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Journal articles on the topic 'Self-discrepancy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Moretti, Marlene M., and E. Tory Higgins. "Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem: The contribution of discrepancy beyond actual-self ratings." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 26, no. 2 (March 1990): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(90)90071-s.

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2

Cornette, Michelle M., Timothy J. Strauman, Lyn Y. Abramson, and Andrew M. Busch. "Self-discrepancy and suicidal ideation." Cognition & Emotion 23, no. 3 (April 2009): 504–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802012005.

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3

Higgins, E. Tory. "Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect." Psychological Review 94, no. 3 (1987): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319.

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Hadi, Muhammad Abdul, and Banyu Wicaksono. "Understanding the Dynamics of Self-discrepancy Formation of Self-injurious Adolescents: A Case Study of Self-injury." Psychological Research and Intervention 3, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pri.v3i2.41383.

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How the self-discrepancy of self-injurious adolescents was formed is yet to be understood clearly. Several studies have clearly stated that self-discrepancy contributes to propel adolescents to injure themselves. This study attempted to understand the dynamics of self-discrepancy formation in the sample of late adolescents who self-injure. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method and case study approach to examine this phenomenon. Data were obtained from six participants, using an open-ended questionnaire, which asks about how self-discrepancy in the participants was formed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes that indicate how self-discrepancy was formed. The result showed that ten significant themes emerge in the self-discrepancy formation of self-injurious adolescents. Two factors contribute to form self-discrepancy among adolescents who self-injure: external dan internal. These factors are achieved from the familial and social interaction that are perceived negatively by the participants. Based on the results of this study, self-discrepancies in adolescent self-injurers should be considered when intervening in self-injurious adolescents.

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Mason, Tyler B., Kathryn E. Smith, Allison Engwall, Alisson Lass, Michael Mead, Morgan Sorby, Kayla Bjorlie, Timothy J. Strauman, and Stephen Wonderlich. "Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology." Psychological Bulletin 145, no. 4 (April 2019): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000186.

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Wolfe, Wendy L., and Stephen A. Maisto. "The effect of self-discrepancy and discrepancy salience on alcohol consumption." Addictive Behaviors 25, no. 2 (March 2000): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00122-1.

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7

Veale, David, Peter Kinderman, Susan Riley, and Christina Lambrou. "Self-discrepancy in body dysmorphic disorder." British Journal of Clinical Psychology 42, no. 2 (June 2003): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466503321903571.

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8

Adamczewski, Boris. "Symbolic discrepancy and self-similar dynamics." Annales de l’institut Fourier 54, no. 7 (2004): 2201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/aif.2079.

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Li, Shuainan, Chee Wei Phang, and Hong Ling. "Self-gratification and self-discrepancy in purchase of digital items." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 8 (September 9, 2019): 1608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-10-2018-0434.

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Purpose While previous research underscored self-presentation desire as an important motivator of digital item purchase, user needs for digital items may become increasingly inner-focused with the maturation of virtual communities (VCs). The purpose of this paper is to posit that self-discrepancy and self-gratification are key to explaining user purchase of digital items. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 310 users of a social media-based VC well supports the hypotheses. Findings The tenet of this study is that individuals purchase digital items in VCs not only for self-presentation purpose per se, but more importantly for reasons of more inner-focused, such as due to their self-discrepancy that motivates them to purchase digital items to enhance self-esteem, and also for self-gratification. Furthermore, self-discrepancy arising from comparing ones’ current self against how they perceive others expect them to ideally be (i.e. self-other discrepancy) increases their self-presentation desire. Originality/value Overall the findings enrich the current view that individuals purchase digital items mainly to present themselves to others (Kim et al., 2012), thus affording a more complete understanding of this behavior that has both important research and practical implications.

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Calogero, Rachel M., and Neill Watson. "Self-discrepancy and chronic social self-consciousness: Unique and interactive effects of gender and real–ought discrepancy." Personality and Individual Differences 46, no. 5-6 (April 2009): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.008.

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11

Dong, Eunsoo, and Eunjung Kim. "Mediation effects of Actual-Ought Self-Discrepancy and Maladaptive Self-focused Attention." Society for Cognitive Enhancement and Intervention 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21197/jcei.14.4.7.

