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Sakurai, Shigeo. "The effects of individual differences on Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model." Japanese journal of psychology 63, no. 1 (1992): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.63.16.
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Feng, Zhi Gang, Qi Wang, and K. Shida. "Validated Uncertainty Evaluation for Self-Validating Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.419.
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This paper evaluates the validated uncertainty in SEVA sensor by integrating fault detection, identification and reconstruction (FDIR) and reliability engineering. The impact of each fault mode on measurement quality is evaluated quantitatively by using a priori sensor reliability information to investigate the impact of incomplete fault coverage, FDIR and manual maintenance intervention. Bayesian probabilistic approach and uncertainty calculus are employed to model the impact of sensor validation on parameter uncertainty and to fuse the individual modes into a complete sensor model. A simulation of SEVA pressure sensor example illustrates the concept and conclusions.
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Kamide, Hiroko, and Ikuo Daibo. "Application of a self-evaluation maintenance model to psychological health in interpersonal contexts." Journal of Positive Psychology 4, no. 6 (November 2009): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157158.
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Magableh, Basel, and Stephen Barrett. "Productivity Evaluation of Self-Adaptive Software Model Driven Architecture." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, no. 4 (October 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011100101.
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Anticipating context changes using a model-based approach requires a formal procedure for analysing and modelling context-dependent functionality and stable description of the architecture which supports dynamic decision-making and architecture evolution. This article demonstrates the capabilities of the context-oriented component-based application-model-driven architecture (COCA-MDA) to support the development of self-adaptive applications; the authors describe a state-of-the-art case study and evaluate the development effort involved in adopting the COCA-MDA in constructing the application. An intensive analysis of the application requirements simplified the process of modelling the application’s behavioural model; therefore, instead of modelling several variation models, the developers modelled an extra-functionality model. COCA-MDA reduces the development effort because it maintains a clear separation of concerns and employs a decomposition mechanism to produce a context-oriented component model which decouples the applications’ core functionality from the context-dependent functionality. Estimating the MDA approach’s productivity can help the software developers select the best MDA-based methodology from the available solutions. Thus, counting the source line of code is not adequate for evaluating the development effort of the MDA-based methodology. Quantifying the maintenance adjustment factor of the new, adapted, and reused code is a better estimate of the development effort of the MDA approaches.
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Nicholls, Emma, and Arthur A. Stukas. "Narcissism and the Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model: Effects of Social Comparison Threats on Relationship Closeness." Journal of Social Psychology 151, no. 2 (February 17, 2011): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224540903510852.
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Oliveira, Marcelo Albuquerque, and Isabel Lopes. "Evaluation and improvement of maintenance management performance using a maturity model." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 559–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-07-2018-0247.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a new maturity model to identify the current state of maintenance area of organizations and drives actions to increase efficiency and effectiveness toward the concept known as world-class.Design/methodology/approachThe model was developed based on an extensive literature review on maintenance management and maturity assessment, which allowed identifying the relevant factors in maintenance management and the world-class behaviors for each factor. The progressive maturity levels for each of the identified ten factors form the model. To test its effectiveness, it was applied to the maintenance area of three companies.FindingsThe model application showed that, in addition to being a self-assessment tool, it provides knowledge, to those who use it, on behaviors or practices that enable world-class results. For each factor, potential gaps and the desired state were defined focusing on behaviors rather than on indicators values or adopted methodologies, which facilitates the identification of improvement actions that lead to better performance.Research limitations/implicationsThrough its use, maturity levels can be identified for all considered maintenance management factors, however, the overall maturity of the maintenance area is not determined. Although this overall evaluation can be done assigning a weight to each factor, it was not considered an added value for the set purpose.Originality/valueThe proposed maturity model contributes to the understanding of the maintenance management process and how to stand out nowadays in an area that has an increasingly important impact on productivity and quality.
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Xia, Xiao Hui, and Chun Yan Xia. "The Study on Bridge Coupled Vibration System Analysis Model." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.137.
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On the base of modal synthesis theory, the self-compiling vehicle-bridge coupling vibration analysis program was used to analyze the vehicle dynamic response and passing vehicle riding comfort of cable-stayed bridge. Compared with the impact of different factors on vehicle riding comfort, this method provides a useful theoretical reference to correlated evaluation research and management maintenance. The influence of driving speed on comfort is not obvious. The research makes reference to correlated project evaluation in procedure and method.
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Turisová, Renata, Hana Pačaiová, Zuzana Kotianová, Anna Nagyová, Michal Hovanec, and Peter Korba. "Evaluation of eMaintenance Application Based on the New Version of the EFQM Model." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073682.
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Maintenance management is connected with two opposing aspects, management costs and operational efficiency. With the implementation of new technology within the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept, new technical solutions are being created. These solutions (mainly robotic workplaces) must reach a maximum performance rate, production quality, and, of course, high availability. Their operation, during the whole life cycle, is expected to be absolutely safe with minimum maintenance costs. These trends, even though they seem to be optimistic, face a lot of problems. The conducted research follows up on the results of previous research aimed at the initial assessment Slovak industrial company readiness status for the I4.0 conception between 2017 and 2019. The aim of the ongoing research was to assess the readiness status in more than 70 industrial organizations in the selected area for the new concept of maintenance management (eMaintenance) and its relation to machinery integrated safety. The research was carried out by questioning, with the structure of individual questions and closed answers stemmed from the self-evaluation according to the new European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model (2020). The results of the research were presented to managements of questioned organizations and confirmed the assumptions about a low level of maintenance management transformation to eMaintenance.
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Ratcliffe, Denise, and Nell Ellison. "Obesity and Internalized Weight Stigma: A Formulation Model for an Emerging Psychological Problem." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 2 (September 4, 2013): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000763.
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Background:Obese individuals frequently experience weight stigma and this is associated with psychological distress and difficulties. The process of external devaluation can lead to negative self-perception and evaluation and some obese individuals develop “internalized weight stigma”. The prevalence of weight stigma is well established but there is a lack of information about the interplay between external and internal weight stigma.Aims:To synthesize the literature on the psychological effects of weight stigma into a formulation model that addresses the maintenance of internalized weight stigma.Method:Current research on the psychological impact of weight stigma was reviewed. We identify cognitive, behavioural and attentional processes that maintain psychological conditions where self-evaluation plays a central role. A model was developed based on clinical utility.Results:The model focuses on identifying factors that influence and maintain internalized weight stigma. We highlight the impact of negative societal and interpersonal experiences of weight stigma on how individuals view themselves as an obese person. Processing the self as a stigmatized individual is at the core of the model. Maintenance factors include negative self-judgements about the meaning of being an obese individual, attentional and mood shifts, and avoidance and safety behaviours. In addition, eating and weight management behaviours become deregulated and maintain both obesity and weight stigma.Conclusion:As obesity increases, weight stigma and the associated psychological effects are likely to increase. We provide a framework for formulating and intervening with internalized weight stigma as well as making therapists aware of the applicability and transferability of strategies that they may already use with other presenting problems.
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Iverach, Lisa, Ronald M. Rapee, Quincy J. J. Wong, and Robyn Lowe. "Maintenance of Social Anxiety in Stuttering: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 540–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0033.
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Purpose Stuttering is a speech disorder frequently accompanied by anxiety in social-evaluative situations. A growing body of research has confirmed a significant rate of social anxiety disorder among adults who stutter. Social anxiety disorder is a chronic and disabling anxiety disorder associated with substantial life impairment. Several influential models have described cognitive-behavioral factors that contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety in nonstuttering populations. The purpose of the present article is to apply these leading models to the experience of social anxiety for people who stutter. Method Components from existing models were applied to stuttering in order to determine cognitive-behavioral processes that occur before, during, and after social-evaluative situations, which may increase the likelihood of stuttering-related social fears persisting. Results Maintenance of social anxiety in stuttering may be influenced by a host of interrelated factors, including fear of negative evaluation, negative social-evaluative cognitions, attentional biases, self-focused attention, safety behaviors, and anticipatory and postevent processing. Conclusion Given the chronic nature of social anxiety disorder, identifying factors that contribute to the persistence of stuttering-related social fears has the potential to inform clinical practice and the development of psychological treatment programs to address the speech and psychological needs of people who stutter with social anxiety.
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Song, Mingchang, Quan Shi, Qiwei Hu, Zhifeng You, and Yadong Wang. "Evaluation of Resilience of Battle Damage Equipment Based on BN-Cloud Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (July 4, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6328176.
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In order to solve the problem of a lack of supportive means for evaluating the resilience of battle damage equipment, a Bayesian network cloud model is proposed to evaluate the resilience of battle damage equipment. The equipment functional features are analyzed to establish the equipment functional state evaluation model. Moreover, the samples of Bayesian network parameters training are obtained by inserting the results of battle damage simulation into the functional evaluation model. The simulation flow of parts state recovery probability is designed to determine the relationship between parts’ functional state and time. Based on the cloud model, the transformation model of functional state level probability to functional index is established. Hence, the equipment functional state level probability obtained by Bayesian network reasoning is transformed into a functional index and the transformation from uncertainty to certainty is realized. Considering self-propelled artillery as the object of resilience evaluation, the results of numerical examples show that by this method, the problem of equipment resilience evaluation can be effectively solved, and more information can be obtained by the accurate representation method compared to the traditional Bayesian network probabilistic evaluation results. This is greatly significant to the wartime maintenance support decision.
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Veale, David. "Treatment of social phobia." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 4 (July 2003): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.4.258.
