Relevant bibliographies by topics / Self-Strengthening Movement

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Self-Strengthening Movement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Self-Strengthening Movement"

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Barnett, Suzanne Wilson, and Steven A. Leibo. "Transferring Technology to China. Prosper Giquel and the Self-strengthening Movement." Pacific Affairs 59, no. 4 (1986): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2758552.

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Qu, Jason. "Self-Strengthening Movement of Late Qing China: an Intermediate Reform Doomed to Failure." Asian Culture and History 8, no. 2 (2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v8n2p148.

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<p class="1Body">Despite of strong economy including highest GDP gross and self-sufficient feudal economy system, the late Qing Empire fell behind the world trend with its isolationist trade policies. As the Western world caught up technologically, economically, and politically, the former biggest economy had suffered from consecutive losses in wars. In order to preserve the feudal regime, the initiative reform, termed the Self Strengthening Movement was grandly carried out. However, without the true support from the supreme power on one hand, and without the support of the populace on t
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Tohidi, Nayereh, and Manijeh Daneshpour. "Will the Women’s Movement in Iran Grow into a National Liberation Movement?" Social Sciences 14, no. 5 (2025): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14050272.

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The Women, Life, Freedom (WLF) movement in Iran represents an existentialist and humanist liberation struggle against the country’s oppressive clerical regime. Grounded in existentialist philosophy, particularly Simone de Beauvoir’s concepts of autonomy, self-realization, and the pursuit of freedom, WLF extends beyond political reform to advocate for both personal and national liberation. The movement emphasizes self-determination, bodily autonomy, and agency, rejecting imposed identities and societal constraints. With over 120 years of Iranian women’s struggles as its foundation, WLF builds o
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Jang, Ui Shik. "Technical Schools in the Age of Self-strengthening Movement in the Late Ch'ing China." CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 116 (October 31, 2018): 133–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.116.133.

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Derzhaliuk, Mykola. "The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Its Influence on the Rise of the National Liberation Movement in Ukraine." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 26 (November 27, 2017): 499–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.499.

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The article highlights positive impact of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution on Ukrainian national liberation movement and strengthening of fight for renewal of the statehood in Ukraine. The author gives concrete examples to the Ukrainian SSR authorities’ policy on denationalization and internationalization of Ukrainian political, social and cultural life and on exsanguination of country’s self-sustainability. The article draws parallels between elimination of Hungarian and Ukrainian leaders of national liberation movement.
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Novita, Elmi, Santosa Soewarlan, and Nyoman Sukerna. "Manortor as a Solidarity and Identity Building Media of Mandailing Ethnic Group in Rokan Hulu, Riau Province." Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education 22, no. 2 (2022): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v22i2.36753.

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This study aimed to explore manortors as a medium for building solidarity and identity for the Mandailing community in Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. The research method was carried out through observation of manortor performances in Menaming, Bangun Purba, and Khaiti Villages as Mandailing ethnic dominions in Rokan Hulu. The observation focused on the movement aspect of the manortor. In-depth interviews were conducted to reinforce the data obtained through the observation of the manortor and to explore how aspects of the movement in the manortor build solidarity and identity. The results
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Chang, Adam. "Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’s Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901." Journal of Chinese Military History 6, no. 2 (2017): 157–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341316.

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Abstract The recent historiography of China’s late nineteenth-century Self-Strengthening movement emphasizes the successes in Chinese state building. My research expands upon this trend through the perspective of the prominent governor-general Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (1837-1909) and his military reforms. From 1884 to 1901, Zhang consistently pursued the creation of new military academies and western-style armies with the aim of providing an army capable of defending China. At the turn of the century, Zhang’s military apparatus was arguably one of the best in China. However, his role as a military pi
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Mabuchi, Mamoru, and Kenji Higashi. "Superplastic constitutive equation and rate-controlling process in aluminum matrix composites with discontinuous fiber and particle reinforcements." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 3 (1998): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0080.

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Superplastic behavior of aluminum matrix composites with discontinuous reinforcements has been investigated in a temperature range below the melting temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results of the mechanical properties revealed that the rate-controlling process of superplastic flow was associated with dislocation movement controlled by lattice self-diffusion. The strengthening due to the presence of reinforcements was retained. It is suggested that the strongest strengthening process of the dislocation-pileup mechanism and the diffusional relaxation-l
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Mingyang, LI. "Building Warships and Nurturing Technical Talent at the Foochow Navy Yard during the Self-Strengthening Movement." Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1461.2020.02001.

