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Journal articles on the topic 'Self Phase Modulation (SPM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Xu, Su Xiao, Li Zhou, and Jing Xiao. "40 Gb/s Optical 3R-Regeneration Based on XPM and SPM in PCF." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.180.

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A scheme to achieve 40Gb/s all-optical 3R-regeneration through cross-phase modulation and self-phase modulation is studied in this paper. The core of the scheme is to use ultra-highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber as the Mach-Zehnder interference of one arm. Length of the photonic crystal fiber at the arm is adjusted after calculation so as to make the signal light through the arm produce nonlinear phase shift of by means of XPM effect, then mutual interference between the resulting light and the optical signal at the other arm is generated and the noise interfusing the system is eliminated

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2

Supe, A., and J. Porins. "Methods for Estimation of Optical Fiber Non-Linearity Using Self-Phase Modulation Effect." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 48, no. 6 (2011): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-011-0037-2.

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Methods for Estimation of Optical Fiber Non-Linearity Using Self-Phase Modulation Effect Due to ever increasing channel density in WDM systems the nonlinear optical effects in fibers become a limiting factor for the high-speed data transmission, which necessitates determination of such important characteristic as the coefficient of optical nonlinearity. To measure it, two methods are proposed: continuous wave self-phase modulation (CW-SPM) and pulse phase self-modulation (P-SPM). The research work has been carried out both in the form of calculations and experimentally, taking as wavelength th

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3

Shan, Xiaoqin, Yunhan Zheng, and Rihong Zhu. "Self-Phase Modulation-Induced Instability of High-Power Narrow-Linewidth Fiber Amplifiers." Photonics 10, no. 12 (2023): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121330.

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In this study, we investigated the effect of self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced modulation instability (MI) on the spectral purity of high-power narrow-linewidth fiber amplifiers and established a spectral evolution model for SPM-induced MI in those amplifiers. The spectral evolution process of MI under different laser powers was simulated and analyzed. The results show that, at low power (100 W), SPM can cause a dynamic change in the spectral sideband secondary peak and the spectral wingspan. An increase in laser power led to the cascade effect of MI, forming a zigzag secondary sideband with

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4

Nain, Abhimanyu, and Suresh Kumar. "Performance Investigation of Different Modulation Schemes in RoF Systems under the Influence of Self Phase Modulation." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 3 (2018): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0155.

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Abstract The Radio over Fiber (RoF) system has emerged out a promising solution to the last mile connectivity along with higher data rates making it the preference for future communication networks. But fiber nonlinearities induce crosstalk and degrade the performance of the system. This paper presents a simulative investigation & comparison of Mach Zehender Modulator (MZM) and Optical Phase Modulator (OPM) including the effects of Self Phase Modulation. A single channel RoF system has been designed using MZM and OPM respectively. The model is analyzed for different ranges of dispersion an

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Dabas, Bhawana, Jivesh Kaushal, Monika Rajput, and R. K. Sinha. "Study of Self Phase Modulation in Chalcogenide Glass Photonic Crystal Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.53.

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In this paper, Self Phase Modulation (SPM) in chalcogenide As2Se3glass Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is numerically studied by combining the fully vectorial effective index method (FVEIM) and Split Step Fourier Method (SSFM). The FVEIM is used to calculate the variation of effective refractive index of guided mode (neff), effective area (Aeff), dispersion and non-linear coefficient (γ) with wavelength for different designs of chalcogenide As2Se3PCF. The FVEIM solves the vector wave equations and SSFM solves non linear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) for the different designing parameter of As2Se3PC

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Yuning, Zhang, Wu Jiayang, Qu Yang, Jia Linnan, Jia Baohua, and Moss David. "Graphene oxide-based waveguides for enhanced self-phase modulation." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 5, no. 2 (2022): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000048.

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The enhanced self-phase modulation (SPM) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon (Si) waveguides integrated with graphene oxide (GO) films is experimentally demonstrated. By using both picosecond and femtosecond optical pulses, we observe significant spectral broadening in the waveguides due to the high Kerr nonlinearity of GO films. The maximum broadening factors of up to ~3.4 and ~4.3 are achieved in GO-coated Si3N4 waveguides and GO-coated Si waveguides, respectively. The spectral broadening for femtosecond pulses is more significant than the picosecond pulses, which can be attributed to the

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Muñoz Castro, Geovanny Andrés. "DWDM Networks When Using Raman Configurations with DCF Fibers." Sistemas y Telemática 15, no. 41 (2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/syt.v15i41.2454.