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Social phobia (or social anxiety disorder) manifests as a marked and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations. The epidemiology, diagnosis and psychopathology are reviewed, including clinical presentation, cultural aspects and the differences between agoraphobia and social phobia. Behavioural treatments, including graded self-exposure and cognitive restructuring, are considered. A cognitive model of the maintenance of social phobia is discussed. It is hypothesised that attentional shifting towards imagery, safety behaviours and ‘post-mortem’ analyses play a key role in symptom maintenance. The implications of this for treatment are described, and guidelines for pharmacological treatment are summarised.
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Tian, Xiuxia, Can Li, and Bo Zhao. "A Novel Classification Model SA-MPCNN for Power Equipment Defect Text." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3464380.
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The text classification of power equipment defect is of great significance to equipment health condition evaluation and power equipment maintenance decisions. Most of the existing classification methods do not sufficiently consider the semantic relation between words in the same sentence and cannot extract deep semantic features. To tackle those problems, this article proposes a novel classification method by combining the self-attention mechanism and multi-channel pyramid convolution neural networks. We utilize the bidirectional gated recurrent unit to model the text sequence and, on this basis, improve self-attention layer to dot multiplication on the forward and backward features to obtain the global attention score. Thereby, effective features are enhanced, invalid features are weakened, and important text representation vectors are obtained. To solve the problem that the shallow network structure cannot extract deep semantic features, we design a multi-channel pyramid convolution network, which first extracts deep text features from the channels of different windows and then fuses the text features of each channel. By comparing with the state-of-the-art methods, the model in this article has better performance in text classification of power equipment defects.
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De Leon, George, Graham Staines, and Stanley Sacks. "Passages: A Therapeutic Community Oriented Day Treatment Model for Methadone Maintained Clients." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 2 (April 1997): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700210.
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Passages is a day treatment model based on therapeutic community (TC) methods adapted for methadone maintained clients. The goal of the program is to reduce cocaine use and injection, other drug use, and high-risk sexual behavior. The Passages approach is grounded in a recovery-oriented perspective in which methadone is a prescribed medicine that can facilitate a self help, recovery process. Preliminary evaluation findings on over 500 research participants indicate greater differential improvement in drug-risk behavior and psychological status for the Passages clients who remained 6 months in the program compared to non-Passages clients. Though awaiting controlled studies, the present study demonstrated the feasibility of integrating methadone maintenance and TC-oriented day treatment in methadone clinics; and provided evidence for the effectiveness of the Passages program in reducing risk behavior and improving psychological functioning among seriously dysfunctional substance abusers.
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Ernst, Julie, and Jessamy Schwartz. "Environmental Service and Outdoor Adventure as a Context for Positive Youth Development: An Evaluation of the Crow River Trail Guards Program." Journal of Youth Development 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2013.96.
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Trail Guards, a community-based organization in Minnesota, offers youth the opportunity to participate in park/trail maintenance and enhancement projects. Through these environmental service projects, Trail Guards seeks to foster the following developmental outcomes in youth participants: self-awareness of skills and strengths; self-worth; personal and social self-efficacy; sense of belonging and acceptance; team work and cooperation skills; and a sense of community responsibility. Trail Guards ultimately aims for youth to transfer these skills and socially appropriate behaviors to settings and activities beyond Trail Guards and to participate in the community in other positive ways. A program evaluation indicated Trail Guards seems to be achieving these youth development outcomes, and that the success of the program may be attributed to the program leader serving as a positive adult role model and providing a safe and caring environment, as well as to community involvement. Implications are discussed.
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Aamir Khan, Amna, and Syed Abid Mehdi Kazmi. "SPECIAL REPORT- SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.5.1/009.
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The purpose of the case study was to identify the importance of Exercise Consultation (EC) based on Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Relapse Prevention Model. A 58 years old woman in the precontemplation phase is found to be inactive and is not willing to change the high risk behavior. On evaluation the functional status and a shuttle walk test (SWT) was performed where the level 4 out of 12 was attained initially with a peak heart rate of 130. The target was to incorporate TTM on patient in order to motivate her to proceed activities in her daily routine and move towards the action / maintenance stage. The process of changing was divided into experiential (thinking) and behavioral (doing) for the patient in order to motivate her to do physical activity. Furthermore counter-conditioning, helping relationships and self-liberation was utilized to improve the activity. Smarter goals were set up by dividing into weekly (short term), 2 monthly (intermediate) term and 4 monthly (longer) basis. Exercise adherence has found to be significantly affected by age, gender, physical as well as psychosocial well-being. Behavioral change model was found to be beneficial for the patient in cardiac rehabilitation phase 3. More significant results may be accomplished by incorporating TTM on larger scales.
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Lipschitz, Jessica M., Andrea L. Paiva, Colleen A. Redding, Deborah Levesque, Joseph S. Rossi, Risa B. Weisberg, and James O. Prochaska. "Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Measures for Managing Anxiety in a National Sample of Clinically Anxious Adults." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116669493.
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Purpose: Anxiety is the most common and costly mental illness in the United States. Reducing avoidance is a core element of evidence-based treatments. Past research shows readiness to address avoidance affects outcomes. Investigating avoidance from a transtheoretical model (TTM) perspective could facilitate tailored approaches for individuals with low readiness. This study developed and examined psychometric properties of TTM measures for addressing anxiety-based avoidance. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Community centers, online survey. Participants: Five hundred ninety-four individuals aged 18 to 70 with clinically significant anxiety. Measures: Overall Anxiety Severity Questionnaire, stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. Analysis: The sample was randomly split into halves for principal component analyses (PCAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to test measurement models. Further analyses examined relationships between constructs. Results: For decisional balance, PCA indicated two 5-item factors (pros and cons). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 2-factor correlated model, Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square [Formula: see text], comparative fit index (CFI = 0.94), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.07), pros: α = 0.87, ρ = 0.87, cons: α = 0.75, and ρ = 0.75. For self-efficacy, PCA indicated one 6-item factor supported by CFA, [Formula: see text], P < .01, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.09, α = 0.90, ρ = 0.87. As hypothesized, significant cross-stage differences were observed for pros and self-efficacy, and significant relationships between anxiety severity and pros, cons, and self-efficacy were found. Conclusion: Findings show strong psychometric properties and support the application of a readiness-based model to anxiety. In contrast to findings of other behaviors, cons remain high in action and maintenance. These measures provide a solid empirical foundation to develop TTM-tailored interventions to enhance engagement in treatment.
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Chang, Yue-Shan, Yi-Kang Lee, Tong-Ying Juang, and Jing-Shyang Yen. "Cost Evaluation on Building and Operating Cloud Platform." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 5, no. 2 (April 2013): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2013040103.
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Cost issue always is one of most important issue for enterprise in building their IT platform. With the advance of various cloud environments, enterprise’s IT executive may have different consideration in constructing their IT platform. For example, constructing an own cloud environment or renting a computing platform from cloud providers. This paper the authors, based on the Net Present Value in Finance field, propose a cost model for evaluating the tradeoff between building a self-own computing platform and renting one from public provider. The cost evaluation formulas are derived based on some cost factor, such as human salary, platform purchasing cost, energy consuming, maintenance fee, and cooling cost, for evaluating required cost on building and operating of both public and private clouds. Based on the cost model, the authors applied a well-known public cloud instance, e.g. Chunghwa Telecom’s HiCloud platform in Taiwan, to compute renting cost, and make a comparison with the derived cost of private cloud for a variety of enterprises’ settings. According to the experiments, different size of enterprises could have different options in building private cloud or renting from public cloud to make optimum cost saving.
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Ma, Shao-Jun, Wen-Ji Wang, Min Tang, Han Chen, and Feng Ding. "Evaluation of the construct reliability and validity of the DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Chinese version in maintenance hemodialysis patients." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 5 (May 2021): 030006052110126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211012661.
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Objective The study aim was to assess the construct reliability and validity of the internal structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (CCSM)-Chinese version in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to clarify whether the CCSM is suitable for patients with psychological issues. Methods Participants were 190 MHD patients. Structural equation modelling was used to establish a measurement model to confirm the reliability and validity of the internal structure of the CCSM-Chinese version, and to compare it with the Chinese version of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Results Of the 13 CCSM domains, 8 showed stability and validity in the initial screening of psychological symptoms. Although the Chinese version of the SCL-90 is widely used, the measurement model of the 8-domain CCSM was a better fit than the SCL-90 (CCSM: chi-square = 35.668, chi-square/degrees of freedom [CMIN/df] = 1.877; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.061; adjusted goodness of fit index [AGFI] = 0.931 vs. SCL-90: chi-square = 89.159, CMIN/df = 2.972; RMSEA = 0.084; AGFI = 0.879). Conclusion The Chinese version of the CCSM is a useful rapid screening tool to detect psychological symptom risk in MHD patients.
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Kim, Jaehyun, Chris Seoyun Choi, and Hyunsuk Kim. "A Study on How Social Comparison Between Players on Mobile Puzzle SNG When Competeing on leaderboard, Affect the Competition and Chllenge - Focused on Self-Evaluation maintenance model." Journal of the HCI Society of Korea 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17210/jhsk.2018.08.13.3.5.
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Laver, Susan M., Bart Van Den Borne, Gerjo Kok, and Godfrey Woelk. "Was the Intervention Implemented as Intended?: A Process Evaluation of an AIDS Prevention Intervention in Rural Zimbabwe." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, no. 1 (April 1996): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/emcn-h455-ykaq-tgx6.
