Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Selon (le mot français)'
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Schrepfer-André, Géraldine. "La portée phrastique et textuelle des expressions introductrices de cadres énonciatifs : les syntagmes prépositionnels en selon X." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030023.
Full textThe PPcomplement selon X (according to X) indicating that an item of information is borrowed from a specific source (enunciative selon X) is able, under certain conditions, to introduce "discourse frames". These frames can extend their scope over several incoming sentences, unless some linguistic or typographical clues indicate their closure. In this study, we show that enunciative selon X are a sub-class of mediative (evidential) selon, and compare them not only with other uses of selon, but also with other adverbials such as d'après X, pour X and with verbal constructions of reported speech. We then describe the situations in which enunciative selon X integrate several sentences in their frame, and we review the clues most commonly involved in the closure of these frames. The study is based on the systematic analysis of an annotated corpus of excerpts from Le Monde diplomatique and quantitative indications on the different usages of selon X are taken into account. The results are formulated in a way which enables the implementation of rules in Natural Language Processing Systems
Coltier, Danielle. "Analyse sémantique de "selon" : quelques propositions." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21046.
Full textBenzitoun, Christophe. "Description morphosyntaxique du mot "quand" en français contemporain." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931845.
Full textChénier, Marie Jeanne Claire. "Implication parentale pour l'apprentissage du français selon La méthode Claire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32910.pdf.
Full textTurcsán, Gábor. "Le mot phonologique en français du Midi : domaines, contraintes, opacité." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20045.
Full textThis dissertation deals with theoretical problems concerning the phonological definition of the word. It is argued that any non-contradictory (transparent) treatment must take into account the opaque character of the word in surface strings and has to split the constraint set into two disjunct subsets : lexical and postlexical. A phonologized view of lexical domains is shown to be necessary to deal with opacity inside the lexicon. The discussion is couched in the framework of Head-driven Phonology (van der Hulst & Ritter 1999), a principles and parameters approach. Several types of opaque phonological phenomena are analysed from the point of view of the lexical - postlexical dividee, including various segment-zero alternations and the behaviour of so called " ambisyllabic " consonants. Fragments of the lexical phonology of Midi French are given a dependency treatment. Data mainly come frome Southern French dialects collected in the PFC project (Durand & Lyche 2003) and English
Bilbaut, Faillant Frédérique. "Les citoyennetés du droit français : un même mot pour plusieurs statuts." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010253.
Full textStroumza, Kim. "Temporalité de l'énonciation et cristallisation discursive : analyse sémantique de quelques différences entre "quand" et "lorsque"." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0019.
Full textRobieux, Camille. "Effort phonatoire et effort articulatoire selon le voisement des consonnes orales du français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0443.
Full textAn intense or prolonged phonatory effort can induce vocal fold lesions and dysphonia. The effort corresponds to the perception, by an individual, of the exertion to perform an activity, here the phonation aiming to create a periodic vibration the vocal folds in order to produce the voice during speech. Therefore, the evaluation of phonatory effort must rely, at least, on two measures, one perceptive and another physical. To develop such measures, it is necessary to dissociate phonatory effort from dysphonia, on the one hand, and from articulatory effort, on the other hand. We have conducted experiments in a large number of healthy subjects, by varying the phonatory effort. We compared voiced and voiceless consonants, as well as usual and unusual modal vocal speech, the last one differing in intensity, pitch, and voice quality. We tested a self-perception measurement in pair comparisons of syllables: the rate of difficulty felt during the production of the voiced consonants, compared to voiceless ones. The average score was 22 out of 36, or 61 percents. We also adapted an acoustic measure of phonatory effort: the relative fundamental frequency (RFFa). The values of RFFa, especially at the initiation of post-consonantal vowels, were lower, indicating a greater effort, for the voiced consonants than for the voiceless ones, and for the loud-high-pressed voice than for the usual voice. These values were consistent with the aerodynamic measurements we made. We also applied the two developed measures to patients and we presented their cases
Cornillac, Guy. "La systématique de construction du mot en français : prolégomènes à une typologie du langage avec application au mot Esquimau." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040023.
