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Academic literature on the topic 'Self-perception – Physiological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Self-perception – Physiological aspects"
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Hadani, Itzhak, and Bela Julesz. "Computational aspects of motion perception during self-motion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 1994): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00034749.
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Frey, Ulrich, and Eckart Voland. "The evolutionary route to self-deception: Why offensive versus defensive strategy might be a false alternative." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10002645.
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AbstractSelf-deception may be the result of social manipulation and conflict management of social in-groups. Although self-deception certainly has offensive and defensive aspects, a full evolutionary understanding of this phenomenon is not possible until strategies of other parties are included into a model of self-perception and self-representation.
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Gasparini, Francesca, Marta Giltri, and Stefania Bandini. "Safety perception and pedestrian dynamics: Experimental results towards affective agents modeling." AI Communications 34, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aic-201576.
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The modeling of a new generation of agent-based simulation systems supporting pedestrian and crowd management taking into account affective states represents a new research frontier. Pedestrian behaviour involves human perception processes, based on subjective and psychological aspects. Following the concept of pedestrian environmental awareness, each walker adapts his/her crossing behaviour according to environmental conditions and his/her perception of safety. Different pedestrian behaviours can be related to subjective mobility and readiness to respond, and these factors are strongly dependent on the subjective interaction with the environment. Having additional inputs about pedestrian behaviour related to their perception processes could be useful in order to develop a more representative pedestrian dynamic model. In particular, the subjective perception of the safeness of crossing should be taken into consideration. In order to focus on the pedestrians’ perception of safe road crossing and walking, an experiment in an uncontrolled urban scenario has been carried out. Besides more conventional self-assessment questionnaires, physiological responses have been considered to evaluate the affective state of pedestrians during the interaction with the urban environment. Results from the analysis of the collected data show that physiological responses are reliable indicators of safety perception while road crossing and interacting with real urban environment, suggesting the design of agent-based models for pedestrian dynamics simulations taking in account the representation of affective states.
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Arias, Benito, Anastasio Ovejero, and Raquel Morentin. "Love and Emotional Well-being in People with Intellectual Disabilities." Spanish journal of psychology 12, no. 1 (May 2009): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s113874160000161x.
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Love has been a recurrent topic throughout history, and especially, literature. Moreover, there is generalized agreement about its relevance for health emotional well-being, and quality of life. This study was carried out with a sample of 376 persons with ID. The goals of the work were to analyze a theoretical model of love in people with intellectual disabilities by means of the methodology of structural equations, and to analyze their perception of love and of amorous relations with regard to other aspects such as amorous satisfaction, perceived satisfaction, absence of family interference, self-determination, and emotional well-being. The results revealed that (a) the construct under study has three factors: Commitment, stability, and idealization, Passion and physiological excitement, and Intimacy and romanticism; (b) the perception of love in this collective is, in general, idealized and affected by the context; and (c) self-determination and the lack of family interference are relevant variables to explain both love and emotional well-being.
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Jactat, Bruno. "Mechanics of the Peripheral Auditory System: Foundations for Embodied Listening Using Dynamic Systems Theory and the Coupling Devices as a Metaphor." F1000Research 10 (July 28, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51125.2.
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Current approaches to listening are built on standard cognitive science, which considers the brain as the locus of all cognitive activity. This work aims to investigate listening as phenomena occurring within a brain, a body (embodiment), and an environment (situatedness). Drawing on insights from physiology, acoustics, and audiology, this essay presents listening as an interdependent brain-body-environment construct grounded in dynamic systems theory. Coupling, self-organization, and attractors are the central characteristics of dynamic systems. This article reviews the first of these aspects in order to develop a fuller understanding of how embodied auditory perception occurs. It introduces the mind-body problem before reviewing dynamic systems theory and exploring the notion of coupling in human hearing by way of current and original analogies drawn from engineering. It posits that the current use of the Watt governor device as an analogy for coupling is too simplistic to account for the coupling phenomena in the human ear. In light of this review of the physiological characteristics of the peripheral auditory system, coupling in hearing appears more variegated than originally thought and accounts for the diversity of perception among individuals, a cause for individual variance in how the mind emerges, which in turn affects academic performance. Understanding the constraints and affordances of the physical ear with regard to incoming sound supports the embodied listening paradigm.
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Lavan, Nadine, Luke FK Burston, Paayal Ladwa, Siobhan E. Merriman, Sarah Knight, and Carolyn McGettigan. "Breaking voice identity perception: Expressive voices are more confusable for listeners." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 9 (March 21, 2019): 2240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819836890.