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End-point evaluations are still the most commonly used method of assessing the success or failure of interventions. This article describes how a process evaluation was used to measure “what happened” during an HIV/AIDS prevention program for farm workers in Zimbabwe. The intervention was developed according to the Paulo Freirian theory of Social Change and the Ecological Model for health promotion. The stages of the intervention were cyclical; in the first stage innovative methods were used to encourage appraisal of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS through activities which raised critical thinking and dialogue. In the next phase, emphasis was placed on developing cognitive and attitude change in the target group. Self-protective behavior was encouraged through condom use and an increase in self-efficacy with respect to negotiating safe sex, especially among women. In the last stage of the intervention, efforts were made to create a climate for maintenance of behavior and socially responsible action within the community. The process evaluation provided valuable insight into factors which, when aggregated, provided an overview of a program whose successes and failures may well have been determined by issues outside the scope of the intervention. The effect of seasonal fluctuations of labor, income, and farming activity on program activity, patterns of STD, and condom demand were marked. This leads back to the researchers' initial question: “Was the intervention implemented as planned?” and the answer—only partially.
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Vorkapić, Aleksandar, Radoslav Radonja, Karlo Babić, and Sanda Martinčić-Ipšić. "MACHINE LEARNING METHODS IN MONITORING OPERATING BEHAVIOUR OF MARINE TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE." Transport 35, no. 5 (December 21, 2020): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14038.
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The aim of this article is to enhance performance monitoring of a two-stroke electronically controlled ship propulsion engine on the operating envelope. This is achieved by setting up a machine learning model capable of monitoring influential operating parameters and predicting the fuel consumption. Model is tested with different machine learning algorithms, namely linear regression, multilayer perceptron, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forests (RF). Upon verification of modelling framework and analysing the results in order to improve the prediction accuracy, the best algorithm is selected based on standard evaluation metrics, i.e. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Relative Absolute Error (RAE). Experimental results show that, by taking an adequate combination and processing of relevant sensory data, SVM exhibit the lowest RMSE 7.1032 and RAE 0.5313%. RF achieve the lowest RMSE 22.6137 and RAE 3.8545% in a setting when minimal number of input variables is considered, i.e. cylinder indicated pressures and propulsion engine revolutions. Further, article deals with the detection of anomalies of operating parameters, which enables the evaluation of the propulsion engine condition and the early identification of failures and deterioration. Such a time-dependent, self-adopting anomaly detection model can be used for comparison with the initial condition recorded during the test and sea run or after survey and docking. Finally, we propose a unified model structure, incorporating fuel consumption prediction and anomaly detection model with on-board decision-making process regarding navigation and maintenance.
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Zhang, Huoyin, Ruolei Gu, Ming Yang, Mingming Zhang, Fengxu Han, Hong Li, and Wenbo Luo. "Context-based interpersonal relationship modulates social comparison between outcomes: an event-related potential study." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa167.
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Abstract Social comparison is a common behavior that largely determines people’s experience of decision outcome. Previous research has showed that interpersonal relationship plays a pivotal role in social comparison. In the current study, we investigated whether the manipulation of context-based relationship would affect participants’ comparison of self-outcome and other-outcome. Participants first finished a trust game with likeable (dislikeable) partner and then they were involved in a gambling task and observed the outcomes for themselves and for partners. According to self-reports, participants were more satisfied with likeable partner’s gains than losses only when they received gains, but they were always more satisfied with dislikeable player’s losses compared to gains. Event-related potentials including the feedback-related negativity (FRN), P3 and late positive component (LPC) were sensitive to context-based relationship. Specifically, the prediction error signal (indexed by the FRN) was largest when participants received losses but dislikeable player received gains. Meanwhile, the P3 indicates that participants had stronger motivation to outperform dislikeable player. Finally, the LPC was larger when participants received the same outcomes with dislikeable players. In general, our results support the key point of the self-evaluation maintenance model that personal closeness modulates subjective sensitivity when drawing a comparison of one’s outcomes with other’s outcomes.
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Zuo, Jing, Jianwu Dang, and Min Lyu. "Stochastic Risk Assessment with a Lagrangian Solution for the Optimal Cost Allocation in High-Speed Rail Networks." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (June 26, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7160681.
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In large-scale high-speed rail networks (HSRNs), the occurrence of occasional malfunctions or accidents is unavoidable. The key issue considered in this study is the optimal allocation of the maintenance costs, based on the stochastic risk assessment for HSRNs. Inspired by the theoretical risk evaluation methods in the complex network, three major factors, including the local effects, global effects, and component self-effects are considered in the process of assessing the impact on the network components (nodes or lines). By introducing the component failure occurrence probability, which is considered to be an exponential function changing with the component maintenance costs, a feasible stochastic risk assessment model of the HSRNs together with the component impact assessment is proposed that can better unify the impact assessment of both the high-speed rail stations and railways. An optimal allocation algorithm based on a Lagrangian relaxation approach is designed. Correspondingly, the optimal cost allocation scheme can be determined using the algorithm to eliminate the various HSRN risks under the given costs. Furthermore, a real-world case study of the HSRNs in eastern China is illustrated. Compared with the genetic algorithm, the simulation shows that the approach can solve the optimal cost allocation problem to more effectively reduce the risks of large-scale HSRNs in practice.
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Li, Zhenen, Xinyan Zhang, Tusongjiang Kari, and Wei Hu. "Health Assessment and Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Wind Turbine High-Speed Shaft Bearings." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154612.
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Vibration signals contain abundant information that reflects the health status of wind turbine high-speed shaft bearings ((HSSBs). Accurate health assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction are the keys to the scientific maintenance of wind turbines. In this paper, a method based on the combination of a comprehensive evaluation function and a self-organizing feature map (SOM) network is proposed to construct a health indicator (HI) curve to characterizes the health state of HSSBs. Considering the difficulty in obtaining life cycle data of similar equipment in a short time, the exponential degradation model is selected as the degradation trajectory of HSSBs on the basis of the constructed HI curve, the Bayesian update model, and the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm are used to predict the RUL of HSSBs. First, the time domain, frequency domain, and time–frequency domain degradation features of HSSBs are extracted. Second, a comprehensive evaluation function is constructed and used to select the degradation features with good performance. Third, the SOM network is used to fuse the selected degradation features to construct a one-dimensional HI curve. Finally, the exponential degradation model is selected as the degradation trajectory of HSSBs, and the Bayesian update and EM algorithm are used to predict the RUL of the HSSB. The monitoring data of a wind turbine HSSB in actual operation is used to validate the model. The HI curve constructed by the method in this paper can better reflect the degradation process of HSSBs. In terms of life prediction, the method in this paper has better prediction accuracy than the SVR model.
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Toledo, Jose Carlos, Rodrigo Valio Dominguez Gonzalez, Fabiane Letícia Lizarelli, and Renato Arima Pelegrino. "Lean production system development through leadership practices." Management Decision 57, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 1184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2017-0748.
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Purpose Although lean methods are considered easy to be implemented during the initial phases of the lean transformation process, few companies are able to maintain them in long term. One of the key factors for this maintenance is the role played by the leaders in their teams. The purpose of this paper is to show the outcomes of an action research that analyzed and developed leadership practices, using the lean leadership model for developing people as reference and considering the factors: to promote employees’ self-development; to coach and develop employees; to support daily kaizen; to create vision and align goal. Design/methodology/approach The results of this study are based on the action research method applied in a large Brazilian industrial company. The study was structured considering the phases of problem diagnosis, action plan, implementation and evaluation of practical and theoretical results. Findings The leadership practices implemented from the model were shown to be adequate to the lean production system (LPS) and it was observed that reflecting on the processes and the organizational learning are two main concepts that these practices support in the organization. Research limitations/implications Since this study is based on action research in a single company, the generalization of results is limited. Suggestions for future research include the development of a quantitative research in different industrial contexts. Practical implications The practical implications of this research are to present activities that must be developed by the leadership of organizations to maintain LPS. Originality/value This paper raises the problems of organizational leadership that limit the implementation and maintenance of LPS, presenting the planning and implementation of changes in leadership practices to solve these problems.
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Paramesh, Venkatesh, Giri Bhavan Sreekanth, Eaknath B. Chakurkar, H. B. Chethan Kumar, Parappurath Gokuldas, Kallakeri Kannappa Manohara, Gopal Ramdas Mahajan, Racharla Solomon Rajkumar, Natesan Ravisankar, and Azad Singh Panwar. "Ecosystem Network Analysis in a Smallholder Integrated Crop–Livestock System for Coastal Lowland Situation in Tropical Humid Conditions of India." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125017.
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The integrated crop–livestock system (ICLS) is a farming strategy that helps to sustain agrobiodiversity, ecosystem services, and restores environmental sustainability. Furthermore, ICLS provides food and nutritional security to the small and marginal farmers in developing nations. In this context a mass-balanced ecosystem model was constructed for a smallholder ICLS along the Indian west coast to analyze the agro-ecological performance in terms of sustainability, resource use, nutrient balance and recycling. Thirteen functional groups were defined in the ICLS model with trophic levels ranging from 1.00 (detritus and benthic nitrogen fixers) to 3.00 (poultry and ruminants). The total system throughput index was estimated to be 1134.9 kg N ha−1 year−1 of which 60% was from consumption, 15% from exports, 10% from respiration, and the remaining 15% eventually flowing into detritus. The gross efficiency of the ecosystem was estimated to 0.3, which indicated higher growth rates and low maintenance energy costs. The higher food self-sufficiency ration of 7.4 indicated the integration of crop–livestock as an imperative system to meet the food and nutritional requirement of the farm family. The indices such as system overhead (60%), Finn’s cycling index (16.6) and mean path length (3.5) denoted that the ICLS is a small, resource-efficient, stable, maturing and sustainable ecosystem in terms of the ecosystem principles and recycling. The present model will serve as the first model on the ICLS from the humid tropics and will help in the evaluation of the other agro-ecological systems using the Ecopath modelling approach. In conclusion, farm intensification through crop and animal diversification has the highest impact on farm productivity, food self-sufficiency and resource-use-efficiency of the smallholder’s livelihood security.