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In this paper, the basic theoretical foundations regarding a DWDM [Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing] network when using Raman configurations with DCF [Dispersion Compensation Fiber] are studied, through the revision of: linear effects, such as noise, loss, chromatic dispersion and PMD [Polarization Mode Dispersion]; and nonlinear effects, such as Self-Phase Modulation [SPM], Cross-Phase Modulation [XPM] and Four-Wave Mixing [FWM], compared to Optical Monitoring Parameters [OPM].

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Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ĺuboš Ovseník. "Mitigation of Fiber Nonlinear Effects in 1.28 Tbps DQPSK Modulated DWDM System." Electronics ETF 23, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1923003h.

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The main limitation factor of high capacity multichannel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) systems are fiber nonlinear effects. The optical signal is severely degraded due to fiber nonlinear effects also known as Kerr fiber nonlinearity. Nonlinear effects under investigation are self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM). There are several methods to compensate these nonlinear distorts, some less or more effective. Nonlinear distort due to SPM and XPM can be effectively mitigated through implementation of optical DQPSK modulation over commonly used intensity modul

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9

Gu, Mingming, Aman Satija, and Robert P. Lucht. "Effects of self-phase modulation (SPM) on femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy." Optics Express 27, no. 23 (2019): 33954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.033954.

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10

Abdel-Gawad, H. I. "Chirped, breathers, diamond and W-shaped optical waves propagation in nonself-phase modulation medium. Biswas–Arshed equation." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 07 (2021): 2150097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221500971.

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Self-phase modulation (SPM) induces a varying refractive index of the medium due to the optical Kerr effect. The optical waves propagation (OWP) in a medium with SPM occupied a remarkable area of research in the literature. A model equation to describe OWP in the absence of SPM was proposed very recently by Biswas–Arshed equation (BAE). This work is based on constructing the solutions that describe the waves which arise from soliton-periodic wave collisions. A variety of geometric optical wave structures are observed. Here, a transformation that allows to investigate the multi-geometric struct

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Sampath, K. I. Amila, Katsumi Takano, and Joji Maeda. "Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of Carrier-Suppressed Optical SSB Modulation: Performance Comparison of Three Methods." Photonics 8, no. 3 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030067.

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We compare the performances of three previously proposed methods to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the carrier-suppressed optical single-sideband (OSSB-SC) signal. PAPR of OSSB-SC signal becomes high due to the peaky Hilbert-transformed signal which is used for spectral suppression. Nonlinear phase shifts induced by high PAPR degrade OSSB-SC signal during fiber transmission. Previously, we proposed peak folding, peak clipping, and high-pass Hilbert transform methods to reduce the PAPR of OSSB-SC modulation. In this study, we numerically compare the effectiveness of proposed m

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Ali, Riyam Saadi, Ali Y. Fattah, and Mustafa D. Hassib. "The effects of optical fiber impairments on communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp241-253.

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In this paper, the influence of physical layer impairments on fiber optic channels was evaluated using analytical modeling, and the findings were verified through simulation results. Light propagation inside standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is affected by both linear and nonlinear effects, which must be taken into account in order to develop an appropriate fiber channel model. The use of nonlinear fiber optics in the implementation of highcapacity optical networks is crucial. The "Optisystem 17.0" software package was used to simulate the suggested systems. It can be observed that increased i

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Ali, Riyam Saadi, Ali Y. Fattah, and Mustafa D. Hassib. "The effects of optical fiber impairments on communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 241–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp241-253.

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In this paper, the influence of physical layer impairments on fiber optic channels was evaluated using analytical modeling, and the findings were verified through simulation results. Light propagation inside standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is affected by both linear and nonlinear effects, which must be taken into account in order to develop an appropriate fiber channel model. The use of nonlinear fiber optics in the implementation of highcapacity optical networks is crucial. The "Optisystem 17.0" software package was used to simulate the suggested systems. It can be observed that i

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14

Radha, Ramaswamy, and Vaduganathan Ramesh Kumar. "Interplay Between Dispersion and Nonlinearity in Femtosecond Soliton Management." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 6-7 (2010): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-6-710.