Full textThe study assumes that a typology of language should not be based on the particular characteristics of words in sentences, but rather on the structure and the functioning of the mechanisms, hidden in one's mind, which allow the emergence of the words. The author first tries to construct a theoretical model of the mechanisms responsible for the production of woods in French. His analysis, which concerns simple as well as complex words made up of different lexical constituents, reveals that the mental construction of the words in this language is ensured by a limited number of specific operators, and that it is realized instantaneously according to an order which is the opposite of the order of emergence of the words spoken. The same analysis, applied to the eskimo language, reveals that this systematical organization is not universal. The construction of the eskimo words relies indeed on a mechanical structure which is not as highly specialized as it is in French and which requires therefore more time to operate than it does in our language. Through his demonstration the author tries to point out a certain number of possible differences in the functioning of the human language
Grinshpun, Yana. "Entre langue(s), discours et graphies, une identité problématique : ô." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030133.
Full textThis thesis analyses the graphic form O/ô in French, used especially before noun phrases (“O woman!” “O terrible event!”. . . ). Its linguistic identity is problematic for several reasons: a) the fact that this form expresses heterogeneous linguistic functionings makes its frontier with the interjection oh uncertain. B) until today it has not been assigned to any grammatical category. C) Its Greek and Latin roots imply a linguistic memory and, for the speakers, a “hybrid competence”, d) It is tightly dependent on the publishers' and language specialists' intervention. The first part of the thesis, investigates the history of this form and its relationships with grammar from ancient Greek to contemporary French. The second part offers a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic description of the sequences [O+NP] in French. The functioning of this type of sequence is different from that of the interjection. The third part analyses the use of O, when followed by a noun phrase in a wide range of XVIIth century texts, belonging to various genres
Saa, Ngouana Ange Yannick. "Évolution du risque et droit des assurances : étude selon les droits français et CIMA." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010268.
Full textThe legal treatment of the evolution of the risk tends to alleviate the imbalance arisen from the influence of time on the insurance contract. Rules related to party’s relationship try in priority to address this issue by looking for the restoration of a balance in the insurance contract. This balance is restored automatically when the evolution reaches the base or the value of the risk. The premium and the allowance are directly adjusted in relation to the risk. When the evolution, upward or downward, affects the scale of the risk, that is the probability or intensity of its occurrence, the adaptation of the contract will be negotiated. It is from the attitude of the parties that depends the issue of the negotiations. The contract which cannot be adapted is destroyed in order to contain the misdeeds of the evolution of the risk. That is the reason why its cancellation sanctioned the bad faith of the insured on the occasion of the worsening of the risk. This is because the coverage of the aggravated risk without adaptation of the conditions of the warranty puts in danger the balance of the mutuality. On the other hand, the sunsetting appears to be the only solution to the contract in case of total disappearance of the risk. The insurer not assuming anymore its obligations, this results on the refund prorata temporis of the advanced premium.The breach of contract is not always offered to the parties. Variations proceeding of the legal uncertainty and specific risks in the insurance of persons do not lend parties to the questioning of their relationship. The unsuitability of the contract is therefore absolute. It becomes relative when, in the case of insurance of damages, the insurer loses, subsequently to the evolution of risk, his right to invoke its legal prerogatives, although the contract could have normally been adapted. Giving that contractual impossibility to control the consequences of the evolution of the risk, it is necessary to reach the balance of the insurance technique of mutualizing, both in the interest of insurer and that of mutuality. Insurance company Law allows the insurer to meet its commitments when the risk evolves. The provisioning of all risk variations and the respect of the solvency requirements ensure, in any circumstance, the availability of sufficient funds to ensure its commitments towards policyholders. For mutual insurance companies, the adjustment of premium constitutes, in addition, a major asset to balance, at the end of a year, the contributions of their members on the basis of the charge of disaster
Baudinet-Benoit, Michèle. "Les "Epîtres et Evangiles de tout l'an selon l'usage de Paris" dans la traduction de Jean de Vignay." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN21028.
