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1

Rosen, Jeffrey A. Noncognitive skills in the classroom: New perspectives on educational research. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, 2010.

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2

Martin, Jeffrey J. Self-Efficacy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0023.

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Self-efficacy theory is one of the most researched topics in sport psychology. This chapter defines self-efficacy and provides an overview of the antecedents and outcomes of strong and weak self-efficacy. An overview of self-efficacy-based research in disability sport is also provided. Correlational work has demonstrated that athletes with strong self-efficacy, relative to athletes with weaker efficacy, have stronger psychological skills, less anxiety, more positive affect, and less negative affect and receive more social support from significant others. Imagery and self-talk are also related to self-efficacy providing theoretical support for these two antecedents. Athletes with strong training self-efficacy also tend to have strong performance self-efficacy. Research examining self-efficacy for pain management and the challenges of training is advocated as well as longitudinal research and intervention work. Similarly, work examining disability and disability sport–specific antecedents and outcomes of efficacy is called for, as is research into coach, team, and referee self-efficacy.
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3

College Student Self-Efficacy Research Studies. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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4

Martin, Jeffrey J. Self-Efficacy Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0034.

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Self-efficacy, a task-, time-, and situation-specific form of self-confidence, is an important cognition that often drives behavior, provided people possess the physical capabilities and value the behavior in question. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview self-efficacy theory by discussing the common antecedents, correlates, and outcomes of self-efficacy. Examples specific to disability and exercise are also offered to illustrate empirical findings. Research using self-efficacy to examine physical activity (PA) is then reviewed and summarized, along with noting the limitations of the empirical literature. For instance, various forms of self-efficacy such as scheduling, task, exercise, self-regulatory, and wheelchair efficacy have been linked to PA engagement and predicted small to substantial amounts of variance. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research, such as investigating whether all of the six self-efficacy antecedents are related to self-efficacy, and how a particular disability type might moderate relationships among self-efficacy antecedents, self-efficacy, and exercise.
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5

Self Efficacy in Nursing: Research and Measurement Perspectives. Springer Publishing, 2002.

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6

Maddux, James E. Self-Efficacy, Adaptation, and Adjustment: Theory, Research, And Application. Springer, 2013.

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7

E, Maddux James, ed. Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

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8

Rand, Kevin L. Hope, Self-Efficacy, and Optimism. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.4.

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This chapter reviews the conceptual similarities and differences among Snyder’s (1994) hope, Carver and Scheier’s optimism, and Bandura’s self-efficacy. Unlike optimism, hope is focused on beliefs about the self. Unlike self-efficacy, hope is a generalized belief and involves the determination to achieve one’s goals. This chapter also reviews the existing empirical literature, which shows that hope, optimism, and self-efficacy are structurally distinct and differentially related to important life outcomes, including psychological adjustment, coping, and goal-directed performance. The chapter concludes with a discussion of further research needed to clarify the causal relationships among hope, optimism, and self-efficacy and to differentiate hope from other positive psychology constructs.
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9

Self - Efficacy in Sport: Research and strategies for working with athletes, teams, and coaches. Human Kinetics Publishers, 2007.

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10

Feltz, Deborah L., Sandra Short, and Philip Sullivan. Self-Efficacy in Sport: Research and Strategies for Working with Athletes, Teams, and Coaches. Human Kinetics, 2007.

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11

Self-Efficacy, Adaptation, and Adjustment: Theory, Research, and Application (The Springer Series in Social/Clinical Psychology). Springer, 1995.

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12

Peterson, Carol, Emily M. Pisetsky, and Caroline E. Haut. Self-Help and Stepped Care Treatments for Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.19.

