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Academic literature on the topic 'Seljuk Palaces'
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Journal articles on the topic "Seljuk Palaces"
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Hassan, Dr Sulaf Faiz Ullah. "Attributes of luxury and luxury during the Seljuks in the Abbasid period." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 221, no. 2 (2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v221i2.448.
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The Seljuk appearance on the scene may point a new era in the history of the Arab-Islamic state, as he took on the rule of the State of Great Seljuk six of the sultans of the powerful, who have had impact on the expansion of the Seljuk states, was their era of well-known luxury and extravagance Ages in their palaces inside Baghdad, it is of bright Ages, which began from (429-552h / 1037-1157m) since Tughril to the Sultan Sanjar, which is the last sultan of the Seljuks powerful, which was squeezed from the longest times in this country, with longer duration of his reign nearly sixty years, and speeches to him on the platforms in the Iraqis and the Levant, Diyarbakir and hit the rail in his name and dubbed many titles as dubbed his predecessors, and they boast the titles, palaces, clothes and ornaments of rare and precious jewels, as well as furniture and decorations in their homes are very overpriced
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KAYHAN, Hüseyin. "Persian Poets in Turkish Palaces During the Seljuk Period." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 6 Issue 1, no. 6 (2010): 1477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.1895.
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KARAÇAR, Pelin. "Traces of Biophilic Design in Anatolian Seljuk Architecture: Natural Shapes and Forms." Architecture Image Studies 6, no. 1 (2025): 344–61. https://doi.org/10.62754/ais.v6i1.133.
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According to Aristotle, the primary source of all human actions and works is nature. When Albert Einstein said, "Look deeper into nature, then you will understand everything better," he said a key sentence in architecture, which is the field where the human-nature relationship turns into the most concrete products, as in every field of science. Every architectural structure is a historical indicator of the nature-human relationship. Biophilia is a concept used to describe the innate human tendency and need for a close connection with nature and other life forms. It is a concept that describes man's innate emotional attachment to other living organisms. Incorporating plants, water, and animals into the design of a space is one way to create a biophilic environment. The first fundamental dimension of biophilic design is an organic or natural dimension, defined as the shapes and forms in the built environment that directly, indirectly or symbolically reflect the human sensitivity inherent in nature. The second fundamental dimension of biophilic design is a place-based or local dimension, defined as buildings and landscapes that connect to the culture and ecology of a place or geographic region. The two basic dimensions of biophilic design relate to the six biophilic design elements: Environmental features, Natural shapes and forms, Natural patterns and processes, Light and space, and Space-based relationships. In this study, studies on structures such as mosques, madrasahs, healing houses, tombs, caravanserais, castles and palaces in Seljuk architecture were examined according to the dimension of biophilic design defined as natural shapes and forms in the built environment. Traces of biophilic design have been investigated in interior and exterior facade design, in minaret, mihrab, pulpit, console, arch, iwan, profiles, window arches, vaults and column capitals, as well as in the structural elements of crown doors, niches, windows, wall borders and crown arches. From the qualities of natural shapes and forms; Plant motifs, animal motifs, seashells and spirals, egg oval and cylindrical shapes, arches, vaults, domes, straight and non-right-angled forms were evaluated in terms of traces of biophilic design. It is thought that the research can contribute to today's understanding of biophilic design, and the applications made for this purpose, with the features of Seljuk buildings in terms of biophilic design.
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Zia, Sana, and Safya Noor. "The Evolution of Ottoman Architecture and its Distinct Characteristics." Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture 3, no. 01 (2020): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46896/jicc.v3i01.89.