Full textIn the beginning of the XIVth century, Jeanne de Bourgogne, wife of Philippe de Valois then King of France, commissioned an anthropology of religious manuscripts for her own personal use. This anthology was set out following the liturgical order of the missal then in use in Paris. This approach was original for several reasons : the work is not listed in any of the catalogues for the period and its intended use was novel. Moreover, the language chosen by the Queen, french, demonstrated a desire to contribute to the latent movement which turned a language of the people into a language of culture. To achieve this, she engaged the services of Jean de Vignay, one of the most famous translators of his time. It is for these reasons that I have chosen to present this work, an edition of the "Epistles and gospels for the whole year, as translated by Jean de Vignay". This edition, bound in 155 folios, contains the most faithful possible transcription of 231 epistles and 177 gospels. The work has been supplemented by numerous critical notes seeking to clarify the work of the translator. As is customary, I have added an index of toponyms, an index of anthroponyms, and a glossary. Furthermore, my own detailed study of the manuscript (kept by the department of manuscripts of the Bibliothèque Nationale under the reference : nouv. Acq. Fr. 4508 (XIVe) is included here in the hope that it may serve as a useful source for specialists wether they be linguists or art historians
Kim-Gautier, Miran. "Constructions de "ça" générique : syntaxe et sémantique." Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/KIM-GAUTIER_Miran_2007.pdf.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to approach the problems which raise the construction of generic ça and to show its particularity with supporting the demonstrative pronoun ça. In the first part, we will show the status of ça as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun. More exactly, a great variety of deictic and anaphoric aspects of this pronoun, having specified the meaning of the demonstrative ça. We study also (left or right) dislocation, topicalisation, and connotation. The second part approaches the relations between the NPs and ça. After looking the classical generic articles les, le and un as well as their combinative possibility with ça, we enlarge the application's domain of ça to other partitive quantifiers -des, du, certains, plusieurs, quelques, beaucoup de, to numerals and even to the demonstrative adjectifs. Finally, we compare the construction of generic ça with other construction : il y a. . . Qui et c'est. . . Qui
Pham, Thi Dung. "Étude comparative du mot et du groupe nominal en français et en vietnamien." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2531.
Full textJung, Kyunghee. "Etude syntaxique de la proposition pour." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131019.
Full textThis thesis aims to describe the french preposition pour, which will be considered as a lexico-grammatical item. Following the principle of the largest number of arguments, the study examines the proposition at the level of sentence structure. A category of uses is first examined in which the phrase introduced by pour is complement to an operator (either a verb, a noun or an adjective), and it is shown thaht the preposition plays the part of an argument indicator. The concept "objet classes" is used to illustrate the semantic nature of the operators. The second part deals with adverbial phrases introduced by pour. The role of classifying nominale of modality is emphasized. Whenever such a nominal is not present in the surface structure, the deletion hypothesis has been prefered to postulation a predicative us of the preposition. The last part examines the structures of those set phrases which are formed with the preposition pour
Kim, Sun-Min. "Expression spatiales d'intériorité en coréen : une contribution à leur traduction en français." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0036.
Full textThis study aims at showing the semantic differences between "AN" and "SOK" in Korean through a semantico-referential analysis. It comprises three parts in view of facilitating translation into French. In the first section, we situate these two terms in the category Part-Nouns, and then in that of relational spatial markers. The second et the third part examine the semantics of "AN" and "SOK" respectively. "AN" is characterized by two features [+limit] and [+portion of space delimited] ; these features confer to "AN" a global vision and a static character. "SOK" possesses the same two and four additional features : [+difficulty of access due to obstacle], [+opposition between two spaces], [+observer], [+direction]. The dynamism of "SOK" and its vision, partial as well as sequential, is the result of the combined action of its six features. As an antonym of both "AN" and "SOK", "BAKK" is characterized by two features : [+limit] and [+portion of space partially delimited], but the use of "BAKK" always suppose, the implication of an interior space. The tri-axial system on which rely the orientational terms functions as a negative criterion for the recognition of "AN" and of "SOK" ; it competes with the features of theses markers
Skog, Nielsen Marina. "Etude comparative des expressions figées et figurées contenant le mot "coup" en français et leurs interprétations et équivalents en suédois : questions de traduction." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030191.
Full textDhiabi, Tijani. "Polysémie et polyfonctionnalité du mot "si" : propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques en français préclassique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2001/document.