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Fitri, Susi, and Annisa Kusumaningtyas. "Pengembangan Buku Bantuan Diri untuk Membantu Remaja Memelihara Ikatan Kelekatan (Attachment Bond) yang Orangtuanya Bercerai SMA Se-DKI Jakarta." INSIGHT: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/insight.081.07.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu media berupa buku bantuan diri untuk membantu remaja SMA di DKI Jakarta yang orangtuanya bercerai memelihara ikatan kelekatan. Buku bantuan diri dapat digunakan secara individual maupun oleh guru bimbingan dan konseling dalam proses konseling. Buku bantuan diri yang dikembangkan terdiri dari tujuh bab. Bab 1 sampai dengan 4 merupakan pemahaman diri konseli mengenai perceraian dan perasaan peserta didik. Membantu peserta didik untuk menyadari, menerima, dan mengekpresikan perasaan. Pada bab 5 dan 6 merupakan treatment dalam buku. Membantu peserta didik memiliki harapan yang aman terhadap orangtua. Pada bab 7 yaitu mengenai pemeliharaan yang merupakan kesimpulan dan refleksi diri setelah merampungkan buku bantuan diri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (RnD) model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). Tahapan model pengembangan yang dilakukan adalah analisis, desain, dan pengembangan. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa angket dan pedoman wawancara. Penilaian media dilakukan oleh validator yang terdiri dari ahli media, ahli materi dan peserta didik. Dari hasil uji validasi tersebut diperoleh rata-rata persentase dengan validasi ahli media 93,26%, validasi ahli materi 93,75%, peserta didik 91,77%, dan guru bimbingan dan konseling 92,04%. Hasil pengembangan buku bantuan diri untuk memelihara ikatan kelekatan bagi remaja yang orangtuanya bercerai dikategorikan layak.
Kata Kunci : Ikatan Kelekatan (Attachment Bond), Buku Bantuan Diri, Model ADDIE, Perceraian
ABSTRACT
This study aims to develop a media that is a self help book to help high school adolescents in DKI Jakarta maintain attachment bond after their parents' divorce. The book can be used individually or by school counselors in the counseling process. The book consists of seven chapters. Chapters 1 to 4 discuss student's self-understanding of the divorce and their feelings. They help students realize, accept, and express their feelings. While chapters 5 and 6 are about treatments. They help students have secure expectancies to their parents. Chapter 7 is about self maintenance which is a conclusion and a self reflection after completing a self-help book. The method is Research and Development (RnD) with ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). The stages of the development model are analysis, design, and development. The technique of data collections is utilizing forms of questionnaires and interview. The evaluation of media was done by validators from the expert of media, the expert of material, students, and school counselors. Based on the validation test, it was obtained that the average percentage 93.75% of media expert, 93.75% of material expert, 91.77% of students, and 92.04% of school counselors. The result of the development of self help book is to help adolescents maintain attachment bond after their parents' divorce was categorized as appropriate.
Keywords: Attachment Bond, Self Help Book, ADDIE Model, Divorce
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Lefler, Leanne L., Sara Jones, and Breanna Harris. "Key Strategies for Physical Activity Interventions Among Older Women: Process Evaluation of a Clinical Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117711340.
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Purpose: To describe strategies salient to physical activity (PA) initiation and maintenance among older women who participated in a clinical trial that tested a PA intervention. Design: A descriptive phenomenological, qualitative design for a process evaluation of a successful clinical trial. Setting: Senior primary care clinics associated with a large medical center in a southern state. Participants: A total of 20 older women at least 60 years without advanced frailty. Method: Purposive sampling using maximum variation technique was used to select participants. A semi-structured interview guide facilitated individual, in-depth interviews lasting 45 to 90 minutes. Narratives were analyzed using content analysis with constant comparison technique to summarize the data. Results: Eight African American and 12 white older women with a mean age of 68 from control and intervention arms participated. Five central themes described salient strategies to promote and maintain PA: sensed benefits, motivation, and self-efficacy were central to success, while a reduction in barriers was essential before maintaining PA. The last theme, a life-changing awareness indicated that PA had become a shared value. An explanatory model describing interrelationships is presented. Conclusions: This study suggests key strategies to include in PA interventions with older women. An unexpected finding was that PA became a shared value, an action promoted by the Culture of Health initiative to improve population health and well-being.
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Berninger, Nathalie M., Gill A. ten Hoor, Guy Plasqui, Gerjo Kok, Gjalt-Jorn Ygram Peters, and Robert A. C. Ruiter. "Sedentary Work in Desk-Dominated Environments: A Data-Driven Intervention Using Intervention Mapping." JMIR Formative Research 4, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): e14951. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14951.
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Background Since desk-dominated work environments facilitate sedentary behavior, office workers sit for 66% of their working days and only 8% succeed in interrupting their prolonged periods of sitting within the first 55 minutes. Yet stretches of long and uninterrupted sitting increase the likelihood of several chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Objective We therefore developed a computer-based app designed to interrupt periods of prolonged sitting among office employees. Methods When developing the intervention, we applied the intervention mapping protocol. This approach for the systematic design of theory and evidence-based behavior change programs consists of 6 steps: creation of a logic model of the problem, creation of a logic model of change, program design, program production, design of an implementation plan, and development of an evaluation plan. Results Working through all 6 steps has resulted in an individually adaptable intervention to reduce sedentary behavior at work. The intervention, UPcomplish, consists of tailored, half-automatized motivational components delivered by a coach. To register sedentary behavior, the VitaBit (VitaBit Software International BV) toolkit, a wearable accelerometry-based monitoring device, is used. Among others, UPcomplish includes personalized goal setting, tailored suggestions to overcome hurdles, and weekly challenges. The VitaBit toolkit supports the participants to monitor their behavior in relation to self-set goals. Conclusions Intervention mapping is a useful protocol not only for the systematic development of a comprehensive intervention to reduce sedentary behavior but also for planning program adherence, program implementation, and program maintenance. It facilitates obtaining the participation of relevant stakeholders at different ecological levels in the development process of the intervention and anticipating facilitators to and barriers of program implementation and maintenance. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NL7503; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7503
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Graham-Clarke, Peita, and Brian Oldenburg. "The Effectiveness of a General-Practice-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Patient Physical Activity Status." Behaviour Change 11, no. 3 (September 1994): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005039.
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Physical inactivity is a risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity have focused primarily on either adoption of physical activity or noncompliance and relapse, and no interventions have been reported which cover adoption, compliance, maintenance, and relapse, particularly within the clinical setting. TheFresh Startprogram, a multiple risk factor intervention program for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk factors in general practice patients, was developed to cover all aspects of the adoption and maintenance of habitual physical activity, using Prochaska and DiClemente's Transtheoretical model. The evaluation of the program on cardiovascular disease risk factors and behaviours provided the opportunity to evaluate the impact of a staged program on patient physical activity behaviour. The program was evaluated in a randomised controlled trial in Sydney's Western, South-western, and Wentworth regions with 80 volunteer general practitioners and 758 volunteer patients between January 1991 and January 1993. Self-reported physical activity data were used as the basis for estimating energy expenditure due to leisure-time physical activity. The results failed to show any differences between groups over time, as a function of patients' baseline stages of change, and as a function of baseline activity levels. There were some indications, however, that the least active would respond to doctor-based advice to increase their physical activity, and that doctor advice would lead to a progression inintention to changein approximately 20% of patients. Limitations of the study, the program, and physical activity intervention in the clinical setting are discussed.
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Apisarnthanarak, Anucha, Kittiya Jantarathaneewat, Siriththin Chansirikarnjana, Nattapong Tidwong, and Linda Mundy. "2022. Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior Among Surgeon." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1702.
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Abstract Background A comparative study was conducted to evaluate prescribed antibiotic (AB) use in surgical patients with the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior (TTM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods A survey was conducted at Thammasat University Hospital from January 1 to 31, 2019. We evaluated the appropriateness of AB uses in the surgical department reported per the hospital’s Drug Use Evaluation (DUE) form. After review of the DUE, in-depth interviews were conducted to all prescribers to explore antibiotic prescribing behavior based on TTM vs. TPB, using a standardized data collection tool. Data collected included demographics, indications, appropriateness of AB uses, the individual prescriber’s behavior based on TTM and TPB. The five TTM stages of change were categorized precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. In TPB assessment, we evaluated attitude toward AB uses, subjective norm to AB uses behavior, and perceived behavior control of AB uses behavior. Results There were 92 AB uses from 64 prescribers; 70 (70/92; 76%) used antibiotics appropriately. The majority of AB uses (62/92; 67%) were for treatment of infections. The most common reasons for inappropriate AB uses included inappropriate AB choices for treatment and prophylaxis of SSIs (n = 11, 50%) and inappropriate duration (n = 8, 36%). Physicians categorized in higher stages of TTM (action and maintenance) were strongly correlated with appropriate AB uses, while there was no correlation between the total TPB score and appropriateness of AB uses. By multivariate analysis, the TTM action and maintenance (aOR = 7.95; P = 0.02) and self-reported prescribers who considered patients as first priority (aOR = 4.02; P = 0.04) were associated with appropriate AB uses, while neurosurgical procedures (aOR = 0.13; P = 0.003) and antibiotic prescriptions for surgical prophylaxis (aOR = 0.15; P = 0.04) were associated with inappropriate AB uses. Conclusion Antibiotic prescribers categorized by TTM stages strongly correlated with appropriate AB uses. Additional studies to assess appropriate AB prescribing behavior, based on TTM stages of change, offer an opportunity to optimize surgical care. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Wieser, Heike, Fabio Vittadello, Evi Comploj, and Harald Stummer. "Do Health Professionals Sufficiently Address Patients’ Disposition Toward Changing Their Nutritional and Physical Activity Habits? Findings from a Pilot Study among People with Type 2 Diabetes in Northern Italy." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040524.