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This chapter provides an overview of self-help and guided self-help treatments for eating disorders as well as stepped care models for treatment delivery. Empirical evidence suggests that although guided self-help approaches may have relatively higher efficacy and retention rates than self-help treatment, data from comparison trials are inconsistent. Robust treatment predictors, moderators, and mediators have not been identified other than rapid response as a predictor of outcome for cognitive-behavioral guided self-help, which may be useful in informing stepped care treatment. Stepped care models have received some empirical support and, in addition to potentially reducing treatment costs, may enhance efficacy by providing individuals who are not responsive to initial treatments with alternative or adjunctive interventions. Research using adaptive and tailored designs for treatment is needed to improve treatment efficacy and dissemination. Further research is needed in cost-efficacy, implementation, clinician training models, and patient preferences and acceptability.
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13

Health and empowerment: Research and practice. London: Arnold, 1998.

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14

Ruehlman, Linda, and Marian Wilson. Enhancing Pain Self-Management via Internet-Based Technology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0015.

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This chapter focuses on internet-based pain self-management (IPSM) training for adults with chronic pain. Due to space limitations, it does not address programs directed toward children or adolescents or the burgeoning research on mobile technologies. The chapter discusses various definitions of self-management (SM) and proposes an organizing framework for the concept of SM. It examines barriers to traditional face-to-face pain SM training and the role of Internet-based training as a partial solution to the lack of care options for many. It does not reiterate the numerous excellent reviews of the efficacy of online pain SM programs. Those reviews provide support for the continued development and testing of such programs. The chapter’s focus is on the identification of strengths and weaknesses of extant technologies with an eye toward future improvements. The review of 27 IPSM programs reveals a number of important substantive and methodological issues.
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15

Williams, J. Mark G. Depression. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780192627254.003.0011.

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Chapter 11 summarizes some of the ways in which psychological theory has contributed to the understanding of depression and how best to treat it. The nature of depression is outlined, along with the learning theory and social skills approach, self-control theory, cognitive theory and therapy of depression, evaluating the efficacy of cognitive therapy, the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program, the prevention of relapse and recurrence, and mechanisms of change.
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16

Martin, Jeffrey J. Handbook of Disability Sport and Exercise Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.001.0001.

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This book seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the research done in sport and exercise psychology with individuals with disabilities. Research from diverse academic disciplines such as psychology, medicine, health, recreation, kinesiology, sociology and disability studies is reviewed. In the first part of the book, covering 5 chapters, philosophy of science issues, models of disability, how to conduct quality research, research controversies, and living with a disability are explored. In a second section on sport psychology, covering 19 chapters, diverse topics such as self-efficacy, athletic and superchip identities, motivation, self-esteem, peer relationships, sport retirement, coaching, and performance enhancement are covered. In the last part on exercise psychology, covering 16 chapters, a range of topic such as obesity and fitness, exercise barriers, body image, quality of life, physical education, wounded warriors, intellectual impairments, and gender issues are discussed. All chapters conclude with extensive directions for new avenues of research and exploration.
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17

Miller, Laura J. Psychological, Behavioral, and Cognitive Changes During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Edited by Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.002.

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Becoming pregnant and giving birth can lead to considerable psychological, behavioral, and cognitive transformation. The nature and scope of change varies a great deal from woman to woman. This chapter summarizes qualitative and quantitative research on normal psychological adaptation to pregnancy, including recognition and acceptance of the pregnant state, experience of the boundary between self and fetus, and body image changes. It reviews research on internal representations of the fetus and fetal and neonatal attachment. Perinatal changes in stress reactivity and coping style are reviewed. The chapter explains the influence of women’s prenatal expectations about labor and delivery on subsequent experiences and reactions and describes normative postpartum mood reactivity. Perinatal effects on sleep, physical activity, sexual activity, and eating patterns are described. Controversies about the effects of pregnancy on cognition are examined. The chapter also covers topics related to the transition to motherhood, including influences on maternal self-esteem and self-efficacy.
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18

Blashill, Aaron J., Janna R. Gordon, Matthew J. Mimiaga, and Steven A. Safren. HIV/AIDS and Depression. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.010.