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Architecture reflects and pinpoints its nation’s progress and mindset. Ottoman Empire, which ruled over three continents, is known for its unique and magnificent architecture represented by grand mosques, seminaries and imperial palaces .The so called Ottoman Architecture was created with in the domain of the Ottoman Empire and is known for its distinct characteristics. This architecture was initially influenced by Seljuk architecture. All Ottoman Sultans had special taste for architecture .Later on, the center was shifted to the capital of the fallen Byzantine Empire, and thus got inspirations from byzantine art .The most well۔known architect of that era was Sinan who revolutionized the art of architecture. He designed almost three hundred buildings distinguished for spacious courtyards surrounded by vast gardens. In the 18th century, Ottoman Sultanate came into contact with Europe, and therefore Baroque influences came to be seen in their architecture. Hence, internal decorations became prominent in the architecture.
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Duggan, T. Mikail P. "The Just Ruler of the Age - Exhibiting Legitimacy for Rule through Visual Representation, as in the Written and Inscribed Record: On the Meanings Conveyed by the Creatures Depicted on 8-Pointed Tiles from Rum Seljuk 13th c. Palaces, Pavilions and Bath-Houses: The Jinn." PHASELIS, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 389–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/pha.18024.
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BAKIRER, Ömür. "Window Glass from the Excavations in the Seljuk Palace at Alanya." ADALYA, no. 23 (November 15, 2020): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47589/adalya.838099.
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Baeva, O. V., and A. Yu Kazaryan. "About one type of oriental residential building in the city of Ani, the medieval capital of Armenia." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel stvo, no. 12 (January 20, 2025): 62–70. https://doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2024-12-62-70.
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The study of architectural planning structure of two houses discovered in Ani during archaeological work in recent decades was undertaken in order to clarify their typological characteristics, architectural features and their place in the history of housing construction in the East. Acquaintance with the publications of archaeologists, the field surveys of objects in Ani undertaken by the authors led to the identification of a complex of stable features in these buildings, which made it possible to identify a range of typological analogies in the 12th–13th palace architecture of Armenians, Georgians, Seljuks of Asia Minor: the palace of Paron in Ani, the palace in Geghuti, built by the Georgian king George III around 1156, the palaces of Kubadabad, built in the first half of the 13th century. In the early Middle Ages, this idea was the basis for urban estates of the 19th–10th centuries in the Semirechye region of the Central Asia, there were still Sogdians. In some forms, in the structure of a four- or two-column covered courtyard, most likely, the embodiment of the central cell of a traditional Armenian residential building was added to the general idea. Two variants of creating such a cell could be presented in the two studied houses of Ani: with four columns in the corners of the central square and a two-column type based on the columns supported of opposing wooden beams. The probable prototypes of the general compositional idea of these houses in the architecture of Parthia and Sasanian Iran have been identified.
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Fethi Ahmet Yüksel. ""FINDING THE WALL FOUNDATIONS OF KONYA ALAADDIN HILL 2nd KILIÇARSLAN PALACE BY USING THE GEORADAR (GPR) METHOD. A REVİEW "." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Physics & Mathematics series, no. 4.2022 (December 15, 2022): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/zpwx6352.
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"Alaaddin Hill, which is located in the city center of Konya, Turkey-Konya Province, has been exposed to intense construction and traffic; It forms the historical core of Konya. Alaaddin Hill is a mound that yields finds from the Bronze Age (450–2000 BC). Tepe is the inner castle settlement of the Anatolian Seljuk State and is one of the important natural and archaeological sites located in the center of Konya City today. The mound contains all the settlement levels from the Bronze Age to the end of the Ottoman Period. As a result of the archaeological excavations carried out in 1941, important findings were revealed in the mound. Alaaddin Hill Natural and Archaeological Site, Alaaddin Mosque-i, II Kılıçarslan Tomb and II Kılıçarslan Mansion symbolize the inner castle of Medieval Konya. The 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion archaeological excavation was carried out with the support of Konya Metropolitan Municipality. As a result of the archaeological excavations on the mound on which the mansion sits, the wall extending in the east-west direction and surrounding the palace ruins was revealed to the west of the mansion. Archeogeophysical studies were carried out in order to fully reveal the wall surrounding the palace ruins, on the east of the 2nd Kılıçarslan Palace on Alaaddin Hill, the state of the western façade of the mansion, the continuation of the inner wall ruins passing in front of the mansion, to the east, and to clarify the integrity of the mansion and the Seljuk palace. Archeogeophysical studies were carried out in order to clarify the integrity of the mansion and the Seljuk palace. With the interpretation of the georadar (GPR) method used in archaeogeophysical studies, the anomalies of the inner city wall remains, which give regular geometric forms, were visualized in two and three dimensions.
