTISTS." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.11.9.
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Basing on the analysis and generalization of the scientific research results on children’s mental developmental delay (MDD) carried out in the post-Soviet countries, we have determined the general principles of psychological support for MDD children, in particular, the principles of MDD diagnosing, the content of corresponding psychological assistance and age of children needed for it. Attention has been drawn to weakened interest to this issue in Ukraine because of its controversial nature and insufficient study of some MDD aspects; in particular, determination of assistance recipients and the age of children needed such psychological assistance should be studied more deeply. The article author proposes differentiate MMD as clinical and psychological diagnoses. Thus, a psychological diagnosis determines a set of a child’s psychological problems, as well as positive signs of his/her development, which can become a basic for corrective assistance; this psychological diagnosis is considered as an integral part of a functional diagnosis along with its medical component and is revealed during a comprehensive assessment of a child’s development to determinate necessary psychological support applied during education and social adaptation. The benefits and disadvantages of two approaches to the examination of children’s mental development were identified: the testing approach determining a child’s actual development and a learning ability criterion as the most important principle used in the national diagnostics to assess a child’s potential. Our attention was focused on the fact that developmental delay as a relatively mild ontogenetic violation was determined due to the used learning ability criterion. The expediency of combination of a child’s testing and qualitative assessment of their intellectual activity was considered, such approach would allow significant expanding of knowledge about examined children, which would help to develop individual programs for inclusive education and development. MDD is polymorphic in terms of its stability and the structure of cognitive impairments, so children’s needs in psychological support should be differentiated. The studies examining social adaptation and deviant behavior prevention for children with developmental delay were analyzed and summarized, in particular, in adolescence and senior school age, which allowed the article author to conclude about necessary uninterrupted psychological support for such children during their education at basic school and social/labor self-determination. The cardinal issues included into psychological support for such children were highlighted, namely, the formation of their self-image, their life or professional prospects, social and auto-psychological competence. The examined issues of the modern studies on MMD are a starting point for development of a psychological assistance program for MMD children. Its implementation helps further development of individual techniques relevant for children of different ages with the aim to their integration into society.
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Bannikov, G. S., O. V. Vikhristyuk, and N. Y. Fedunina. "Applying the Technique for Screening the Risks of Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents and Young People." Психологическая наука и образование 23, no. 4 (2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2018230409.
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The article presents screening results for potential and actual risk factors of suicide behavior in adolescents. The sample consisted of more than 6,000 minors aged between 13 and 18.The study included two stages: testing (scales of hopelessness and loneliness, Bass-Purry Aggression Questionnaire, index of well-being, Personal Values Questionnaire, personality disorders questionnaire, FACES III) and individual counselling (diagnostic interviews) with adolescents at risk. The screening procedure allowed us to analyse potential and actual risk factors and to divide the subjects into 4 groups depending on the seriousness of their psychological condition and the required support: two groups of adolescents with actual crisis state and two groups with aggressive behaviour and character accentuation. The second stage of the study consisted of 225 individual diagnostic interviews. We discuss the characteristics of the group of the adolescents with a pronounced inclination towards self-harm who require prolonged psychological and, in some cases, medical assistance. In conclusion, we highlight some important aspects and key components of screening and strategies of preventing suicidal and self-harm behavior among adolescent population.
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Ulyukin, I. M., V. N. Emel’yanov, V. N. Bolekhan, and E. S. Orlova. "AUTOAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG PERSONS." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12435.
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Modern trends in psychopathology are the increase in the number of patients who need psychiatric or psychological assistance, inadequate staffing of the mental health system, low psychological culture of the population, lack of a system of early detection of predisposition to psychopathology. The review is devoted to one of the unsolved problems - this is a problem of autoaggressive behavior, which manifests itself in self-blame, self-abuse, self-injury, suicide, self-destructive behavior (drunkenness, alcoholism, drug addiction, risky sexual behavior, choice of extreme sports, dangerous occupations, provoking behavior), and it is one of the most relevant in the field of mental health. The risk factors for self-harm, both in the clinical and in the conventionally normal population, are usually considered within two large groups: a) external (environmental or psychosocial factors and traumatic events), b) internal (personal) factors and their interaction. Although most of the self-harm observed in normative mental development in adolescence, adolescence and young age is preclinical and is nonincidental, suicidal intentions can’t be completely ruled out, which requires mandatory testing and clarification of the possible suicide risk in self-destructive behavior within the planned therapy and the selection of relevant targets psychological correction. Since the main contingent requiring registration and assistance is someone who has committed a suicidal attempt, the prevention of a repeated autoaggressive action is the main task of the work of specialists providing psychological and medical and social assistance in the post-suicide period
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Szabó, Katalin, and Bettina Pikó. "A táplálkozással kapcsolatos attitűdök, magatartás és információkeresés vizsgálata és összefüggése szociodemográfiai és pszichológiai változókkal serdülők körében." Orvosi Hetilap 159, no. 51 (December 2018): 2183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31194.
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Abstract: Introduction: Nutrition is one of the key factors in health maintainance. So developing appropriate eating habits is very important in adolescence. Dietary behaviour may be influenced by certain aspects of personality, e.g., self-efficacy, optimism/pessimism and self-control. Aim: We explored adolescents’ eating behaviour, attitudes, and information seeking, and their relationship with psychological and sociodemographic factors. Method: Participants were high school students (n = 277; 54% boys; mean age: 16 years; SD = 1.25). Our self-administered questionnaire contained items on sociodemographics, eating behaviour and attitudes, and information-seeking as well as three psychological scales. Results: We explored the main factors of behaviour (health-conscious, nonconscious, raw-based), attitudes (rejecting, ambivalent and accepting), and information-seeking (lay, professional, Internet) using factor analysis. Correlation analyses revealed adolescents’ nutrition-related behaviour and attitudes were rather health-conscious, but rejecting and ambivalence in their behaviour and attitudes appeared as well. Self-efficacy, self-control and optimism played a role not only in developing health-conscious behaviour and accepting attitude but also in avoiding the nonconscious behaviour and rejecting attitude. Health-conscious behaviour was associated with higher socioeconomic status and parents’ schooling but less with gender. Information-seeking was partly influenced by certain sociodemographics: professional resources were preferred by girls, students from grammar schools, and those with better school achievement. Conclusions: Our data draw attention to the extraordinary importance of mapping adolescent dietary habits; not only their behaviours but also attitudes and information-seeking. This life period is significant in terms of childhood nutrional socialization since youth’s decisions become more and more autonomous in this field as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(51): 2183–2192.
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Barzilay-Levkovitz, Shira, Dana Feldman, Avigal Snir, and Alan Apter. "Self Destructive and Self Harm Behavior in Adolescence — An Integration of Dynamic and Empirical Psychological Models." Adolescent Psychiatrye 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676611202040289.
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Saragih, Desi Christin, Heni Dwi Windarwati, and Ayut Merdikawati. "Are Personality Types Related to Cyberbullying Behavior Trends in Adolescents?" Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.3.2020.307-318.
