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1
Beza, Jabulani. "Rhodesia : a lesson in African self-reliance /." Lanham : University Press of America, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38909540t.
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Engwirda, Anthony, and N/A. "Self-Reliance Guidelines for Large Scale Robot Colonies." Griffith University. Griffith School of Engineering, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070913.100750.
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A Large Scale Robot Colony (LSRC) is a complex artifact comprising of a significant population of both mobile and static robots. LSRC research is in its literary infancy and it is therefore necessary to rely upon external fields for the appropriate framework, Multi Agent Systems (MAS) and Large Scale Systems (LSS). At the intersection of MAS, LSS and LSRC exist near identical issues, problems and solutions. If attention is paid to coherence then solution portability is possible. The issue of Self-Reliability is poorly addressed by the MAS research field. Disparity between the real world and simulation is another area of concern. Despite these deficiencies, MAS and LSS are perceived as the most appropriate frameworks. MAS research focuses on three prime areas, cognitive science, management and interaction. LSRC is focused on Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. While LSS research was not primarily intended for populations of mobile robots, it does address key issues of LSRC, such as effective sustainability and management. Implementation of LSRC that is based upon the optimal solution for any one or two of the three aspects will be inferior to a coherent solution based upon all three. LSRCs are complex organizations with significant populations of both static and mobile robots. The increase in population size and the requirement to address the issue of Self-Reliance give rise to new issues. It is no longer sufficient to speak only in terms of robot intelligence, architecture, interaction or team behaviour, even though these are still valid topics. Issues such as population sustainability and management have greater significance within LSRC. As the size of a robot populations increases, minor uneconomical decisions and actions inhibit the performance of the population. Interaction must be made economical within the context of the LSRC. Sustainability of the population becomes significant as it enables stable performance and extended operational lifespan. Management becomes significant as a mechanism to direct the population so as to achieve near optimal performance. The Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization of LSRC are vastly more complex than in team robotics. Performance of the overall population becomes more significant than individual or team achievement. This thesis is a presentation of the Cooperative Autonomous Robot Colony (CARC) architecture. The CARC architecture is novel in that it offers a coherent baseline solution to the issue of mobile robot Self-Reliance. This research uses decomposition as a mechanism to reduce problem complexity. Self-Reliance is decomposed into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management, and Self-Organization. A solution to the issue of Self-Reliance will comprise of conflicting sub-solutions. A product of this research is a set of guidelines that manages the conflict of sub-solutions and maintains a coherent solution. In addressing the issue of Self-Reliance, it became apparent that Economies of Scale, played an important role. The effects of Economies of Scale directed the research towards LSRCs. LSRCs demonstrated improved efficiency and greater capability to achieve the requirements of Self-Reliance. LSRCs implemented with the CARC architecture would extend human capability, enabling large scale operations to be performed in an economical manner, within real world and real time environments, including those of a remote and hostile nature. The theory and architecture are supported using published literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections. Contributions of this work are focused upon the three pillars of Self-Reliance addressed by CARC: Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. The chapter on Self-Sustainability explains and justifies the relevance of this issue, what it is, why it is important and how it can be achieved. Self-Sustainability enables robots to continue to operate beyond disabling events by addressing failure and routine maintenance. Mathematical projections are used to compare populations of non-sustained and sustained robots. Computer modeling experiments are used to demonstrate the feasibility of Self-Sustainability, including extended operational life, the maintenance of optimal work flow and graceful physical degradation (GPD). A detailed explanation is presented of Sustainability Functions, Colony Sites, Static Robot Roles, Static Robot Failure Options, and Polymorphism. The chapter on Self-Management explores LSS research as a mechanism to exert influence over a LSRC. An experimental reactive management strategy is demonstrated. This strategy while limited does indicate promising potential directions for future research including the Man in the Loop (MITL) strategy highly desired by NASA JPL for off world command and control of a significant robot colony (Huntsberger, et. al., 2000). Experiments on Communication evaluate both Broadcast Conveyance (BC) and Message Passing Conveyance (MPC). These experiments demonstrate the potential of Message Passing as a low cost system for LSRC communication. Analysis of Metrics indicates that a Performance Based Feedback Method (PBFM) and a Task Achievement Method (TAM) are both necessary and sufficient to monitor a LSRC. The chapter on Self-Organization describes a number of experiments, algorithms and protocols on Reasoning Robotics, a minor variant of Reactive Robotics. Reasoning Robotics utilizes an Event Driven Architecture (EDA) rather than a Stimulus Driven Architecture (SDA) common to Reactive Robotics. Enhanced robot performance is demonstrated by a combination of EDA and environmental modification enabling stigmergy. These experiments cover Intersection Navigation with contingency for Multilane Intersections, a Radio Packet Controller (RPC) algorithm, Active and Passive Beacons including a communication protocol, mobile robot navigation using Migration Decision Functions (MDFs), including MDF positional errors. The central issue addressed by this thesis is the production of Self-Reliance guidelines for LSRCs. Self-Reliance is perceived as a critical issue in advancing the useful and productive applications for LSRCs. LSRCs are complex with many issues in related fields of MAS and LSS. Decomposition of Self-Reliance into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization were used to aid in problem understanding. It was found that Self-Sustainability extends the operational life of individual robots and the LSRC. Self-Management enables the exertion of human influence over the LSRC, such that the ratio of humans to robots is reduced but not eliminated. Self-Organization achieves and enhances performance through a routine and reliable LSRC environment. The product of this research was the novel CARC architecture, which consists of a set of Self-Reliance guidelines and algorithms. The Self-Reliance guidelines manage conflict between optimal solutions and provide a framework for LSRC design. This research was supported by literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections.
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Daniel, Edward Duffy Peacock James L. "Self-reliance ethnography of literature outside Viet Nam /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2653.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology." Discipline: Anthropology; Department/School: Anthropology.
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Engwirda, Anthony. "Self-Reliance Guidelines for Large Scale Robot Colonies." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368079.