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Tekinalp, V. Macit. "Palace churches of the Anatolian Seljuks: tolerance or necessity?" Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 33, no. 2 (2009): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174962509x417645.
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Yuksel, Fethi Ahmet. "Archeogeophysical Studies in Archaeological Heritage Studies: the Case of Konya, Alaeddin Hill." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 126, no. 4 (2022): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-4/2664-0686.34.
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Konya Province, one of the provinces with the largest surface area in Turkey, is located in the Central Anatolia Region, between 37°52' north latitude and 32°30' east longitude. Alaeddin Hill is located in the city center of Konya. The hill surrounding which is a mound has been exposed to intense construction and traffic. This structure, which is not a natural hill and has survived from ancient times, forms the historical core of Konya. Alaeddin Hill Mound; It is an archaeological settlement that yields finds dating back to the Bronze Age (4500-2000 BC). The mound is the inner castle settlement of the Anatolian Seljuk State and is one of the important natural and archaeological sites today. The mound contains all the settlement levels from the past to the present, from the Bronze Age to the end of the Ottoman Period. Important findings were unearthed during the archaeological excavations carried out in 1941 on the Alaeddin Hill Mound. Alaeddin Hill Natural and Archaeological Site, Alaeddin Mosque, Yarım Kümbet (Half Cupola), 2nd Kılıçarslan Tomb and Mansion constitute the inner castle of Medieval Konya. During the Seljuk conquest, the province of Konya was a small city within the walls surrounding the present Alaeddin Hill Mound. The 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion Rescue Excavation was carried out in 2010. As a result of the archaeological excavations, the wall surrounding the ruins of the Palace extending in the east-west direction was unearthed to the west of the mansion. During the archaeological excavations, it was determined that the 2nd Kılıçarslan Mansion was not an independent structure on its own. It forms a unity with the walls extending to the east and west of the Alaeddin Mansion and the walls that cut these walls vertically to the south. Therefore, it suggests that this building complex is the remains of the Seljuk Palace. According to new findings and information found during archaeological excavations, Alaeddin Hill was built during the reign of Alaeddin II. Archaeological and geophysical studies have begun to fully uncover the wall surrounding the ruins of the palace located to the east of the Kilicharslan pavilion, the condition of the western facade of the pavilion, so that one can see the continuation of the remains of the inner fortress wall that runs east in front of the pavilion, to explain the integrity of the pavilion and the Seljuk Palace. With the integrated interpretation of magnetic (M) and geoelectric (ERT) methods from archaeogeophysical studies, anomalies belonging to the inner city wall remains, giving regular geometric forms, were visualized in two and three dimensions.
Books on the topic "Seljuk Palaces"
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Paul, Beach Timothy, and Luzzadder-Beach Sheryl, eds. Landscape and the state in Medieval Anatolia: Seljuk gardens and pavilions of Alanya, Turkey. Archaeopress, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Seljuk Palaces"
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ÇEKEN, Muharrem. "KUBADABAD SARAYI KAZISI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch03.