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The human voice is a highly flexible instrument for self-expression, yet voice identity perception is largely studied using controlled speech recordings. Using two voice-sorting tasks with naturally varying stimuli, we compared the performance of listeners who were familiar and unfamiliar with the TV show Breaking Bad. Listeners organised audio clips of speech with (1) low-expressiveness and (2) high-expressiveness into perceived identities. We predicted that increased expressiveness (e.g., shouting, strained voice) would significantly impair performance. Overall, while unfamiliar listeners were less able to generalise identity across exemplars, the two groups performed equivalently well when telling voices apart when dealing with low-expressiveness stimuli. However, high vocal expressiveness significantly impaired telling apart in both the groups: this led to increased misidentifications, where sounds from one character were assigned to the other. These misidentifications were highly consistent for familiar listeners but less consistent for unfamiliar listeners. Our data suggest that vocal flexibility has powerful effects on identity perception, where changes in the acoustic properties of vocal signals introduced by expressiveness lead to effects apparent in familiar and unfamiliar listeners alike. At the same time, expressiveness appears to have affected other aspects of voice identity processing selectively in one listener group but not the other, thus revealing complex interactions of stimulus properties and listener characteristics (i.e., familiarity) in identity processing.
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Jactat, Bruno. "Embodied listening and coupling." F1000Research 10 (March 8, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51125.1.
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Current approaches to listening are built on standard cognitive science, which considers the brain as the locus of all cognitive activity. This work aims to investigate listening as phenomena occurring within a brain, a body (embodiment), and an environment (situatedness). Drawing on insights from physiology, acoustics, and audiology, this essay presents listening as an interdependent brain-body-environment construct grounded in dynamic systems theory. Coupling, self-organization, and attractors are the central characteristics of dynamic systems. This article reviews the first of these aspects in order to develop a fuller understanding of how embodied listening occurs. It introduces the mind-body problem before reviewing dynamic systems theory and exploring the notion of coupling in human hearing by way of current and original analogies drawn from engineering. It posits that the current use of the Watt governor device as an analogy for coupling is too simplistic to account for the coupling phenomena in the human ear. In light of this review of the physiological characteristics of the peripheral auditory system, coupling in hearing appears more variegated than originally thought and accounts for the diversity of perception among individuals, a cause for individual variance in how the mind emerges, which in turn affects academic performance. Understanding the constraints and affordances of the physical ear with regard to incoming sound supports the embodied listening paradigm.
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Lundeberg, Thomas, Iréne Lund, and Jan Näslund. "Acupuncture – Self-Appraisal and the Reward System." Acupuncture in Medicine 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.25.3.87.
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Acupuncture is an ancient therapy with a variety of different explanatory models. A cascade of physiological effects has been reported, both in the peripheral and the central nervous system, following the insertion of a needle or light tapping of the skin. Clinical trials testing the specific claims of acupuncture have generally tried to focus on testing the efficacy of applying specific techniques and/or specified points. However, different conditions may respond differently to different modes of stimulation. Recently, it was demonstrated that both superficial and deep needling (with de qi/Hibiki) resulted in amelioration of patellofemoral pain and unpleasantness. The pleasurable aspect of the acupuncture experience has largely been ignored as it has been considered secondary to its pain alleviating effects. This aspect of acupuncture treatment is likely to be related to activation of self-appraisal and the reward system. When a patient seeks a therapist there are expectations of a specific effect. These expectations are partly based on self-relevant phenomena and self-referentia introspection and constitute the preference. Also, when asked about the effect of the treatment, processes that orientate pre-attentive anticipatory or mnemonic information and processes that mediate self-reflection and recollection are integrated together with sensory detection to enable a decision about the patient's perception of the effect of acupuncture treatment. These ‘self-appraisal’ processes are dependent on two integrated networks: a ventral medial prefrontal cortex paralimbic limbic ‘affective’ pathway and a dorsal medial prefrontal cortex cortical hippocampal ‘cognitive’ pathway. The limbic structures are implicated in the reward system and play a key role in most diseases and illness responses including chronic pain and depression, regulating mood and neuromodulatory responses (eg sensory, autonomic, and endocrine). The pleasurable and neuromodulatory aspects of acupuncture as well as ‘placebo needling’ may partly be explained by the activation or deactivation of limbic structures including the hippocampus, amygdala, and their connections with the hypothalamus. In patients with patellofemoral pain, the effects of superficial and deep needling remained for six months. These long term pain-alleviating effects have been attributed to activation of pain inhibiting systems in cortical and subcortical pathways. When considering long term effects the cortical cerebellar system needs to be taken into account. The cortical cerebellar system is probably central to the development of neural models that learn and eventually stimulate routinely executed (eg motor skills) and long term (eg pain alleviation) cognitive processes. These higher order cognitive processes are initially mediated in prefrontal cortical loci but later shift control iteratively to internal cerebellar representations of these processes. Possibly part of the long term healing effects of acupuncture may be attributed to changes in the cerebellar system thereby sparing processing load in cortical and subcortical areas. As cortical and subcortical structures are activated and/or de-activated following stimulation of receptors in the skin, disregarding site, ‘placebo or sham needling’ does not exist and conclusions drawn on the basis that it is an inert control are invalid. ‘Self’ may be seen as a shifting illusion, ceaselessly constructed and deconstructed, and the effect of acupuncture may reflect its status (as well as that of the therapist).