Full textAbstract:
A Large Scale Robot Colony (LSRC) is a complex artifact comprising of a significant population of both mobile and static robots. LSRC research is in its literary infancy and it is therefore necessary to rely upon external fields for the appropriate framework, Multi Agent Systems (MAS) and Large Scale Systems (LSS). At the intersection of MAS, LSS and LSRC exist near identical issues, problems and solutions. If attention is paid to coherence then solution portability is possible. The issue of Self-Reliability is poorly addressed by the MAS research field. Disparity between the real world and simulation is another area of concern. Despite these deficiencies, MAS and LSS are perceived as the most appropriate frameworks. MAS research focuses on three prime areas, cognitive science, management and interaction. LSRC is focused on Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. While LSS research was not primarily intended for populations of mobile robots, it does address key issues of LSRC, such as effective sustainability and management. Implementation of LSRC that is based upon the optimal solution for any one or two of the three aspects will be inferior to a coherent solution based upon all three. LSRC’s are complex organizations with significant populations of both static and mobile robots. The increase in population size and the requirement to address the issue of Self-Reliance give rise to new issues. It is no longer sufficient to speak only in terms of robot intelligence, architecture, interaction or team behaviour, even though these are still valid topics. Issues such as population sustainability and management have greater significance within LSRC. As the size of a robot populations increases, minor uneconomical decisions and actions inhibit the performance of the population. Interaction must be made economical within the context of the LSRC. Sustainability of the population becomes significant as it enables stable performance and extended operational lifespan. Management becomes significant as a mechanism to direct the population so as to achieve near optimal performance. The Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization of LSRC are vastly more complex than in team robotics. Performance of the overall population becomes more significant than individual or team achievement. This thesis is a presentation of the Cooperative Autonomous Robot Colony (CARC) architecture. The CARC architecture is novel in that it offers a coherent baseline solution to the issue of mobile robot Self-Reliance. This research uses decomposition as a mechanism to reduce problem complexity. Self-Reliance is decomposed into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management, and Self-Organization. A solution to the issue of Self-Reliance will comprise of conflicting sub-solutions. A product of this research is a set of guidelines that manages the conflict of sub-solutions and maintains a coherent solution. In addressing the issue of Self-Reliance, it became apparent that Economies of Scale, played an important role. The effects of Economies of Scale directed the research towards LSRC’s. LSRC’s demonstrated improved efficiency and greater capability to achieve the requirements of Self-Reliance. LSRC’s implemented with the CARC architecture would extend human capability, enabling large scale operations to be performed in an economical manner, within real world and real time environments, including those of a remote and hostile nature. The theory and architecture are supported using published literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections. Contributions of this work are focused upon the three pillars of Self-Reliance addressed by CARC: Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization. The chapter on Self-Sustainability explains and justifies the relevance of this issue, what it is, why it is important and how it can be achieved. Self-Sustainability enables robots to continue to operate beyond disabling events by addressing failure and routine maintenance. Mathematical projections are used to compare populations of non-sustained and sustained robots. Computer modeling experiments are used to demonstrate the feasibility of Self-Sustainability, including extended operational life, the maintenance of optimal work flow and graceful physical degradation (GPD). A detailed explanation is presented of Sustainability Functions, Colony Sites, Static Robot Roles, Static Robot Failure Options, and Polymorphism. The chapter on Self-Management explores LSS research as a mechanism to exert influence over a LSRC. An experimental reactive management strategy is demonstrated. This strategy while limited does indicate promising potential directions for future research including the Man in the Loop (MITL) strategy highly desired by NASA JPL for off world command and control of a significant robot colony (Huntsberger, et. al., 2000). Experiments on Communication evaluate both Broadcast Conveyance (BC) and Message Passing Conveyance (MPC). These experiments demonstrate the potential of Message Passing as a low cost system for LSRC communication. Analysis of Metrics indicates that a Performance Based Feedback Method (PBFM) and a Task Achievement Method (TAM) are both necessary and sufficient to monitor a LSRC. The chapter on Self-Organization describes a number of experiments, algorithms and protocols on Reasoning Robotics, a minor variant of Reactive Robotics. Reasoning Robotics utilizes an Event Driven Architecture (EDA) rather than a Stimulus Driven Architecture (SDA) common to Reactive Robotics. Enhanced robot performance is demonstrated by a combination of EDA and environmental modification enabling stigmergy. These experiments cover Intersection Navigation with contingency for Multilane Intersections, a Radio Packet Controller (RPC) algorithm, Active and Passive Beacons including a communication protocol, mobile robot navigation using Migration Decision Functions (MDF’s), including MDF positional errors. The central issue addressed by this thesis is the production of Self-Reliance guidelines for LSRC’s. Self-Reliance is perceived as a critical issue in advancing the useful and productive applications for LSRC’s. LSRC’s are complex with many issues in related fields of MAS and LSS. Decomposition of Self-Reliance into Self-Sustainability, Self-Management and Self-Organization were used to aid in problem understanding. It was found that Self-Sustainability extends the operational life of individual robots and the LSRC. Self-Management enables the exertion of human influence over the LSRC, such that the ratio of humans to robots is reduced but not eliminated. Self-Organization achieves and enhances performance through a routine and reliable LSRC environment. The product of this research was the novel CARC architecture, which consists of a set of Self-Reliance guidelines and algorithms. The Self-Reliance guidelines manage conflict between optimal solutions and provide a framework for LSRC design. This research was supported by literature, experiments, observations and mathematical projections.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
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Rumsey, Adrienne Lynn. "Aesthetic Self-Reliance: Emersonian Influence on American Art." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2426.
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This essay is an examination of the influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson on the development of American art through his essays, specifically his writings on nature and self-reliance. Through emphasizing individual potential, Emerson also influenced the visual arts. Instead of following the required formula in Europe of attending certain ateliers and seeking prestigious patronage, American artists, namely the Luminists and the Ashcan School, sought to address the issues of their day and portray life as it existed around them. Each of these groups formed during periods of time when American society was shifting and the American identity was evolving. Through addressing the issues at hand, artists formed an American aesthetic separate from the traditional methodologies in Europe, in turn, contributing to a national identity. After the Civil War, the United States underwent considerable change as different areas of the nation redefined themselves in conjunction to new laws and shifts in social structure. For the Luminists, the writings of Emerson concerning nature were especially applicable during this time since most people in the United States lived in rural circumstances and still struggled to define a national art separate from European tradition. Emerson focused on nature's ability to uplift and inspire mankind, bringing them closer to the Divine and America's unique and untamed nature was one aspect that separated it from Europe. The Luminists focused on their surrounding natural environment, portraying the connection between man and nature. During the Progressive Age, Robert Henri followed Emerson's instruction to illustrate life as it existed for him in the early twentieth century. By this time, most people had moved to the cities in search of employment and everyone was crammed into small tenements. Henri taught his art students to value and illustrate life in all of its gritty reality. In this way, he followed Emerson to communicate beauty through an honest interpretation of life. Although diverse in their techniques, the Luminists and Robert Henri both utilized the ideas of Emerson to help define an American aesthetic.
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Curtis, Grant Anthony Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Self-reliance or dependence; Tanzania and foreign development assistance." Ottawa, 1987.
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Mehne, Philipp. "Bildung versus Self-Reliance : Selbstkultur bei Goethe und Emerson /." Würzburg : Königshausen und Neumann, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41075737j.
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Hossain, Md Amzad. "Renewing self-reliance in rural Bangladesh through renewable energy." Thesis, Hossain, Md. Amzad (2001) Renewing self-reliance in rural Bangladesh through renewable energy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51181/.
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This thesis challenges accepted rationales for persisting poverty, energy crises and environmental degradation in Bangladesh, and questions the efficacy of well-meant international aid agency responses to Bangladeshi problems. In this context it examines and contrasts the vertical thinking, Western cultural norms and prescriptive style which has parented aid delivery, with the theses of Bangladeshi folk-philosophers and mystics whose lateral thinking and considerations of Bangladesh’s problems are embedded in the saw “whatever you think about Bangladesh, the opposite is equally true”.
The thesis analyses village Bangladeshi’s acute energy crisis, mounting poverty and environmental degradation and the factors which cause them: mis-management of soil, water and forest resources, floods, droughts, cyclones, and the inadequacy and inconsistency of the national electricity supply.
The thesis describes the topography, water regimes, climate and innate fertility of Bangladesh’s alluvial soils and freshwater aquatic systems, wetlands and forests. It describes the well-being of Golden Bengal and its international trade status before British colonisation. 11 tracks its deterioration during colonial rule and, the decades subsequent to the British partition of India, and the East West Pakistan war. This provides a backdrop to the unsuccessful remedial development projects and aid initiatives intended to assist the 85% of Bangladeshis who live in agricultural and fishing villages: the village people are now less self-reliant than they were in the 1960’s, when the “Green Revolution” began. The thesis develops the proposition - supported by scholarly texts, and the insights of of village elders, folk-philosophers and spiritual teachers -that the key to a sustaining and sustainable self-reliant lifestyle for rural villages is on-site generation of electricity and biogas by energy technologies which are powered by renewable resources.