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This important Seljuk palace ruin is located within the boundaries of the Gölyaka neighborhood, Beyşehir district of Konya province on the west coast of Lake Beyşehir. As far as we know, the Kubadabad Palace complex, with its layout, structure, architectural decoration, infrastructural facilities and other small finds, is the only Seljuk palace that has survived to this day in the area that included Iran, Iraq, Syria and Anatolia, where the Seljuks were predominant. In addition to the twentytwo ruins of buildings identified so far, which include the Büyük Saray and the Küçük Saray, Kubadabad is also a city that extends to the southwest and its ruins are still waiting to be illuminated underground. According to the Seljuknâme of Ibn Bibi, the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I ordered a palace to be built in this region, which he visited and liked very much, and the structure was designed and completed by the Emir-i Şikâr and architect Sadeddin Köpek. Archaeological data on the use of the palace after the Seljuk period do not provide any results for the period after the 14th century. In the process that started with the discovery of the ruins of Kubadabad Palace Complex by the director of Konya Museum, Zeki Oral, with the help of Seljuknâme of Ibn Bibi in 1949, the first scientific excavations were carried out by Prof. Dr. K. Otto-Dorn and Mehmet Önder in 1965 and 1966. During these studies, a topographical plan of the site was made for the first time and the existing ruins were marked on it. Some of the in situ tiles and stucco decorations discovered during the excavations, as well as pottery and glass finds, were presented to the scientific community. The excavations of the second period in Kubadabad were directed by Prof. Dr. Rüchan Arık from 1980 to 2016. The first excavations of the palace complex were carried out on Kız Kalesi Island, which is a part of the complex. Prof. Dr. Rüçhan Arık focused on the excavations and restorations in the palace complex after 1986. Due to the density of the building group on the ground, excavations continued around the Büyük Saray and the Küçük Saray and were extended to the south and west of the Kulliye in the following years. Numerous remains of the complex were discovered during these studies, some of which were on the surface and others completely underground. Since 2017, the excavations have been carried out by a team led by Assoc. Prof. Muharrem Ceken. The excavations continued towards the north, especially along the western boundary of the complex, and a large rectangular building (Structure No. 10) adjacent to the western wall was fully exposed at the base level. In addition, during the excavation of the ruins in the southwest of the complex, a hunting lodge (Şikarhane), also known as building No. 15, was uncovered and its restitution was completed. At Kubadabad, where excavations began in 1965 and systematic archeological studies have been conducted since 1980, important data on the life and architecture of Seljuk palaces have been obtained and numerous artifacts have been discovered. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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"CHAPTER 1 The Kiliç Arslan II Palace Kiosk in Konya." In Rum Seljuq Architecture, 1170-1220. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474417488-006.
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NAZA DÖNMEZ, E. Emine. "AMASYA HARŞENA KALESİ VE KIZLAR SARAYI KAZI ÇALIŞMALARI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch22.
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The architecture of the fortress that first emerged in the Hellenistic Period was determined by the topography just as the city of Amasya. The fortress was built on Mount Harşena whose high slopes in the north drop steeply down towards the Yeşilırmak River. The fortification walls of the fortress were confined in the south by the riverbed that runs east-west to the foot of the mountain. The walls extend from the south upwards over the rocks in a northerly direction until they reach Harşena Fortress (Yukarı Kale, Upper Fortress). The Hellenistic Period fortification walls begin in front of the rock-cut Tombs of the Pontic Kings in the district known as “Kızlar Sarayı” (Maidens’ Palace). The walls along the river date to the Roman Period. The fortress, which consists of three main sections, has been used by many civilizations and has from the start been subject to reconstructions and additions. From the top downwards comes first the Upper Fortress called Harşena Fortress, below that and in front of the rock-cut Tombs of the Pontic Kings is the castle-terrace called Kızlar Sarayı (Maidens’ Palace), and the Aşağı Saray (Lower Palace) is in today’s Hatuniye District. Excavations are supported by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, Istanbul University Scientific Research Projects Department and the Turkish Historical Society. In the systematic excavations of the Harşena Castle Maidens’ Palace, which have been carried out since 2009, important results have been reached when both the architecture and the finds are evaluated. The finds unearthed in this area, which we define as the kitchen of the palace, where the outbuildings belonging to the Ottoman Palace, whose existence is known in the Maidens’ Palace, also supported our opinion. In addition, it has been observed that it corresponds with the descriptions of the palace in historical sources and travel books. Other important discoveries are the Seljuk Mansion located in the upper castle and the Yıldırım Mosque belonging to the Ottoman period. Again, the first data about these structures mentioned in historical sources and travel books were revealed in our studies. It is seen that there is a social complex in the place we define as the soup kitchen, which consists of a mosque, mansion and storage areas surrounded by a well organized street texture. The Seljuk Mansion probably continued its function as a zawiyah structure in the later periods. As a result, the excavations carried out brought important data to light and contributed to the history of Amasya and especially Amasya in the Turkish Period. It also provided a source for the excavations that are planned to continue in the coming years. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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ERDAL, Zekai. "HASANKEYF KAZILARI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch16.