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Objective: The present study investigated whether actual-ought self-discrepancy and maladaptive self-focused attention would mediate the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety among college students. Methods: Two hundred and twenty college students were asked to complete an online survey questionnaire to assess actual-ought self-discrepancy, maladaptive self-focused attention, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and social anxiety. The responses from the 220 students were used for the final analysis. Results: The results were as follows: First, maladaptive self-focused attention mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Second, actual-ought self-discrepancy has not statistically significantly mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Finally, the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety was sequentially mediated by actual-ought self-discrepancy and maladaptive self-focused attention. Conclusions: The results suggest the need for an approach to mediators such as actual-ought self-discrepancy or maladaptive self-focused attention in therapeutic intervention for a person who has socially-prescribed perfectionism.

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12

Ahn, Jee Young, and Kyung-Eun Kim. "Analysis of Korean Research Trends on Self-Discrepancy." Korea Association of Yeolin Education 31, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18230/tjye.2023.31.3.1.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean research trends on self-discrepancy and related variables and systematically analyze the relationship between self-discrepancy and related variables. Through this, the study aims to propose more effective mental health interventions in education and counseling practices. For this study, 197 papers from major Korean academic databases from 1987 to the first half of 2022 were analyzed using the keyword “self-discrepancy”. The research results were examined by year, subject, research method, measurement tool, and type of self-discrepancy. The following are the results. First, the number of papers has steadily increased by year, and there has been a steep increase over the past 10 years. Second, regarding research participants, the proportion of adults exceeded half, and the proportion of children and adolescents was relatively small. Third, regarding research methods, the proportion of quantitative research was overwhelmingly high, and path analysis and regression analysis were the most commonly used methods of analysis. Fourth, the Selves Questionnaire developed by Higgins et al. (1985) and reconstructed by Seo (1996) was the most frequently used measurement tool for self-discrepancy. Fifth, regarding research design, the highest percentage of research designed self-discrepancy as an independent variable. Sixth, of the six types of self-discrepancy suggested by Higgins (1987), over 90% of the studies used only one or two types of self-discrepancy, with the actual/own versus ideal/own discrepancy type being the most frequently used. Seventh, the differential association between self-discrepancy type and depression and anxiety presented by Higgins' (1987) theory did not show a unified result. Based on the analysis results of this study, suggestions for variables, measurement tools, and methods to consider for future studies applying the concept of self-discrepancy and implications that can be applied to counseling and education were proposed.

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13

Rogers, Mary K., and Francis J. Kelly. "Study of Ideal-Self Discrepancy and Observed Social Behaviors in a Therapeutic Community." Psychological Reports 64, no. 2 (April 1989): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.2.495.

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This descriptive study explored relations between ideal self-discrepancy (often referred to as self-esteem or self-concept) and behaviors observed in 27 residents of a therapeutic community for polydrug users. The Sliding Person Test (SPERT), an abstract, nonverbal measure of self-reported, ideal self-discrepancy was administered three times a week, for seven consecutive weeks to 27 subjects after regularly scheduled group meetings. Data were charted on graphs to reveal fluctuations of ideal self-discrepancy and incidences of observed, documented changes in behavior. Analysis suggests the instrument detects some changes in ideal self-discrepancy congruent with transitional behaviors. In more than half of the cases, fluctuation of 25% or more in discrepancy between ideal self-concept and at-the-moment self-concept was directly related to an observed change in behavior or residents' transition in the hierarchy of the program's structure. Implications for validity and reliability issues concerning measures of ideal-self-discrepancy are briefly discussed.

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Xiao, Jiongen, Chunyu Li, and Ling Peng. "Cross-cultural effects of self-discrepancy on the consumption of counterfeit branded luxuries." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 30, no. 4 (September 10, 2018): 972–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-12-2017-0341.