The thesis examines the acceptability of the overall concept of a renewable energy technology system (RETS) for rural villagers, and their capacity to manage and maintain such installations. In this context it deconstructs the homogenous culture of rural Bangladeshis, informed by the history of traditions, and, by ethnographic research conducted over 16 years in 40 village locations ranging from coastal areas to riverine islands and agricultural croplands.
It also examines Western definitions of poverty and realities of ‘poverty’ in village Bangladesh. It teases out the discrepancy: the Western definition of nutritional and health standards, and access to employment and literacy, and the many Bangladesh categories of ‘poorness’. The latter is largely acceptable and has a specific nomenclature which indicates whether people are ‘poorly’, temporarily poor, through social nuisance or natural disaster (which may also be reversed), truly dependent on others because they cannot provide income because of physical incapacity or widowhood, or poor by spiritual commitment. The latter two categories are viewed as culturally and socially necessary. Rural Bangladeshis have adequate food, but lack cooking fuel; they have housing and access to health services - but have been displaced from traditional sources of extra income and full productivity.
Finding that the culture, nature-based spirituality and critical needs of the practical village Bangladeshis are congruent with the introduction and inclusion of RETS into traditional rural lifestyles, the thesis then examines possible contra-indications for the adoption of the system - floods, cyclones and cost. It outlines a process of villager and organisational solutions to these problems, and participation in overall energy planning for a self-reliant village Bangladesh. It addresses the need for Government of Bangladesh (GOB) energy policies which place RETS in the front line of initiatives to service the majority of Bangladeshis - the villagers. It looks to the global perspective, and the spectre of global warming, to advance persuasive arguments to the GOB and international development forums and agencies to ensure the widespread provision of viable RETS in rural Bangladesh as soon as is expedient.
The thesis establishes that a renewable energy technology system is the means to the achievement of self-reliance and a sustainable life style for village Bangladesh.
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Mollel-Blakely, Delois Ǹaewoaanǵ. ""Education for self-reliance" / education and national development in Tanzania /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10909187.
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Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1990.Includes appendices. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William C. Sayres. Dissertation Committee: Paul Byers. Bibliography: leaves 208-222.
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Ikegwuonu, B. "SELF-RELIANCE OF SPIRITAN YOUNG PROVINCES AND FOUNDATIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1993. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1623.
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Aufschnaiter, Claudia Caterina. "Chai for change? : stories of Adivasi indigeneities, self-reliance, and activism." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10935/.
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"Chai for change?" is a story about stories. More precisely, stories of Adivasi self-reliance, Adivasi indigeneities, and Adivasi activism. At the outset of this study of narratives of Adivasi indigeneity, I posit that the indigenisation of Adivasis fulfils different objectives in the field of Development practice and international “aid” processes. I argue that the Development activists I follow in this story achieve, or attempt to achieve, these objectives through the narrativisation of Adivasi indigeneity. I analyse how a particular group of Adivasi communities try to consolidate the sustainability and permanence of their, and other disadvantaged communities’, economic self- reliance. I also show how the Development activists engaged with these Adivasi communities connect the different actors involved in these self-reliance efforts via narratives of Adivasi indigeneity. I then argue that the activists manage to enlist the large group of different Development actors – and their financial support – necessary for a shift in economic relations, through the harnessing of a particular brand of Adivasi indigeneity in their stories. This conceptualisation of indigeneity corresponds largely with essentialised eco-romanticist imaginaries of “the indigenous”, and therefore “the Adivasi”, based on internationally current, reified notions of indigeneity. Through first identifying the dominant elements of these Adivasi indigeneity narratives, and then analysing the pitfalls inherent in them, I bring to light the inconsistencies between activist-imagined Adivasi indigeneity narratives, and the multiplicity of conflicting identities of Adivasi peoples in India today. "Chai for change?" concludes by investigating, on the one hand, whether the efforts of the Adivasi activists to create a more sustainable economic system, informed by Adivasi values, help sustain a progressive and self-reliant Adivasi movement. On the other hand, I explore whether the activists’ jumping on the indigenist rhetoric bandwagon, is in fact a useful strategy for Adivasis to overcome economic inequalities, (re)enforced and (re)produced by the complex intermeshing of ethnicity and caste in India. Specifically, I examine whether narrative-intensive indigenism is a useful strategy for dealing with Adivasi intersectionality – understood as the intersection of the multiple forms of discrimination Adivasis face. Or, whether indigenism’s anachronistic elements – in particular the activists’ adherence to an ecologically romantic conceptualisation of Adivasi values – possibly render the activists’ rhetorical strategies counterproductive, and thereby create obstacles to sustaining the momentum of their movement. "Chai for change?" is thus a narrative-focussed study of how conflictual notions of Adivasi indigeneity, harnessed for “development” ends by development activists, often become unravelled and entangled in tensions and contradictions, like a snarled-up ball of narrative yarn. I argue that the social activists try to offset this tendency by continually adapting the narrative of their stories, in an attempt to attract ever new and different audiences for their Adivasi economic revolution story.
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Behuria, Pritish. "Committing to self-reliance and negotiating vulnerability : understanding the developmental change in Rwanda." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2015. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23871/.
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The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) government has made remarkable economic progress over the past two decades. During this time, the RPF government's policies have demonstrated similarities with the policies followed by East Asian developmental states. The government has intervened in the economy to promote diversification while also opening its economy to international competition. It has also made strategic investments, which have led to the adoption of new production techniques. Conditions of 'systemic vulnerability' have also applied in Rwanda (Doner et al. 2005). However, the RPF government's strategy is also strikingly different since it has liberalised its financial sector and has only experienced limited manufacturing sector growth. It has also embraced governance reforms to a greater degree than most other developmental states. The RPF's development strategy has been shaped by the competing demands of 'three constituencies' - donors, domestic elites and the population. To manage capital and organise labour to appropriate systems of accumulation, the government has developed narratives as one way to retain legitimacy among three constituencies. Evidence of continued economic success and progress in three sectors (coffee, tea and mining) show that ruling elites are committed to economic development. However, vulnerabilities resulting from the need to appease 'three constituencies' have inhibited economic development. This thesis highlights the evolution of elite politics, details RPF ideology and develops a historical study of three sectors (coffee, tea and mining). Though previous governments invested in increasing the production of primary commodity exports, very little was done to reduce the vulnerability of the economy to global commodity price fluctuations. In contrast, the RPF's strategy has targeted reducing vulnerability to international price fluctuations through increasing productivity and embracing value-addition. Such goals work in line with achieving self-reliance. A better understanding of the developmental challenge facing the RPF government is developed through showcasing how vulnerability both motivates and inhibits economic development.
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Nord, Lina. "Depressionsdiagnosens betydelse för patienten ur terapeutens synvinkel." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14466.