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Adolescent growth and development is influenced by 2 factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors are factors that influence the fulfillment of developmental tasks originating from within the individual, both physical and psychological, while external factors are factors that influence the fulfillment of developmental tasks originating from outside the individual self. There are several examples of external factors, namely biological and physical environment, psychosocial and depression, family and cultural factors, and economic factors. Psychosocial factors involve psychological and social aspects. The social aspect can be done without having to face to face directly or can be done online using social media. the freedom of a person to use social media causes various abuses of social media, for example cyberbullying. Cyberbullying in adolescents is influenced by several factors, namely personality type, perception of the victim, the role of parent and child interaction. The research aims to determine the relationship of personality types with the tendency of cyberbullying behavior in adolescents. The study was conducted on 10th grade high school teenagers in Malang. The sample was 126 students with a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using Eysenck Personality Questionare and cyberbullying instruments. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. There is no significant relationship between personality types and the tendency of cyberbullying behavior in 10th grade teenagers in Malang with Asymp. Sig 0.128 or p-value> 𝞪 (0.05).
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Brown, Gregory Hippolyte, Lisa M. Brunelle, and Vikas Malhotra. "Tagging: Deviant behavior or adolescent rites of passage?" Culture & Psychology 23, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x16660852.
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Tagging is a category of graffiti defined as a stylized signature, monogram, word, or name marked on public and private physical spaces. It is an illegal action seen as a disfigurement to many communities, yet it remains a pre-occupation for adolescents worldwide. This theoretical article explores the hidden aspects of taggers and their subculture. We argue that tagging is a ritualistic act that is part of a psychological growth process suggestive of Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner’s research on traditional rites of passage practices. We use the developmental theories of Winnicott and Erikson to investigate how these rites of passage experiences are integrated into the adolescent tagger’s psyche. Graffiti writing gives taggers the freedom to discover different aspects of the self; a dynamic interaction with unconscious processes that mirror traditional rites of passage rituals.
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Azarova, Elena, Maria Vyshkvyrkina, Dmitriy Vorontsov, Elena Zinchenko, and Ekaterina Nemilova. "Cognitive Rigidity in Adolescence with a Tendency to Autoregressive Behavior Model." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807074.
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The history of studying autoaggressive behavior model and cognitive rigidity is quite extensive and diverse. Nevertheless, the relevance of studying the problem of autoaggression among adolescents has increased significantly in recent decades. Self-harming and self-destructive behavior has become a fashion trend among the younger generation. The aim of the research is studying of features cognitive rigidity in adolescence with a tendency to autoregressive behavior model. the study involved 65 students of secondary school aged 14-15 years (M=14,4; SD=0,8). The following methods were used: «Tendencies to deviant behavior» (A.N. Orel), The Stroop Color and Word Test, besides statistical techniques (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient). As the result of the research it was proved that adolescents who are prone to autoaggressive behavior model, the level of cognitive rigidity is higher, in comparison with adolescents who are not inclined to self-destructive behavior. There was also discovered a positive relationship between the degree of propensity for autoaggressive behavior model and the level of cognitive rigidity. The prospects of the research cover the study of the personal characteristics of children and parents, the styles of family education that contribute to the formation and development of cognitive rigidity, the tendency to auto-aggressive behavior. The results of the research can be used in the organization of psychological and pedagogical support of adolescents and their families.
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Krasnovа, Nataliia. "Psychological and Pedagogical Aspects of Age Dynamics of Social Competence of Adolescents and Young Adults of a Rural Institution of General Secondary Education." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 7 (338) (2020): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2020-7(338)-25-43.
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This article reveals the problem of age dynamics of social competence of adolescents and young adults in rural secondary education, due to trends in modern society, internationalization and globalization, economic transformation in the country, social reality and the main ideas of education reform; shows the need for the formation of social competence in students of rural educational institutions, which is associated with the need of young people for self-determination, the desire for self-affirmation, self-improvement; identified: the main indicators of social competence of the adolescent – responsibility; adequate self-esteem, consistent with the level of claims; formation of positive motivation for learning; possession of means of communication; formation of empathy, acceptance of social roles and high school students – adequate self-esteem; values of learning; formation of communicative skills; responsibility; formation of motivation to achieve and socially significant value orientations; self-esteem, self-acceptance, reflection; revealed the age dynamics of the formation of social competence of students by motivational (motives, needs, empathy, values of learning), cognitive (role flexibility, knowledge of personal characteristics, knowledge of norms and rules of interaction in society, goal setting), operational and behavioral, communication skills, possession of the means of organizing their behavior, social behavior skills), reflective (responsibility, self-esteem, social responsibility, conflict regulation, self-control, self-realization, adequate self-esteem, consistent with the level of claims) indicators.
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Bystrov, Anton. "Overview of prevailing types of victimal behavior among adolescents in secondary and special schools." HUMANITARIUM 41, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2019-41-1-17-26.
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The article presents the results of investigating the types of victimal behaviour among adolescents in special and secondary schools. The author reveals the concepts of victimisation and victimal behaviour. The researcher views victimhood as a set of human characteristics, due to a complex of social, psychological and biophysical conditions that contribute to the maladaptive style of person’s response, resulting in damage to his/her physical or emotional and mental health. The author draws a parallel between deviant and victimal behaviour. The paper demonstrates significance of this research issue for school psychological services and psychological and pedagogical support teams in connection with the widespread introduction of inclusive education for children with special educational needs, especially intellectual disabilities. The article clearly describes the research methods, i.e.: In order to study the characteristics of victimal behaviour of ways to overcome difficulties, the paper used the method of O. Andronnikova, the emotional state of adolescents was studied using the school anxiety test introduced by Phillips, as well as the Hand Test. The goal of the PDO technique (Lichko’s questionnaire, self-assessment forms of aggressive behaviour) was to identify the dependence of the type of victimal behaviour on the pathological personality characteristics. The research highlights the major types of victimal behaviour in adolescents with normotypical development and intellectual disabilities. The author substantiated the choice of adolescence as the most risky age for the manifestation of conflicts, bulling and stressful situations of frustration. The researcher notes the following types of behaviour in adolescents: uncritical, active, aggressive, initiative and passive ones. The paper also presents the gender aspect of the issue. According to the author, the results of the study will form the basis of a programme for the prevention of bulling and victimisation of adolescents in schools. The data obtained in the study will be used to further study the causes and characteristics of victimal behaviour, when considering it in connection with other parameters: with the level of anxiety, behaviour in intractable situations, with the manifestations of personality pathology.
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Richter, J., G. Richter, M. Eisemann, B. Seering, and M. Bartsch. "Depression, perceived parental rearing and self-acceptance." European Psychiatry 10, no. 6 (1995): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80310-5.