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In this paper, we investigate the inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schr¨odinger (NLS) equation governing the femtosecond optical pulse propagation in inhomogeneous fibers using gauge transformation and generate bright soliton solutions from the associated linear eigenvalue problem. We observe that the amplitude of the bright solitons depends on the group velocity dispersion (GVD) and the self-phase modulation (SPM) while its velocity is dictated by the third-order dispersion (TOD) and GVD. We have shown how the interplay between GVD, SPM, and TOD can be profitably exploited to change solit

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15

Sasmita, Kumari Nayak, Parween Sagupha, and Tripathy Aruna. "Nonlinear effects in Fiber Optic Communication." Journal of Optoelectronics and Communication 4, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7018096.

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<em>The need for high data rates and bandwidth has resulted in communicating via optical fibers. A couple of undesirable nonlinear effects in the optical fiber medium has become a factor of noticeable concern at high power levels. These fiber nonlinearities introduce errors into the transmitted data stream transported over optical fiber communication systems. Information carried by a light signal in a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system is subject to degradation due to nonlinear effects in the fiber. Under the influence of intense electromagnetic field, any dielectric medium shows no

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Adil, Abdul Majid. "Analyzing and Compensation of Non Linear effects on DWDM based Optical Fiber Communication System." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 11, no. 1 (2025): 061–89. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.111.6.

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Implementing a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) configuration can substantially enhance the capacity of an optical communication system. Nonetheless, the DWDM system encounters notable challenges due to nonlinear effects that hinder its performance. Self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), and four-wave mixing (FWM) are three key factors that exert a significant influence on the system's optical communication capabilities. The primary objective of this research is to tackle and alleviate the nonlinear impact of cross-phase modulation within the DWDM system throug

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17

Tawfik, Walid. "Precise measurement of ultrafast laser pulses using spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 24, no. 04 (2015): 1550040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886351550040x.

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In this work, I present a novel method for measuring the pulse duration of few-cycle pulses using spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) with high accuracy. These few-cycle pulses were generated due to nonlinear self-phase modulation (SPM) in nonlinear medium (neon gas) using a one meter hollow-fiber. The observed reconstructed pulse intensity autocorrelation function was varied from 5.35[Formula: see text]fs to almost 13[Formula: see text]fs. Moreover, the applied method allows for direct controlling of the output pulse duration through variation of th

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18

K., G. Tay, K. Tiong W., and Y. Choy Y. "Optical Soliton Simulation by Symmetrized Split Step Fourier Method." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 176–80. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18410.

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Fiber optic telecommunication gives more benefits if compared to copper wire communication systems, however, group velocity dispersion GVD , fiber loss and also self phase modulation SPM limit the performance of fiber optic telecommunication. When there is a balance between GVD and SPM, there exists a stable wave optical soliton which can propagate for long distance undistorted. In this study, the optical soliton simulation will be carried out using symmetrized split step Fourier method SSFM . K. G. Tay | W. K. Tiong | Y. Y. Choy "Optical Soliton Simulation by Symmetrized Split-Step Fouri

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CHENG, CHUNFU, YOUQING WANG, YIWEN OU, and QINGHUA LV. "TRANSFORM-LIMITED SPECTRAL COMPRESSION BY USING NEGATIVELY CHIRPED PARABOLIC PULSE IN ALL-NORMAL DISPERSION PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 03 (2012): 1250040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500403.

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A theoretical investigation on the parabolic pulse nonlinear propagation and spectral compression in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is presented. It is found that use of larger chirp can obtain higher quality transform-limited spectrally compressed parabolic pulses due to almost purely the effects of self-phase modulation (SPM) — because of its all-normal dispersion with smaller group velocity dispersion (GVD). Also, use of long initial negatively chirped parabolic pulses can lead to the most efficient transform-limited spectral compression under the optimal compression c

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Estevez-Mendoza, Yhon Edinson, Byron Medina-Delgado, and Luis Leonardo Camargo-Ariza. "Automodulación de fase en redes ópticas pasivas de próxima generación, utilizando modulación por desplazamiento cuaternario de fase." Respuestas 22, no. 1 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.818.