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I de flesta fall är diagnosen en välkommen orsaksförklaring till individens symtom men den kan också komma att bli en mall med förväntningar som individen anpassar sig efter. Det finns risk att individen låter sig påverkas negativt av diagnosen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur terapeutiskt verksamma personer upplever att patienten påverkas av att få diagnosen depression. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med deltagare som valdes målinriktat utifrån följande kriterium: kliniskt verksamma terapeuter med minst fem års erfarenhet inom utredning och/eller behandling av patienter med depressionstillstånd. Resultaten visade att den formella diagnosen enligt terapeuterna sällan upplevdes negativt av patienten utan att den istället normaliserade och förklarade individens tillstånd. Detta kan förklaras av att diagnosen depression idag är relativt utbredd i samhället. Det hade dock varit intressant att se den här problematiken ur patientens perspektiv, huruvida diagnosen upplevs normaliserande i samma grad som terapeuterna i denna studie visat på.
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Watson, David. "Veterans alone, together : the isolation and self reliance of the Australian Vietnam veteran community /." Title page, contents and introduction and explanation, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw338.pdf.
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Reeve, Richard John. "Resourcing the local church : attitudes among Mozambican evangelicals towards economic dependency and self-reliance." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31474.
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Debates concerning how churches in the developing world are best resourced in terms of their funding base and the implications of this for other aspects of church life have been conducted for over 150 years. The solutions offered have ranged from the Three-Self theory, with its advocacy of local self-support, to wholesale financial support from abroad, and in between a combination of those methods in a variety of configurations. This thesis focuses on the recent experiences of evangelical Christians in a southern Mozambican context, paying particular attention to three case studies: the Igreja Evangelica Arca da Salvação; the Ministério Centro de Louvor; and the Igreja Reformada em Moçambique. It asks why so many churches in Mozambique are seemingly locked into a dynamic of economic dependency on donors from abroad, but also why it is that in that shared and impoverished national context some churches are attempting, with some success, to resource their own activities. Using accounts and reflections obtained first-hand from Mozambican Christians, the thesis suggests that, alongside important factors such as the historical circumstances surrounding the emergence of each church group or denomination, the vision and agency of leaders in each local congregation are also fundamental to the resourcefulness of the members and the developmental trajectory of the church. In the context of self-governance, the role of such leadership is highlighted as crucial to the emergence of both self-funding and self-propagation. As well as contributing to the debate concerning the resourcing of churches in the developing world, this thesis addresses social theory that is concerned with how and why individuals invest their available resources in the religious communities of which they are part. It also contributes to the study of independent churches in southern Africa, concerning their potency for independent economic development. Finally, this thesis argues that, for the purposes of avoiding the cultivation of unhealthy dependency in national churches, international mission societies and para-church organizations in developed nations would do well to analyse the dynamics of which they are part. Where partnerships consist largely of sponsorship, it is argued, the risk of ongoing unhealthy dependency is high.
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LIU, KAIYA. "Regulatory Focus and Reliance on Response Efficacy and Self-Efficacy in Health Attitude Change." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218564564.
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Humberstone, Julie. "Managing for organisational self-reliance and social impact in Indian microfinance : alternatives to the mainstream." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665436.
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The thesis contributes to understanding of how the tension between social and financial performance in microfinance is assessed and managed. The dominant view at the global level favours prioritising financial performance and organizational self-reliance on the grounds that these are necessary if not sufficient for achieving sustained social impact over time. This has led to a focus in research on microfinance organizations (MFOs) that have sought transformation into registered financial institutions. In contrast, there has been less research into performance management of MFOs with strong NGO roots (referred to here as NGO-MFOs) who have prioritized social impact over growth and transformation. The thesis explores these issues for microfinance in India, starting with a systematic literature review of secondary evidence on its social impact. Two case studies of NGO-MFOs located in Tamil Nadu (ASSEFA and CRUSADE) then provide a more ethnographic perspective on social performance management and assessment. Case study data consists of participant observation, staff semi-structured interviews and organizational documents collected primarily during fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2013. These case studies document how NGO-MFOs view the ‘best practices’ of mainstream microfinance models (including financial performance) pragmatically while conceptualizing social performance according to their core values and social movement roots. They also illustrate how the mainstream view of social performance assessment (reflected by the review of impact evaluations) fails to capture the informal, flexible, and process-oriented approaches to social performance management pursued by some NGO-MFOs.
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Masad, Dana. "Moving Towards Self-Reliance: Living Conditions of Refugee Camps in Lebanon and Opportunities for Development." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/161.
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Refugee camps in Lebanon are harsh, continuously and rapidly deteriorating environments. In addition to poverty, numerous wars and the restrictions of civil rights, refugee camps that were not designed as a long-term settlement were made to accommodate their residents in addition to their descendents for a period that has lasted over 59 years. Since the establishment of the camps in 1948 the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon have fallen victim to multiple wars and as a result most camps have witnessed major destruction of homes and infrastructure, and a few were entirely destroyed. Today, the planning and development of the camps are highly restricted by the local government, building material is banned from entering the camps and horizontal as well as vertical expansion is prohibited by Lebanese law. According to the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) the hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon have the highest rate of people living in "abject poverty" in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the refugee community and the international aid agencies working in the camps are caught in the dilemma of investing in the development of a sustainable environment in a settlement with a temporary purpose and an uncertain future. This thesis explores the problems facing the built-environment in the camps within the political and socio-economic context, and takes the camp of Burj El Barajneh as a case study for deeper investigation. It then suggests three possible solution approaches that address the environmental problems within different future scenarios. The thesis also looks at the feasibility and requirements of an energy generation plant to provide part of the energy needs of the camp of Burj El Barjneh. Finally, a set of conclusions and recommendations are derived that address the refugee community, the international aid agencies and the host country. The significance of this study is to mitigate a possible humanitarian and environmental crisis in the most dire of refugee situations in the Middle East, with the hope that conclusions drawn from this study can be applied to refugee communities elsewhere in the region.
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Roberts, Christine. "Analysis of different types of physical activity and functional independence in old age." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237638.
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Physical activity is associated with greater independence in old age. While most research has focused on the frequency, intensity and time spent in activity, inconsistent findings have emerged, possibly due to differences across different types of physical activity. Physical activities differ in terms of their non-metabolic, mental, physical and social demands, however, to date, the effects of these demands on functional independence are unexplored. The present thesis aimed to investigate the effect of different types of physical activity on functional independence in old age. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) found a significant, beneficial effect of physical activity on functional performance, with the largest effects found for moderate physical activity levels, and activity types with high levels of mental (e.g. memory, attention), physical (e.g. coordination, balance) and social (e.g. social interaction) demands. These findings generated the hypothesis that physical activities high in mental, physical and social demands are associated with greater functional independence. Thus, a novel typology of physical activities was generated by systematically coding the mental (i.e. attention/concentration, memory, decision-making and strategy), physical (i.e. flexibility, balance, coordination, speeded reactions) and social (i.e. social interaction) demands of 59 physical activities. The typology was then used to recode data from the Understanding Society survey. Findings revealed that as the non-metabolic, physical activity demands increased, functional independence improved. Associations remained significant after controlling for demographics. Key findings included differences across gender, in that the mental and physical demands of activity predicted muscular strength in males, whereas social demands predicted muscular strength in females. In conclusion, physical activities with higher mental, physical and social demands (e.g. dancing) are associated with greater functional independence in old age, compared with simpler types (e.g. walking). Future research is required to test whether these novel findings are replicated elsewhere, ideally using longitudinal or RCT designs.
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Forsslund, Annika. "From nobody to somebody : Women’s struggle to achieve dignity and self-reliance in a Bangladeshi village." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-16583.