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PurposeConsumers’ motivations for purchasing counterfeit branded luxuries are a topic of heated discussion amongst academics and practitioners. Drawing on self-discrepancy theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of actual-ideal self-discrepancy on consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeit branded luxuries. It investigates how self-monitoring and perceived social risk moderate this effect. Furthermore, it explores cross-cultural differences in the impact of actual-ideal self-discrepancy.Design/methodology/approachA pilot study provides preliminary evidence that highlights the importance of actual-ideal self-discrepancy in counterfeit consumption. Based upon a large-scale survey across Hong Kong, the USA and Australia, the principal study explores the moderating effect of self-monitoring and perceived social risk as well as cross-cultural differences.FindingsThe results indicate that self-discrepancy increases consumers’ tendency to engage in symbolic consumption, and that consumption of counterfeit branded luxuries can serve the social function of self-expression to reduce the discomfort induced by self-discrepancy. Self-monitoring and perceived social risk have significant moderating effects, with the former strengthening and the latter attenuating this effect. Moreover, the effect of self-discrepancy is more pronounced amongst individualistic consumers than collectivistic consumers.Originality/valueThis is the first study to highlight the significance of self-discrepancy in the consumption of counterfeit branded luxuries. It examines the important moderating effects of self-monitoring and perceived social risk. Consumers from collectivistic and individualistic cultures define their self-concept differently, thus the findings provide meaningful cross-cultural information on the impact of self-discrepancy in counterfeit consumption.

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15

Jung, Jaehee, Sharron J. Lennon, and Nancy A. Rudd. "Self-Schema or Self-Discrepancy? Which Best Explains Body Image?" Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 19, no. 4 (September 2001): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x0101900403.

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16

Sinha, Nila, Jessica Mesmer-Magnus, and Chockalingam Viswesvaran. "Personality Antecedents of Self-Other Rating Discrepancy." Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones 28, no. 1 (2012): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5093/tr2012a1.

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17

Hull, Jay G., Nora P. Reilly, and Louis C. Ennis. "Self-consciousness, role discrepancy, and depressive affect." Anxiety Research 2, no. 3 (January 1990): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08917779008249336.

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18

Aalayi, Z., and T. Ahmadi Gatab. "The predicting well_being in social disorder based on self_discrepancy." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72570-6.

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Introduction and objectivesThe paper aimed to study the relationship between self discrepancy and well-being in subjects suffering from social phobia. Previous research reveals that patients suffering from social phobia report a lower well-being and that self discrepancy have a positive correlation with well-being. So the question is which kind of self discrepancy decreases well-being through increasing social phobia.MethodsTo carry out this research 250 subjects were randomly selected based on Liebowitz’ s social phobia test given to a great number of university students. Subjects were asked to answer the tests on two domains of well-being and self discrepancy at the same time.ResultsThe results showed that “actualundesired” and “actualought” self discrepancy have more considerable effects on well-being respectively. Also, the direct effect of self discrepancy on well-being is more than the direct one.ConclusionsThese finding can be significant in treating social phobia and promoting well-being.

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19

Nikfarjam, Masoud, Elham-Sadat Salehi, and Ali Ahmadi. "The relationship of religious attitude with self-control andself-discrepancy in students." Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 21, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2019.25.

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Background and Aim: Spiritual attitude is one of the factors affecting mental health of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of religious attitudes with self-control and self-discrepancy (S-D) in students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS) in 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 328 students of the SKUMS were studied. The participants completed Tangney Self-control Survey, Higgins Self-discrepancy Questionnaire, a religious attitude questionnaire, and a checklist of demographic information. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way ANOVA were used. Stata software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean values of religious attitude, self-control, and self-discrepancy were higher in women in comparison with men (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference between self-control religious beliefs, actual-self minus actual-self (S-D2), and self-discrepancy in terms of total monthly income of all family members (P< 0.05). Academic discipline was significantly associated with religious attitude, ideal-self minus actual-self (S-D1), S-D2, and S-D (P< 0.05), but self-control difference was not significant (P= 0.84). There was a linear relationship, significant correlation of religious attitude with the mean values of self-control, required self, actual-self, idea-self, self-discrepancy, and S-D1 and S-D2 (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, religious attitude was associated with self-control, self-discrepancy, and their dimensions.

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Yenisca Juniar and Eni Nuraeni Nugrahawati. "Self Discrepancy pada Roleplayer K-Pop pada Komunitas Entertaiment ‘X’ di Twitter." Jurnal Riset Psikologi 1, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jrp.v1i1.89.