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Hasankeyf is a historical settlement area 37 km from Batman city center. Because of thousands of houses formed by carving rocks, it is called “Haskefo” or “Hısn-ı Keyfa” in Syriac and Arabic meaning “City of Caves” or “Rocks City”. The names of “Cepha” (Kefa) and “Hısn-ı Keyfa” in the historical sources have turned into “Hasankeyf” in the last period of the Ottomans. The early middle ages, were conquered in 640 at the time of the second Caliph Umar. During the Islamic period, Hasankeyf was under the administration of the Umayyads, Abbasids, Hamdanis and Mervans, respectively. Sökmen, the son of Artuq, who was the commander of Seljuki Sultan Alparslan, established a state called “Hısn-ı Keyfa Artuqids” in 1101. Hasankeyf became the capital of the “Hısn-ı Keyfa” and “Amida” (Diyarbakır) principals of the Artuqids for 130 years. In 1232, the ruler of the Ayyubids al-Meliku’l Kâmil conquered the city and put an end to the dominance of the Artuqids. With the looting and destruction of the Mongolian invasion in 1260, Hasankeyf was greatly damaged irreversibly. After the Mongolian invasion, the Ayyubids continued their existence as depending on them. Having been under Akkoyunlu rule for a short time (1461-1482), the ruling of Hasankeyf, captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Hasankeyf was ruled as a township and sanjak center connected to Diyarbakır Government (Beylerbeyi) in the Ottoman state system. In the sources, Hasankeyf is a wealthy city of 1,700 dwellings, of which 9500 inhabitants lived in the late 16th century. Cave-type houses carved by humans takes the first place, and these structures which make Hasankeyf famous are believed to be up to 4500. These first settlements were carved into rock masses at an average height of 135 meters starting from the edge of the Tigris River. This section, which is called as “Upper City” and “Kalebaşı”, has been transformed into Citadel with its fortified walls and splendid doors suitable for its natural structure in the periods of Artuqids and Ayyubids. It was reorganized and settled in the Ottoman period and used until 1970’s. The first entrance gate and the main palace of the Great Palace are from the Roman era. The monuments of the Artuqid State, which brought the second identity to the city, are also in ruins. Dicle-Hasankeyf Bridge which is the largest and widest archway bridge in the Middle Ages, the two madrasas in the group of constructions called, “Zeynel Bey Social Complex” which was discovered by the excavations of 2004-2005, some parts of the Great Palace, water systems extending to the pavilions in the Salahiye Gardens and to the castle. Hasankeyf’s recent view has been formed by the monuments belonging to the Ayyubid period. Sultan Süleyman Mosque (1407), Er- Rızk Mosque (1409), Kızlar (Eyyubi) Mosque, Yamaç Complex, Small Palace, part of the Grand Palace, three castle gates and Imam Abdullah Tomb and Zawiyah are among these monuments. The tomb made for Zeynel Bey (1473?), the son of Akkoyunlu Uzun Hasan, is the only example of its kind in Anatolia and it is the symbol of Hasankeyf. Koç Mosque and mosque with brick minaret in the Mardinike Social Complex indicate the Great Seljuk architecture. During the Ottoman period, a madrasa and a caravanserai were added to the Zeynel Bey Social Complex, the foundation structures that had been built before were restored and a bazaar and covered bazaar were constructed with a mosque in the Lower City. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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Avaner, Tekin, and Cenay Babaoglu. "Public Administration Education in Turkey." In Public Affairs Education and Training in the 21st Century. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8243-5.ch005.
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There were public administration schools in Turkish administrative history. For example, in Seljuks Empire times, this school was called Nizamiye Madrasah, and administrators were trained there. Another example is the professional executive class in the Ottoman Empire, and they were educated in Enderun, a unique public administration school in Sultan's Palace. In the 19th century, Turkish public administration was influenced by the Western model, and Mekteb-i Mülkiye was established in 1859. The school moved to Ankara in 1935 and was named Faculty of Political Sciences. In 1952, the Public Administration Institute of Turkey and the Middle East and the first public administration department were established with the support of the USA. Within this framework, the chapter first summarizes the historical development of public administration education in Turkey, together with institutional development. Therefore, these institutions' historical roles were examined, and the interaction between the US scholars and universities was also searched.
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ERAVŞAR, Osman. "ALANYA KALESİ ÜÇÜNCÜ DÖNEM KAZI ÇALIŞMALARI (2013-2022)." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch15.
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The excavations of Alanya castle started in 1985 in the form of surface surveys and then continued until 2008 in the form of authorised excavations. The second period of excavations took place between 2011 and 2012. Since 2013, the third period excavations have started and are still continuing. In this article, a brief evaluation of the third period excavations between 2013-2022 will be presented. The third period of excavations of Alanya Castle was carried out in the Shipyard Area, Inner Castle Palace, Inner Castle Church, Inner Castle Bath, Ehmedek Area, the section south of the city walls, the Arasta area and different sectors in the Tophane Quarter. In the shipyard area, excavation works were initiated in order to make the spaces in this area identifiable and understandable by increasing their visibility. During the excavations, the focus was especially on the spaces behind the first fortification wall on the seashore. It was found out that the three adjacent spaces opened towards the sea with an opening in front of each other and there were no openings facing in other directions. In addition, underwater documentation studies were also carried out in the shipyard area. In this context, an underwater structure with a rectangular plan, built of large block stones was identified between the Red Tower and the shipyard. Apart from these, other findings were made in this area for the city walls. Although the works in the palace in the inner castle were investigated in almost every period of the excavation of Alanya Castle, it is difficult to identify them since they were not properly reported. In the space to the east of the throne iwan of the palace, a plan element was found that spirals on the rock surface, forming a ramp and connecting to the cistern next to the iwan with a slope. Another excavation area in the palace was carried out in the rectangular space to the west of the palace. An expedition of the first period team carried out an excavation in the chapel located in the east of the citadel just at the entrance of the castle gate and it was revealed that the building had two different stages. Due to the disappearance of the graves around the chapel, traces of the first phase of the church were sought in the excavation of this area. The Inner Castle Bath, after passing through the opening on the south side of the city wall, there is a moulded wall that surrounds the area starting from the face of the portico feet facing the inner castle in the east and forms a mitered projection towards the inner castle when it turns towards the west. The tracing of the remains within the area enclosed by the wall revealed the existence of a bathhouse. Another part of the excavation consists of the Ehmedek area. The excavations carried out in the Triangular Bastion in the Ehmedek area revealed that the early bastion had two different phases and that the present triangular bastion was built on the ruins after the destruction of the bastion in the first phase. Many objects from the Seljuk and Ottoman Periods were unearthed during the excavations. Another excavation area of the city was the Arasta region. Arasta, which was apparently built in the 16th century during the Ottoman period, was destroyed by an earthquake a century later and turned into a cemetery. As a result of the excavation, the plan of Arasta was understood and its spaces were identified. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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KARASU, Yunus Emre, and Mikail ERCEK. "BİTLİS KALESİ KAZISI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch18.