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This study concerns a rural development project in a village in Bangladesh, initiated in 1973 and followed up regularly until 1991. The original project included the development of a jute handicraft cooperative for women, started and supervised by the author The aims of the thesis are: to describe and analyze the process of change in the lives of some women, engaged in the cooperative, to shed light on this process from the women's perspective, and to discuss what can and should be a target for development education for rural women, coming from the lowest social stratum of society. The ten women who first joined the cooperative are focused in this thesis. The thesis includes their own tales of their experience of the training involved in participation in the cooperative, and their own development process. In the study, the concept of dialogue is used both as a pedagogical method of imparting knowledge, as a form of conversation/interview, aiming at obtaining information from an insider perspective, and also as a concept when compiling data in life histories. The life history approach has been helpful in investigating the educational and developmental process from the women's point of view. Beside skills training, the content of the education for the cooperative was alphabetization, cooperative training and management. Other topics such as nutrition, hygiene, health- and child-care and family planning, were eventually included after the need for training in such areas was articulated in the dialogue between the participating women and the project leader. In contrast to many development projects managed entirely from the top down, all aspects of the training programme were discussed with and approved by the targeted group. The main effect of the training programme was empowerment of the women, which was expressed as an articulated consciousness of their human dignity and a feeling of freedom. The women had developed a professional identity and an awareness of the relevance of contextualised education. A further effect of their new identity was a reduced birth rate. The results of the project are discussed in relation to development education.digitalisering@umu
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Teles, Fazendeiro Bernardo. "Uzbekistan's self-reliance 1991-2010 : public politics and the impact of roles in shaping bilateral relationships." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3966.
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This thesis applies role theory to understand how Uzbekistan's bilateral relationships became either conflicting or cooperative between 1991 and 2010. Roles are key elements of social interaction as they describe plausible lines of action in a particular subject-person. They are thus a helpful way of identifying actors and constructing narratives. Furthermore, if they are seen as metaphors for drama, one may argue that roles - as opposed to personal identities - encapsulate autonomous action, which, like a text, ascertains meaning beyond the author's intent. In other words, by separating action from intent, one may regard politics in a different light - as interaction emplotted by roles -, thereby revealing how actions contradict a set of roles and lead to conflict and crises in public credibility. This manner of emplotting relationships divulges an alternative story that, rather than focusing on Tashkent's strategic balancing and alignment, demonstrates how Uzbekistani leadership gradually developed an overarching self-reliant role set that shapes its actions. Moreover, Uzbekistan's cooperative and conflicting relationships are described less in light of strategic survival rationale than as the outcome of gradual role compatibilities arising through time. Therefore, unlike some other accounts, this thesis argues that, throughout Uzbekistan's first twenty years of independence, public disputes were crucial to understanding interaction and also that Tashkent was never actually aligned with Russia or the United States. To bring forth this argument, the following chapters expound the assumptions behind some scholarly research and develop the concepts of self-reliance, roles, action, public sphere, credibility and narrative. The discussion progresses toward self-reliance and how the concept captures President Karimov's roles, which are used to emplot Uzbekistan's interaction with the United States, Russia, Germany and Turkey. The first two are relevant for analyzing whether roles reveal more than the typical accounts based on security balancing. Germany is then included because its relationship with Tashkent was rarely conflicting in the public sphere, allowing it to increase bilateral trade and secure a military base in Uzbekistan after the 2005 Andijan Crisis. It was thus a relatively stable connection, unlike Tashkent's relationships with Washington and Moscow. Lastly, to control Germany's middle-power status, the case of Turkey is brought to the fore since Ankara's willingness to engage with Tashkent was not enough to foster cooperation.
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Ndunguru, Neema J. "Towards self-reliance : translating the concept into instruments that assess people-centered development in grassroot organizations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3817.
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Garner, Anthony Ross. "Self-Reliance, Social Welfare, and Sacred Landscapes: Mormon Agricultural Spaces and Their Paradoxical Sense of Place." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7077.
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What is the sense of place of Mormon agricultural landscapes? That is to say, what makes an LDS Church-owned welfare farm or a Mormon family garden meaningful to those who interact with it? In formulating a partial answer to this question, this thesis demonstrates how religious ideals of self-reliance and social welfare explicitly define Mormon agricultural landscapes, providing a sacred sense of their purpose to those who work and benefit from them. However, these sacred landscapes are complicated by developments of industrial agricultural equipment, corporate institutions, and urban demographics, which tend to isolate people from each other and the land they live from while developing in them a false sense of independence and sustainability. The LDS Church and its membership have learned to mitigate these negative implications to a degree, though I suggest doctrinal reasons they could do better.
As case studies, this thesis examines the motives and methods of an industrially scaled Church welfare farm in Blue Creek, Utah and a Mormon family garden in Bluffdale, Utah. Contextualized within relevant American and Mormon history, I explore the paradoxical sense of place of Mormon agricultural landscapes where ideals of self-reliance and social welfare thrive and social isolation and emotional interconnection coexist, which makes room for principles of economic efficiency and environmental conservation to find a compromise.
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Trask, Lexine M. "The Barriers to Economic Self-Reliance: An Ethnographic Study of Low-Income Single Mothers in Prince George's County Maryland." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236718713.
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Hoffman, Carol A. "Predictors of reliance on children's self-care by urban black and white families in the United States." Oberlin College Masters Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=obgrad1315410341.
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Shen, Zheng. "The Good Mother : A Moral Guide in Family Education." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8972.
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Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women contains didactic messages that teach readers valuable lessons about life through Mrs March’s very special kind of family education. It concentrates on the content of her education and her methods, relying on five main qualities—mercy, self-reliance, labor and duty, the family and modesty. These qualities are analysed from the point of view of the implied reader.
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Murphy, Clifford R. "New England country and western music self-reliance, community expression, and regional resistance of the New Egnland frontier /." Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.
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Halter, Sarah Kathryn. "Self-help groups as a strategy for rural development in western Kenya an exploratory study in Butere-Mumias District /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Community, Agriculture, Recreation and Resource Studies, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96). Also issued in print.
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Turner, Anne Tiffany. "Discovering the "God Within": The Experience and Manifestation of Emerson's Evolving Philosophy of Intuition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4099.
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Investigating individual subjectivity, Ralph Waldo Emerson traveled to Europe following the death of his first wife, Ellen Tucker Emerson, and his resignation from the Unitarian ministry. His experience before and during the voyage contributed to the evolution of a self-intuitive philosophy, termed selbstgefühl by the German Romantics and altered his careful style of composition and delivery to promote the integrity of individual subjectivity as the highest authority in the deduction of truth. He would use this philosophy throughout the remainder of his life to encourage his audience to experience the same process he did.
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Dorward, Caitlin Emma. "Assessment of current status and modeling of future capacity for land based food self-reliance in southwest British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52681.