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Wang, Kai. "Scientific Gentry and Socialisation of Western Science in China's Modernisation during "Self-strengthening" Movement (1860-1895)." Almagest 9, no. 1 (2018): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.almagest.5.116020.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Self-Strengthening Movement"

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Poag, Frederic. "The Open Door, Dollar Diplomacy, and the Self-Strengthening Movement: The Birth of American Idealist Imperialism in China, 1890 - 1912." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3363.

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American Foreign Policy at the outset of the Twentieth century evolved from a realist to an idealist position as the United States transitioned to an imperial power. This ideal framework was formed in the crucible of China during the Spheres of Influence and the Open Door. The US had to play delicate game of helping China to maintain their territorial, and administrative integrity while at the same time protecting their newly acquired overseas interests against more established imperial actors. While there were many missteps, and failures during this transition perhaps the most the important r
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Shiau-Shiang, YEH, and 葉曉祥. "Comparion between Self-Strengthening Movement and Meiji Restoration." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99430395733638804193.

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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>日本研究所<br>97<br>After the Opium War (1840-1842), China is repeatly invaded by big powers, the people have no means of livelihood. In order to collect the political situation again, Imperial Palace of Qing Dynasty is in Prince Gong, YiXin's happy , gentle and auspicious hosting, under the popularization of Zeng Guofan , Zuo Zongtang , Li Hongzhang ,etc., by way of learn from the westing , have pursued the great more than 30 years -long innovation self-improvement movement since 1861, declare that stops until the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 suffers a defeat . And Japan also abs
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Fang, Jian-Fu, and 方建富. "THE SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT IN LATE CH’ING CHINA, 1860-1894." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44446790833348007955.

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LIN, CHIA-HSUAN, and 林嘉瑄. "A Study of the Role of Li Hongzhang in the Self-Strengthening Movement." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35nj67.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>戰略暨國際事務研究所<br>105<br>In June 1840, the United Kingdom launched the first opium war against the Qing China, who lost to British warships and artillery, and declared defeat. This began the erosion of the Qing China by Western powers. In 1856, a British and French military alliance once again carried out joint attacks on China; with China’s defeat, the Qing Court began to exhibit new ways of thinking on a series of military, commercial, education, public welfare, and industrial matters, as a part of the “Self-Strengthening Movement.” After arriving in Shanghai in 1862, Li Hongzhan
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Karlova, Ugur Rifat, and 吳承鳳. "The Military Modernization of China during the Self Strengthening Movement (1861-1895) and Li Hong Zhang’s Impact." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97499932646628462337.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>政治學研究所<br>97<br>The author of this study has an idea of starting point in China’s modernization period. The author considers the starting point of the Military Modernization in China’s modern history is First Opium War. The big defeat in the war led the Chinese politicians and scholars to think about the mistakes in the past. With the understanding of Modernization experience in the West, China has begun to research and get more information from the Western countries about their learning. As a result of that China’s modernization period started in military field at first. The
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Yu, Yi-Ping, and 俞怡萍. "The Development of Taiwanese Architecture under the Influence of the Policy of Self-Strengthening Movement.〈1863～1895〉." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n9k87q.

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碩士<br>中原大學<br>建築研究所<br>90<br>The signature of Tianjin Treaty by 1858, Shian-Feng 8th year, contributes the openness of commercial ports in Taiwan, and then also enlightens the commercial policy at Mandarin Dynasty. There were some western-style Customs Office buildings designed by foreigners in 1863, Tung-Ji 2 st year. Because Mou-tan-sheh Accident in 1874, Tung-Ji 13 th year, Mandarin understood Taiwan was an important status for China Sea Safety Defense, then, sent a lot of officers experienced in western affairs to Taiwan and improved the development of Taiwan, so there were many non-Chines
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Peng, Hong. "Qingliu and reform : the orthodoxy of the literati in the reform movement of late nineteenth century China." Master's thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112014.

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This thesis is focused on the ideals and activities of the qingliu group during two major political movements, the self-strengthening (ziqiang) and reform (bianfa) movements, between the 1860s and 1890s. The qingliu group was a political faction of the "scholar-officials" (shidafu). In particular, the members of the group comprised the more distinguished of the scholar-officials. Most of the members of the qingliu group held positions in the Hanlin Academy, the Censorate or other official bodies and the Court could ill-afford to ignore their opinions, or qingyi (literally 'pure discussi
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Books on the topic "Self-Strengthening Movement"

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Li, Jian. Wan Qing yang wu yun dong shi qi chuan jiao shi huo dong yan jiu: Yi yang wu jiao yu wei zhong xin. Xin hua chu ban she, 2015.