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SummaryPsychoanalytical, behavioural and cognitive theories assume a continuous process in the development of self-acceptance as an important psychological variable by parent-child interaction during childhood and adolescence. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between perceived parental rearing behaviour and self-acceptance in psychiatric inpatients. The results of extreme group comparisons pointed to the reciprocal discriminative power of parental rearing factors and self-acceptance scores, supporting the hypothesis of a continuous process in the development of self-acceptance and mood traits. Perceived parental rearing predicted aspects of psychopathology in adulthood. The effects of maternal and paternal behaviour appeared to be gender-specific. Alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.
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Rubtsova, O. V., A. S. Panfilova, and V. K. Smirnova. "Research on Relationship between Personality Traits and Online Behaviour in Adolescents (With VKontakte Social Media as an Example)." Психологическая наука и образование 23, no. 3 (2018): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2018230305.
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The paper presents and discusses outcomes of the first stage of a research project on the role of social media in the life of modern adolescents that was carried out on basis of the MSUPE Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Modern Childhood in 2015—2018. The issue of adolescents’ self-presentation in social media is one of the key trends in modern research, and in Russian psychological and pedagogical science there is clearly a lack of works on various aspects of adolescent online behaviour and interaction, in particular, in social media websites. The sample of our empirical study consisted of 88 individuals aged 15—18 years, and the following techniques were used: a modified version of A.Ye. Lichko’s character accentuations questionnaire; Stephenson’s Q-Sort technique; the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; the Tomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument; Eyesenck’s Self-Evaluation of Mental States technique; content analysis of VKontakte webpages. As it was revealed, personality traits of the adolescents were closely interrelated with the structure of their profiles in the VK website. For instance, numerous correlations were found between various parameters of personal webpages and such personality traits as character accentuations, interpersonal conflicts, preferred type of conflict behaviour, as well as with levels of anxiety, rigidity, aggression and frustration.
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Dutta, S. Era, Sriniwas Gupta, M. S. V. K. Raju, Abhishek Kumar, and Alka Pawar. "Platelet Serotonin Level and Impulsivity in Human Self-destructive Behavior: A Biological and Psychological Study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 08, no. 02 (April 2017): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_425_16.
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ABSTRACT Context: Suicide is a disease and a global public health problem. Suicidology has come to become a topic of study for intervention and research. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) system has remained a prime area of investigation. The neurons and platelets display structural and functional similarities. Ninety-nine percent of 5HT is contained in platelets, which shares similar 5HT uptake and release mechanisms with 5HT neurons. Aims: This study aims to study human self-destructive behavior (HSDB). Objectives: Exploring the biological (serotonin levels in platelets) and psychological aspects (impulsivity) of attempted suicide or HSDB. Settings and Design: Thirty-one patients, above the age of 18 years, with a recent history of HSDB, were studied and given an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis, after a detailed interview. Subjects and Methods: For the platelet 5HT estimation, blood samples were collected, and enzyme immunometric assay carried out. Detailed assessment of the impulsivity was done by the 25-item structured diagnostic interview for borderlines by Zanarini et al. Statistical Analysis Used: We obtained both categorical and continuous data. Chi-square test, Fisher's test, Student's t-test, and Pearson's product moment correlation were used. Results: Female subjects outnumbered males by 2:1. Major depression, adjustment disorder, personality disorder were predominant diagnoses. The mean platelet serotonin concentration for males = 57.3 ng/ml, that of females = 56.05 ng/ml (P > 0.05). Platelet 5HT levels were found to be negatively correlated with impulsivity scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Platelet serotonin levels in our study sample were quite low when compared with those reported in published literature. Low serotonin levels were inversely related to impulsivity, but only in males.
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Láng, András. "A machiavellizmus kapcsolata viselkedéses és pszichés problémákkal serdülőkorban." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 26 (June 2015): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30175.
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Introduction: Machiavellianism is a personality trait that is characterized by intense interpersonal manipulation in order to achieve personal material goals. Previous studies revealed a relationship between Machiavellianism and diverse forms of psychological difficulties in adults. Aim: Studies also revealed such relationships in adolescents as well, but studies investigating the relationship between Machiavellianism and psychological difficulties in adolescents are still absent in Hungary. Method: In this study 502 secondary school students (356 girls) filled out questionnaires that measured Machiavellianism and psychological and behavioral difficulties. Results: Machiavellianism was associated with higher total problem score. This resulted mainly from higher scores on scales measuring emotional and behavioral problems. Moreover, hyperactivity and lack of prosocial behavior were also associated with Machiavellianism. At the same time, Machiavellian adolescents did not differ in self-reported loneliness from their peers. Conclusions: The author discusses the results in the light of previous research and from the perspective of emotion and behavior regulation. Practical aspects of the results are also discussed in the context of prevention. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(26), 1054–1058.
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Winefield, Helen R., Anthony H. Winefield, and Marika Tiggemann. "Psychological Attributes of Young Adult Smokers." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3 (June 1992): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.675.
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To study the psychological aspects of cigarette-smoking in community adults, we examined longitudinal data from a sample of young people (from age 15 to 23 years). Questions on smoking behavior had been asked during the last five years of the study, and information on self-esteem, depressive affect, negative mood, hopelessness, psychological disturbance, locus of control, social alienation and health was also available. Current smokers in the last year of the study had differed from nonsmokers nine years previously by having more external locus of control and now were less likely to report their health as excellent. Most smokers also drank alcohol, but cigarette consumption did not differ for drinkers and nondrinkers. Contrary to expectations, current smokers showed no distinctive psychological attributes, and those who started of stopped smoking were similarly undistinctive in psychological terms. Results suggest that efforts to stress the self-destructive or antisocial nature of tobacco use have not been accepted by the smokers in this age group ( M = 23.6 yr.).
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Polskaya, N. A., and D. K. Yakubovskaya. "The Impact of Social Media Platforms on Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescents." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 27, no. 3 (2019): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270310.
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The paper provides a review of studies on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in online social networking. Content characteristics of online self-injury narrative are examined by focusing on such categories as hashtags, images, and comments. Negative and positive aspects of social networks’ impact on the risk of self-injury in adolescent are summarized. The presence of NSSI content online and the ability to communicate on issues relating to self-injury can either improve psychological well-being of the users by increasing their mood and self-acceptance, giving means to receive support from others and get information on mental health resources, or increase the person’s susceptibility to self-injuries by initiating their interest in this subject and reinforcing, and encouraging repeated self-harm. Therefore, mental health professionals are facing a global challenge: to create supportive and helpful online content, which implies the development of a new methodology, including language and terminology, that could integrate existing online discourse on self-injury and transform it from within.
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Y. Tarasova, Sofya. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BULLYING: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGGRESSIVENESS AND SCHOOL ANXIETY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 1061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.84101.
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Purpose of the study: Bullying is considered as a form of aggression. As opposed to accidental quarrel or fight, bullying is intentional aggressive behaviour demonstrated regularly. Aggressive actions that teenagers below the age of criminal responsibility take at school cause a public outcry. At the same time, developmental psychologists point out problems of self-esteem and forming self-concept typical of modern 5th and 6th graders. We analyze the relationship between the content of teenagers’ fears, anxiety and aggressiveness.