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There is growing awareness that climate change, economic instability, resource limitations and population growth are profoundly impacting the capacity of the contemporary global food system to meet human nutrition needs. Although there is widespread recognition that food systems must evolve in the face of these issues, a polarized debate has emerged around the merit of global-verses-local approaches to this evolution. Local food system advocates argue that increasing food self-reliance will concomitantly benefit human health, the environment, and local economies, while critics argue that only a globalized system will produce enough calories to efficiently and economically feed the world. This debate largely takes place in absence of knowledge of the current food self-reliance status of specific regions and capacity to increase it in the future. This study addressed this knowledge gap by developing methods to assess current (2011) status and model future (2050) capacity for land based food self-reliance in a diet satisfying nutritional recommendations and food preferences that accounts for seasonality of crop production, and comparing self-reliance in livestock raised with and without locally produced feedstocks. The methods were applied to the southwest British Columbia bio-region (SWBC). Results indicated that SWBC production of feed and food grain is a major constraint on self-reliance. Total dietary self-reliance of SWBC was 12% in 2011 if discounting livestock feed imports or 40% if including them. Self-reliance could be increased in 2050 in a Localized food system in which crops are allocated to agricultural lands in a manner that maximizes food self-reliance, but not in a Business as Usual (BAU) food system in which crop and livestock production follows 2011 patterns. The average of nine modeled scenarios for 2050 food self-reliance in the Localized food system was 26% if discounting livestock feed imports or 44% if including livestock raised with imported feed, and in the BAU food system was 8% and 23% respectively. Analysis revealed that both food systems are more sensitive to changes in farmland availability than climate change-induced changes in crop yield. Land use results indicate that horticultural crop production would dominate farmland use in a scenario of increased food self-reliance.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Njiraini, Nancy Nyambura Karanja. "Exploring the importance of critical thinking in creating capabilities for self-reliance in international community development : a Kenyan context." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6455/.
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Self-reliance as a component of development agendas is often relegated to the background if mentioned at all. This thesis explores the value of self-reliance in meaningful progress, as well as the conditions which enable self-reliance, paying particular attention to the role of critical thinking in that process. It investigates individual and collective use of local knowledge in formulating strategies for progressive community development in collaboration with international agencies. By drawing attention to the practical aspects of development interventions, the challenges can be observed from an equality, justice and inclusion perspective. The thesis works with the frameworks of Amartya Sen’s and Martha Nussbaum’s human development and capabilities approach calling attention to the value of freedom in development and the capabilities to do and to be. It adopts a critical theoretical approach from an emancipatory perspective and argues that a useful way to consider self-reliance may be Immanuel Kant’s perspective on Enlightenment as emergence from self-imposed inability to use one’s own knowledge. This approach emphasises the value in acknowledging the views of those the process is meant to support. By approaching the issues through Freirean dialogue and participatory methods, that address concerns of power relationships, the thesis provides a ‘space to speak’ for the community groups. This is facilitated by the use of the creative engagement tool ‘Ketso’. This thesis argues that meaningful progress is inclusive and that it should pay attention to mutual processes of knowledge production. The findings highlight the role of lifelong learning as a mediating process where knowledge is exchanged and where reciprocation takes place in a way that respects other people’s values and interests.
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Shields, Christopher Andrew. "The Dilemma of Proxy-Agency in Exercise: a Social-Cognitive Examination of the Balance between Reliance and Self-Regulatory Ability." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/715.
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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT: Bandura, 1997) has been used successfully in understanding exercise adherence. To date, the majority of the exercise research has focused on situations of personal agency (i. e. , self as agent: e. g. , McAuley & Blissmer, 2000). However, there are a number of exercise situations in which people look to others to help them manage their exercise participation by enlisting a proxy-agent (Bandura, 1997). While using assistance from a proxy can promote the development of self-regulatory skills, Bandura (1997) cautions that reliance on a proxy actually reduces mastery experiences which can result in an inability to self-regulate one?s behaviour. Although research examined proxy-agency in exercise (e. g. , Bray et al. , 2001), the issue of reliance on the proxy at the expense of the participant?s ability to adjust to exercise without that agent has not been investigated. This potential dilemma of proxy-agency in exercise was at the core of this dissertation and was investigated in a series of three studies. Study 1 investigated whether those who differed in preferred level of proxy-contact also differed in their social-cognitions both within and outside a proxy-led exercise context. In addition, the relationships between proxy-efficacy, reliance and self-efficacy were examined. Results indicated that participants who preferred regular contact with an exercise proxy had lower self-regulatory efficacy, lower task efficacy, and weaker intentions in a proxy-led exercise context. Further, high-contact participants were shown to be less efficacious in dealing with the behavioural challenge of sudden class elimination. It was also demonstrated that higher reliance on the instructor was associated with lower self-efficacy and higher proxy-efficacy. Study 2 served to extend the findings of Study 1 through the examination of behavioural differences characteristic of differential levels of preferred proxy contact and the reasons for use of proxy-agency. It was found that exercise class participants preferring high contact with a proxy found exercising independently more difficult than did their low contact counterparts. It was also found that when faced with class elimination, those preferring high contact chose a self-managed activity alternative less frequently than did those preferring low contact. High contact participants also reported feeling less confident, less satisfied and perceived their alternative activity as more difficult than did those preferring low contact. In examining the reasons for preferring high proxy-contact, results indicated that a preference for high contact was associated with having had less experience exercising independently and allotting more responsibility for in-class participation to the class instructor as compared to preferring low proxy-contact. Study 3 used Lent and Lopez?s (2002) tripartite model of efficacy beliefs to examine the associations between relational efficacies (i. e. , other-efficacy and relation inferred self-efficacy (RISE) beliefs, proxy-efficacy) and various social cognitions relevant to proxy-agency. Results revealed that relational efficacies were distinct yet related constructs which additively predicted self-regulatory efficacy, satisfaction, intended intensity and reliance. Relational efficacies were also shown to make unique contributions to the predictions of the relevant social-cognitions. It was also demonstrated that RISE beliefs were associated with the attributions participants made. Specifically, higher RISE beliefs was associated with making more internal, personally controllable and stable attributions. These results represent the initial examination of relational efficacy beliefs in the exercise literature and provide additional evidence of the proxy-agency dilemma in exercise. Taken together, the present series of studies both support theorizing by Bandura on the dilemma of proxy-agency and represent an extension of the existing literature of proxy-agency in exercise. Results suggest that seemingly healthy, regularly exercising adults who choose to employ proxy-agency may be at risk for nonadherence in situations of behavioural challenge. The current findings have important implications for exercise leaders and interventionists as they must be aware of the balance between helping and hindering.
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Ndiaye, Amadou Lamine. "Les idées politiques de Julius Nyerere : un projet panafricaniste revisité." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20002/document.
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Cette thèse revisite l’histoire du projet panafricaniste, en s’inscrivant dans la dynamique intellectuelle actuelle qui, face à la mondialisation, vise à proposer des réponses adaptées aux problèmes politiques et économiques des nations africaines. Elle présente et analyse les personnalités et les grandes idées et courants idéologiques qui ont traversé cette histoire, mais elle se focalise tout particulièrement sur Julius Nyerere (1922-1999), grand panafricaniste dont le parcours et les idées demeurent dans l’ombre. Elle montre aussi comment, dans le contexte africain actuel de crise de leadership, ces idées peuvent s’insérer dans un renouveau panafricaniste. Cette thèse n’est cependant ni une étude de la politique mené par Nyerere en Tanzanie entre 1960 et 1985 ni une nouvelle histoire du panafricanisme. Elle participe simplement à la réflexion pour l’élaboration d’une politique panafricaniste globale, qui pourrait permettre de répondre aux enjeux socioéconomiques qui mobilisent les militants et les théoriciens panafricanistes en Afrique et au sein de la Diaspora. Cette réflexion s’appuie sur l’analyse d’un programme concret de solidarité panafricaniste transatlantique conçu par une association afro-américaine dénommé Pan-African Skills Project au début des années 1970 à partir de la vision de Julius Nyerere pour soutenir les efforts de ce dernier en matière de développement dans le cadre de la TanzanieThis dissertation revisits the history of the pan-Africanist project within the scope of the current intellectual trend, whose aim is to find appropriate solutions to tackle the problems of African nations in the globalized economy of today. It presents some African political figures whose ideas have shaped the history of Pan-Africanism while focusing more particularly on the theories of Julius Nyerere (1922-1999), a great pan-Africanist still out of the limelight. It also demonstrates how in the context of the current leadership crisis in Africa these ideas can contribute to a revival of Pan-Africanism. This dissertation however is neither a study of the policies implemented by Nyerere in Tanzania between 1960 and 1985 nor a rewriting of the history of Pan-Africanism itself. Its only aim is to contribute to the ongoing intellectual movement of activists and theorists of Pan-Africanism who are committed to building a comprehensive pan-Africanist policy. This study is based on the analysis of a programme of concrete transatlantic pan-Africanist solidarity designed by an Afro-American association named Pan-African Sills Project in the early 1970 relying on the vision of Julius Nyerere in order to support his efforts for the development of Tanzania
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Liu, Yuch-lam. "A study of welfare-to-work policy in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36456743.