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Transferring technology to China: Prosper Giquel and the Self-strengthening Movement. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Center for Chinese Studies, 1985.

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Yang wu zi qiang: Yangwu ziqiang. Chongqing chu ban she, 2016.

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Yang wu yun dong dui jin dai gong ye ying xiang tan xi. Tuan jie chu ban she, 2018.

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Zhang Zhidong yu Qing mo xin zheng yan jiu. Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2015.

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Zhang Zhidong yu Qing mo xin zheng yan jiu. 2nd ed. Shanghai shu dian, 2009.

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Huli Shan pao tai yu yang wu yun dong. Xiamen da xue chu ban she, 2012.

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Chuan zheng shi. Fujian ren min chu ban she, 2016.

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Jenco, Leigh. Chinese Political Ideologies. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0002.

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This chapter examines modern Chinese political ideologies beginning in the late nineteenth century, as intellectuals began to articulate China’s place in a global order centred outside its own borders. It eschews a teleological view of China’s ideological development, in which the present communist regime is assumed to be the inevitable culmination of the past, in favour of detailing ongoing contestations about Chinese history, identity, and modernization. The chapter surveys early responses of the ‘self-strengthening’ school to nineteenth-century Western imperialism, going on to discuss the d
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Blaney, Stuart. Equality and Freedom in Rancière and Foucault. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350498907.

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Responding to the increasing need for new and peaceful forms of emancipation, Stuart Blaney offers a unique solution in the synergy between two pioneering strands of continental philosophy: Michael Foucault’s ideas on freedom and JacquesRancière’s ideas on equality. Building a dialogue between these two thinkers, Blaney presents new perspectives on their work and a clear picture that emancipation comes from everyday practices rather than any particular movement or revolution. In exploring these combined views of equality and freedom, Blaney draws on some of the central facets of both concepts,
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Book chapters on the topic "Self-Strengthening Movement"

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Huang, Ray. "From the Opium War to the Self-Strengthening Movement." In China. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003421986-18.

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Huang, Ray. "From the Opium War to the Self-Strengthening Movement." In China, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003578772-18.

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Gray, Jack. "The self-strengthening movement." In Rebellions and Revolutions. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198700692.003.0005.

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Abstract The years 1861 to 1894, between the end of the Third War with the West and the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War, were make-or-break years for the reform of the old system. The period had begun with defeat, and rebellion still raged. The Taipings were to hold Nanjing for three more years.
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"Financial Thought of the Self-strengthening Movement Period." In A History of China's Financial Thought. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811220005_0008.

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van de Ven, Hans. "The Customs Service During the Self-Strengthening Movement, 1870–1895." In Breaking with the Past. Columbia University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231137386.003.0004.

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"Chapter Three. The Customs Service During the Self-Strengthening Movement, 1870–1895." In Breaking with the Past. Columbia University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/vand13738-006.

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Narahari, Saravu, Madhur Guruprasad Aggithaya, and Terence J. Ryan. "Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology." In Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2788-6.ch014.

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The lymphedema is a disfiguring and disabling disease caused by dysfunction of lymphatic system due to damage/block or by lymph overload. Breast Cancer Related Lmyphedema and elephantiasis due to Lymphatic Filariasis are most prevalent world over. This chapter describes the yoga protocols used as a part of integrative medicine treatment, to treat lymphedema. Patients perform yoga in two sessions. It includes warm up, breathing, prolonged exercise with appropriate rests and relaxation. Yoga helps to drain lymph though various mechanisms. Asanas focus on dermal stretch, joint movement, muscle pu
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Narahari, Saravu, Madhur Guruprasad Aggithaya, and Terence J. Ryan. "Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology." In Complementary and Alternative Medicine. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7039-4.ch023.

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The lymphedema is a disfiguring and disabling disease caused by dysfunction of lymphatic system due to damage/block or by lymph overload. Breast Cancer Related Lmyphedema and elephantiasis due to Lymphatic Filariasis are most prevalent world over. This chapter describes the yoga protocols used as a part of integrative medicine treatment, to treat lymphedema. Patients perform yoga in two sessions. It includes warm up, breathing, prolonged exercise with appropriate rests and relaxation. Yoga helps to drain lymph though various mechanisms. Asanas focus on dermal stretch, joint movement, muscle pu
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Ahmed, Hifza, Haleema Sadia, Ulvina Riaz, and Irtasam Ahmad. "Physical Activities Averting Women Demise." In Physical Activity and Sports As Preventive Medicine for Psychosocial Health and Well-Being [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1009107.