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The excavations of Bitlis Castle were first started by Prof. Dr. Kadir Pektaş in 2004, and the excavations continued until 2010. As of 2010, the excavations continued until 2015 under the direction of Prof. Dr. Gülsen Baş. After 2015, excavation works were stopped. In 2018, it was continued until 2021 under the scientific consultancy of Assoc. Dr. Korkmaz Şen. As of 2022, Bitlis Castle Excavations continue under the presidency of Ahlat Museum Directorate and under the scientific consultancy of Ass. Prof. Yunus Emre Karasu, who works at Bitlis Eren University. The most important information about Bitlis Castle is in a miniature depicted during the Irakeyn Campaign of Matrakçı Nasuh, and in the travel book of Evliya Çelebi. In particular, Evliya Çelebi’s travel book contains comprehensive information about the Bitlis Castle. Bitlis Castle, which is located on a steep rocky area and dominates its surroundings, consists of an inner castle and an outer castle. In the current excavations of Bitlis Castle, the palace, Sinan Bey Hammam (Turkish bath), cellar, dungeon, cistern, school(?), as well as observation and guard places and residential structures were identified. In addition, it is predicted that there may be places used as a prayer room and market place in the castle. The excavations of Bitlis Castle, five different cultural layers have been identified. These layers belong to the Late Ottoman (17th century-20th century), Classical Ottoman (16th century), Beyliks Period (14-15th centuries), Anatolian Seljuk Period (13th century), Byzantine Period (11th century). It is seen that commercial activities continued intensively between the 15th and 18th centuries. Although there are limited data, it is estimated that Bitlis Castle maintained its importance between the 12th and 14th centuries. Another important issue, which was uncovered during the Bitlis Castle excavations and reveals the importance of the region in the archaeological excavations of the Turkish Period in Anatolia, is its cultural relationship with the Safavids, as can be understood from the political past. its geopolitical location, we think that revealing the interaction of Bitlis Castle with Iran geography will make a great contribution to Anatolian archeology. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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YAZAR, Turgay, and Şuayip ÇELEMOĞLU. "NİKSAR KALESİ KAZISI." In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch30.
Full textAbstract:
Niksar Castle has an important strategic value with its location in the northern part of the Kelkit Valley, where the main road routes connecting Eastern and Central Anatolia to the Black Sea Region pass through. According to ancient sources, the castle existed in the Pontic Period. The castle, which continued to exist during the Roman and Byzantine periods, was conquered by Danishmend Gazi after the Malazgirt War and became the first center of the Danishmendians. Niksar, which was also used as a military base during the conquest of the Black Sea cities during the Danishmendli and Seljuk periods, has maintained its importance during the Ottoman Period. The first surface survey at Niksar Castle was conducted by Tuncer Baykara in 1983. Systematic excavations in the castle started in 2021 under the chairmanship of Tokat Museum Directorate and the coordination of Turgay Yazar. It was planned to start the excavation works on the third terrace, which constitutes the highest point of the Inner Castle, taking into account such issues as topographical features and the transportation of the earthwork soil, and to expand it to the west in the following years. Within the framework of this plan, the first works started in 2021 on the western side of the city walls that limit the third terrace from the east. Among the findings unearthed during the excavations, ruins of a building that was likely a palace and a cistern were unearthed in this area. The 2022 excavations were carried out in the Fetih Mosque, located west of the eastern walls of the Inner Castle. During the studies in 2022, two vaulted spaces, walls from different periods and the lower floor of the mosque were identified. During the excavations carried out in Niksar Citadel in 2021 and 2022, finds made of different materials such as terracotta, metal, glass and stone, which constitute a wide range from the Hellenistic Period to the end of the Ottoman Period, were unearthed. The excavations carried out at Niksar Castle are important for understanding the rich history of the region, protecting our cultural heritage and transferring it to future generations, and the excavations made offer an important contribution to Medieval archaeological research in Anatolia. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text