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Zavitrenko, Dolores, and Natalia Berezenko. "FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF MUSIC ON CHILDREN WITH THE SPECIAL NEEDS." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 190 (November 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-190-95-100.
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In the article the problems of music influence on disabled children are examined. The psychological (the connection of the main music elements with the principal human spheres) and the physiological (the physical music influence on human organs) aspects of music influence on an ordinary child are revealed. The music perception specificity of children with development abnormalities (physical, psychological and mental) is brought out; the peculiarities of music influence on them are contemplated. It is determined that the artistic development of the individual as part of his spiritual culture is a way of transmitting from generation to generation of universal values, in the perception and reproduction of which is the creative self-development of man. Art education is aimed at forming a culture of perception of the world around us, the development of individual abilities to their own transformation and the surrounding reality. We are convinced that art education, due to the specifics of art and the peculiarities of its perception, affects the development of the inner culture of the whole person. Education and culture are inseparable from each other. Art education is a long process and has no end. The growth of artistic culture of the individual determines the growth of cultural potential of society. The main ways of using of music while working with disabled children for therapeutic purposes have been brought forward. The introduction of non-standard, creative means to activate the internal resources of the body of a child with psychophysical disorders creates more chances for its development. That is, creativity is a powerful adaptive method, which with the help of one's own inner forces opens a new world of possibilities. In summary, it is safe to say that music significantly affects the development of all areas of the child (physical, mental and intellectual) and activates the movement, speech, thinking of the child; has the ability to therapeutically (healing, versatile, developing) to influence a child with special educational needs. Methods of music therapy give the opportunity to go beyond the ordinary, to overcome or forget for a while about the disease, to restore the ability to act in accordance with their dreams and preferences. There is a desire to constantly develop. The introduction of non-standard, creative means to activate the internal resources of the body of a child with psychophysical disorders creates more chances for its development. That is, creativity is a powerful adaptive method, which with the help of one's own inner forces opens a new world of possibilities.
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McDonald, Skye. "What's New in the Clinical Management of Disorders of Social Cognition?" Brain Impairment 18, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2017.2.