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The word physical activity primarily refers to any voluntary movement of the body that leads to energy expenditure. These movements can procure quite physical benefits along with social and intellectual if performed in a strategic manner. Fascinatingly, it is effects are more pronounced in females influenced by biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors. Rather than monotonous physical activities like proper exercise, women can involve themselves in more fun activities, namely, bicycling, hiking, swimming or simply playing with kids. Additionally, exercises such as aerobic or strengt
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Kaholokula, Joseph Keawe‘aimoku. "Mauli Ola: Pathways to Optimal Kanaka ‘Ōiwi Health." In Ho'i Hou Ka Mauli Ola, edited by Winona K. Mesiona Lee and Mele A. Look. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824872731.003.0002.

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This essay explores the social and cultural determinants of Kanaka ʻŌiwi (Native Hawaiian) health and the pathways to Mauli Ola (optimal health and wellbeing). Future opportunities for enhancing Mauli Ola explored are the demographic changes in the Kanaka ʻŌiwi population, continuing cultural revitalization efforts, participation in the larger society, and self-determination and the larger international Indigenous movement. Several shared Kanaka ʻŌiwi aspirations important to Mauli Ola are highlighted to include supporting a strong Kanaka ʻŌiwi identity and space, strengthening ‘ohana (family)
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Conference papers on the topic "Self-Strengthening Movement"

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Zhang, Lishan. "A POLITICAL FAILURE MAY HAVE POSITIVE ECONOMIC EFFECTS: THE SELF-STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT." In International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Xiao-Guang Yue, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icemi.02.2018.18.20.

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Tseng, Tzu-Yu, Wei-Chun Hsu, Li-Fong Lin, and Chin-Hsing Kuo. "Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Reconfigurable Gravity-Free Muscle Training Assistive Device for Lower-Limb Paralysis Patients." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46706.

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In lower-limb rehabilitation programs, patients that suffer from neuromuscular disorders with manual muscle test (MMT) level 2 are able to perform voluntary muscle contraction and visible limb movement provided that a therapist assists the patient to eliminate the weight of his/her leg. In addition, the physical therapist is clinically needed to guide the patient performing a hip-only or knee-only motion during rehabilitation. The objective of this paper is to present a new assistive training device that replaces the function of the therapist in helping the MMT-level-2 patients self-training t
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Kruszewski, Artur, and Michal Kruszewski. "The potential hand to hand combat focus on attractiveness, health, education for peace, and personal security." In 16th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2025). AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006482.

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The term ‘hand-to-hand combat’ is commonly used as a broad term encompassing the various forms of martial arts that have evolved over the centuries in different cultures. In general terms, martial arts derive from fundamental life skills, which can be divided into three main categories: healing arts, self-discovery arts and spiritual and meditative practices.One of the key elements of Greek thought was the pursuit of both physical and spiritual perfection. This idea was deeply rooted in education and culture, where harmony of body and mind was considered the foundation of the ideal citizen. Th
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Kruszewski, Artur, Marek Kruszewski, Elena Cherkashina, Ilia Cherkashin, and Liu Siliang. "Interpretation of Chinese hand-to-hand fighting systems and therapeutic exercises from the perspective of the INNOAGON methodology." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005292.

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The traditional Chinese aerobic fitness exercise tai chi, is a form of low to moderate intensity physical activity. Tai chi is a good example of both therapeutic exercise and a form of preparation for gentle hand-to-hand combat (especially as safe self-defence, also from the perspective of a potential aggressor) . In Chinese society, these forms of exercise are the primary means of preventive health, active lifestyle and, in a sense, conventional physiotherapy or even rehabilitation. Many schools of tai chi based on the same theoretical principles of exercise are still emerging in China. There
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Macovei, Raluca-Andreea, and Veronica Popescu. "Interdisciplinary approaches in developping strenght of primary level students." In The International Scientific Congress "Sports. Olimpysm. Health". SOH 2023. 8th Edition. The State University of Physical Education and Sport, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52449/soh23.28.

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Actuality. Today's knowledge society orients the role of the teacher and the subjects of study in a radically changed education system based more on the transformation and formation of the future adult than on the simple transmission of information. The implications of the physical education discipline can be found from the student's school debut, helping him to develop harmoniously on several levels: motor, cognitive, social and emotional. The training and development of key competences take place against the background of interdisciplinarity, transforming physical education lessons into the
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