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Clegg, Alison. "Balancing Act: Local fair trade in Kitchener-Waterloo." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/966.
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This research has investigated local fair trade in Kitchener-Waterloo, seeking to determine its extent, the supports and obstacles it experiences, and the reasons people engage in it. Local fair trade combines localism with the ethical principles of fair trade, and is defined as 'any business for which profit-making is a means to achievement of social goals through local action'.
Twenty-eight key informant interviews were conducted with local practitioners of fair trade, and with experts knowledgeable about fair trade, business, and Kitchener-Waterloo. Five follow-up interviews with practitioners added to the data on people's motivations for working in local fair trade businesses and organizations.
The research revealed that many local fair trade businesses exist in Kitchener-Waterloo, but these businesses do not see themselves as connected with one another in the practice of local fair trade. No formal or informal network exists among them.
The research findings indicated numerous major supports for local fair trade including: funding, volunteers, public awareness, a focus on business management, connections between producers and consumers, support from community and individuals, and action for change on multiple levels. Interestingly, the major obstacles to local fair trade were all associated with major supports. Obstacles included financial issues (high costs, low income), need for funding, difficulties with business operations, and a lack of public support, awareness, and understanding.
People were motivated to work in local fair trade by a sense that what they did was 'good' or 'right', by a desire to work towards increasing people's economic security and human development, and because they wanted to promote sustainability, human health, and a healthy environment.
The findings suggested that business issues are an ongoing source of challenge for many local fair trade businesses and organizations. They also suggested that local fair trade involves a difficult balancing act between business goals and social goals. The research highlighted a perceived need for greater public awareness and support for the goals of local fair trade, as well as, contradictorily, a sense that local fair trade would be more successful if it could reach 'mainstream' consumers through good business practice (rather than shared values).
The research concluded that local fair trade, while present in Kitchener-Waterloo, needs better support and promotion for existing businesses to represent a serious alternative to conventional economics. Promotion must occur on various levels, from the education of individuals to advocacy at the international level, in order to promote fair trading rules and the rights of localities to make decisions in favour of localization and of environmental protection. Promotion should also include making information on local fair trade available to prospective and current business-people, investigating a long-term solution to the problem of funding, and developing a network for local fair trade business and organizations.
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Jensen, Laura Lippert Lamke Leanne K. "The relationship between geographic mobility and feelings of mastery during adolescence." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/JENSEN_LAURA_49.pdf.
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Miller, Julian. "Tragic Optimism and Universal Values: Reframing the Narrative of Poverty in Central West Virginia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/174.
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The purpose of this investigation is to see how economic inequality, stereotypes, and unemployment affect the well-being of people who identify as middle class in central West Virginia. Questions include whether living in a place with high poverty rates, regardless of income, negatively affects a person’s attitude and well-being, and if middle class people are victims of “guilt-by-association” for living in a lower income county. The results of this study may help organizations like the ARC include data on well-being and life satisfaction alongside their economic reports. Moreover, the public may begin to view West Virginia differently, fueling tourism and overall economic growth. Relevant scholarship for this project includes: The Road to Poverty (Billings, Blee), Stigma (Goffman), Glass House (Alexander), Those Who Work, Those Who Don’t (Sherman), Women, Power, and Dissent… (Anglin), Man’s Search for Meaning (Frankl), and The Human Quest for Meaning (Wong). I am conducting phenomenological interviews of twelve people in six distressed counties and also administering the Life Attitudes Scale to determine their level of well-being. I will then use an ethnomethodological approach to analyze the lived experiences of these West Virginians. Specifically, I wish to understand how they confront the forces of Othering and dehumanization imposed on them by both cultural outsiders and regional organizations. In doing so, this study may prove that the social reality and moral framework constructed by the people who live in this area is far closer to the truth than any kind of statistical analysis.
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Switzer, Carolyn. "The challenge of sustaining agricultural self-reliance, a comparative study of the impact of market crisis on farmers in India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0026/MQ51100.pdf.
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MANCA, GAVINA. "Fattori di sviluppo e dinamiche identitarie nel Mediterraneo: il caso dell'arcipelago maltese." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/183.
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I nodi concettuali analizzati nel presente lavoro sono stati fondamentalmente due: 1) le politiche dello sviluppo in area mediterranea; 2) l'importanza che assumono in questo quadro i temi legati all'appartenenza e all'identità.
In questo senso il concetto di sviluppo sostenibile è un altro punto chiave di questa parte. Al percorso teorico ha fatto seguito uno studio di caso presso l'arcipelago maltese.This thesis is focused on two aspects: 1) the politics of development in the Mediterranean area, 2) the crucial role played by identity. The theoretical part is followed by a case study in the Malta archipelago, where we studied the development processes along with the identity dynamics through a multimethod approach.
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MANCA, GAVINA. "Fattori di sviluppo e dinamiche identitarie nel Mediterraneo: il caso dell'arcipelago maltese." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/183.
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I nodi concettuali analizzati nel presente lavoro sono stati fondamentalmente due: 1) le politiche dello sviluppo in area mediterranea; 2) l'importanza che assumono in questo quadro i temi legati all'appartenenza e all'identità.
In questo senso il concetto di sviluppo sostenibile è un altro punto chiave di questa parte. Al percorso teorico ha fatto seguito uno studio di caso presso l'arcipelago maltese.This thesis is focused on two aspects: 1) the politics of development in the Mediterranean area, 2) the crucial role played by identity. The theoretical part is followed by a case study in the Malta archipelago, where we studied the development processes along with the identity dynamics through a multimethod approach.
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Rowe, Brad James. "Emersonian Perfectionism: A Man is a God in Ruins." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/109.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson is a great American literary figure that began his career as a minister at Boston’s Second Church. He discontinued his ministry to become an essayist and lecturer and continued as such for the remainder of his life. This thesis was written with the intent of demonstrating that, in spite of leaving the ministry, Emerson continued to be religious and a religionist throughout his life and that he promulgated a unique religion based upon the principle of self-reliance. At the heart of Emerson’s religion of self-reliance is the doctrine of perfectionism, the infinite capacity of individuals. This thesis defines Emerson’s perfectionism and then tries to locate him in American Studies by contextualizing him with three of his religious contemporaries that were also preaching the doctrine of perfectionism. (109 pages)
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Lansing, Sandra Joyce. "From thought to style: Emerson's interplay of ideas and language." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1404.