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Abstract. Roleplay is defined as an activity where someone parodies their idol. A roleplayer plays a character of his own. In this game everyone does not know the real identity of each, so someone must make their own character. In this community there are several players who use male sex characters even though in the real world he is a woman. Most of them are aged 18-24 years with jobs as students and private employees. Roleplayer in this study has been playing in this community for more than five years and the original self is very different from the virtual self. In these conditions, there is a mismatch of perceptions between Actual Self, Ideal Self, Ought Self and Virtual Self, this is referred to as Self Discrepancy (Higgins, 2000). This research uses descriptive analysis method to find out how Self Discrepancy in K-Pop Rollayer in the Entertiment Community 'x'. The measurement tool uses a questionnaire (SDQ) Self Discrepancies Quitionnaire on 28 roleplay players. The results showed that as many as 64.2% of subjects experienced high self discrepancy and 30% did not experience self discrepancy. Abstrak. Roleplay diartikan sebagai kegiatan dimana seseorang memparodikan idola mereka. Seorang roleplayer ada yang memainkan karakter buatannya sendiri. Dalam permainan tersebut setiap orang tidak mengetahui identitas asli masing-masing, sehingga seseorang harus membuat karakternya sendiri. Pada komunitas ini terdapat beberapa pemain yang menggunakan karakter berjenis kelamin laki-laki padahal di dunia nyata ia seorang perempuan. Kebanyakan dari mereka berusia 18-24 tahun dengan pekerjaan sebagai mahasiswa dan pegawai swasta. Roleplayer pada penelitian ini telah bermain di komunitas ini lebih dari lima tahun dan diri asli yang sangat berbeda dengan diri virtualnya. Dalam kondisi tersebut terjadi ketidakcocokan persepsi antara Actual Self, Ideal Self, Ought Self dan Virtual Self, hal ini disebut sebagai Self Discrepancy (Higgins, 2000). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui bagaimana Self Discrepancy pada Roleplayer K-Pop di komunitas Entertaiment ‘x’. Alat ukurnya menggunakan kuisioner (SDQ) Self Discrepancies Quitionnaire pada 28 pemain roleplay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 64.2% subjek mengalami self discrepancy tinggi dan 30% tidak mengalami self discrepancy.

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Johns, Adam, and Lorna Peters. "Self-Discrepancies and the Situational Domains of Social Phobia." Behaviour Change 29, no. 2 (June 2012): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.1.

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The present study explored whether particular discrepancies among an individual's self-beliefs, as described by Higgins’ (1987) Self-Discrepancy Theory, were differentially related to the two broad situational domains of social anxiety: performance and social interaction anxiety. Fifteen people (4 males) with a primary diagnosis of GSP from Macquarie University's Emotional Health Clinic, and 25 undergraduate psychology students from Macquarie University (8 males) with mean chronological ages of 31.7 and 20.6 years respectively, participated in the study. As predicted, the study found that the ‘actual/other:ought/other’ self-discrepancy was uniquely related to performance anxiety, the ‘actual/own:ought/other’ self-discrepancy was uniquely associated with social interaction anxiety, and the ‘actual/own:ideal/own’ self-discrepancy was uniquely associated with depression. The results are discussed in terms of their unique contribution to Self-Discrepancy Theory research, the current empirical debate regarding the existence of subtypes within social phobia, and their implications for the cognitive models and treatment of social anxiety.

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Sandoval, Lucas, Ligia Orellana, Berta Schnettler, Leonor Riquelme-Segura, José Sepúlveda, and Karol Reutter. "Links between heteronormativity dimensions and life satisfaction in Chilean lesbian, gay and bisexual university students." Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología 56 (2024): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2024.v56.4.

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Introduction: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can hold heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, which comprise assumptions regarding gender essentialism and men and women’s expected behaviours in relationships. In this population, adherence to heteronormativity may increase a sense of discrepancy between the “current” and the “ought” self. This self-discrepancy, in turn, has a negative impact on life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between two dimensions of heteronormativity –gender essentialism and normative behaviours– and life satisfaction, both directly and mediated by self-discrepancy. Method: A sample of 232 LGB university students in Southern Chile answered an online questionnaire that included the Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, the Self-Discrepancy Index, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Structural equation models were performed to test these relationships. Results: Gender essentialism and normative behaviour were negatively and positively associated with life satisfaction, respectively. Likewise, self-discrepancy was negatively linked to life satisfaction. The analysis showed no evidence for the mediating role of self-discrepancy in this model. Conclusion: LGB university students can adhere to different dimensions of heteronormativity, which in turn may relate differentially to life satisfaction.