Full textThis thesis is a part of researches that deals with linguistic change has two main objectives. Firstly, to elaborate a full description of all the usages of the French word “si” (if) in pre-classical French. Secondly, to indicate the forms its uses in the pre-classical era, which is no longer used where they give way to other forms and other usages in French modern language. The first part deals with the history of the term “si” (if), dating from the pre-classic era to our contemporary age, however the second and the third examines the adverbial and conjunctional uses of this word as it appears in the pre-classical language. This study, which relies on examples taken from old literary works written during the beginning, the middle and the end of this era from 1550 to 1650, is on line with the theorists of Discourse analysis approaches whose postulates make it possible to account for the different types of syntactic, semantic, enunciative and pragmatic analysis. Then, the pre-classic “si” (if), if he shares common properties with its modern usage, there it is worth noting that no use of the pre-classical language corresponds perfectly to its current language. Furthermore, the modern “si” (if) is closer in its usage to modern than the medieval one. Despite this divergence, the pre-classical uses of the word “si” (if) tend to deviate from its uses of the medieval period and move progressively towards the system of the language of today
Wilkinson, Jane. "L'anxiété langagière chez les locuteurs d'anglais de niveau universitaire selon le programme d'apprentissage du français langue seconde préalablement suivi." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22440.
Full textMirsamiie, Reza. "Valeur distinctive des prépositions de et à devant l'infinitif (Discours politique)." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030068.
Full textThe study of the syntactic status of "de" before the infinitive shows that a purely syntactic study is not sufficient to account for its conditions of use. Such a study must be followed by a study of the act of uttering. In this approach, one notices that, whenever the infinitive is preceded by "de", the project is preconstructed: the role of "de" is to delimit the project expressed by the infinitive in the notional field. When "de" is a preposition, the construction precedes the utternce; when "de" is not a preposition, the construction is made during the uttering process. The study of the phrases in "a + infinitive" and their comparison with those in "de + infinitive" shows that the infinitive preceded by "a" represents the notion; the role of the element "a" is to mark the project aimed at by the agent and or the utterer
Carpin, Gervais. "Histoire d'un mot : l'ethnonyme "Canadien" de 1535 à 1691." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24047.
Full textBalmont, Michel. "Sémiotique du mot de passe : un exemple, les rituels maçonniques français entre 1725 et 1830." Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20009.
Full textTo use a password is not only an exchange of words. In fact it is a complex ritual, mixing words and gestures. It must be considered as a text which can be understood through a semiotic analysis. This ritual has a triple function. Of course it is meant to check the qualification of the one who wants to enter, but also to integrate him, as he is standing in the doorway, into the community. At last, the ritual states the rules of communication in the group
Guirao, Jean-Marc. "Théorie analytique de la pensée selon Paul Valéry." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU1001.
Full textA WHOLE PROCESS OF THOUGHT ENSUED FROM A STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLE WHICH TOOK THE FORM A WAGER: REGARDING VERBAL AS VERBAL, IMAGES AS IMAGES AND IDEAS AS IDEAS. ITS PARTICULARITY WAS TO ASSOCIATE MENTAL SPECIES TO THEIR GROUPS OF SUBSTITUTIONS, TO FORMALIZE THE VALUE OF EACH SPECIES IN THE CONSCIENCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THE OTHERS, IN ORDER TO GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE IMMANENCE OF THE MECHANISMS AND OPERATIONS OF THE MIND FREED FROM ALL CONSTRAINTS. THIS PROFESSION OF FAITH BECAME PAUL VALEY'S CREDO, TO SUCH PROPORTIONS THAT HE THOUGHT IT COULD ATTEST THE ABSURDITY OF HIS AMBITION WHICH WOULD HAVE CONSISTED IN BRINGING TO COMPLETION WHAT HE REFERRED TO AS THE ANALYTIC THEORIE OF THOUGHT THIS VENTURE COULDN'T BE BROUGHT TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION, FOR LACK OF TIME, AND THE THEORY COULDN'T TAKE SHAPE. THE SUBJECT OF THE RESEARCH WAS AN ATTEMP TO THEORIZE ALL THE PSYCHIC FUNCTIONS, ALL THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS TO THE FUNCTIONINGS OF THOUGHT THE LEGACY WHICH HE LEFT HAPPENS TO BE SCATTERED IN HIS NOTEBOOKS. THE WEB WAS THERE TO BE UNRAVELLED. THE LEADING STRAND : TO CONSIDER AND TO KEEP ONLY THE QUESTIONS WHICH RELATE TO THE OBSERVABLE FUNCTIONING OF THOUGHT IN ORDER TO FIND THE CONDITIONS, THE RELATIONS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OR IMPOSSIBILITIES OF WHAT HE REFERS TO AS THE TOTAL PHENOMENAN AND WHICH PROVES TO BE THE WHOLE OF CONSCIENCE IN FACT, FINDING THE LAWS OF THE GLOBAL REPRESENTATION OF THIS MIXTURE OF STATISTICAL AND FUNCTIONAL WHICH SEEMS TO BE THE PREROGATIVE OF PSYCHIC LIFE, GAVE ITS ORIENTATION TO THE VALERYAN research WHICH THIS THESIS HAS TRIED TO PUT INTO SHAPE AND CONCEPTUALIZE
Bouchard-Gervais, Stéphanie, and Stéphanie Bouchard-Gervais. "Le développement de l'aisance perçue à l'oral chez des apprenants du français langue seconde participant à une formation développée selon une approche par tâches." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37661.