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Depression is highly prevalent among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Depression not only affects quality of life for this population but also confers significant barriers to optimizing self-care behaviors, which are essential to medical care. Two of the most important HIV/AIDS care behaviors are medication adherence and safe sex practices; inadequacy in both can be associated with depression. Depression among those living with HIV/AIDS also is associated with substance abuse, which in turn predicts poor self-care. Importantly, there has recently been an emphasis on creating and testing integrative psychosocial interventions that address depression and self-care behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS. These combination treatments have displayed initial efficacy and appear to be efficient in addressing multiple health behaviors. This chapter briefly reviews the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and salient biological outcomes in the context of depression. It then discusses the role of depression and self-care behaviors and it concludes with a review of interventions and future research priorities.
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19

Martin, Jeffrey J. Body Image. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0037.

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It has often been wrongly assumed that people with disabilities have poor body image. The purpose of this chapter is to review the body image research involving individuals with impairments and investigating if they are dissatisfied with their appearance. People with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, blindness, and amputations are all very different, and their impairments are likely to differ in many other respects that can play a role in body image self-perceptions. The lack of unanimity across the research reviewed here suggests that disability type, disability severity, visibility, duration, congenital versus acquired factors, age, gender, ethnicity, social support, and self-efficacy are all important considerations that can moderate and mediate the link between disability and body image. Researchers are urged to use theory to guide their research and to consider nontraditional approaches to the study of body image. For instance, researchers studying positive body image understand that this does not comprise simply the absence of negative body image cognitions and have examined the role of body appreciation and body acceptance.
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20

Toblin, Robin L., and Amy B. Adler. Resilience Training as a Complementary Treatment for PTSD. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0012.

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Resilience can be viewed as a process in which behaviors or attitudes can lead to a more positive outcome in the face of a traumatic stressor. Universal and targeted resilience training programs (e.g., primary and secondary prevention programs) can be adapted to complement evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), tertiary interventions. Using a skill-focus for resilience may increase optimism and self-efficacy for individuals, and therefore, their engagement in the homework and self-examination required by EBTs. Resilience topics that seem especially fitting as an adjunct for treatment are (1) optimism, (2) relationship building, (3) cognitive skills, (4) energy management, (5) emotional regulation, and (6) PTG. The changes necessary for modifying content designed for a primary prevention audience, several group therapy considerations, and the timing of resilience training relative to EBTs are elucidated. Potential research areas are discussed.
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21

Wadeson, Nigel. Cognitive Aspects of Entrepreneurship: Decision-Making and Attitudes to Risk. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0004.

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This article reviews literature on the study of the cognition of entrepreneurs, and how this affects their attitudes to risk. The review begins with the heuristics and biases approach. Various decision-making biases related to over-optimism are then considered. Following this perceived self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation and intentions-based models are discussed. Some theories dealing specifically with attitudes to risk are then covered. These include prospect theory, Kahneman and Lovalo's model of risk-taking, and Das and Teng's theory of risk horizons and future orientations. Finally, the option value and information cost approach to the analysis of entrepreneurs' decision-making is discussed. Some relevant references to culture research are also given in the conclusion.
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22

Jensen, Mark P. Motivational Interviewing and Pain Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0011.

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To maximize their effectiveness, rehabilitation programs for chronic pain require patient motivation and involvement. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered approach that incorporates four key processes designed to reduce patient ambivalence and enhance motivation to engage in self-consistent adaptive behaviors. In this chapter, the essential processes of engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning, along with their associated techniques, are described, and examples (short clinical vignettes) are provided of how MI operates in practice. The chapter concludes with a review of the empirical data in support of the beneficial effects of MI in chronic pain populations. Although additional research is warranted, the available evidence demonstrates the efficacy of MI for facilitating adaptive responding such as increased patient participation and engagement in physical exercise.
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23

Bullock, Kim, and John J. Barry. Psychiatric Factors. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0003.