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Ben-Artzi, Elisheva, and Yair Amichai Hamburger. "Private Self-Consciousness Subscales: Correlates with Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Self-Discrepancy." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 21, no. 1 (September 2001): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ll2e-5rfh-45fj-hxl7.

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ITO, Minako. "STUDY OF IDEAL-REAL DISCREPANCY AND SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS REGULATING SELF-ACCEPTANCE." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 40, no. 2 (1992): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.40.2_164.

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Fujii, Tsutomu, Takafumi Sawaumi, and Atsushi Aikawa. "Discrepancy between explicit/implicit self-esteem and narcissism." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS 21, no. 3 (2014): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4092/jsre.21.162.

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Luna-Arocas, Roberto. "Self-discrepancy and impulse buying: an exploratory study." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 11, no. 2 (March 2008): 240–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-11-02-2008-b005.

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Rummell, Christina M., and Ronald F. Levant. "Masculine gender role discrepancy strain and self-esteem." Psychology of Men & Masculinity 15, no. 4 (October 2014): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035304.

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Rose, Elizabeth, and Dawne Larkin. "Perceived Competence, Discrepancy Scores, and Global Self-Worth." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 19, no. 2 (April 2002): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.19.2.127.

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According to Harter (1985a), global self-worth (GSW) can be predicted from the relationship between perceptions of competence and importance ratings. In this study, we employed Harter’s (1985b) Importance Rating Scale (IRS) and Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) to examine importance ratings, discrepancy scores, and domain-specific perceptions of competence as predictors of GSW. Children (N = 130, 62 boys and 68 girls) aged 8-12 years were categorized into high (HMC; n = 62) and low motor coordination (LMC; n = 68) groups according to their scores on a motor proficiency battery (McCarron, 1982). Regression analyses using domain-specific perceptions of competence, importance, and discrepancy scores confirmed that self-perception ratings were the best predictors of GSW. For both groups, perceptions of physical appearance, social acceptance, and behavioral conduct contributed significantly to prediction of GSW. By contrast, perceived athletic competence increased prediction of GSW for the HMC group but not the LMC group.

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Lilliston, Lawrence, and Denise G. Klein. "A self-discrepancy reduction model of religious coping." Journal of Clinical Psychology 47, no. 6 (November 1991): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6<854::aid-jclp2270470617>3.0.co;2-h.

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Lee, Kyue Won, and Eun Young Park. "The Influence of Parental Psychological Control on Social Anxiety among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Self-Discrepancy and Validation from Others." STRESS 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.1.45.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of parental psychological control on social anxiety among college students and to understand the mediating effect of self-discrepancy and validation from others between them.Methods: The participants were 351 college students from Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do who responded to a survey. And structural equation model was used to analyze the data.Results: First, there was no mediating effect of self-discrepancy between parental psychological control and social anxiety. Second, there was a significant mediating effect of validation from others between them. Finally, self-discrepancy and validation from others were found to sequentially mediate between parental psychological control and social anxiety.Conclusions: This findings suggest that self-discrepancy and validation from others could be used as a therapeutic strategy in treatments.

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Conijn, Judith M., Wilco H. M. Emons, Bethan F. Page, Klaas Sijtsma, Willem Van der Does, Ingrid V. E. Carlier, and Erik J. Giltay. "Response Inconsistency of Patient-Reported Symptoms as a Predictor of Discrepancy Between Patient and Clinician-Reported Depression Severity." Assessment 25, no. 7 (September 14, 2016): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116666949.