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Antecedentes: la información en un canal de fibra óptica sufre distorsiones debido a la aparición de efectos lineales y no lineales, restringiendo la velocidad de transmisión. En este documento se analiza el error no lineal denominado automodulación de fase (SPM),el cual genera un desfase en los pulsos trasmitidos, ocasionando errores de bits en la comunicación. Objetivo: el proyecto está orientado a evaluar el comportamiento del error no lineal SPM en una comunicación monocanal de fibra óptica utilizando Matlab. Métodos: su desarrollo parte del modelado matemático del error SPM, para ser codi

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Ahmad, Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, and Asjad Amin. "Nonlinearities Estimation in Optical Fiber Communication: Current Progress, Challenges and Perspectives." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 14, no. 2 (2024): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.634.

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This review paper gives a comprehensive review of nonlinearities and recent advances in nonlinearities estimation in optical fiber transmission systems. The most frequent irregularities in optical communication systems are Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), and Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM). These nonlinearities have a significant impact on optical performance (i.e., bit error rate, optical signal-to-noise-ratio, Q-factor) and capacity by limiting the data rates. Accurately estimating these nonlinearities is crucial for designing robust, high-capacity fiber optic networks. Thi

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Kudryashov, Sergey, Pavel Danilov, Alexey Gorevoy, et al. "Periodical Ultra-Modulation of Broadened Laser Spectra in Dielectrics at Variable Ultrashort Laser Pulsewidths: Ultrafast Plasma, Plasmonic and Nanoscale Structural Effects." Photonics 10, no. 12 (2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121316.

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Self-phase modulation (SPM) broadening of prompt laser spectra was studied in a transmission mode in natural and synthetic diamonds at variable laser wavelengths (515 and 1030 nm), pulse energies and widths (0.3–12 ps, positively chirped pulses), providing their filamentary propagation. Besides the monotonous SPM broadening of the laser spectra versus pulse energy, which was more pronounced for the (sub)picosecond pulsewidths and more nitrogen-doped natural diamond with its intra-gap impurity states, periodical low-frequency modulation was observed in the spectra at the shorter laser pulsewidt

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Manjeet, Bagri, and Kumar Suresh. "Solitons transmission system: A dynamic shift in optical fiber communication." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 30 (2020): 3093–102. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i30.384.

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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> To present a detailed study of Solitons transmission system,including their types, applications, effects, and updated research work and research gaps. <strong>Findings:</strong> The 4th, generation fiber optic communication system utilizes visual amplification to decrease the demand for repeaters and WDM to increase the information power. Similarly, 5th the phase of Optical Fiber Communication is now expending the distances range which the wavelength division multiplexing system will control. The traditional wave length frame called the C rin

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Atiah Al-Zahy, Younis Mohamed. "A Study of the generation of laser soliton from spontaneous emission by ring cavity with carbon nanotube." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 12, no. 25 (2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v12i25.301.

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We demonstrate a behavior of laser pulse grows through fiber laser inside and output cavity with a soliton fiber laser based on the multi-wall carbon nanotube saturable absorber (SA), we investigate the effects of a saturable absorber parameter on the mode-locking of a realistic Erbium fiber ring laser. Generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation including the nonlinear effects as gain dispersion, second anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD), self phase modulation (SPM), and two photon absorption used to describe pulse evolution. An analytical method has been used to understand and to quant

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SONG, H., U. C. PAEK, and D. Y. KIM. "WALK-OFF LENGTH LIMITED SPECTRAL BROADENING IN SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 01 (2009): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004464.

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Detailed spectrum broadening mechanisms in supercontinuum (SC) generation are studied with an all-fiber pulsed laser source and a highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber (HN-DSF). Mode-locked fiber laser pulses are stretched to four different pulse widths, and SC spectra are measured with different propagation distances with these pulses. By observing the development of spectral width with distance, we have observed that self-phase modulation (SPM) rather than soliton fission is the dominant process at the beginning of SC generation in our case. We have also confirmed that four-wave mixing (

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KBASHI, HANI JASSIM, HUSSEIN JAWAD, KAIS A. AL-NAIMEE, et al. "SPECTRAL WIDTH VARIATION OF ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES IN MONOMODE OPTICAL FIBERS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 03 (2009): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004774.