Methodology: The methodological basis of the research lies both in the concepts of the Buss-Perry psychology of aggression and the psychology of anxiety by А. M. Prikhozhan. Anxiety scale for schoolchildren aged 10—12. Buss-Perry method BPAQ. Perfectionism questionnaire – the Russian version of the АРS-R scale.
Principal Findings: We identified highly isolated students in each class. According to the data of participant observation and teachers’ expert evaluations, they become victims of aggressors as well as those of “observers” who take the position of passive aggressors. The “outcasts” are usually overanxious, demonstrate a high level of hostility and tend to be aggressive in their behaviour. There are good reasons to suppose that they’ll turn into aggressors in the future.
Applications of this study: We developed, tested and implemented a psychological support programme for adolescents and preadolescents. The psychological support programme is aimed at working with both victims and aggressors. Similarly essential is the work with “observers” who take the position of passive aggressors.
Novelty of this study: According to the results of the research, all members of a social group participate in bullying to different extents. Fears of bullies are related to confirmation of their relatively high status in the social group. Concerns of victims are connected with the financial position of their families.
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Pichikov, A. A., E. V. Volkova, Y. V. Popov, and Y. A. Yakovleva A. "Risk factors for eating disturbance in adolescent girls with dysregulation of the menstrual cycle." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2020-4-50-64.
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Summary. The article presents the results of eating behavior and personality traits study in a group of adolescent girls who consulted a gynecologist in connection with menstrual irregularities.The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for eating disturbance in adolescent girls with menstrual dysregulation.Materials and methods: were examined 75 adolescent girls with various disorders of the menstrual cycle (amenorrhea, opsooligomenorrhea, menorrhagia) and 25 girls of the control group. The characteristic features of eating disorders, the degree of dissatisfaction with one’s appearance, the level of self-esteem, various aspects of self-attitude, the severity of perfectionism and the level of anxiety were assessed. The main factors that determine the relationship between eating behavior and personal characteristics were identified using factor analysis. Risk factors for the development of the main symptoms of eating disorders (drive for thinness and bulimia) in adolescent girls were assessed using regression analysis.Results. It was found that girls with menstrual irregularities are more prone to episodes of overeating and the use of cleansing procedures, they have lower self-esteem and a more negative self-attitude. There were no significant differences in the girls’ assessment of their body image depending on the presence or absence of menstrual irregularities, as well as on the type of disturbances. This assessment in all cases had a tendency to negative perception of varying severity. Factor analysis of indicators of eating disturbances and personality traits in the study groups showed that eating disturbances in girls are closely associated with a negative attitude towards their bodies and with indicators of anxiety. Regression analysis identified indicators affecting drive for thinness and bulimic behavior that differed between groups.Conclusion. Eating behavior in adolescent girls is mediated through various psychological characteristics, including those associated with the features of the menstrual cycle.
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Mento, Carmela, Maria Catena Silvestri, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Amelia Rizzo, Laura Celebre, Martina Praticò, Rocco Antonio Zoccali, and Antonio Bruno. "Psychological Impact of Pro-Anorexia and Pro-Eating Disorder Websites on Adolescent Females: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042186.
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(1) Background: Teenagers (in particular, females) suffering from eating disorders report being not satisfied with their physical aspect and they often perceive their body image in a wrong way; they report an excessive use of websites, defined as PRO-ANA and PRO-MIA, that promote an ideal of thinness, providing advice and suggestions about how to obtain super slim bodies. (2) Aim: The aim of this review is to explore the psychological impact of pro-ana and pro-mia websites on female teenagers. (3) Methods: We have carried out a systematic review of the literature on PubMed. The search terms that have been used are: “Pro” AND “Ana” OR “Blogging” AND “Mia”. Initially, 161 publications were identified, but in total, in compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies have been analyzed. (4) Results: The recent scientific literature has identified a growing number of Pro Ana and Pro Mia blogs which play an important role in the etiology of anorexia and bulimia, above all in female teenagers. The feelings of discomfort and dissatisfaction with their physical aspect, therefore, reduce their self-esteem. (5) Conclusion: These websites encourage anorexic and bulimic behaviors, in particular in female teenagers. Attention to healthy eating guidelines and policies during adolescence, focused on correcting eating behavioral aspects, is very important to prevent severe forms of psychopathology with more vulnerability in the perception of body image, social desirability, and negative emotional feedback.
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Cordeiro, Pedro Miguel Gomes, Maria Paula Paixão, Willy Lens, Marlies Lacante, and Koen Luyckx. "Parenting Styles, Identity Development, and Adjustment in Career Transitions." Journal of Career Development 45, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316672742.
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Drawing from self-determination theory, this study examines how does perceived parenting and psychological needs relate to identity development and psychosocial adjustment in Portuguese 12th-grade students ( N = 462) who prepare the transition to higher education or to the job market. Path model results revealed two distinct pathways: a “growth-oriented pathway” from need-supporting parenting to integrated career exploration, commitment-making and well-being via need satisfaction and a “vulnerability” pathway from need-thwarting parenting to both diminished well-being and ill-being through need frustration. Findings suggest that perceived parental support is a protective factor, and parental thwarting a risk factor for career decision-making, but this relation is mediated by the adolescents’ subjective feelings of psychological need satisfaction and frustration. Altogether, they suggest the need to customize interventions with adolescents to address “bright” and “dark” trajectories of identity development and establish a supportive counseling climate that facilitates the exploration of different aspects of self-environment in career transition periods.
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Keeports, Christine R., and Laura D. Pittman. "I Wish My Parents Would Stop Arguing! The Impact of Interparental Conflict on Young Adults." Journal of Family Issues 38, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15613821.
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Research shows that interparental conflict is positively associated with internalizing behaviors in children and adolescents, but few have considered these associations among young adults. This study uses the cognitive-contextual framework to explore whether appraisals of threat and self-blame explain the expected associations between interparental conflict and internalizing symptoms in a sample of young adults. Perceptions of interparental conflict, appraisals of threat and self-blame, and two aspects of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety) were measured in 255 undergraduates (ages 18-21) at two Midwestern universities. Parallel mediation models demonstrated an indirect pathway through threat to depressive symptoms. In contrast, the indirect pathway through self-blame was supported when predicting anxiety. The importance of considering interparental conflict and its psychological consequences during young adulthood is discussed.