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The aim of our study was to evaluate the disposition of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) toward changing their nutritional and physical activity habits and associated factors—particularly their perceptions about interacting and communicating with four health professions. Working with a local patients’ association, we invited 364 individuals with DM2, all at least 18 years old, to complete a paper-based survey with questions addressing their experiences of interacting and communicating with general practitioners, nurses, dieticians and diabetologists and about their readiness to change targeted habits, their health literacy and their clinical status. Of the 109 questionnaires collected, 100 were eligible for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Regarding nutritional habits, the highest percentage of participants were at the maintenance stage (26%), whereas regarding physical activity habits the highest percentage of participants were at the preparation stage (31%). Significant differences between the habits emerged for four of the five stages and for two psychological processes. The precontemplation stage was most associated with communication-related variables, whereas the maintenance stage was associated with higher health literacy for both habits, and waist-to-height ratio was associated with several stages of change and psychological processes for physical activity habits. Considering aggregated stages (i.e., active or passive stage), significant differences were observed for all psychological processes except readiness to change nutritional habits. Logistic regression analysis revealed associations of the active stage with higher self-efficacy and lower discrepancy processes for both habits. Nutritional habits were associated with normal HbA1c values and physical activity habits with high cholesterol. Understanding the combination of the stages of change and how they relate to psychological processes can afford meaningful insights into the potential internal and external communication skills of health professions and should be examined as possible elements for a patient evaluation model.
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Guo, Zhaoqiang, Shiran Liu, Jinping Liu, Yanhui Li, Lin Chen, Hongmin Lu, and Yuming Zhou. "How Far Have We Progressed in Identifying Self-admitted Technical Debts? A Comprehensive Empirical Study." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 4 (July 2021): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447247.
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Background. Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is a special kind of technical debt that is intentionally introduced and remarked by code comments. Those technical debts reduce the quality of software and increase the cost of subsequent software maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to find out and resolve these debts in time. Recently, many automatic approaches have been proposed to identify SATD. Problem. Popular IDEs support a number of predefined task annotation tags for indicating SATD in comments, which have been used in many projects. However, such clear prior knowledge is neglected by existing SATD identification approaches when identifying SATD. Objective. We aim to investigate how far we have really progressed in the field of SATD identification by comparing existing approaches with a simple approach that leverages the predefined task tags to identify SATD. Method. We first propose a simple heuristic approach that fuzzily Matches task Annotation Tags ( MAT ) in comments to identify SATD. In nature, MAT is an unsupervised approach, which does not need any data to train a prediction model and has a good understandability. Then, we examine the real progress in SATD identification by comparing MAT against existing approaches. Result. The experimental results reveal that: (1) MAT has a similar or even superior performance for SATD identification compared with existing approaches, regardless of whether non-effort-aware or effort-aware evaluation indicators are considered; (2) the SATDs (or non-SATDs) correctly identified by existing approaches are highly overlapped with those identified by MAT ; and (3) supervised approaches misclassify many SATDs marked with task tags as non-SATDs, which can be easily corrected by their combinations with MAT . Conclusion. It appears that the problem of SATD identification has been (unintentionally) complicated by our community, i.e., the real progress in SATD comments identification is not being achieved as it might have been envisaged. We hence suggest that, when many task tags are used in the comments of a target project, future SATD identification studies should use MAT as an easy-to-implement baseline to demonstrate the usefulness of any newly proposed approach.
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Шишацький, А. В., Ю. В. Журавський, В. М. Остапчук, М. В. Сова, О. Д. Гаращук, and О. І. Пікуль. "Complex methodology of parameters management of military radio networks in the conditions of uncertainty of the radioelectronic situation." Системи обробки інформації, no. 3(162), (September 30, 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2020.162.08.
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The experience of the Joint Forces operation (Anti-terrorist operation in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) shows that the current order of management of military radio communication systems does not always meet the modern requirements for them. The classic centralized approach to the management of channel and network resources of military radio systems does not quite meet modern requirements, so the authors of this article proposed to take mobile self-organizing networks as a basic principle of construction. The authors propose a comprehensive method of managing the parameters of military radio networks in conditions of uncertainty of the electronic environment, the essence of which is to ensure the maintenance of the specified values of the performance of military radio communication systems at the appropriate level. The article is based on the control principle, which is described in the reference network model of open systems interaction, but with some additions and changes. This approach generally allows for end-to-end management of channel and network resources of military radio systems in a complex electronic environment. In the article, the device of fuzzy logic, the theory of electronic suppression, neural networks, the theory of noise protection, the theory of antennas, noise-resistant coding are used. The proposed complex methodology should be used in the development of software for modules (units) for the assessment of advanced radio communications, based on open architecture interfaces version SCA 2.2, which will: use effective signal-code structures to ensure noise immunity of channels; to ensure efficient use of the radio frequency resource of programmable radio communication means; increase the speed of evaluation of communication channels; reduce the use of computing resources of radio communications with programmable architecture.
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Salisbury, Chris, Alicia O’Cathain, Clare Thomas, Louisa Edwards, Alan A. Montgomery, Sandra Hollinghurst, Shirley Large, et al. "An evidence-based approach to the use of telehealth in long-term health conditions: development of an intervention and evaluation through pragmatic randomised controlled trials in patients with depression or raised cardiovascular risk." Programme Grants for Applied Research 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar05010.
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BackgroundHealth services internationally are exploring the potential of telehealth to support the management of the growing number of people with long-term conditions (LTCs).AimTo develop, implement and evaluate new care programmes for patients with LTCs, focusing on two common LTCs as exemplars: depression or high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.MethodsDevelopmentWe synthesised quantitative and qualitative evidence on the effectiveness of telehealth for LTCs, conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with patients and staff and undertook a postal survey to explore which patients are interested in different forms of telehealth. Based on these studies we developed a conceptual model [TElehealth in CHronic disease (TECH) model] as a framework for the development and evaluation of the Healthlines Service for patients with LTCs.ImplementationThe Healthlines Service consisted of regular telephone calls to participants from health information advisors, supporting them to make behaviour change and to use tailored online resources. Advisors sought to optimise participants’ medication and to improve adherence.EvaluationThe Healthlines Service was evaluated with linked pragmatic randomised controlled trials comparing the Healthlines Service plus usual care with usual care alone, with nested process and economic evaluations. Participants were adults with depression or raised CVD risk recruited from 43 general practices in three areas of England. The primary outcome was response to treatment and the secondary outcomes included anxiety (depression trial), individual risk factors (CVD risk trial), self-management skills, medication adherence, perceptions of support, access to health care and satisfaction with treatment.Trial resultsDepression trialIn total, 609 participants were randomised and the retention rate was 86%. Response to treatment [Patient Health Questionnaire 9-items (PHQ-9) reduction of ≥ 5 points and score of < 10 after 4 months] was higher in the intervention group (27%, 68/255) than in the control group (19%, 50/270) [odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 2.5;p = 0.02]. Anxiety also improved. Intervention participants reported better access to health support, greater satisfaction with treatment and small improvements in self-management, but not improved medication adherence.CVD risk trialIn total, 641 participants were randomised and the retention rate was 91%. Response to treatment (maintenance of/reduction in QRISK®2 score after 12 months) was higher in the intervention group (50%, 148/295) than in the control group (43%, 124/291), which does not exclude a null effect (odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.9;p = 0.08). The intervention was associated with small improvements in blood pressure and weight, but not smoking or cholesterol. Intervention participants were more likely to adhere to medication, reported better access to health support and greater satisfaction with treatment, but few improvements in self-management.The Healthlines Service was likely to be cost-effective for CVD risk, particularly if the benefits are sustained, but not for depression. The intervention was implemented largely as planned, although initial delays and later disruption to delivery because of the closure of NHS Direct may have adversely affected participant engagement.ConclusionThe Healthlines Service, designed using an evidence-based conceptual model, provided modest health benefits and participants valued the better access to care and extra support provided. This service was cost-effective for CVD risk but not depression. These findings of small benefits at extra cost are consistent with previous pragmatic research on the implementation of comprehensive telehealth programmes for LTCs.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN14172341 (depression trial) and ISRCTN27508731 (CVD risk trial).FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.
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Murray, Alan, and Robert James Crammond. "Witnessing entrepreneurial perceptions and proclivity in university students." Education + Training 62, no. 4 (April 14, 2020): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-03-2019-0052.