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Femtosecond laser pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers is demonstrated and investigated numerically (by simulations) and experimentally in this paper. A passively mode locked Nd:glass laser giving a pulse duration of about 200 fsec at 1053 nm wavelength and 120 mW average optical power with 100 MHz repetition rate is used in the experimental work. Numerical simulations are done by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the aid of Matlab program. The results show that self phase modulation (SPM) leads to compression of the spectral width from 5 nm to 2.1 nm after propagation of

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Fakhriy, Hario, Maulana Eka, Suyono Hadi, N. Hasanah Rini, and H. Pramono Sholeh. "Impact of Combine Dithering and Modulators to Mitigate Noise in Radio Over Fiber System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 1 (2018): 428–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp428-432.

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A well-prepared Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that combines two transmission technologies, radio and optical fiber transmissions. The study focused on the characteristics and problems of the optical fiber medium. One of the problems in the optical fiber is the effect of nonlinear characteristic, which caused by the high light intensity in the optical fiber core with extended interaction area in a single mode fiber (SMF). This characteristic reduces the output width and creates a pulse broadening. The nonlinear characteristics discussed in this study focused on SPM (self-phase modulati

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Peralta Sevilla, Arturo, Milton Tipán Simbaña, and Ferney Amaya Fernández. "Análisis de los efectos dispersivos y no lineales de un canal óptico empleando métodos numéricos." Ingenius, no. 11 (June 30, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/ings.n11.2014.01.

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En este documento, presentamos el modelado de un canal de fibra óptica mediante la resolución de la Ecuación No Lineal de Schrödinger (NLSE). Se presentan las dos formas de solución para la NLSE: la forma analítica y la forma numérica empleando el método SSF (Split–Step Fourier Transform). En la simulación se consideran efectos lineales como la dispersión cromática y los efectos no lineales. Uno de los efectos no lineal es el efecto Kerr, del que se derivan los efectos de auto modulación fase (Self Phase Modulation, SPM) y modulación de fase cruzada (Cross Phase Modulation, XPM). Los métodos d

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Yaser, Anagreh, and Al-Ibbini Asma. "Low cost high performance self-starting sensorless single phase induction motor drive." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 01 (2023): 123~130. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i1.pp123-130.

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The present paper is directed to achieve a low-cost high-performance selfstarting single phase induction motor (SPIM) drive system. A phase shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) trains feeding the motor will replace the starting and running capacitors. Adaptive sliding mode control, enhance with model reference adaptive control (MRAC), is implemented to achieve high performance sensorless SPIM drive. The obtained results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system in starting and fast tracking the reference speed with nearly zero percentage overshoot and zero steady-state error. Moreover, th

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Zhao, Zixin, Zhaoxian Xiao, Yiying Zhuang, Hangying Zhang, and Hong Zhao. "An interferometric method for local phase modulation calibration of LC-SLM using self-generated phase grating." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 8 (2018): 083116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031938.

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Zhang, Yuning, Jiayang Wu, Yunyi Yang, et al. "Enhanced Spectral Broadening of Femtosecond Optical Pulses in Silicon Nanowires Integrated with 2D Graphene Oxide Films." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050756.

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We experimentally demonstrate enhanced spectral broadening of femtosecond optical pulses after propagation through silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the GO films with a high Kerr nonlinearity, the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced, resulting in greatly improved spectral broadening of the femtosecond optical pulses. A solution-based, transfer-free coating method is used to integrate GO films onto the SOI

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Lin, Jiahe, Yi Cai, and Shixiang Xu. "The Temporal Measurement of Infrared Femtosecond Fiber Laser Pulse with Complex Spectra: SPIDER and FROG." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (2023): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012078.

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Abstract Femtosecond fiber laser pulse (FFLP) is very suitable for precision laser processing (PLP) with the advantages of high power, compact integrated structure, and easy installation. However, with the power increasing, nonlinear optical effects (NOE) of fiber, such as self-phase modulation (SPM), will be greatly enhanced, and the spectra of the output pulse will be very complex, which considerably increases the temporal complexity of FFLP and takes an immeasurable influence on PLP, so it is of great significance to accurately measure the temporal property of FFLP for higher accuracy of PL

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Shu, Long, Junxiang Li, Yijun Du, et al. "Single-Shot Fringe Projection Profilometry Based on LC-SLM Modulation and Polarization Multiplexing." Photonics 11, no. 11 (2024): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11110994.