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Sari, Niken Yuniar, and Sri Maryuni. "Peningkatan harga diri melalui intervensi Cognitive behavioral therapy pada remaja korban bullying." Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan 13, no. 4 (January 9, 2020): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v13i4.1561.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy for bully‐victims among adolescents in Islamic school, IndonesiaBackground: Bullying is aggressive behavior, illegal, negative both physically and psychologically that is social environment and it was now are more prevalent in the education world. Sign of symptoms that by the bullying of them in the form of low self-esteem. On the sacrificial offering, health effort has never been bullying at the school health psychology as psychotherapy.Purpose: Effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy to bully‐victims in adolescents.Methods: The method of this study used case studies, with the amount of 21 respondents.Results: The results of this study showed that teenagers bullying victims to the girl who the majority of the age of 14 years old, there was increased in self-esteem especially on aspects of cognitive and behavior after giving nursing intervention and cognitive behavior therapy.Conclusion: The handling of this is cognitive behavior therapy that can be used as one of the preventive efforts of teenagers the bullying of low self-esteem.Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Bully‐Victims; Adolescents; Islamic SchoolPendahuluan: Bullying merupakan suatu perilaku agresif, ilegal, negatif baik secara fisik maupun psikis yang ada dilingkungan sosial dan saat ini lebih banyak terjadi di dunia pendidikan. Tanda gejala yang muncul akibat bullying diantaranya berupa harga diri rendah. Upaya kesehatan pada korban bullying disekolah belum bersifat kesehatan psikologi seperti psikoterapi.Tujuan: Hasil penanganan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tanda gejala harga diri remaja santri korban bullying setelah diberikan intervensi Cognitive Behaviour Therapy menggunakan penerapan teori stres adaptasi Stuart.Metode: Penanganan kasus ini menggunakan metode case study, dengan jumlah responden 21 orang.Hasil: Hasil penanganan kasus menunjukan bahwa remaja santri korban bullying dengan jenis kelamin perempuan yang sebagian besar berusia 14 tahun, terjadi peningkatan harga diri terutama pada aspek kognitif dan perilaku setelah diberikan tindakan keperawatan ners dan ners spesialis berupa Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Simpulan: Penanganan kasus ini berupa Cognitive Behavior Therapy dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya preventif remaja santri remaja korban bullying terjadinya harga diri rendah.
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Gurova, O. V. "VANDAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADOLESCENTS AS A LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM." Education and science journal 20, no. 10 (December 31, 2018): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2018-10-76-94.
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Introduction.In today’s world, a problem of vandalism has become rather widespread. Vandals damage monuments of cultural heritage, historic sights and other types of public space. A theoretical aspect of vandalism is registered in jurisprudence, which is guided principally by regulatory approach to the solution of questions of the violation of laws and recognised rules of human coexistence. However, focusing only on the application of administrative and criminal sanctions to those guilty of vandal offenses, does not allow reducing the excessive number of universal manifestations of vandalism, which have been increased recently, by avoiding psychological factors. Theaimsof the publication were the following: to actualise and discuss the problem of vandal behaviour among adolescents; to denote a problem field of psychological research, which is necessary for identifying genesis, vandal determination and further organisation of effective preventive activity in educational institutions.Methodology and research methods.The methodological basis of the research involved hermeneutic and dialectic approaches, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and synthesis of scientific data.Results and scientific novelty.The author attempted to interpret the problem of vandal behaviour of adolescents from the point of view of interdisciplinary understanding. The author highlighted the need for a detailed psychological analysis of the phenomenon under study, its causes and predictors for the formation of adequate measures to reduce the spread of vandalism in the public space. The contradictions in the psychological theory, educational practice and consciousness of society were revealed: between the widespread occurrence of acts of vandal behaviour and the limited methods and means to prevent it; between the mass involvement of adolescents in vandalism and the lack of specialised age-based programmes to correct vandal behaviour; between the prevalence of unauthorized graphic activity of schoolchildren and other forms of vandal behaviour in the educational environment and the reluctance of teachers and administration of educational institutions to recognise this as a noteworthy problem; between the social significance of determination of lawful and effective punishment (in terms of prevention) and insufficient attention to personal reasons that encourage a person to commit or not to commit vandal acts; between common scientific interest in the individual psychological and socio-typological features of adolescents committing vandalism and inadequate attention to the socio-psychological motivational determinants, initiating and forming the readiness to commit vandal actions. The outlined discrepancies allowed the author to plan a general trajectory of the required research, in which the phenomenon of vandalism has to be considered in the context of realisation of personal subjectivity.Practical significance. It is known that small forms of vandal behaviour can be transformed to heavier types of destructive behaviour, right up to antisocial ones. Nevertheless, the ambiguous perception of vandal acts in society and scientific community, lack of a clear boundary in understanding of acceptability or unacceptability of kinds of this phenomenon is interfered with creation of effective model of counteraction of its expansion. On the one hand, the designated direction of scientific search can generate knowledge of essence of such deviant behaviour as vandalism, and, on the other hand, vandalism has the practice-focused importance as it can establish the foundation for the development of approaches of educational influence, which prevent the manifestations of vandalism.
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Bulygina, V. G., A. S. Berezkin, T. N. Kozlov, and A. P. Makurina. "Psychological, clinical and social characteristics of patients implementing different types of aggression in the hospital (gender aspect)." Psychology and Law 5, no. 3 (2015): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2015050304.
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Results of the comparative analysis of clinical, social and psycho-pathological predictors of violations of the regime requirements, physical and verbal aggression among mentally ill women and men during the compulsory treatment are presented. It is revealed that the type of aggression in women sample significantly more frequently associated with clinical and social and pathopsychological characteristics: emotional unstable stew, learned in childhood and adolescence behavioral model of aggression and the severity of hostility and suspicion; the inertia of mental processes combined with low level of the cognitive functioning and a violation of insight in a broad sense. Among men – with the emotional and personal deformation, which were revealed before the beginning of illness, the decline in cognitive functioning and undeveloped links in the regulation of behavior, high level of aggressiveness in communication, internal conflict combined with the rigidity of self-concept. The authors concluded that assessment of risk factors from hospital-acquired aggression is an independent psycho-diagnostic work that needs to be provided with special tools, aimed whilst on the study of individual psychological characteristics of the regulation of behavior, strategies coping, communication installations and the treats of the aggression, as well as subjective ratings of social functioning in the hospital.
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Ustilaitė, Stasė, and Alina Petrauskienė. "Sexual Education of Adolescents with Moderate Intellectual Disability in Family: Experience of Mothers." Pedagogika 129, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2018.07.
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The article analyses the aspects of sexual education of adolescents with a moderate intellectual disability in the family and the needs for the realisation of the role of mothers as educators. The experiences of mothers are revealed in order to understand the experiences of mothers, reactions towards the sexual maturation of the adolescents, educational efforts in the family, the search for assistance. The answers to the following problematic questions are sought: What experiences, which are related to the sexual maturation of the adolescents and sexual education in the family, do mothers experience? What are the efforts and assistance search of mothers as sexuality educators in the family? 8 mothers, who are bringing up children with a moderate intellect disability, participated in the study. To collect the data, the method of focus group discussion was employed, qualitative content analysis was used for the data analysis. Sexual education of the adolescents with a moderate intellectual disability in the family cause discomfort and inconvenience to the mothers, they experience doubts, confusion, a burden, when performing the role of a sexual educator. Their efforts, at the time of the initiation educational conversations on such themes as the dignity of a girl, the maintenance of sexual, romantic, love relationships, childbearing and parental responsibilities with the adolescent in a family environment, are cautious and unassertive. The needs for psychological and educational preparedness of the mothers to perform the role of a sexual educator are revealed: the understanding of personal reactions to the sexual maturation of the adolescents and seksual behavior, the acquisition of confidence to develop social and self-expression skills of the adolescents with a disability, value-related attitudes regarding family ethics, a man and a woman love, friendship, family relationships. The perspective of social assistance for the mothers is related to the expansion of the possibilities for their self-realization, professional career, leisure time and relief and the promotion of the participation of their family in community activities.