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The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which discrepancy between self-reported and clinician-rated severity of depression are due to inconsistent self-reports. Response inconsistency threatens the validity of the test score. We used data from a large sample of outpatients ( N = 5,959) who completed the self-report Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) and the clinician-rated Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). We used item response theory based person-fit analysis to quantify the inconsistency of the self-report item scores. Inconsistency was weakly positively related to patient–clinician discrepancy (i.e., higher BDI-II scores relative to MADRS scores). The mediating effect of response inconsistency in the relationship between discrepancy and demographic (e.g., ethnic origin) and clinical variables (e.g., cognitive problems) was negligible. The small direct and mediating effects of response inconsistency suggest that inaccurate patient self-reports are not a major cause of patient–clinician discrepancy in outpatient samples. Future research should investigate the role of clinician biases in explaining clinician–patient discrepancy.

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Zhu, Linna, and Lan Wang. "Narrowing ideal self-discrepancy: the roles of organizational career management and protean career orientation." Career Development International 27, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 222–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-06-2021-0148.

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PurposeThis study investigated the joint impact of organizational and individual career management on employees' ideal self-discrepancy. Drawing on the identity literature, the authors aimed to uncover the mechanism and boundary condition of this impact, focusing on how organizations influence ideal and actual selves of employees with different protean career orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a four-wave time-lagged study over eight months, with a sample of 331 employees from various organizations.FindingsPerceived organizational career management negatively influenced ideal self-discrepancy via organizational identification, and such relationship was strengthened by protean career orientation. Employees with stronger protean career orientation saw a stronger moderating effect of individual career management on the relationship between organizational identification and ideal self-discrepancy, whereas their counterparts saw an opposite effect.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted the essential role of organization in narrowing employees' ideal self-discrepancy in the protean career era. It suggested that organizations should set differentiated career practices depending on employees' protean career orientation levels.Originality/valueBy integrating vocational psychology and organizational scholarship, this study extended the ideal self-discrepancy literature by offering a nuanced understanding of the mechanism and boundary condition of the role of organizational career management in narrowing ideal self-discrepancy in the protean career era. It identified the joint efforts of organization and employee as a fascinating avenue for future studies.

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Yu, Da-hyeon, and Jee-yon Lee. "The Effect of self-discrepancy on Materialism: Mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation and Face Sensitivity." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 7 (April 15, 2024): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.7.129.

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Objectives This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of negative evaluation and face sensitivity in the relationship between self-discrepancy by college students and materialism. Methods From December 4, 2023 to December 15, 2023, 369 male and female college students who voluntarily participated in the study collected survey data on variables related to self-discrepancy, fear of negative evaluation, face sensitivity, and materialism. after collected survey data, descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis were performed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 28.0 programs, and bootstrapping was performed to verify the significance of indirect effects. Results The main research finding were as follow: First, self-discrepancy, fear of negative evaluation, face sensitivity, and materialism showed positive correlation. Second, the partial mediating effect of face sensitivity was confirmed in the relationship between self-discrepancy and materialism. Third, the double mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation and face sensitivity was confirmed in the relationship between self-discrepancy and materialism. Conclusions This study can be used to help understand of the process in which college students who highly perceive self-discrepancy experience materialism and by revealing the internal mechanisms of fear of negative evaluation and face sensitivity that mediate this relationship, presented evidence to organize counseling goals and programs for a client who have complain of pain due to highly materialism.

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Hong, Ryan Y., Widyasari Triyono, and Pearlyn S. Ong. "When Being Discrepant from One's Ideal or Ought Selves Hurts: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism." European Journal of Personality 27, no. 3 (May 2013): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1888.

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Self–discrepancy theory posits that people experience emotional consequences when they perceive discrepancies between their actual and possible selves. However, the extent to which people react emotionally to these self–discrepancies (i.e. ideal, ought and undesired) may be a function of individual differences in neuroticism. Across both experimental (Study 1; N = 155) and correlational designs (Study 2; N = 139) involving college students, the authors demonstrated that neuroticism moderated the discrepancy–emotion associations such that high–neuroticism individuals showed elevated depression and anxiety symptoms when their self–discrepancies were activated. The heightened symptoms were maintained over time. Negative repetitive thoughts (i.e. rumination and worry) were examined as potential mediating mechanisms between the discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and symptoms. Partial support was obtained in that rumination mediated between undesired discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and anxious/depressive symptoms. Implications and possible theoretical extensions for self–discrepancy theory are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Phillips, Jean M., John R. Hollenbeck, and Daniel R. Ilgen. "Prevalence and prediction of positive discrepancy creation: Examining a discrepancy between two self-regulation theories." Journal of Applied Psychology 81, no. 5 (1996): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.5.498.