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Social cognition refers to the ability to use social cues to infer the meaning and intentions behind the behaviour of others in order to respond in a socially adaptive manner. It is increasingly recognised that disorders of social cognition, including problems with emotion perception, theory of mind, conversational inference, morality judgements, decision making and social inhibition, characterise many developmental and psychiatric disorders and are highly relevant to many with acquired brain injuries or diseases, especially the frontotemporal dementias. This review provides an introduction and overview of the papers in this special edition on social cognition and places these in the context of other recent research. In doing so, several current issues in the clinical management of social cognition are delineated. Given that social cognition seems to be a sensitive predictor of psychosocial function, the assessment of social cognition is seen by many clinicians to be important although which profession is responsible is yet to be resolved. Issues in how social cognition are assessed are discussed, including the importance of context to social cognition, its interactive nature and the need to recognise influences such as family upbringing, gender and emotional state on social cognitive performance. There also needs to be development of tests that address all aspects of social cognition, including decision making and inhibition. Finally, this review discusses intervention research. Interventions are especially well developed in relation to schizophrenia, and less well developed in brain injury. These appear to be generally effective although treatments for emotional self-awareness are yet to be developed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self-perception – Physiological aspects"
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Louw, Emma. "The effects of a movement competence programme on the functional capacity, self-perception and resilience of older adult women." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/45812.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global aging is occurring at an unprecedented rate. South Africa has the highest proportion of older adults in Southern Africa, with nearly 7% of the population over the age of 60 years in 1997. However, although people are living longer, statistics show that they are not necessarily living healthier. The majority of women who outlive men have to deal with more chronic diseases as well as a poorer functional status than the latter. The purpose of the present study was to implement a movement competence programme suited to the needs of South African older adult women; requiring inexpensive apparatus and that can be performed in any environment. A time-series design was used which included follow up testing 9 months after the cessation of the movement competence programme. The intervention group consisted out of 21 (76.14±5.44 years) older adult women, who were randomly selected from a retirement village. The movement competence programme was broad based in nature and was performed in two one hourly sessions a week for 12 weeks. After pre-tests of functional capacity, selfperception and resilience, the older adult women were tested using the Physical Self-Perception Profile (Fox & Corbin, 1989) and the Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003) respectively. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were observed in the Berg Balance Scale, 8-Foot Up-and-Go and the Physical Self-Perception’s results of the older adult women. No significant (p>0.05) difference was noted in the Barthel Index and Resilience Scale after the 12-week movement competence programme. Follow up testing indicated a significant improvement in the resilience of the older adult women who continued to exercise, compared to those that chose a sedentary lifestyle after the movement competence programme.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Globale veroudering vind teen ’n ongekende tempo plaas. Suid-Afrika beskik oor die hoogste verhouding ouer volwassenes in Suidelike Afrika met amper 7% van die populasie in 1997 ouer as 60 jaar. Hoewel mense egter langer lewe toon statistiek dat hulle nie noodwendig gesonder lewe nie. Die meerderheid dames wat langer lewe as mans het te kampe met meer chroniese siektes asook ’n swakker funksionele status as dié van laasgenoemde. Die doel van die huidige studie was om ’n bewegingsbevoegdheidsprogram te implementeer wat aan die behoeftes van ouer Suid-Afrikaanse volwasse dames voldoen, waar goedkoop toerusting benodig word en in enige omgewing uitgevoer kan word. ’n “time-series” ontwerp was gebruik wat opvolgtoetse ingesluit het nege maande ná die beëindiging van die bewegingsbevoegdheidsprogram. Die intervensiegroep het bestaan uit 21 (76.14±5.44 jaar) ouer volwasse dames wat lukraak geselekteer is by ’n aftree-oord. Die bewegingsbevoegdheidsprogram was breed in fokus en was uitgevoer in twee eenuurlikse sessies per week vir 12 weke. Ná voortoetse oor funksionele kapasiteit, selfpersepsie en veerkrag, is die ouer volwasse dames getoets deur respektiewelik gebruik te maak van die Fisieke Selfpersepsie Profiel (Fox & Corbin, 1989) en die Veerkragskaal (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Beduidende verbeterings (p<0.05) van die ouer volwasse dames is waargeneem in die Berg Balansskaal, “8-Foot Up-and-Go” en die resultate op die Fisieke Selfpersepsie. Geen beduidende (p>0.05) verskil is waargeneem in die Barthel Indeks en Veerkragskaal ná die 12 weke aanbieding van die bewegingsbevoegdheidsprogram nie. Opvolgtoetse het ’n beduidende verbetering aangedui in die veerkrag van die ouer volwasse dames wat aangehou het met oefening in teenstelling met dié wat gekies het om ’n sedentêre leefstyl te volg nadat die bewegingsbevoegdheidsprogram voltooi is.
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Zillmann, Nadine. "Relationships between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status in adolescents and adults." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0059.