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Boykina, E. E., and R. V. Chirkina. "Social ostracism: current state of the problem, methodology and research methods." Psychology and Law 10, no. 1 (2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2020100114.
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The problem of overcoming the risks and factors that generate destructive (anti-social, delinquent, auto-destructive, etc.) behavior of minors and youth is relevant for juvenile legal psychology and requires the construction of effective research models. The article considers the phenomenon of ostracism as one of the significant predictors of destructive behavior. According to K. D. Williams` ostracism model in a situation of ostracism, one or more basic needs of an individual are threatened: control, self-esteem (the level of self-esteem decreases), belonging and meaningful existence That, in the end, can determine radical reactions in the ostracized: autoagression, displaced aggression, the decision to join extremist organizations or cults, and other acts of anti-social behavior. This fact served as an impetus for a large number of studies in this area and mediated the creation of its own methodological base, applicable exclusively to the study of the phenomenon of social ostracism (ignoring, exclusion, rejection). The article attempts to systematize the methodology of studying the phenomenon of social ostracism: research methods are considered not only from the position of the object (target) of ostracism, but also the subject (source) and observer (vicar ostracism); descriptions of experimental schemes are carried out. The article is of interest to researchers who study the psychological aspects of ignoring, rejecting, and / or excluding, as well as to methodologists.
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Sánchez-Miguel, Pedro Antonio, Mikel Vaquero-Solís, David Sánchez-Oliva, Juan J. Pulido, Miguel A. López-Gajardo, and Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano. "Promoting Healthy Lifestyle through Basic Psychological Needs in Inactive Adolescents: A Protocol Study from Self-Determination Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155893.
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity is an important health problem worldwide. It was shown that physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth individuals. However, few children and adolescents meet the World Health Organization recommendations about physical activity levels. The need to start promoting regular physical activity from an early age is crucial to avoid these problems. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to show a school-based motivational program for the promotion of healthy lifestyle in inactive adolescents grounded on Self-Determination Theory aimed at promoting physical activity adherence. The study is a quasi-experimental study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03974607) aimed for adolescents from the 1st and 2nd high school level aged between 12 and 14 years old. The program will be based on the promotion of the three basics psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. The satisfaction of these needs is essential to fulfill the self-determined motivation and psychological well-being. The length of the sessions are 60 min, 3 times per week, during 5 months. The sessions will be based on the participants’ interests. Finally, this protocol will intend to change the perception of physical activity programs in order to focus the strategies on the motivational aspects, rather than physical activity itself as was usually conducted by previous programs
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Jara, Natalia, Jose A. Casas, and Rosario Ortega-Ruiz. "Proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying: The role of values." International Journal of Educational Psychology 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2017.2515.
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The study of violence and bullying in schools is a line of scientific research that has contributed significantly to knowledge on human aggressiveness, especially in children and adolescents. This article shows that there are two patterns of aggressive behavior: proactive and reactive. Both are present in bullying, as are other psychological aspects pertaining to the individuals involved, such as basic personality traits, self-esteem and values. This study links both proactive and reactive behavioral patterns to involvement and non-involvement in school bullying. The results reveal that basic personality traits, such as neuroticism, have a direct impact on proactive and reactive bullying, as do the social and individual dimensions of self-esteem and social and moral values. These findings confirm that variables relating to personal and social values are, in turn, related to proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying for those involved and not involved in bullying. However, they also highlight that while aggressors engage in more proactive aggressive behavior, reactive aggression is more frequent among victims.
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Pellicciari, A., E. Di Pietro, L. Sacrato, L. Iero, and E. Franzoni. "Reconsidering food avoidance emotional disorder through discussion of four cases." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72432-4.
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ObjectivesThe Authors investigate the conceptualization of a group of patients with the same clinical and psychological patterns, affected by eating disturbances arisen during the age of latency.MethodsFour cases are presented and discussed. Each subject was diagnosed as Food Avoidance Emotional Disorder (FAED).ResultsThe described subjects present some of the typical features of eating disorders of adolescence. Moreover, regressive aspects, obligingness, dichotomyc behaviors and thoughts were noticed. The Authors observed that parental expectations and needs were transmitted to their sons.ConclusionsThrough the refusal of food the dochotomyc and fearful thoughts are crystallized. The child cannot comprehend the existence of a false Self built on the Other's expectations. The Authors believe that FAED can be a precursor of Anorexia nervosa in the affected children, who show a less organized cognitive structure due to their young age.
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Prokofieva, Olesia, Olga Prokofieva, and Bogdan Smirnov. "THE FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES IN ADOLESCENCE." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.1.7.
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The article considers the features of coping strategies in adolescence. The article aim is to study and analyze adolescents’ coping strategies and the coping features characteristic for delinquent adolescents. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to analyze the peculiarities of coping behavior in adolescence and to determine its connection with behavioral disorders, to identify life situations especially difficult for adolescents, to identify leading coping strategies in adolescents and to conduct comparative analysis of coping strategies used by delinquent adolescents and adolescents with normative behavior. The authors analyzed maladaptive coping strategies: confrontation strategy, escape-avoidance strategy, distancing strategy; as well as adaptive coping strategies: positive reassessment, self-control and responsibility, social support and planning. Overcoming difficult life situations requires mobilization of personal resources, which is manifested in coping strategies. Their features largely depend on personal characteristics, life experience and situational factors that determine the individual uniqueness of mastering strategies. Among the variety of coping strategies, there are emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping. The coping strategies that focus on problem solving, seeking social support and avoidance are basic. The authors conducted the study with two groups of adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior and found that adolescents with normative behavior, unlike delinquents, were not prone to aggressive efforts and risks in solving difficult situations. At the same time, delinquent adolescents were characterized by maladaptive coping strategies. Copings are aimed at adapting a person to the requirements of a situation, mitigating its requirements, avoiding or getting used to them. In general, it reduces the impact of a difficult situation, ensures and maintains an individual’s physical and mental health, well-being, and satisfaction with social relations. The obtained results indicate that adolescents with normative behavior in difficult life situations are more active in making arbitrary, problem-focused efforts to change the situation; they make more efforts to analyze ways to solve the problem than delinquent adolescents. Adolescents with normative behavior are prone to: planning, positive reassessment, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and also have a low level of stress in copings. Delinquents clearly have a tendency to the maladaptive “avoiding problem” strategy. They are prone to confrontation, avoidance, detonation. Delinquent adolescents experience more difficult situations. The coping system of adolescents with delinquent behavior is more intense, which indicates that they experience higher levels of stress. In adolescence, coping behavior is actively formed and is a prerequisite for psychological well-being. It aims to improve adolescents’ adaptation and is manifested through a set of coping strategies. The studied causes of delinquent behavior show that they are closely related to coping strategies. When delinquency is development, maladaptive behavioral patterns are formed that prevent adequate coping with stressful situations. This is confirmed by the data obtained during the study. A comparison of coping strategies of the studied groups shows a qualitative difference in the structure of coping in difficult life situations for adolescents with normative and delinquent behavior. The data obtained will expand the understanding of the causes underlying adolescents’ destructive behavior. The authors’ study is of practical importance, its results can be used by psychologists and social educators to identify ways to optimize mental development of all adolescents and adolescents with delinquent behavior, in particular through the purposeful formation of more effective coping strategies.