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Mustillo, Sarah A., Kimber L. Hendrix, and Markus H. Schafer. "Trajectories of Body Mass and Self-Concept in Black and White Girls." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 53, no. 1 (March 2012): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511419205.

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As a stigmatizing condition, obesity may lead to the internalization of devalued labels and threats to self-concept. Modified labeling theory suggests that the effects of stigma may outlive direct manifestations of the discredited characteristic itself. This article considers whether obesity’s effects on self-concept linger when obese youth enter the normal body mass range. Using longitudinal data from the National Growth and Health Study on 2,206 black and white girls, we estimated a parallel-process growth mixture model of body mass linked to growth models of body image discrepancy and self-esteem. We found that discrepancy was higher and self-esteem lower in formerly obese girls compared to girls always in the normal range and comparable to chronically obese girls. Neither body image discrepancy nor self-esteem rebounded in white girls despite reduction in body mass, suggesting that the effects of stigma linger. Self-esteem, but not discrepancy, did rebound in black girls.

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Benedetto, Loredana, Stefania Macidonio, and Massimo Ingrassia. "Well-Being and Perfectionism: Assessing the Mediational Role of Self-Compassion in Emerging Adults." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 14, no. 5 (May 15, 2024): 1383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14050091.

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The study explores how different dimensions of perfectionism influence psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. Literature has deepened the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism (e.g., excessive self-criticism, perceived discrepancy from the standards) and low PWB. Less is known about whether and how adaptive perfectionism (e.g., pursuing personal standards) relates to PWB. Secondly, the study has investigated whether self-compassion (i.e., self-benevolence, seeing personal imperfections as a common condition) may mediate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and PWB. Participants (N = 217, 18–35 y. o.) completed self-report questionnaires measuring: adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, APS-R: high standards and order/discrepancy, respectively), PWB, and self-compassion (SCS). Adaptive perfectionism was associated with PWB, particularly a higher presence of purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. Conversely, discrepancy resulted in the most robust predictor of low PWB (β = −0.68), followed by high standards with a positive direction (β = 0.23; Rc2 = 0.514, p < 0.001). A strong negative association emerged between discrepancy and SCS (r = −0.67, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis shows that self-compassion has an indirect effect, reducing the strength of the relationship between discrepancy and low PWB. Results suggest focusing on self-compassion as a buffer factor that reduces the negative impact of maladaptive perfectionism on psychological well-being. Implications for education and health psychology are discussed.

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Peretti, Peter O., and Patrick O'Connor. "EFFECTS OF INCONGRUENCE BETWEEN THE PERCEIVED SELF AND THE IDEAL SELF ON EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF STRIPTEASERS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.1.81.

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Self-evaluations are made with reference to the perceived self and the ideal self. In the present research, an attempt was made to determine the extent to which low or high selfdiscrepancy between the perceived self and ideal self of stripteasers affected their emotional stability. It examined the possibility of low or high levels of emotional stability based on the degree of the discrepancy. Results indicated the emotional stability variables and the effect of the different levels of self-discrepancy on them.

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Hyejin Woo, Yongjun Sung, 이규연, 이지혜, 박지윤, and Hyuna Tak. "The Relationship between Self-Esteem Discrepancy and Conspicuous Self-Expression on SNS." Korean Journal of Consumer and Advertising Psychology 18, no. 3 (August 2017): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21074/kjlcap.2017.18.3.365.

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Barnett, Michael D., and Palee M. Womack. "Fearing, not loving, the reflection: Narcissism, self-esteem, and self-discrepancy theory." Personality and Individual Differences 74 (February 2015): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.032.

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Sohn, harim, Tae-Yoon Aum, Hyun-Joo Oh, and Donggwi Lee. "Classification of Food Craving and Self-regulation Types in Early Adult Women: A Latent Profile Analysis." Jounral of Educational Therapist 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35185/kjet.16.1.11.