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PurposeThis paper analyses the transition of university students from initial perceptions of enterprise to potentially heightened levels of proclivity towards creative behaviours and future entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a positivist approach, an intention-based scorecard survey targeted to two cohorts totalling 75 undergraduate students leading to 150 responses at a Scottish university. These were circulated at start and end sessions of four relevant courses, to establish a measure for self-evaluation with respect to perception and proclivity.FindingsThe data gathered from the Entrepreneurial Scorecard emphasised differences in perception and proclivity between the two cohorts, namely creativity, risk-taking, leadership and business aspiration. This re-emphasised the three identified themes: awareness through trait identification; autonomy through developing enterprising skills; and achievement through practicing entrepreneurial activities. This formed the basis for our novel model in supporting the entrepreneurial development of students: The Perception to Proclivity Process Model.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focusses on a single case and further research within other institutions and domains is encouraged to contextually test the transferability of the two key outputs: the Entrepreneurial Scorecard and the Perception to Proclivity Process Model.Practical implicationsThe practical output of this research is a novel tool for evaluating entrepreneurial perceptions and proclivity through the scorecard. This study adds to the existing research base around entrepreneurial intention and action whilst providing a new model for a guiding framework for the entrepreneurial student and educator journey.Originality/valueThis paper's approach outlines many themes and inherent questions of concern to enterprise educators and university management towards the creation, maintenance, or development of an enterprise course or programme. This research introduces the concepts of entrepreneurial perception and entrepreneurial proclivity, explaining the important role they play in developing students. Additionally, the scorecard has potential for application in a longitudinal context as a means of establishing potential shifts in entrepreneurial perception and proclivity. However, the application is not limited to the scope of higher education, with clear potential to apply this tool and approach within other domains.
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Liu, Ying-Chieh, Chien-Hung Chen, Yu-Sheng Lin, Hsin-Yun Chen, Denisa Irianti, Ting-Ni Jen, Jou-Yin Yeh, and Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu. "Design and Usability Evaluation of Mobile Voice-Added Food Reporting for Elderly People: Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (September 28, 2020): e20317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20317.
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Background Advances in voice technology have raised new possibilities for apps related to daily health maintenance. However, the usability of such technologies for older users remains unclear and requires further investigation. Objective We designed and evaluated two innovative mobile voice-added apps for food intake reporting, namely voice-only reporting (VOR) and voice-button reporting (VBR). Each app features a unique interactive procedure for reporting food intake. With VOR, users verbally report the main contents of each dish, while VBR provides both voice and existing touch screen inputs for food intake reporting. The relative usability of the two apps was assessed through the metrics of accuracy, efficiency, and user perception. Methods The two mobile apps were compared in a head-to-head parallel randomized trial evaluation. A group of 57 adults aged 60-90 years (12 male and 45 female participants) was recruited from a retirement community and randomized into two experimental groups, that is, VOR (n=30) and VBR (n=27) groups. Both groups were tested using the same set of 17 food items including dishes and beverages selected and allocated to present distinct breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals. All participants used a 7-inch tablet computer for the test. The resulting data were analyzed to evaluate reporting accuracy and time efficiency, and the system usability scale (SUS) was used to measure user perception. Results For eight error types identified in the experiment, the VBR group participants were significantly (P<.001) more error prone owing to the required use of button-tapping actions. The highest error rates in the VOR group were related to incomprehensible reporting speech (28/420, 6.7%), while the highest error rates in the VBR group were related to failure to make required button taps (39/378, 10.3%). The VOR group required significantly (P<.001) less time to complete food reporting. The overall subjective reactions of the two groups based on the SUS surpassed the benchmark and were not significantly different (P=.20). Conclusions Experimental results showed that VOR outperformed VBR, suggesting that voice-only food input reporting is preferable for elderly users. Voice-added apps offer a potential mechanism for the self-management of dietary intake by elderly users. Our study contributes an evidence-based evaluation of prototype design and selection under a user-centered design model. The results provide a useful reference for selecting optimal user interaction design. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Registry ISRCTN17335889; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17335889.
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Ma, Wenxue, Larissa Balaian, Phoebe Mondala, Yudou He, Cayla Mason, Jessica Pham, Jeremy Lee, et al. "Imetelstat Inhibits Telomerase and Prevents Propagation of ADAR1-Activated Myeloproliferative Neoplasm and Leukemia Stem Cells." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140771.
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BACKGROUND Clonal stem cell derived myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have a propensity to evolve to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Deregulation of the innate immune deaminase associated with RNA1 (ADAR1) has been linked to malignant progression and therapeutic resistance. Increased expression of the stem cell gene, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), has also been linked with malignant transformation. However, the combinatorial role of ADAR1 and hTERT in the evolution of MPN stem cells to therapy resistant acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and the capacity of a telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat, to prevent survival and self-renewal of pre-LSC and LSC had not been established. Recent clinical trials show early signs of efficacy of imetelstat in treatment of myelofibrosis (MF). However, its role in selectively inhibiting pre-LSC transformation to self-renewing LSC has not been elucidated. Here we show that targeting telomerase activity prevents pre-LSC and LSC maintenance both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting telomerase inhibition as an effective strategy for preventing MPN progression. METHODS To quantify hTERT level and ADAR1 activity in the setting of normal HSPC and MPN stem cell evolution, whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed on 76 normal and MPN blood CD34+ cells and matching saliva samples. Results were compared with RNA-seq of 100 FACS purified young, aged, MPN and AML CD34+CD38- stem cells and CD34+CD38+ progenitor cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopic evaluation of stem cell ADAR1 and hTERT localization, telomere length by Flow-FISH and telomerase activity by TRAP assays, lentiviral ADAR1 overexpression and shRNA knockdown were performed. In vitro stromal co-cultures, and humanized immunocompromised mouse models were established to determine the impact of imetelstat (a oligonucleotide inhibitor of telomerase) on normal, MPN stem cell and LSC maintenance. RESULTS Combined hTERT overexpression, ADAR1 activation and a significant reduction in telomere length correlated with accelerated stem cell aging during MPN progression to AML. Increased ADAR1 mediated adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) transcript editing coincided with accelerated telomere shortening in high risk MPN stem cells. Moreover, lentiviral ADAR1 overexpression enhanced pre-LSC engraftment. Treatment with imetelstat reduced MPN stem cell and LSC propagation in stromal co-cultures as well as in humanized mouse models commensurate with reduced hTERT expression levels and telomerase activity and decreased ADAR1 editing activity. Specifically, stromal co-culture assays revealed that combined treatment with dasatinib at 1 nM, and imetelstat at 1 µM or 5 µM significantly inhibited survival and replating of blast crisis (BC) CML progenitors compared with aged bone marrow progenitors (p < 0.001, ANOVA). As a single agent, imetelstat (5 µM) inhibited survival and replating of pre-LSC derived from myelofibrosis compared with normal bone marrow progenitor samples (p < 0.001, ANOVA). In pre-LSC MPN NSG-SGM mouse models established from 4 different MF samples, a significant reduction in proliferation of human CD45+ cells (p < 0.01, t test) was observed in bone marrow and spleen, when compared with vehicle control. Treatment of humanized LSC mouse models, established with 5 different BC CML, with 30 mg/kg of imetelstat, 3 times a week for 4 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation of malignant progenitors and human CD45+ cells (p < 0.001, ANOVA). As measured by a Flow-FISH assay, abnormal telomere length was reversed by imetelstat treatment compared with mismatch control (p < 0.05, ANOVA). In addition, FACS analysis revealed a significant reduction in activated beta-catenin expression after imetelstat treatment of LSC engrafted mice compared with vehicle control (p < 0.01, ANOVA). Finally, RNA-seq analysis performed on human CD34+ cells from imetelstat treated LSC mouse models revealed a significant reduction in LSC harboring malignant ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing at doses that spared normal hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Combined WGS and RNA-Seq analyses, lentiviral ADAR1 overexpression, stromal co-culture assays and humanized pre-LSC and LSC mouse model studies reveal that pre-LSC evolution into LSC coincides with both ADAR1 and hTERT activation, which can be prevented with imetelstat. Disclosures Rizo: Geron Corp: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Huang:Geron Corp: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Jamieson:Forty Seven Inc: Patents & Royalties; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other.
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Skovlund, Søren Eik, Antonio Nicolucci, Nina Balk-Møller, Dorthe B. Berthelsen, Charlotte Glümer, Hans Perrild, Pernille Kjær, et al. "Perceived Benefits, Barriers, and Facilitators of a Digital Patient-Reported Outcomes Tool for Routine Diabetes Care: Protocol for a National, Multicenter, Mixed Methods Implementation Study." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): e28391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28391.
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Background There is growing evidence that digital patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires and PRO-based decision support tools may help improve the active engagement of people with diabetes in self-care, thereby improving the quality of care. However, many barriers still exist for the real-world effectiveness and implementation of such PRO tools in routine care. Furthermore, limited research has evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and benefits of such tools across different health care settings. Objective This study aims to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived benefits of the Danish digital PRO diabetes tool in different health care settings in Denmark and to determine the factors affecting its implementation. Furthermore, the study evaluates the psychometric characteristics of the Danish PRO Diabetes Questionnaire and the validity of the scoring algorithms for dialogue support. The objective of this study is to guide the ongoing optimization of the PRO diabetes tool, its implementation, and the design of future randomized controlled effectiveness studies. Methods We designed a multicenter, mixed methods, single-arm acceptability-feasibility implementation study protocol to contribute to the real-world pilot test of a new digital PRO diabetes tool in routine diabetes care. The use of the tool involves two main steps. First, the people with diabetes will complete a digital PRO Diabetes Questionnaire in the days before a routine diabetes visit. Second, the health care professional (HCP) will use a digital PRO tool to review the PRO results together with the people with diabetes during the visit. The PRO diabetes tool is designed to encourage and support people to take an active role for the people with diabetes in their own care and to expedite the delivery of person-centered, collaborative, and coordinated care. Results A multicenter pilot study protocol and psychometrically designed digital data collection tools for evaluation were developed and deployed as part of a national evaluation of a new digital PRO diabetes intervention. A total of 598 people with diabetes and 34 HCPs completed the study protocol by April 1, 2021. Conclusions A large-scale, mixed methods, multicenter study for evaluating the use of the nationally developed PRO Diabetes Questionnaire in routine care across all health care sectors in Denmark by using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) model as a framework has been designed and is ongoing. This study is expected to provide new important and detailed information about the real-world acceptability, perceived relevance, and benefits of the PRO diabetes tool among a large heterogeneous population of people with diabetes in Denmark and HCPs in different care settings. The results will be used to further improve the PRO tool, design implementation facilitation support strategies, and design future controlled effectiveness studies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28391
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Meinert, Edward, Madison Milne-Ives, Svitlana Surodina, and Ching Lam. "Agile Requirements Engineering and Software Planning for a Digital Health Platform to Engage the Effects of Isolation Caused by Social Distancing: Case Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): e19297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19297.