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Ronen, T. "Applied Positive Psychology Therapy (APPT): Empowerment Instead of “curing”." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70567-x.
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The founders of Positive Psychology promoted the study of the "positive end" of human functioning such as happiness, strengths, virtues etc". One of the major findings of a decade of research on the positive side of human behavior, cognitions and emotions is that the positive aspects are qualitatively different from the negative aspects on a number of dimensions (e.g., negative emotions occur automatically whereas one has to be active in order to produce positive emotions). Hence, we propose a new approach to psychotherapy that is based on current conceptualization of positive psychology: Applied Positive Psychology Therapy (APPT). It is a meta theory for a therapeutic approach based n positive psychology principles. More specifically, APPT is based on the following assumptions:1.The long range goals of most human beings are to feel good and be psychologically satisfied.2.Failures to materialize these goals are not a function of deep seated pathologies but lack of skills or knowledge how to materialize these goals.3.The goal of therapy is not to cure clients from their pathologies (i.e., the "causes" of their anxieties, phobia, or aggression) but to train them in self-control skills and other skills that would enable them to achieve psychological well being in the most effective way and in harmony with their long range goals.In the present paper I will bring two examples how APPT is practiced with aggressive adolescents and marital difficulties. In both cases clients are told to define the most essential goals of their lives and how they can master their strengths and skills in order to regain their basic life goals. In contrast to the prevailing disease model of psychological problems, APPT is based on a psych-educational model.
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B. Beregovaya, Elena, Olga B. Ushakova, Marina A. Antonova, Liubov G. Pak, Elvira R. Saitbaeva, Mickhail K. Musafirov, Marina V. Olinder, and Oksana E. Savenko. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL DIRECTIONS OF INTEGRATIVE PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR ADOLESCENT CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ADAPTATION." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (October 8, 2019): 1120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74152.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the article is to substantiate the features of organizational and methodical directions of the programs’ complex for creative development and social adaptation of modern adolescents in difficult situations.
Methodology: The study is based on the analysis of somatic and psychological changes taking place in the process of becoming a teenager, which are reflected in the biological, mental and cognitive processes. The identified components determined the grounds for the development of the structure and mechanisms of childhood social risk management.
Results: It is shown that the understanding of somatic and psychological changes occurring in the process of a teenager formation, which is reflected in the biological, mental, cognitive processes, is the basis for the development of the structure and mechanisms for childhood social risks’ management in the course of an integrative program of any profile. Organizational aspects of preparation and carrying out of actions within such programs are defined. Provisions defining immanent social teaching and educational effects, including prevention of the deviant behavior, increase of educational results’ level, growth of teenagers’ cognitive interest to self-development and self-education, increase of teenagers’ motivation to active and initiative inclusion in development of the program content are allocated. The scientific-methodical and pedagogical experience of the organization of exit integrative programs, the use of pedagogical strategies of which allows achieving positive dynamics of teenagers’ creative development trajectory and social adaptation is briefly described.
Applications of this study: Suggested by the author's program increases the growth of teenagers’ cognitive interest to self-development and self-education, increases the teenagers’ motivation and may be used by psychologists and teachers in educational system of all levels.
Novelty/Originality of this study: It is proved that the understanding of somatic, cognitive, social changes in the process of a teenager’s formation and compliance with certain organizational rules of activities that take into account the specifics of this age period, increase the motivation of adolescents, their involvement in the development of the program’s content, stimulate the growth of cognitive interest of adolescents to self-development and self-education.
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Bree, Marianne B. M. van den, Frances Rice, Tom A. Fowler, Katherine H. Shelton, Kate J. Lifford, Jane Scourfield, Gordon T. Harold, and Anita Thapar. "The Cardiff Study of All Wales and North West of England Twins (CaStANET): A Longitudinal Research Program of Child and Adolescent Development." Twin Research and Human Genetics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.10.1.13.
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AbstractThe study of twins and their families provides a highly useful tool for disentangling the genetic and environmental origins of traits. The Cardiff Study of All Wales and North West of England Twins (CaStANET) has followed children and adolescents over time into early adulthood, assessing a wide range of aspects of behavior and psychopathology using self-, parent and teacher reports. Four main waves of data collection have taken place to date, which have provided a wealth of information on the contributions of genetic and environmental risk factors to the psychological health of young people. This article first describes the CaStANET register and subsequently presents some of the findings that have emerged from this resource, with a focus on depression and anxiety, chronic fatigue, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems and prosocial behavior. We describe in somewhat more detail the 4th wave of data collection, which has recently been completed and has provided us with extensive information on substance use and problem use as well as associated risk factors in the twins and their families, including longitudinal data on conduct problems and the relations between family members. Because of the wealth of data already collected and the opportunity for genetically informative analyses over time, CaStANET provides a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of the psychological development of young people.
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Miller, Gregory E., Tianyi Yu, Edith Chen, and Gene H. Brody. "Self-control forecasts better psychosocial outcomes but faster epigenetic aging in low-SES youth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (July 13, 2015): 10325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505063112.
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There are persistent socioeconomic disparities in many aspects of child development in America. Relative to their affluent peers, children of low socioeconomic status (SES) complete fewer years of education, have a higher prevalence of health problems, and are convicted of more criminal offenses. Based on research indicating that low self-control underlies some of these disparities, policymakers have begun incorporating character-skills training into school curricula and social services. However, emerging data suggest that for low-SES youth, self-control may act as a “double-edged sword,” facilitating academic success and psychosocial adjustment, while at the same time undermining physical health. Here, we examine this hypothesis in a five-wave study of 292 African American teenagers from rural Georgia. From ages 17 to 20 y, we assessed SES and self-control annually, along with depressive symptoms, substance use, aggressive behavior, and internalizing problems. At age 22 y, we obtained DNA methylation profiles of subjects’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data were used to measure epigenetic aging, a methylation-derived biomarker reflecting the disparity between biological and chronological aging. Among high-SES youth, better mid-adolescent self-control presaged favorable psychological and methylation outcomes. However, among low-SES youth, self-control had divergent associations with these outcomes. Self-control forecasted lower rates of depressive symptoms, substance use, aggressive behavior, and internalizing problems but faster epigenetic aging. These patterns suggest that for low-SES youth, resilience is a “skin-deep” phenomenon, wherein outward indicators of success can mask emerging problems with health. These findings have conceptual implications for models of resilience, and practical implications for interventions aimed at ameliorating social and racial disparities.
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Kislyakov, P. A., I. L. S. Meyerson, and P. A. Egorova. "Indicators of psychological stability of the individual to sociocultural threats and negative information impact." Vestnik of Minin University 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26795/2307-1281-2020-8-2-11.
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Introduction. The article analyzes the problem of psychological stability of the individual to socio-cultural threats and negative information impact. As social problems become more acute, the topic of personal security and resistance to emerging threats and risks takes an increasing place in the scientific literature. Today we can observe various violations of the processes of socio-cultural identification, which reduce the adaptive potential of the individual. The reverse side of accessibility in the global information environment is an increase in the degree of danger, the emergence of new risk factors and threats of information and psychological impact. Of particular concern are the facts of Russian youth joining terrorist groups, as well as the facts of youth involvement in destructive protest movements and actions.Materials and methods. The following methods were used for the preparation of this article; theoretical analysis of Russian and international literature, study of scientific articles and publications on the topic, overview of results from Russian and international studies, content analysis.Results. Approaches to determining the content of the category of psychological stability of a person and its various aspects are considered: emotional stability, moral stability, moral stability, stability of behavior forms, resistance to addictive factors, and socio-cultural stability. Identify invariant indicators that determine the psychological stability of the individual in various contexts of countering socio-cultural threats and negative information impact: socio-cultural identity based on views, beliefs, attitudes consistent with moral norms and spiritual values; motivation of the individual to self-actualization, success, openness and commitment to society; subjective well-being and resilience; critical thinking and the ability to predict risks and threats; possession of constructive coping strategies; adaptive personal potential expressed in mastering self-regulation methods that ensure successful adaptation to a changing socio-cultural environment.Discussion and Conclusions. The conducted theoretical research allowed us to conclude that the psychological stability of a person is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, which is revealed in the moral, socio-psychological and system-activity perspective. It is concluded that the task of forming psychological stability and personal adaptive potential should be updated in the educational system, including the formation of knowledge about oneself as a person, about their psychological capabilities and mechanisms of self-regulation, and the explanation of moral norms and values.
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Алексеенко, Кирилл Петрович. "SPECIFICITY OF THE MORAL SPHERE OF DEVIANT AND ORDINARY ADOLESCENTS." Pedagogical Review, no. 4(38) (August 9, 2021): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2021-4-199-209.
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Рассматривается духовно-нравственная сфера подростков с девиантным и социально-нормативным поведением с точки зрения их представлений о совести. Отмечается важность изучения духовно-нравственных аспектов личности в пубертатный период, когда происходит формирование системы внутренних жизненных ценностей и представлений о себе. В результате исследования были выделены девять основных смысловых единиц представлений о совести для исследуемой выборки, таких как: совесть как нравственное отношение к поступку; совесть как субъект нравственного воспитания; совесть как жизненный путеводитель; совесть как позитивный феномен; совесть как негативный феномен; совесть как регуляторно-волевой механизм; совесть как механизм нравственного сознания; совесть как юридический механизм; совесть как коммуникативная функция. The article examines the moral sphere of deviant and ordinary adolescents from the point of view of their ideas about conscience. The importance of studying the moral aspects of personality in puberty is noted, when a system of internal life values and ideas about oneself is being formed. Conscience is described as a psychological mechanism of morality and its mechanism is the moral regulation of human behavior. As a result of the study, nine basic semantic units of ideas about conscience for the studied sample were identified, such as: conscience as a moral attitude to an act; conscience as a subject of moral education; conscience as a life guide; conscience as a positive phenomenon; conscience as a negative phenomenon; conscience as a regulatory and volitional mechanism; conscience as a mechanism of moral consciousness; conscience as a legal mechanism; conscience as a communicative function. In the study we found that deviant adolescents are less focused on moral prohibitions and their lifestyle is characterized by a struggle between positive and negative influences. For ordinary adolescents, their inner selves seem worthy, interesting, and colorful; they are more likely to raise their (future) children as conscientious people. The social context for adolescents considered as an important foundation on the basis on which an internal system life values and self-image, is formed. However, the social context is considered as one of the determining factors of the specifics of the formation of ideas about conscience, deviant and socio-normative behavior of deviant and ordinary adolescents.
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Savchenko, Olena. "THE MODEL OF PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AS A COMPLEX PHENOMENON." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.12.7.
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Increasing number and frequency of threatening factors that occur in the world raises the issue of the necessity to study psychological security as a complex phenomenon that combines a number of components, determines human behavior in uncertain and threatening situations. The article analyzes the main approaches to the study of personality`s psychological security as a separate psychological phenomenon: 1) the study of the behavior of the safe type of personality; 2) the analysis of security as a characteristic of the environment where an individual grows and interacts; 3) axiological approach broadcasting of the safe living values; 4) a comprehensive psychological approach. The authors propose to consider the personality`s psychological security as a complex personal formation that combines motivational, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components that ensure the resilience of an individual to environmental factors, the optimal level of their functioning and the integrated type of interaction with the world, other individuals, themselves. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of personality`s psychological security, to analyze its internal structure. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach. The following diagnostic methods were used in the study: the method "Diagnosis of the degree of basis needs satisfaction" (V. Skvorczov, modification by I. Akindinova), "Scale of basic beliefs" (R. Janoff-Bulman, adaptation by O. Kravczova), test-questionnaire "Sensitivity to threats" (V. Maralov, E. Maly`sheva, O. Nifontova, E. Perchenko, I. Tabunov), test-questionnaire "Identifying of the ways of responding to situations of danger" (V. Maralov, E. Maly`sheva, O. Smirnova, E. Perchenko, I. Tabunov). The study has been conducted on the sample of 43 university students in Kyiv (Ukraine). A proposed conceptual model of personality`s psychological security combines 4 components: 1) the need for security (motivational component); 2) beliefs about the security of the world and one's own ability to interact constructively with others (cognitive component); 3) experiencing one's own security (emotional component); 4) readiness to activate self-defense tactics in the threatening situation (behavioral component). The use of factor analysis (Principal components method, Varimax normalized rotation procedure) has allowed to identify 3 independent factors that explain 68.6% of the total variance. The following components have been identified: motivational-cognitive, emotional-behavioral (constructive), destructive behavioral component that confirms the importance of behavioral aspects of psychological security, which reflect the means of human interaction with the world and other people in situations of real or imagined threat. The results of the application of correlation analysis have revealed the independence of the three components of personality`s psychological security. A general indicator that reflects the development level of psychological security as a complex phenomenon has been introduced. Students who demonstrate a high level of psychological security have the following characteristics: adequate satisfaction of the need for security, positive beliefs about the goodness of the world and the reliability of others, high sensitivity to threats, they often use adequate or uncertain means of responding to threats, try to avoid the anxious and ignoring behavioral strategies in threatening situations.