Full textDans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous avons étudié si la participation à une formation de 32h conçue selon une approche par tâches permet le développement de l’aisance à l’oral chez des apprenants du français langue seconde de niveaux variés en contexte de séjour à l’étranger. La passation d’une tâche de narration orale à partir d’une histoire imagée avant, pendant et après la formation nous a permis de mesurer le développement de l’aisance à l’oral des participants. Des juges naïfs, membres de la communauté d’accueil, ont évalué l’aisance perçue à l’oral globale, ainsi que l’utilisation des pauses, le débit de parole et l’utilisation des reformulations. Cette étude développée selon un devis de type time-series design nous a permis non seulement d’en connaître davantage sur les trajectoires individuelles quant au développement de l’aisance perçue à l’oral.
Yun, Hee-Seon. "Analyse contrastive des expressions de "moyen" en français et en coréen : élaboration d'une catégorie métalinguistique "moyen"." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0077.
Full textThe aim of this study is to establish a metalinguistic category "moyen" which can be used as an interface between descriptions of the instrumental relation in french and korean. This study is motivated by the vagueness of the descriptive tools: "moyen" in french and "sudan" in korean, which are currently used in dictionaries, grammar books, linguistic studies. In order to define these descriptive tools clearly, we first considered the normal form of utterance on which the interpretation "moyen" is based. The form concerns : "nucleus-sentence + relation ,ominal marker-N". Secondly, we set up a small number of reproducible paraphrases which permit us to discover the parameters for distinguishing the interpretation "moyen" from its other interpretations. From a contrasting point of view, we made a point of defining the metalinguistic category "moyen" by the syntactic and semantic properties, which bring out the points that expressions of the instrumental relation in french and korean have in common and those where they differ. In this way, we defined a metalinguistic category "moyen" in french and korean : in some cases, this is determined by a generalizing semantical principle; in others, by local parameters linked to semantical configurations specific to each language
Betote, Doumbe Akwa Martin Robert. "Identité lexicale et régulation de la variation sémantique : identité et variation du mot raison." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100025.
Full textMathieu, Cécile. "Analyse des fondements théoriques d'une grammaire de la langue française selon Damourette et Pichon." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H112.
Full textThis paper is aimed at analysing the theoretical foundations developed in Jacques Damourette and Edouard Pichon's work (From words to thoughts. Essay on French Language Grammar). As the challenge of this essay was to demonstrate the unconscious taxiematic system of French thought through a grammatical analysis of the French language we have chosen to analyse the underlying premise of this proposal. Our body of writings is comprised of the authors' lives, their various publications, and past and present linguistic theories at the time of this essay. Taking into account the fact that the conceptual field of EGLF is a real theory of general linguistics we have focused on innovative perspectives such as the grammatical genre (sexuisemblance), the negative (discordance and forclusiori) as well as the sensitive issue of the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign, which, according to us, reveal a new approach, from a psychical point of view, of so-called language thought. We have tried to demonstrate that the link between grammar and psychoanalysis broke new ground and contributed to classifying EGLF with linguistics as it is essentially a part of the humanities
Rémi-Giraud, Sylvianne. "Etude semantique du mot air : xvii et xx siecles." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0006.
Full textFath, Nour-Eddine. "Vers une homogénéisation en termes de données, justification et prétention, des propriétés argumentativo-illocutoires assciées au connecteur donc." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1021.
Full textAnger, Violaine. "Musique et langage : contribution à une poétique du mot chanté en français de Rousseau à Mallarmé." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081465.
Full textIn the xixth century, music and language have a cross history : rousseau and mallarme, meyerbeer and debussy can be considered as departure and terminus, theoretically as well as in the artistic realizations
Mari, Alda. "Polysémie et décidabilité : le cas de avec ou l'association par les canaux." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0098.
Full textBailleul, Charlotte. "Études sur have et avoir." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1690.
Full textThis study is a continuation of works exploring the verb have and on the verb avoir in French in the framework of generative grammar. It consists in a semantic and syntactic study of different uses of these verbs. This approach aims at highlighting the interface between the syntax and semantics of the diverse constructions. The constructions are classified according to their semantic properties. These properties are investigated so as to establish a syntactic analysis consistent with the facts and based on recent studies on the role and the representation of aspect in syntax. We state that have (and avoir in French) has no lexical content, which means that it is neutral at a structural level. In have and avoir sentences, the meaning is given not only by the lexical context, but also by the aspectual roles of the participants, and the type of eventuality denoted. We suggest that a unique aspectual role can generate distinct interpretations with regard to the type of eventuality involved. According to our analysis, have and avoir sentences all obey the same aspectual constraint
Vanoflen, Laurence. "La formation de l'individu selon Isabelle de Charrière (1740-1805)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040227.
Full textIsabelle de Charrière, a novelist, letter writer, and polemist, shows a strong concern for both educational practice and ideas, which, after 1762, with the publishing of Émile, by Rousseau, and of plans for educational systems, aroused interest, hope and controversy in the intellectual and public spheres, until the revolutionary decade. We first attempt to put back these epistolary relationships in their context, describing their frameworks (epistolary contract and the representation of both master and "pupil"), their motivations, their intellectual contents, and, at last, the literary collaboration with Isabelle’s friends (B. Constant, Henriette, Isabelle, Willem, Thérèse Forster). Then we analyze Charrière's novels in the perspective of the "roman pédagogique": themes, characters, master's speach; in all respects, they tend to confront myths and ideals to life and history, without denying the empiric faith. Containing a dialogue with Rousseau, Fenelon (and Mme de Genlis), they finally raise the questions concerning individual's future and "perfectionnement" : women, ordinary people, aristocrats, or kings
Sales, Marie-Pierre. "Influence du lexique et de la syntaxe sur la reprise pronominale : exemple de ça." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100088.
Full textThe aim of this work is to describe the French pronoun ça, which is not always the informal equivalent of cela, since they cannot both commute in every context. A diachronic perspective shows that two words have contributed to create the morpheme ça : ce, a pronoun in Old French, more and more associated with là, and a locative adverb (çà) from the ci, çà, là paradigm. This origin can explain the syntactic use of ça and allows us to separate two units: a pronoun (ÇA1) and an adverb (ÇA2). However some idioms reveal that it is impossible to artificially separate two units because in some cases such as: il est plus gros que ça (‘it is bigger than this’); qui ça?(‘who did you say?’); faire ci et ça (‘to do this and that’), it cannot be decided if ça is still a pronoun or if it adds emphasis to a sentence. Our goal is also to link the pronoun ça to idiomaticity. This work deals with the specific construction ça V (as in ça vend bien! ‘it sells well’]) and, moreover, it analyses three levels of idiomatic phrases where ça is the subject of a verb: ça me fait une belle jambe [‘a fat lot of good that does me’](first level), ça craint [‘it sucks’](second level), ça barde [‘things are really going to heat up’] (third level). More than the distinction of two units and the problem of idiomaticity, our description of the French morpheme ça inscribes the word in the entire lexical paradigm: ce, ceci, cela, celui-ci, celui-là, ci, là, ce N-là
Wilkinson, Jane. "L'anxiété langagière chez les locuteurs d'anglais de niveau universitaire selon le programme d'apprentissage du français langue seconde préalablement suvi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27874/27874.pdf.
Full textAbdel, Baki Samy. "Les projets internationaux de construction menés selon la formule B. O. T. (Build, Operate, Transfer) : droit égyptien - droit français." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010312.
Full textVoga-Redlinger, Madeleine. "Codage morphologique et phonologique du mot Ecrit : recherches bilingues et monolingues." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10082.
Full textPonchon, Thierry. "Sémantique lexicale et sémantique grammaticale : le verbe faire en français médiéval." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040015.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to point out the polysemy and functions of the verb faire during a specific period in the history of French language: medieval french. As a theoretical starting-point, this thesis uses the psychomecanical notion of subduction, which is the capacity of certain words to be able to decrease their literal senses. It tries to bring out, as clearly as possible, the intermediate stages which appear between the uses of faire as auxiliary verb and those as literal sense verb
Sénéchal, Kathleen. "Expérimentation et validation de séquences didactiques produites selon une ingénierie didactique collaborative : l'enseignement de la discussion et de l'exposé critique au secondaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27225.