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Background Social distancing and shielding measures have been put in place to reduce social interaction and slow the transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). For older people, self-isolation presents particular challenges for mental health and social relationships. As time progresses, continued social distancing could have a compounding impact on these concerns. Objective This project aims to provide a tool for older people and their families and peers to improve their well-being and health during and after regulated social distancing. First, we will evaluate the tool’s feasibility, acceptability, and usability to encourage positive nutrition, enhance physical activity, and enable virtual interaction while social distancing. Second, we will be implementing the app to provide an online community to assist families and peer groups in maintaining contact with older people using goal setting. Anonymized data from the app will be aggregated with other real-world data sources to develop a machine learning algorithm to improve the identification of patients with COVID-19 and track for real time use by health systems. Methods Development of this project is occurring at the time of publication, and therefore, a case study design was selected to provide a systematic means of capturing software engineering in progress. The app development framework for software design was based on agile methods. The evaluation of the app’s feasibility, acceptability and usability shall be conducted using Public Health England's guidance on evaluating digital health products, Bandura’s model of health promotion, the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and the Nonadoption, Abandonment and Challenges to the Scale-up, Spread and Suitability (NASSS) framework. Results Making use of a pre-existing software framework for health behavior change, a proof of concept was developed, and a multistage app development and deployment for the solution was created. Grant submissions to fund the project and study execution have been sought at the time of publication, and prediscovery iteration of the solution has begun. Ethical approval for a feasibility study design is being sought. Conclusions This case study lays the foundations for future app development to combat mental and societal issues arising from social distancing measures. The app will be tested and evaluated in future studies to allow continuous improvement of the app. This novel contribution will provide an evidence-based exemplar for future app development in the space of social isolation and loneliness.
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Bonten, Tobias N., Sanne Marije Verkleij, Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, Karin Busch, Wilbert B. van den Hout, Niels H. Chavannes, and Mattijs E. Numans. "Selective prevention of cardiovascular disease using integrated lifestyle intervention in primary care: protocol of the Healthy Heart stepped-wedge trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e043829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043829.
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IntroductionLifestyle interventions are shown to be effective in improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. It has been suggested that general practitioners can play an essential role in CVD prevention. However, studies into lifestyle interventions for primary care patients at high cardiovascular risk are scarce and structural implementation of lifestyle interventions can be challenging. Therefore, this study aims to (1) evaluate (cost-)effectiveness of implementation of an integrated group-based lifestyle programme in primary care practices; (2) identify effective intervention elements and (3) identify implementation determinants of an integrated group-based lifestyle intervention for patients with high cardiovascular risk.Methods and analysisThe Healthy Heart study is a non-randomised cluster stepped-wedge trial. Primary care practices will first offer standard care during a control period of 2–6 months, after which practices will switch (step) to the intervention, offering participants a choice between a group-based lifestyle programme or standard care. Participants enrolled during the control period (standard care) will be compared with participants enrolled during the intervention period (combined standard care and group-based lifestyle intervention). We aim to include 1600 primary care patients with high cardiovascular risk from 55 primary care practices in the area of The Hague, the Netherlands. A mixed-methods process evaluation will be used to simultaneously assess effectiveness and implementation outcomes. The primary outcome measure will be achievement of individual lifestyle goals after 6 months. Secondary outcomes include lifestyle change of five lifestyle components (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, weight and physical activity) and improvement of quality of life and self-efficacy. Outcomes are assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up. Routine care data will be used to compare blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Cost-effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention will be evaluated. Implementation outcomes will be assessed using the RE-AIM model, to assesses five dimensions of implementation at different levels of organisation: reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance. Determinants of adoption and implementation will be assessed using focus groups consisting of professionals and patients.Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center (P17.079). Results will be shared with the primary care group, healthcare providers and patients, and will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNL60795.058.17. Status: pre-results
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Flammini, Francesco. "Digital twins as run-time predictive models for the resilience of cyber-physical systems: a conceptual framework." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2207 (August 16, 2021): 20200369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0369.
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Digital twins (DT) are emerging as an extremely promising paradigm for run-time modelling and performability prediction of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in various domains. Although several different definitions and industrial applications of DT exist, ranging from purely visual three-dimensional models to predictive maintenance tools, in this paper, we focus on data-driven evaluation and prediction of critical dependability attributes such as safety. To that end, we introduce a conceptual framework based on autonomic systems to host DT run-time models based on a structured and systematic approach. We argue that the convergence between DT and self-adaptation is the key to building smarter, resilient and trustworthy CPS that can self-monitor, self-diagnose and—ultimately—self-heal. The conceptual framework eases dependability assessment, which is essential for the certification of autonomous CPS operating with artificial intelligence and machine learning in critical applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.
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Taylor, Adrian H., Rod S. Taylor, Wendy M. Ingram, Nana Anokye, Sarah Dean, Kate Jolly, Nanette Mutrie, et al. "Adding web-based behavioural support to exercise referral schemes for inactive adults with chronic health conditions: the e-coachER RCT." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 63 (November 2020): 1–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24630.
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Background There is modest evidence that exercise referral schemes increase physical activity in inactive individuals with chronic health conditions. There is a need to identify additional ways to improve the effects of exercise referral schemes on long-term physical activity. Objectives To determine if adding the e-coachER intervention to exercise referral schemes is more clinically effective and cost-effective in increasing physical activity after 1 year than usual exercise referral schemes. Design A pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm randomised controlled trial, with a mixed-methods process evaluation and health economic analysis. Participants were allocated in a 1 : 1 ratio to either exercise referral schemes plus e-coachER (intervention) or exercise referral schemes alone (control). Setting Patients were referred to exercise referral schemes in Plymouth, Birmingham and Glasgow. Participants There were 450 participants aged 16–74 years, with a body mass index of 30–40 kg/m2, with hypertension, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, lower limb osteoarthritis or a current/recent history of treatment for depression, who were also inactive, contactable via e-mail and internet users. Intervention e-coachER was designed to augment exercise referral schemes. Participants received a pedometer and fridge magnet with physical activity recording sheets, and a user guide to access the web-based support in the form of seven ‘steps to health’. e-coachER aimed to build the use of behavioural skills (e.g. self-monitoring) while strengthening favourable beliefs in the importance of physical activity, competence, autonomy in physical activity choices and relatedness. All participants were referred to a standard exercise referral scheme. Primary outcome measure Minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity in ≥ 10-minute bouts measured by an accelerometer over 1 week at 12 months, worn ≥ 16 hours per day for ≥ 4 days including ≥ 1 weekend day. Secondary outcomes Other accelerometer-derived physical activity measures, self-reported physical activity, exercise referral scheme attendance and EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were collected at 4 and 12 months post randomisation. Results Participants had a mean body mass index of 32.6 (standard deviation) 4.4 kg/m2, were referred primarily for weight loss and were mostly confident self-rated information technology users. Primary outcome analysis involving those with usable data showed a weak indicative effect in favour of the intervention group (n = 108) compared with the control group (n = 124); 11.8 weekly minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (95% confidence interval –2.1 to 26.0 minutes; p = 0.10). Sixty-four per cent of intervention participants logged on at least once; they gave generally positive feedback on the web-based support. The intervention had no effect on other physical activity outcomes, exercise referral scheme attendance (78% in the control group vs. 75% in the intervention group) or EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, but did enhance a number of process outcomes (i.e. confidence, importance and competence) compared with the control group at 4 months, but not at 12 months. At 12 months, the intervention group incurred an additional mean cost of £439 (95% confidence interval –£182 to £1060) compared with the control group, but generated more quality-adjusted life-years (mean 0.026, 95% confidence interval 0.013 to 0.040), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of an additional £16,885 per quality-adjusted life-year. Limitations A significant proportion (46%) of participants were not included in the primary analysis because of study withdrawal and insufficient device wear-time, so the results must be interpreted with caution. The regression model fit for the primary outcome was poor because of the considerable proportion of participants [142/243 (58%)] who recorded no instances of ≥ 10-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous physical activity at 12 months post randomisation. Future work The design and rigorous evaluation of cost-effective and scalable ways to increase exercise referral scheme uptake and maintenance of moderate and vigorous physical activity are needed among patients with chronic conditions. Conclusions Adding e-coachER to usual exercise referral schemes had only a weak indicative effect on long-term rigorously defined, objectively assessed moderate and vigorous physical activity. The provision of the e-coachER support package led to an additional cost and has a 63% probability of being cost-effective based on the UK threshold of £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. The intervention did improve some process outcomes as specified in our logic model. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15644451. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 63. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Ng, Ashlen S., and Maree J. Abbott. "The Impact of Self-Imagery on Affective, Cognitive, and Attentional Processes in Social Phobia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature." Behaviour Change 31, no. 3 (August 13, 2014): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2014.12.