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This study investigated latent profiles of food cravings and levels of self-regulation among early adult women in Korea(N=248). Latent profile analysis revealed four profiles: 1) 'lack of regulation group,' 2) 'average group,' 3) 'self-regulation group,' and 4) 'self-discrepancy group.' The majority belonged to the average group (58.5%), characterized by generally adaptive patterns. The self-regulation group exhibited high self-regulation and low food craving levels. Conversely, the group with a lack of regulation demonstrated low self-regulation, high food craving, elevated negative affect and external eating, indicating maladaptive characteristics. The self-discrepancy group displayed low levels of self-discipline and nonimpulsive action regarding behavior control, high levels of food craving and healthy habits and reliability, with the highest levels of emotional eating and restraint eating. Higher socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with the self-discrepancy or lack of regulation group rather than the self-regulation group. Implications and limitations are discussed.

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Beattie, Stuart, Lew Hardy, and Tim Woodman. "Precompetition Self-Confidence: The Role of the Self." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 26, no. 3 (September 2004): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.26.3.427.

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Higgins’ (1987) self-discrepancy theory holds that certain emotions occur as a result of discrepancies between pairs of psychological entities called self-guides. The present study explored self-discrepancies in self-confidence in relation to performance and cognitive anxiety. Slalom canoeists (n = 81) reported ideal, ought, and feared levels of self-confidence 3 hours before a national ranking slalom tournament. Within a half-hour of the start of the race, canoeists reported their actual self-confidence and cognitive anxiety levels. Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that self-discrepancies predicted significantly more performance variance than actual self-confidence alone. Additionally, hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that, contrary to the specific predictions of self-discrepancy theory, ideal and feared discrepancies (not “ought” and “feared” discrepancies) significantly predicted cognitive anxiety. Additional findings, implications, and directions for further research into the nature of the self in sport are discussed.

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Jin, Seung-A. Annie. "Self-Discrepancy and Regulatory Fit in Avatar-Based Exergames." Psychological Reports 111, no. 3 (December 2012): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.07.21.pr0.111.6.697-710.

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Drawing from Higgins's self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory, this study examined the use of activated selves and regulatory foci in health games. Utilizing the Wii's® avatar-creating and exergaming features, a 2 (activated self: actual self versus ideal self) × 2 (regulatory focus: promotion versus prevention) × 2 (efficacy appeals: self-efficacy versus response-efficacy) between-subjects experiment tested the interactions of activated selves, regulatory foci, and efficacy appeals on low-calorie dieting intentions after health game playing. Results from an experiment with 156 participants demonstrated that a fit between regulatory focus and efficacy appeals induced greater dieting intentions when the actual self was activated while the opposite effect occurred when the ideal self was activated. Theoretical contributions to basic and applied social psychology as well as managerial implications for consumer behavior research are considered.

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Oshio, Atsushi, Takuro Nishino, and Toshihiko Hayamizu. "Implicit and Explicit Self-esteem Discrepancy and Assumed Competence." Japanese Journal of Personality 17, no. 3 (2009): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2132/personality.17.250.

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Garcia, Luis T., and Robert Hoskins. "Actual-Ideal Self Discrepancy and Sexual Esteem and Depression." Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 13, no. 2 (May 24, 2002): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j056v13n02_04.

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Riggle, Ellen, and Amanda Gouws. "Political tolerance in South Africa: self-discrepancy and change." Politikon 30, no. 1 (May 2003): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0258934032000147273.

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Croucher, Stephen M., Jeffrey W. Kassing, and Audra R. Diers-Lawson. "Accuracy, Coherence, and Discrepancy in Self- and Other-Reports." Management Communication Quarterly 27, no. 3 (February 13, 2013): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318913476142.

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Brown, Christina M., and Allen R. McConnell. "Discrepancy-based and anticipated emotions in behavioral self-regulation." Emotion 11, no. 5 (2011): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021756.

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Sakai, Tomoaki, Takahiro Nakano, Kosho Kasuga, and Kazuo Oguri. "Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Objectively Measured Physical Activity." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487364.33271.ec.

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Orellana, Ligia, Klaus G. Grunert, José Sepúlveda, Germán Lobos, Marianela Denegri, Horacio Miranda, Cristian Adasme-Berríos, et al. "Dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in male university students." Eating Behaviors 21 (April 2016): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.01.005.

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