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Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is extensively utilized for the 3D measurement of various specimens. However, traditional FPP typically requires at least three phase-shifted fringe patterns to achieve a high-quality phase map. In this study, we introduce a single-shot FPP method based on common path polarization interferometry. In our method, the projected fringe pattern is created through the interference of two orthogonal circularly polarized light beams modulated by a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). A polarization camera is employed to capture the reflected fringe patt

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Li, Zerun, Qinglin Wang, Yufei Zhu, and Zuocheng Xing. "Automatic Modulation Classification for MASK, MPSK, and MQAM Signals Based on Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map." Sensors 22, no. 17 (2022): 6449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176449.

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Automatic modulation classification (AMC) plays a fundamental role in common communication systems. Existing clustering models typically handle fewer modulation types with lower classification accuracies and more computational resources. This paper proposes a hierarchical self-organizing map (SOM) based on a feature space composed of high-order cumulants (HOC) and amplitude moment features. This SOM with two stacked layers can identify intrinsic differences among samples in the feature space without the need to set thresholds. This model can roughly cluster the multiple amplitude-shift keying

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Chu, Jung-Eun, Saji N. Hameed, and Kyung-Ja Ha. "Nonlinear, Intraseasonal Phases of the East Asian Summer Monsoon: Extraction and Analysis Using Self-Organizing Maps." Journal of Climate 25, no. 20 (2012): 6975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00512.1.

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Abstract The hypothesis that regional characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) result from the presence of nonlinear coupled features that modulate the seasonal circulation and rainfall at the intraseasonal time scale is advanced in this study. To examine this hypothesis, the authors undertake the analysis of daily EASM variability using a nonlinear multivariate data classifying algorithm known as self-organizing mapping (SOM). On the basis of various SOM node analyses, four major intraseasonal phases of the EASM are identified. The first node describes a circulation state corre

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Hario, Fakhriy, Eka Maulana, Hadi Suyono, Rini N. Hasanah, and Sholeh H. Pramono. "Impact of Combine Dithering and Modulators to Mitigate Noise in Radio Over Fiber System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 1 (2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i1.pp428-432.

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<p>A well-prepared Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that combines two transmission technologies, radio and optical fiber transmissions. The study focused on the characteristics and problems of the optical fiber medium. One of the problems in the optical fiber is the effect of nonlinear characteristic, which caused by the high light intensity in the optical fiber core with extended interaction area in a single mode fiber (SMF). This characteristic reduces the output width and creates a pulse broadening. The nonlinear characteristics discussed in this study focused on SPM (self-phase

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Wang, Zesong, Canxin Tian, Alexander Tolstogouzov, et al. "Microstructure and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry of Hard/Lubricant Mo-Ti-Al-N Multilayered Coatings Prepared by Multi-Arc Ion Plating at Low Substrate Rotation." Coatings 10, no. 2 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020101.

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To develop the hard and self-lubricating coatings applied for the industrial dry-cutting and die-casting machining tool fields, a series of MoTiAlN/MoN/Mo multilayered coatings were deposited on Si substrates under low substrate rotation by cathodic multi-arc ion plating. XRD, SEM, TEM, RBS, nanoindentation, and tribology tester were used to monitor the phase structure, morphology, component, nanohardness, and friction coefficient of the coatings. It was found that the coatings deposited at various substrate rotations comprised paramount cubic B1 structure TiAlN and Mo2N phases. The micrograph

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Desem, C. "Composite second order distortion due to self-phase modulation in externally modulated optical AM-SCM systems operating at 1550 nm." Electronics Letters 30, no. 24 (1994): 2055–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941390.

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Ali, Rezzak, Buru Kakum, Rickey Marngar, Rohit Mukherjee, and Nitu Borgohain. "Supercontinuum generation in Rubidium vapour." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2919, no. 1 (2024): 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2919/1/012025.