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Social Phobia (SP) is a psychological disorder characterised by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations that interferes with daily functioning. Cognitive models of SP (Clark & Wells, 1995; Hofmann, 2007; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) emphasise the role of negative images of the self as an important factor in the maintenance of SP. While empirical research has demonstrated the link between negative self-imagery and social anxiety, many aspects of this cognitive factor are yet to be understood. Currently, there is limited research investigating the impact of different types of self-imagery and their effects on social anxiety and performance. Further research assessing the relationships between self-imagery and other maintaining processes proposed in cognitive models is also warranted. This review assesses the literature focusing on self-imagery in social anxiety, including qualitative, empirical, and preliminary treatment studies to date. Recommendations for future research and the use of imagery-based rescripting methods in the treatment of SP are also discussed.
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Vanalle, Rosângela Maria, Wagner Cezar Lucato, and Roberto Torres Rodrigues. "The utilization of ISO 9004: case study of the maintenance area of a public transportation company." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 22, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jqme-04-2014-0017.
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Purpose – The continuous improvement in the performance and satisfaction of all stakeholders is a permanent management objective and part of an organisation’s strategy. To achieve this goal, organisations invest in technological upgrades, process improvements and management models that assure efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of measuring the management maturity level of an organisation that is dedicated to passenger public transportation; this organisation is used as a reference framework for the self-evaluation maturity-level measurement tool provided by the ISO 9004:2009 standard. Design/methodology/approach – The objective of this paper was accomplished through a case study in which the selected measurement instrument was applied to the management system of the maintenance area of one of the largest subway companies in Brazil. Findings – The results of the study showed that the referential method was capable of precisely and adequately measuring the maturity level of the appraised management system. The method also enabled the researchers to identify best practices for the study organisation, which can be employed by the administration to develop action plans to improve their management system. Research limitations/implications – As a limitation, the results obtained by this paper cannot be generalised, because they were based on only one company. As a result, the conclusions established cannot be extended to other types of companies since their competitive priorities and management practices may be different and generate characteristics of maturity that were not considered in this work. However, these limitations can be minimised if additional researches ponder other types of organisations. Practical implications – On the practical side, this paper motivates companies to improve their operations management by using the self-evaluation tool to identify gaps in their management systems and consequently plan actions to achieve the related improvements. Originality/value – The ISO 9004:2009 standard provides a self-evaluation instrument that can support companies on measuring their respective management system maturity level. However, this paper was able to demonstrate that the aforesaid tool can be used in a broader way as it allows management to define action plans to boost their management systems towards a full utilisation of best management practices.
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Saygin, Caner, Andrew Wiechert, Vinay S. Rao, Ravi Alluri, Elizabeth Connor, Praveena S. Thiagarajan, James S. Hale, et al. "CD55 regulates self-renewal and cisplatin resistance in endometrioid tumors." Journal of Experimental Medicine 214, no. 9 (August 24, 2017): 2715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170438.
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Effective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) requires neutralization of self-renewal and chemoresistance, but these phenotypes are often regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Here we report the ability to target both of these phenotypes via CD55, an intrinsic cell surface complement inhibitor, which was identified in a comparative analysis between CSCs and non-CSCs in endometrioid cancer models. In this context, CD55 functions in a complement-independent manner and required lipid raft localization for CSC maintenance and cisplatin resistance. CD55 regulated self-renewal and core pluripotency genes via ROR2/JNK signaling and in parallel cisplatin resistance via lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) signaling, which induced DNA repair genes. Targeting LCK signaling via saracatinib, an inhibitor currently undergoing clinical evaluation, sensitized chemoresistant cells to cisplatin. Collectively, our findings identify CD55 as a unique signaling node that drives self-renewal and therapeutic resistance through a bifurcating signaling axis and provides an opportunity to target both signaling pathways in endometrioid tumors.
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Donald, Juliet, Maree J. Abbott, and Evelyn Smith. "Comparison of Attention Training and Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Social Phobia: A Preliminary Investigation." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 1 (December 11, 2012): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465812001051.
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Background: Prominent models of social phobia highlight the role played by attentional factors, such as self-focused attention, in the development and maintenance of social phobia. Elevated self-focused attention is associated with increases in self-rated anxiety. Treatments that aim to modify and change attentional processes, specifically self-focused attention, will have a direct effect on social phobia symptoms. Thus, Attention Training targets attentional focus. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Attention Training in comparison to an established treatment for social phobia, Cognitive Therapy. Method: Participants (Intention-to-treat = 45; completers = 30) were allocated to either 6 weeks of Attention Training or Cognitive Therapy. It was hypothesized that both treatments would be effective in reducing social phobia symptoms, but that Attention Training would work primarily by reducing levels of self-focused attention. Results: The results found an overall effectiveness of both treatment conditions in reducing social phobia symptoms. However, Attention Training significantly improved scores on the Self-Focused Attention questionnaire and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation questionnaire compared to Cognitive Therapy. Conclusion: Attention Training seems to be a promising treatment for social phobia.
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Durand, V. Mark, and Gloria Kishi. "Reducing Severe Behavior Problems among Persons with Dual Sensory Impairments: An Evaluation of a Technical Assistance Model." Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 12, no. 1 (March 1987): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079698701200102.
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A consultation model to provide technical assistance for the treatment of severe behavior problems exhibited by persons with severe/profound retardation and dual sensory impairments (deaf/blind) is evaluated. Technical assistance was provided to two programs in the areas of behavior management and curriculum design. During visits to these programs, we: (a) identified problem behaviors and possible controlling variables, (b) identified curriculum needs and made recommendations for changes, (c) videotaped clients and staff and established staff-implemented data collection procedures, (d) trained staff and intervened with each client using functional communication training, and (e) conducted follow-up observations. A “correlated probe” design combining staff-collected and consultant-collected data was used to evaluate the results of the technical assistance. Data from five individuals who engaged in behaviors such as severe aggression, self-injury, and tantrums are presented. Clients with dual sensory impairments were successfully taught to communicate basic requests, and this resulted in significant reductions in behavior problems for four of the five clients at follow-up. Issues related to a technical assistance model are discussed, including steps for programming maintenance.
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Crews, Leslie A., Larissa Balaian, Heather Leu, Nathaniel Delos Santos, Angela C. Court, Anil Sadarangani, Maria A. Zipeto, et al. "RNA Splicing Modulation Impairs Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Maintenance." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.567.567.
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Abstract Introduction Disease relapse is the leading cause of death in secondary AML (sAML), which evolves from antecedent hematologic disorders like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) or following exposure to chemotherapy. Persistence of therapy-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSC) harboring enhanced survival and self-renewal capacity has been linked to high relapse rates in sAML. Previously, we showed that missplicing of a stem cell regulatory gene, GSK3 b, and splice isoform switching favoring pro-survival BCL2 family isoform expression promoted generation of therapy-resistant LSC (Abrahamsson et al PNAS 2009; Goff et al Cell Stem Cell 2013). However, whether aberrant pre-mRNA splicing promotes sAML LSC generation, in the absence of mutation, and if pharmacological splicing modulation impairs LSC maintenance, in a mutation-independent manner, has not been elucidated. Methods and Results Comparative RNA-sequencing and gene set enrichment analyses revealed significant alterations in splicing factor gene expression in purified progenitors from untreated sAML compared with normal samples. In addition, using an isoform-specific alignment algorithm, we established a sAML LSC splice isoform expression signature that identified increased expression of select transcripts, e.g. CD82 and PTK2B. Thus, we investigated the LSC inhibitory efficacy of a stable, potent splicing modulatory agent, 17S -FD-895, in humanized AML LSC stromal co-culture and primagraft assays. Notably, there was a dose-dependent reduction in AML LSC (n=4) survival and self-renewal after in vitro 17S -FD-895 treatment, with a favorable therapeutic index compared to normal controls (n=3, p<0.01). Splicing reporter activity and PCR analyses revealed rapid and potent 17S -FD-895-induced alterations in splicing, promoting pro-apoptotic isoform expression and intron inclusion in the stem cell regulatory gene MCL1. Also, 17S -FD-895 restored normal expression patterns of PTK2B, and MCL1-L/S and BLC2-L/S expression ratios. Flow cytometric analyses in AML LSC primagraft models treated with 17S -FD-895 (5-10 mg/kg delivered intravenously in 3 doses over 2 weeks) revealed a decrease in human stem (CD45+ CD34+ CD38- Lin-, 68% reduction in the spleens of the 10 mg/kg group versus vehicle controls, n=5 mice per group, p<0.05) and progenitor (CD45+ CD34+ CD38+ Lin-, 80% reduction to nearly zero in the spleens of the 10 mg/kg group versus vehicle controls, p=0.08) cell frequencies. Furthermore, MCL1-L/S and BCL2-L/S expression ratios were significantly reduced in LSC-enriched fractions from 17S -FD-895-treated mice compared to vehicle controls. Consistent with a reduction in functional LSC burden after 17S -FD-895 treatment, subsequent serial transplantation studies showed a 47-65% reduction in leukemic burden in the hematopoietic tissues of recipients of CD34+ cells from mice in the 10 mg/kg treatment group versus vehicle controls (n=5 mice per group, p<0.05). Conclusions Here we demonstrate that a potent and stable splicing modulatory agent, 17S -FD-895, normalized sAML-specific splice isoform expression patterns as well as MCL1-L/S and BLC2-L/S ratios. Moreover, pharmacologic splicing modulation reduced AML LSC survival and self-renewal in a dose-dependent manner in both in vitro and in vivo models with a favorable therapeutic index. Further evaluation of this compound as a splicing-targeted single agent or combined with standard of care therapy may reduce or eradicate LSC burden in therapy-resistant sAML. In addition, LSC-specific splice isoforms may represent important biomarkers that could be developed as companion diagnostics for splicing-targeted therapies in sAML and other recalcitrant malignancies. Disclosures Jamieson: Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding.