Academic literature on the topic 'Self-incompatibility (SI)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Self-incompatibility (SI)"
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Kučera, V., V. Chytilová, M. Vyvadilová, and M. Klíma. "Hybrid breeding of cauliflower using self-incompatibility and cytoplasmic male sterility." Horticultural Science 33, No. 4 (November 23, 2011): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3754-hortsci.
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Two self-sterility systems, self-incompatibility (SI) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were used to verify their suitability for hybrid breeding of cauliflower. The possibility of reproduction of SI and CMS lines in isolation cages using insect pollinators were proved. The best results in reproduction of SI lines derived from the cultivar Montano were achieved by spraying with 3% NaCl solution in the evening and using bumblebees as pollinators. The mean weight of seeds per plant attained approximately 5 g. Two CMS lines bred from cultivars Brilant and Fortuna achieved seed set per plant after honeybee pollination with their fertile analogues 0.8 and 2.0 g, respectively. The yield of F1 seeds in hybridization experiment based on SI was 1.8 grams per plant of SI mother line. In hybridization based on CMS, the yield of F1 seeds per CMS plant was 2.3 grams. The F1 hybrid of SI line Montano × self-pollinating line from cv. Fortuna showed to be the best combination in a preliminary field trial.
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Stephens, Loren C. "Self-incompatibility in Echinacea purpurea." HortScience 43, no. 5 (August 2008): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1350.
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Progenies derived from self-pollination and parent–offspring backcrosses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench accession PI 631307 revealed that a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system was operating in this germplasm. Offspring of progenies from the original accession were self-incompatible, but most self-pollinations resulted in some self-seed set. One seedling from such a self-pollination was reciprocally crosscompatible with its parent, proving that a sporophytic SI system was operational. The F3BC1 progeny could be classified into two offspring groups. The first group of two seedlings was reciprocally compatible with its seed parent but reciprocally incompatible with its pollen parent based on stigma collapse of the seed parent florets 2 to 4 days after pollination. The second offspring group of three seedlings was reciprocally incompatible with its seed parent but reciprocally compatible with its pollen parent. Seed set data were in agreement with classification by stigma collapse in seven of 10 backcrosses, including in several reciprocally compatible backcrosses that provided further proof of a sporophytic SI system. Additionally, a χ2 test showed that the data fit a sporophytic SI model with S allele dominance operating in pollen and pistil. Assuming that S allele dominance is widespread within Echinacea purpurea, it should be possible to produce inbred lines by making successive generations of full-sib crosses.
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Franklin-Tong, Vernonica E., and F. C. H. Franklin. "The different mechanisms of gametophytic self–incompatibility." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1434 (June 29, 2003): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1287.
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Self–incompatibility (SI) involves the recognition and rejection of self or genetically identical pollen. Gametophytic SI is probably the most widespread of the SI systems and, so far, two completely different SI mechanisms, which appear to have evolved separately, have been identified. One mechanism is the RNase system, which is found in the Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae. The other is a complex system, so far found only in the Papaveraceae, which involves the triggering of signal transduction cascade(s) that result in rapid pollen tube inhibition and cell death. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the mechanisms involved in controlling pollen tube inhibition in these two systems.
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Hiscock, Simon J., and David A. Tabah. "The different mechanisms of sporophytic self–incompatibility." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1434 (June 29, 2003): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1297.