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[Truncated abstract] Regular engagement in physical activity is proven to decrease the risk of numerous chronic diseases and to improve mental well-being. However, many children and adults around the world fail to engage in sufficient levels of activity required to produce health benefits, with reports showing physical activity levels still on the decline. Perhaps because of this increase in sedentary lifestyles, obesity has become one of the biggest public health threats in the 21st century. Furthermore, both obesity and physical inactivity are closely related to psychological health, and may play an important role in shaping self-perceptions and feeling of general well-being. '...' In the first study, physical status, physical activity levels, and social physique anxiety measures were obtained from an adolescent sample of 259 participants. Partial correlation analyses revealed that physical activity involvement was not directly linked with physical status; however, both factors were significantly associated with social physique anxiety, which suggested evidence of an indirect link between the two constructs. That is, analyses showed that poor physical status was associated with higher levels of physique anxiety, which in turn linked to low engagement in physical activity. In addition, age and gender effects emerged, revealing unique differences in the ways in which these three variables may be related. To cross-validate and further examine these relationships STUDY 2 extended the range of self-perception measures to include a multidimensional assessment of physical self-concept and a global self-esteem measure along with physique anxiety. These variables were assessed in a German adult sample (N = 229), again alongside measures of physical status and physical activity involvement. Consistent with STUDY 1, no direct link was found between physical status and levels of physical activity involvement. However, evidence of an indirect link did emerge as both variables were related to multiple dimensions of physical self-concept, thereby reinforcing and extending the findings from STUDY 1. Furthermore, age effects emerged for physical self-concept, which had not been confirmed in previous research on physical self-concept. STUDY 3 employed a longitudinal design and investigated changes in physical self-concept, global self-esteem and social physique anxiety before, during, and after participation in a 12-week weight management programme. Participants (N = 63) were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) cognitive-behavioural treatment only, (2) cognitive-behavioural treatment and exercise, and (3) non-treatment control. Statistical analyses revealed a small, but significant reduction in weight for members of both treatment groups. Relative to controls, both treatment groups also improved on a variety of physical self-concept dimensions. At the same time, however, significant group main effects suggested that a weight-loss program incorporating exercise involvement may provide physical self-concept benefits that go beyond those obtained with standard CBT regimes. Collectively, these studies add to the growing body of literature on the connections between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status. They also highlight the importance of involvement in habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan. Findings are discussed with regards to their contribution to the extant literature, and applied implications, limitations, and future directions are considered.
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Sommers, Caitlin Helen. "Factors Influencing Youth Self-Perceptions of Overweight and Obesity." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1484.
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This study sought to examine whether participation in physical activity affects the ability to correctly classify body size, based on body mass index classifications. Secondarily, this study determined whether adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size overestimated or underestimated their size. Self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to examine relationships between self-perception of body size and physical activity, television viewing time, computer/video game use, physical education class time, and extracurricular sports activities. Significance was set to p<0.05. Physical activity was the only statistically significant independent variable (p=0.058, OR = 1.060). Although physical activity was shown to be statistically significant, it did not appear to meaningfully increase the ability of youth to correctly classify body size. Secondary analysis showed that adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size were more likely to underestimate their body size. Females more frequently underestimated their body size (females=673; males=384).
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Duncan, Terry Ellsworth. "The effect of efficacy expectations on perceptions of causality in motor performance." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27620.
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Ferarro, Rosalind. "A self-actualising learning programme: an educational neuropsychological perspective." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/691.
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This study has examined the effectiveness of a neuropsychologically based learning
programme aimed at enhancing the seJt:.actualisation of learners. The aim of the
programme is to create awareness of one's unique purpose in life. The need for
motivation, commitment and determination must he realised. llolistic thinking is an
important concept throughout the programme, in that it is aimed at unlocking latent
potential through the encouragement of lateral thinking. The awareness of underlying
potential enhances the realisation of each Ieamer's uniqueness and individual
contributions to society, and facilitates awareness of the need to accept responsibility for
one's own future. 'Ibis failure to fully utilise the potential of the brain has implications
for education. A teacher who is made aware ofthe huge untapped storage ofhuman brain
potential could be trained to disclose a learner's unused abilities, through adjusted
education, thus infonning learners of the intrinsic abilities oftheir brains.Educational studies
M.Ed.
Books on the topic "Self-perception – Physiological aspects"
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Souza, Mary Jane De. The relationship of menstruation to perceived exertion and time to fatigue. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1986.
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author, Bella the dog, ed. Field of gourds: A guide to intellectual rebellion. Charleston, S.C.]: [CreateSpace], 2012.
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Comparison of differentiated and undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion above, at, and below the lactate threshold during cycle exercise. 1991.
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Comparison of differentiated and undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion above, at, and below the lactate threshold during cycle exercise. 1990.
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The effects of dance team participation on female adolescent physical fitness and self-concept. 1991.
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The effects of dance team participation on female adolescent physical fitness and self-concept. 1987.
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The effects of dance team participation on female adolescent physical fitness and self-concept. 1991.
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Overdahl, Valerie A. Adolescent self-esteem and body esteem by gender, percent body fat, and activity level. 1987.
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Adolescent self-esteem and body esteem by gender, percent body fat, and activity level. 1988.
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