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Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a multifactorial illness requiring a personalized biopsychosocial (BPS) formulation across the lifespan to understand its causes. This chapter reviews the current evidence focusing on predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and prognostic variables (4P’s), merging them into a chronologically based 4P-BPS model. Positive PNES randomized controlled trials suggest that self-efficacy and illness beliefs, avoidance behaviors, trigger sensitization, and comorbid psychiatric disorders are important etiological variables to target during treatment. Epidemiological and neurobiological research suggests that further treatment development focusing on the causal impact of trauma and affect dysregulation is lacking and is warranted going forward. The clinical implications for the evidence to date, as well as recommendations for translating current knowledge into therapeutic behaviors, are discussed.
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24

Taxman, Faye S., and Brandy Blasko. Policy and Program Innovations in Prisons. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.31.

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This chapter discusses current policy and program innovations in institutional corrections. Several jurisdictions have made considerable policy and program revisions in order to align correctional practices with evidence-based approaches. The authors present the advances in policies that emphasize the Risk-Need-Responsivity framework, reentry, and good-time credits in order to emphasize how these policies provide a foundation for the expansion of prison programming. Next, novel programming approaches, including efforts to build self-efficacy through strength-based approaches, build attachments and empathy to advance interpersonal skills, and address obstacles to reentry to the community, are reviewed. The link between prison programming and the legitimacy of a prison regime is discussed. Finally, a research agenda designed to advance policy and program innovations in prison settings is presented.
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25

D’Agostino, Thomas A., Carma L. Bylund, and Betty Chewning. Training patients to reach their communication goals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0008.

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Although effective physician–patient communication relies on both parties, an overwhelming majority of literature within the field of healthcare communication has focused on the physician or healthcare provider. This chapter presents research aimed at improving patient communication skills and physician–patient interactions through patient training. Published interventions can be categorized as those that entail the presentation of written materials only, materials plus some form of individualized coaching, or a group-based training format. Many patient communication interventions focus exclusively on patient question asking. Interventions reviewed in this chapter incorporate a broader range of skills towards a more comprehensive training. Available literature has demonstrated the impact of patient communication skills training on patient self-efficacy, behavioural intention, observed skill usage, treatment adherence, and more. A notable limitation of current research is the lack of a unifying theoretical model. The chapter proposes concordance, or shared physician–patient agreement, as a useful conceptual framework.
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26

Moore, Alex M., Nathan O. Rudig, and Mark H. Ashcraft. Affect, Motivation, Working Memory, and Mathematics. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.004.

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This article reviews the topics of affect, motivation, working memory, and their relationships to mathematics learning and performance. The underlying factors of interest, motivation, self-efficacy, and maths anxiety, as well as an approach concerning people’s beliefs about fixed versus malleable intelligence, can be grouped into an approach and an avoidance constellation of attitudes and beliefs, with opposite relationships to outcome measures of learning and mastery in maths. This article then considers the research on working memory, showing it to be central to arithmetic and maths processing, and also the principle mental component being disrupted by affective and emotional reactions during problem solving. After discussing the disruptive effects of maths anxiety, choking under pressure, and stereotype threat, the article closes with a brief consideration of how these affective disruptions might be minimized or eliminated.
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27

Martin, Jeffrey J. Theory of Planned Behavior and Stages of Change Models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0035.

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The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stages of change (SOC) models have been used to predict physical activity (PA) in people with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to give an overview of the TPB and SOC models and the research findings stemming from testing them in people with impairments. The health action process approach (HAPA), designed with individuals with disabilities, is also introduced, along with suggested future research using the HAPA. The HAPA is in many ways a meta-theory, as it incorporates many constructs from theories discussed here and in other chapters. For instance, various forms of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, coping, planning, and social support are all included in the HAPA. In addition, the HAPA includes a three-stage model in which people are labeled as pre-intenders, intenders, or actors. Researchers intending to use the SOC theories and the TPB should know that they have come under criticism, and these criticisms are addressed in the chapter.
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