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Flowering plants have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to avoid self–fertilization and promote outbreeding. Self–incompatibility (SI) is by far the most common of these, and is found in ca . 60% of flowering plants. SI is a genetically controlled pollen–pistil recognition system that provides a barrier to fertilization by self and self–related pollen in hermaphrodite (usually co–sexual) flowering plants. Two genetically distinct forms of SI can be recognized: gametophytic SI (GSI) and sporophytic SI (SSI), distinguished by how the incompatibility phenotype of the pollen is determined. GSI appears to be the most common mode of SI and can operate through at least three different mechanisms, two of which have been characterized extensively at a molecular level in the Solanaceae and Papaveraceae. Because molecular studies of SSI have been largely confined to species from the Brassicaceae, predominantly Brassica species, it is not yet known whether SSI, like GSI, can operate through different molecular mechanisms. Molecular studies of SSI are now being carried out on Ipomoea trifida (Convolvulaceae) and Senecio squalidus (Asteraceae) and are providing important preliminary data suggesting that SSI in these two families does not share the same molecular mechanism as that of the Brassicaceae. Here, what is currently known about the molecular regulation of SSI in the Brassicaceae is briefly reviewed, and the emerging data on SSI in I. trifida , and more especially in S. squalidus , are discussed.
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Maune, Juan Federico, Elsa Lucila Camadro, and Luis Ernesto Erazzú. "Cross-incompatibility and self-incompatibility: unrelated phenomena in wild and cultivated potatoes?" Botany 96, no. 1 (January 2018): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0070.
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Knowledge of internal hybridization barriers is relevant for germplasm conservation and utilization. The two pre-zygotic barriers are pollen–pistil self-incompatibility (SI) and cross-incompatibility (CI). To ascertain whether SI and CI were phenotypically related phenomena in potatoes, extensive intra- and interspecific, both intra- and interploidy breeding relationships were established, without previous assumptions on the compatibility behavior of the studied germplasm. Pollen–pistil relationships were analyzed at the individual genotype/accession/family level. In two seasons, 828 intra- and interspecific genotypic combinations were performed, using accessions of the wild potatoes Solanum chacoense Bitter (2n = 2x = 24), S. gourlayi Hawkes (2n = 2x = 24; 2n = 4x = 48), and S. spegazzinii Bitter (2n = 2x = 24), full-sibling (hereinafter “full-sib”) families (2n = 2x = 24) within/between the latter two diploids, and S. tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48) cultivars. Pollen–pistil incompatibility occurred in the upper first third of the style (I1/3) in all selfed diploids. In both the intra- and interspecific combinations, the most frequent relationship was compatibility, followed by I1/3, but incompatibility also occurred in the stigma and the style (middle third and bottom third). We observed segregation for these relationships in full-sib families, and unilateral and bilateral incompatibility in reciprocal crosses between functional SI genotypes. Cross-incompatibility in potatoes is, apparently, controlled by genes independent of the S-locus or its S-haplotype recognition region (although molecular evidence is needed to confirm it), with segregation even within accessions.
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Lewis, L. J., and D. L. Woods. "Field performance of self-compatible and an equal proportion mixture of self-compatible and self-incompatible summer rape lines at two Alberta locations in 1989." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-106.
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Two sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) alleles were introgressed from Brassica napus rapid cycling material into five self-compatible (SC) lines of oilseed summer rape. The field performance of segregating BC2F2 lines (SC:SI 1:1) was compared with the corresponding SC lines using a split-plot field design. Plants of the SC-SI mixed stands produced, in comparison to plants of the SC plots, more siliques on the main raceme, but the siliques contained fewer seed suggesting that SI plants might not have been fully fertilised. Key words: Rape (summer), sporophytic self-incompatibility
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Duarte, Mariana Oliveira, Denise Maria Trombert Oliveira, and Eduardo Leite Borba. "Two Self-Incompatibility Sites Occur Simultaneously in the Same Acianthera Species (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae)." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121758.
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In most species of Pleurothallidinae, the self-incompatibility site occurs in the stylar canal inside the column, which is typical of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). However, in some species of Acianthera, incompatible pollen tubes with anomalous morphology reach the ovary, as those are obstructed in the column. We investigated if a distinct self-incompatibility (SI) system is acting on the ovary of A. johannensis, which is a species with partial self-incompatibility, contrasting with a full SI species, A. fabiobarrosii. We analyzed the morphology and development of pollen tubes in the column, ovary, and fruit using light, epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that the main reaction site in A. johannensis is in the stylar canal inside the column, which was also recorded in A. fabiobarrosii. Morphological and cytological characteristics of the pollen tubes with obstructed growth in the column indicated a process of programmed cell death in these tubes, showing a possible GSI reaction. In addition, partially self-incompatible individuals of A. johannensis exhibit a second SI site in the ovary. We suggest that this self-incompatibility site in the ovary is only an extension of GSI that acts in the column, differing from the typical late-acting self-incompatibility system recorded in other plant groups.
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Herrera, Sara, Javier Rodrigo, José Hormaza, and Jorge Lora. "Identification of Self-Incompatibility Alleles by Specific PCR Analysis and S-RNase Sequencing in Apricot." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 3612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113612.
Full textAbstract:
Self-incompatibility (SI) is one of the most efficient mechanisms to promote out-crossing in plants. However, SI could be a problem for fruit production. An example is apricot (Prunus armeniaca), in which, as in other species of the Rosaceae, SI is determined by an S-RNase-based-Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility (GSI) system. Incompatibility relationships between cultivars can be established by an S-allele genotyping PCR strategy. Until recently, most of the traditional European apricot cultivars were self-compatible but several breeding programs have introduced an increasing number of new cultivars whose pollination requirements are unknown. To fill this gap, we have identified the S-allele of 44 apricot genotypes, of which 43 are reported here for the first time. The identification of Sc in 15 genotypes suggests that those cultivars are self-compatible. In five genotypes, self-(in)compatibility was established by the observation of pollen tube growth in self-pollinated flowers, since PCR analysis could not allowed distinguishing between the Sc and S8 alleles. Self-incompatible genotypes were assigned to their corresponding self-incompatibility groups. The knowledge of incompatibility relationships between apricot cultivars can be a highly valuable tool for the development of future breeding programs by selecting the appropriate parents and for efficient orchard design by planting self-compatible and inter-compatible cultivars.
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Campbell, T. A. "Molecular analysis of genetic relatedness among alfalfa clones differing in levels of self-incompatibility." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-057.
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The possibility of increasing hybridity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars through the use of self-incompatible (SI) parents is being investigated. Prior research has demonstrated that self-incompatibility is a heritable trait and that environmentally stable SI clones can be selected. However, inbreeding depression is very severe in alfalfa, and a potential problem associated with utilizing self-incompatibility to increase hybridity is the purported positive relationship between self-incompatibility and inbreeding. Fifteen stable, partially to fully self-incompatible clones and 18 stable self-compatible (SC) clones were selected from the broad-based population W10-AC3. RAPD, Anchored Microsatellite Priming (AMSP), and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) analyses were performed on genomic DNA using 9, 10-mer RAPD primers; the AMSP primers (from the 5' end) CAA(CA)5, CCCC(GA)5, CCG(GA)5, and GCC(GA)5; and eight SSR primer pairs. Based on genetic distance (GD) estimates (computed from RAPD and AMSP markers) and numbers of tri-allelic and tetra-allelic loci from SSR analysis, there is no evidence that SI clones were more closely related than SC clones. Assuming parental GD is positively correlated with heterosis, environmentally stable SI clones with acceptable specific combining ability and separated by large GD's would be a good basis for a hybrid alfalfa system, or for use in other breeding schemes designed to minimize inbreeding while maximizing heterosis. Key words: Anchored microsatellite-priming, heterosis, inbreeding, RAPD, self incompatibility, SSR
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Thomas, Steve, Kim Osman, Barend H. J. de Graaf, Galina Shevchenko, Mike Wheeler, Chris (F C. H. ). Franklin, and Noni (V E. ). Franklin-Tong. "Investigating mechanisms involved in the self–incompatibility response in Papaver rhoeas." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1434 (June 29, 2003): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1288.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is controlled by recognition mechanisms involving the male gametophyte (the pollen) and the female sporophyte (the pistil). Self–incompatibility (SI) involves the recognition and rejection of self– or incompatible pollen by the pistil. In Papaver rhoeas , SI uses a Ca 2+ –based signalling cascade triggered by the S –protein, which is encoded by the stigmatic component of the S –locus. This results in the rapid inhibition of incompatible pollen tube growth. We have identified several targets of the SI signalling cascade, including protein kinases, the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear DNA. Here, we summarize progress made on currently funded projects in our laboratory investigating some of the components targeted by SI, comprising (i) the characterization of a pollen phosphoprotein (p26) that is rapidly phosphorylated upon an incompatible SI response; (ii) the identification and characterization of a pollen mitogen–activated protein kinase (p56), which exhibits enhanced activation during SI; (iii) characterizing components involved in the reorganization and depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton during the SI response; and (iv) investigating whether the SI response involves a programmed cell death signalling cascade.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self-incompatibility (SI)"
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Yang, Bicheng. "Investigations of self-incompatibility (SI) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1097/.
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most economically and environmentally important grass species for the temperate zone. It maintains effective self-incompatibility (SI), which promotes outbreeding as well as limits the efficient production of inbred lines and hybrids. SI in L. perenne is controlled by the S and Z loci, mapping to linkage groups 1 and 2, respectively. None of the gene products has been identified so far. Comparative mapping has identified regions on rice chromosomes 5 (R5) and 4 with synteny to regions of L. perenne genome containing the S and Z loci, respectively. Markers were developed from the syntenic rice genomic region to refine the S and Z maps. The closest flanking markers had a map distance of 2 cM from S and 0.2 cM from Z. SI cDNA libraries were developed from in-vitro pollinated stigma subtracted with unpollinated stigma to identify SI components and SI response related genes. Through a BLAST search, candidates identified from the SI libraries that were orthologous to sequences on the S and Z flanking regions on rice R4 and R5 were the prime candidate SI genes. Altogether ten SI candidate genes were identified with incompatible response associated differentially expression pattern: a rapid increase in expression within two minutes after pollen-stigma contact and reaching a maximum between 2-10 minutes, implying their roles in the SI response. Attempts were carried out to determine the linkage relationships between the identified candidates and the S or Z loci. Large fine scale mapping populations were developed individually for the S and Z loci to generate high resolution maps of S and Z towards map-based cloning. Tightly linked markers were identified mapping at a distance of 1.4 cM from S and 0.9 cM from Z. The studies performed in this project have implications on both the underlying genetic control and the associated biochemical responses involved in L. perenne SI. The closely linked markers for S or Z could be applied in future marker assisted selection breeding programmes and map-based cloning.
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Millner, Helen Jean. "Reproductive biology and ex situ conservation of the genus Restrepia (Orchidaeae)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/311706.
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The genus Restrepia is well known to orchid enthusiasts but its micromorphology has not been described, and its pollination and breeding systems have not been investigated. The aim of this investigation was, therefore, to add to existing knowledge so that the resultant data could be used to facilitate ex situ conservation initiatives. A detailed electron microscopy study (SEM) of the floral organs was performed. This confirmed the structure of the dorsal sepal and lateral petal osmophores, their secretory nature together with that of the synsepal and the labellum. It was postulated how, by manipulating different labellar surface textures, the flower might use these ‘tactile guides’ to steer the insect (fly) through the flower. The cirrhi were postulated to help by destabilising the pollinator in flight, trapping it and bringing about pollination. The papillate structure of the calli was established and their optical properties investigated. Media comparison investigations established that Western medium supported the highest germination rates and, with the addition of banana supplement, the highest rates for seedling growth and development. This represented the first protocol for axenic germination of Restrepia in the literature (Millner et al., 2008) and provided a tested methodology for investigating breeding systems and producing Restrepia plant material for both scientific and horticultural purposes. Self-pollinations were found to produce fewer embryos compared to cross-pollinations. The operation of self-incompatibility (SI) was confirmed by the study of pollen tube growth which further confirmed the time interval between pollination and fertilisation. A time line from pollination/fertilisation to flowering was established. The type of SI in operation was best explained by gametophytic incompatibility. This demonstrated that it was possible to raise Restrepia hybrids and species from seed, by performing intraspecific crosses so helping to preserve them for posterity and relieve pressure on wild populations. Narrow endemic Restrepia species face combined threats from habitat loss, habitat degradation and problems of viable seed production due to the effects of SI and inbreeding depression (ID). Recently developed online resources, such as GeoCAT, were used to perform a Red List assessment in order to identify the degree of threat individual species faced, both globally and nationally. All species were classified as facing substantial levels of threat; although this was lessened for populations in protected habitats. Conservation is needed for cultivated collections as well as these wild populations by keeping alive existing knowledge and expertise in growing these species.
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Ashkani, Jahanshah. "Expression of recombinant S-locus F-box-S2 protein and computational modeling of protein interaction at the self-incompatibility locus of Rosaceae." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3948.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDSelf-incompatibility (SI) is a major mechanism that prevents inbreeding in ow-ering plants, which was identi ed in Rosaceae, Solanaceae and Scrophulariace. In these families, SI is gametophytic and retains inter-speci c genetic variations by out-crossing promotion. Self-incompatibility is genetically controlled by an S- locus where both male (pollen) and female (pistil) S-determinants are encoded. The female determinant (SRNase) has been extensively studied, whereas its male counterpart (SLF/SFB) has only recently been characterized as a pollen-expressed protein, which encodes for an F-box domain. However, the exact mechanism of in- teraction between SLF/SFB and SRNase is still largely unclear in Rosaceae. This study takes a closer look at the mechanism of self-incompatibility to gain a clearer understanding of the ligand-receptor binding mechanism of SI using molecular evolutionary analysis, structure prediction and binding speci city characteriza- tion, the outcome of which, will translate into a guideline for future studies. The major aims of this study were to derive an evolutionary pattern for GSI in Rosaceae subfamilies and to further assess the collaborative non-self recognition in Malus domestica Borkh.. The evolutionary analysis suggests a di erence in the evolution- ary pattern of Prunoideae and Maloideae S-genes, hence proposing a di erence in their GSI systems. Furthermore, sites responsible for this divergence are identi ed as critical amino acids in GSI function. To maintain GSI it is expected that the S-genes must be linked and co-evolve as a genetic unit. The results of this study show that these genes have co-existed, while SRNase have experienced a higher rate of evolution compared to SLF, thus rejecting the co-evolution of these genes in Maloideae. Furthermore, positively selected sites of S-locus pistil and pollen genes were identi ed that are likely to be responsible for speci city determination. Di erent numbers of these sites are found for both S-genes, while SRNase holds a larger number of positively selected sites. Additionally a model of speci city is introduced that supports the collaborative non-self recognition in Malus GSI, while critical sites responsible for such speci city are proposed and mapped to the predicted ancestral tertiary structure of SRNase and SLF/SFB. The identi cation of regions determining pollen pistil speci city as well as proposing a Collaborative Non-self Recognition model for Malus domestica Borkh. provide greater in-sight into how pollen-pistil communication system works in Maloideae (Rosaceae subfamily).
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HAVLÍČKOVÁ, Lenka. "Marker asistované selekce autoinkompatibilních rostlin řepky." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45854.
Full textBooks on the topic "Self-incompatibility (SI)"
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Rudd, Jason James. Identification and characterisation of changes in pollen protein phosphorylation associated with the self-incompatibility (SI) response of Papaver rhoeas L. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Self-incompatibility (SI)"
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Snowman, Benjamin N., Anja Geitmann, Anne Mie C. Emons, and Vernonica E. Franklin-Tong. "Actin Rearrangements in Pollen Tubes are Stimulated by the Self-Incompatibility (SI) Response in Papaver Rhoeas L." In Actin: A Dynamic Framework for Multiple Plant Cell Functions, 347–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9460-8_19.
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