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Abstract We present a theoretical study of supercontinuum generation in a Rubidium vapor cell under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A weak probe pulse and a strong control laser beam were utilized within a lambda-type excitation scheme. We identified a significant Kerr nonlinearity on the order of 103 W−1m−1 and low group velocity dispersion on the order of 10−20 s2m−1 in the Rubidium vapor cell of length 2.54 cm at a probe wavelength of 781 nm. These parameters facilitated the generation of a 35nm supercontinuum, characterized by pronounced oscillations resul

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MENEZES, J. W. M., J. R. R. SOUSA, M. B. C. COSTA, et al. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INSTANTANEOUS AND RELAXED KERR MODEL FOR GENERATION OF THE ALL-OPTICAL LOGIC GATES WITH TRIANGULAR FIBER COUPLER (TFC)." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 21, no. 03 (2012): 1250037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863512500373.

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All-optical logic gates can enable many advanced functions such as all-optical bit-pattern recognition, all-optical bit-error rate monitoring, all-optical packet address and payload separation, all-optical label swapping and all-optical packet drop in optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM) networks. Recently, much attention has been given to the influence of the relaxation process (sometimes called the Debye relaxation model) of the nonlinear response because the usual assumption of instantaneous nonlinear response fails for ultrashort pulses and additional contributions coming from nonlinear

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Mallamaci, Michael P. "Scanned-Probe Microscopy of Elastomer Blends: Morphology and Mechanical Properties." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024247.

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Scanned-probe microscopy (SPM) has found application to a variety of polymer systems, primarily for the examination of surface morphology and the assessment of surface properties. In fact, SPM is unique in its ability to probe both phase morphology and mechanical properties simultaneously. The examination of industrial elastomers and their blends by SPM techniques can provide morphological information historically obtained only by transmission-electron microscopy (TEM). Since contrast with the SPM can be generated by differences in mechanical response of the constituent phases, polymer blends

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Lesche, B., and W. Margulis. "Note on self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation." Optics Communications 113, no. 4-6 (1995): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(94)00532-y.

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Masoud, M. I., and A. S. Abdelkhalik. "Performance Evaluation of Eleven-Phase Induction Machine with Different PWM Techniques." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 12, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol12iss1pp1-14.

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Multiphase induction machines are used extensively in low and medium voltage (MV) drives. In MV drives, power switches have a limitation associated with switching frequency. This paper is a comparative study of the eleven-phase induction machine’s performance when used as a prototype and fed sinusoidal pulse-width-modulation (SPWM) with a low switching frequency, selective harmonic elimination (SHE), and single pulse modulation (SPM) techniques. The comparison depends on voltage/frequency controls for the same phase of voltage applied on the machine terminals for all previous techniques. The c

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Pitois, Stéphane. "Influence of cross-phase modulation in SPM-based nonlinear optical loop mirror." Optics Communications 253, no. 4-6 (2005): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2005.05.003.

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Dinev, S. G., A. A. Dreischuh, and S. Balushev. "Symbiotic light pairs sustained by self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation." Physica Scripta 47, no. 6 (1993): 792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/47/6/017.

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Manassah, Jamal T. "Self-phase modulation of incoherent light." Optics Letters 15, no. 6 (1990): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.15.000329.

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Wright, Ewan M. "Quantum theory of self-phase modulation." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 7, no. 6 (1990): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.7.001142.

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Yang, Qiguang, Jinhai Si, Yougui Wang, and Peixian Ye. "Phase-modulation effects in self-diffraction." Physical Review A 54, no. 2 (1996): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.54.1702.

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Yang, Ying, Xing Fei Li, and Hong Biao Xiang. "A Novel Phase Modulation Accelerometer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.113.

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A novel phase modulation accelerometer based on self-mixing effect is presented. A quartz pendulous reed suspended by dual flexible beam is used as the first step sensing unit, which translates the acceleration signal to the displacement of quartz pendulous reed. The laser self-mixing interferometer reads out the displacement of quartz pendulous reed while the sensor experience acceleration. All-phase spectrum analysis is applied to detect the phase of self-mixing interference signals to reconstruct the acceleration. Finally, performances of the novel phase modulation accelerometer are measure

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Pathmanathan, Mehanathan, Wen L. Soong, and Nesimi Ertugrul. "Maximum-Torque-per-Ampere Control of Phase Advance Modulation of an SPM Wind Generator." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 48, no. 5 (2012): 1443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2012.2209169.

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