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Vitkauskaitė, Laura. "Fizinio aktyvumo įtaka Kauno S. Nėries vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_145348-02700.
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Darbo tema. Fizinio aktyvumo įtaka Kauno S. Nėries vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi.
Darbo objektas. Moksleivių fizinis aktyvumas, savęs vertinimas ir pasitikėjimas savimi.
Tyrimo problema. Iki šiol mažai tyrinėta fizinio aktyvumo įtaka moksleivių savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi, todėl iškyla probleminis klausimas ar fiziškai aktyvūs moksleiviai geriau save vertina ir labiau pasitiki savimi nei fiziškai pasyvūs?
Darbo aktualumas. Svarbu nustatyti, kokią įtaką jauno žmogaus fizinės veiklos aktyvumas turi jo asmenybės raidai, savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi.
Darbo naujumas. Fizinio aktyvumo įtaka 5–12 klasių moksleivių savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi yra mažai nagrinėta.
Praktinė reikšmė. Tyrimų rezultatų išvadomis galėtų remtis kūno kultūros mokytojai akcentuodami svarbiausius asmenybes raidos aspektus (pasitikėjimą ir savęs vertinimą) per kūno kultūros pamokas.
Hipotezė – fiziškai aktyvūs moksleiviai save geriau vertina ir pasitiki savimi labiau. Jaunesnieji moksleiviai geriau save vertina negu vyresnieji, o vyresnieji moksleiviai labiau pasitiki savimi nei jaunesnieji.
Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti fizinio aktyvumo įtaką Kauno S.Nėries vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių savęs vertinimui ir pasitikėjimui savimi.
Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti moksleivių požiūrį į fizinį aktyvumą. 2. Nustatyti moksleivių savęs vertinimo lygį lyties ir amžiaus aspektu. 3. Nustatyti moksleivių pasitikėjimo savimi lygį lyties ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The theme of the work. The influence of physical activity of Kaunas secondary school of S. Nėris schoolchildren‘s self - assessment and self - reliance. The object of the work. Physical activity of the schoolchildren, self – assessment and self – reliance. The problem of the research. The influence of physical activity to schoolchildren‘s self – assessment and self – reliance has not been much explored, therefore the question arises,if physically active cholchildren have more self – assesssment and self – reliance comparing with physically passive schoolchildren? Topicality of the work. It is important to determine the influence of a young man‘s physical activity to his personal development, self assessment and self reliance. Originality of the work. The influence of physical activity to self assessment and self- reliance of 5-12 forms pupils has not been much explored. Practical meaning. Implications of physical activity research can be used by the teachers of physical culture while emphasizing the basic aspects of a personal development ( self reliance and self assessment) during the lessons of physical culture. Hypothesis. Schoolchildren who are physically active are more self confident and better assess themselves than non- physically active pupils.Younger schoolchildren better assess themselves comparing with senior schoolchildren. Senior schoolchildren have better reliance on themselves comparing with younger friends. The aim of the research. To determine... [to full text]
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Wolfersberger-Melcher, Deborah Rae. "Children's self-efficacy and perceived problem-solving skills, an investigation of parental communication styles." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2164.
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A number of studies have investigated the factors that lead to peer acceptance in children. Particularly, the problem-solving skills of accepted and unaccepted children have been examined, with differences being substantiated. The present study investigated the possibility that problem-solving skill differences may be attributed to varying self-efficacy levels in children. Further, the communication styles of parents of high vs. low self-efficacy children were examined by observing parent/child interactions in a problem-solving situation. The results indicated that children did not differ in their ability to identify effective solutions to problems; rather, they did differ in their perceived ability to engage in effective solutions, with high self-efficacy children choosing more appropriate solutions as those that they would actually enact. Low self-efficacy children, on the other hand, chose less appropriate solutions as those that they would engage in. Finally, it was discovered that parents of high self-efficacy children utilized more positive types of messages (praise and modeling) than did those parents of low self-efficacy children. Low self-efficacy children had parents who utilized more controlling and negative types of communication styles. This study supports the motion that parents may be a significant contributing factor in the development of their child’s self-efficacy, which in turn affects the social problem-solving skills of children.
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Gharanfoli, Sepehr, and Kemal Kevin Nordal. "Self-Leadership, a universal or situational concept? : A two-sided perspective between International banks and IT companies - from employees’ point of view." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45741.
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In today's high pace of globalization and constant development of organizations, it is highly crucial that companies are able to adapt and figure out how to do things differently, such as to resolve how to streamline their work with the resources they have in the best possible way. One way of doing this is through the concept of Self-leadership which is a phenomenon providing the employees with more freedom and working independently more frequently without constant external executive control. Therefore, the authors of this paper have studied how the employees can use self-leadership with the purpose to examine if self-leadership can be used as a universal concept as well as in which situations it can be utilized. Thus, this master's thesis aims to contribute to the theoretical and empirical findings regarding this concept. This, by presenting various theories about the aspects of self-leadership in order to get a better understanding of how trust, communication and reliance may facilitate the entire process and how the leader of an organization could affect the practice and outcome of self-leadership. In order to provide a more in-depth aspect regarding the individuals practicing it on a daily basis, the authors have also studied the psychological aspects that may affect the practice, bearing in mind the cultural aspects that one possesses to see how these two factors may be intertwined to the concept of self-leadership. Additionally, the authors have studied the pros and cons with self-leadership as well as to find out whether or not self-leadership can be used as a universal concept that can be applicable in all working situations, independent of what role one has or in what sector one operates in, which is also one of the focal points of this study. Further, it has been examined to what extent self-leadership affects the performance of the person practicing it. Based on the theoretical findings and empirical data collected from practitioners working with self-leadership, operating in the international banking and IT sector, 4 semi-structured interviews were conducted which resulted in conclusions such as that self-leadership can be used by anyone, at any place or any time, no matter role or organization, rather the question lays within to what extent it may be practiced as some specific situations might require it more or less. Finally, the authors of this paper believe that self-leadership is applicable in all situations and that anyone would be able to practice it if there are enough balance between trust and communication from the the individuals in the organization and if it is clear enough by the superiors to what extent it may be practiced in different situations.
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Coleman, Claudia Jeanne. "Self-Sufficiency or Status Quo: Are the Residents in Hope VI Developments Making Progress Towards Self-Sufficiency?" University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311271142.
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Duarte, Lacerda Jose Augusto. "Self-Actualization: Transcendentalist Discourse in the Work of Stuart Saunders Smith." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447398824.
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Young, Sharon Y. "Zookie: A program on self protection for pre-school age children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/389.
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Kutame, Mamie Mariama. "Understanding self-neglect from the older person's perspective." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186597966.
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Rais, Ing-Marie, and Anna Blomqvist. "Läs- och skrivsvårigheter : Elevers upplevelser av sin studiesituation på gymnasieskolans yrkesförberedande program." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8677.
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Den här studien vill synliggöra elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter och deras situation på yrkesförberedande gymnasieprogram. Studien är baserad på kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga elever som studerar vid yrkesförberedande gymnasieprogram. Resultatet belyser det stöd och bemötande som eleverna upplever från skola, familj och kamrater. Ett tydligt resultat i denna studie är brist på information från lärare till elever om tillgängliga kompenserande hjälpmedel. I slutsatsen presenteras förslag på utvecklingsprojekt mellan berörda parter i skolan för att förbättra måluppfyllelsen för elever i behov av särskilt stöd.