Full textCette recherche est née de constats (Sénéchal, 2012) et de la volonté d'outiller l'enseignement de la communication orale dans la perspective du développement de la compétence langagière orale des élèves. En vue d'atteindre le principal objectif de cette thèse, qui est de proposer des séquences didactiques valides pour l'enseignement de la discussion et de l'exposé critique, nous avons emprunté aux recherches d'ingénierie didactique de première génération (Artigue, 1988; Goigoux, 2012) afin de proposer une démarche d'ingénierie didactique collaborative, dont l'originalité tient à la collaboration qui sous-tend les étapes de la conception, de l'expérimentation et de la validation de son produit en deux phases. Pour cibler les outils et les pratiques à privilégier pour enseigner les deux genres ciblés, nous avons cherché à vérifier en quoi l'utilisation du dispositif de la séquence didactique facilite ou non la transposition didactique interne des prescriptions ministérielles les concernant, en étudiant la transformation des pratiques d'enseignement de nos collaborateurs à travers l'observation de leur mise en oeuvre des séquences didactiques. Quatre outils méthodologiques ont soutenu la collecte des données par la méthode d'observation directe : la captation audiovisuelle, le journal de bord, l'examen des documents des enseignants (notes personnelles) ainsi que le bilan collaboratif, une forme d'entretien mené auprès de nos collaborateurs permettant de faire le point sur la mise en oeuvre et sur le produit de l'ingénierie (notamment en ce qui concerne les ajustements nécessaires à une utilisation optimale du dispositif). Les résultats de l'analyse de ces données montrent non seulement que les séquences didactiques élaborées et expérimentées dans le cadre de notre démarche de recherche sont valides sur le plan de la légitimité, de la pertinence et de la cohérence des contenus, mais également que leur usage permet d'engendrer des gains en termes d'apprentissage pour les élèves et donne lieu à une transformation des pratiques d'enseignement de la communication orale de leurs utilisateurs. Les interventions des enseignants, notamment une augmentation significative des gestes didactiques de régulation et d'institutionnalisation, montrent, en effet, qu'ils se sont suffisamment approprié les contenus et les manières de faire du dispositif pour arriver à opérer seuls certaines des transformations adaptatives nécessaires à la transposition interne des objets en vue de rendre ces derniers enseignables et apprenables.
Meneksegil, Anouk. "Le dire et l'indicible." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040185.
Full textAssuming that the inexpressible is fundamentally undisable, how can one grasp it without being tempted to shroud it in the obscure and untouchable aura of mysteries? From morphological point of view, the Latin privative prefix which expressive the lack or the absence of something disrupts the field it applies to, tightening and restraining it into its limits. One can be mistaken about the meaning and tonality of an apparent pattern of the inexpressible on the expressible thus extrapolating the inexpressible from the expressible which already exist. When one thinks about it, one becomes aware that the secret and prior presence of the inexpressible seems to make the expressible we end up in turn up again
Nguyen, Thi Phuong Hong. "L'adaptation de la didactique du français au contexte sociolinguistique du Vietnam." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776831.
Full textRoberge, Julie. "Etude de l'activité d'annotation des copies par des enseignants de français du second cycle du secondaire selon deux modalités (écrit/oral)." Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL3A004.
Full textDo, Thanh Thuy. "Vers une autonomie en apprentissage selon le chemin du milieu : le cas des étudiants de français à l’Université Nationale de Hanoï." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2100.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse in depth the question of learner autonomy, considered to be a fundamental requirement in the educational field. Adopting a cultural perspective, the study acknowledges first of all the difficulty in applying western models to the context of learning French as a foreign language in Vietnam. It adopts an abductive research method based on a grounded theory approach entailing successive interplay between empirical work and theory. A rich and complex corpus has been collected through filming, interviews, the log-books of the four students observed, the exchange of emails and note-taking. In order to elucidate the complexity of the concept of autonomy it was necessary to explore the notions of strategy and competence and to identify learning difficulties. The study reveals notably that emotion plays an intermediary role in the interdependent relationship between the different learning components. This relationship is based upon both linear and cyclical causality. By showing the different obstacles the actor-learner must overcome in order to be autonomous, the study affirms the necessity to keep a balance between analytic and synthetic modes of thinking. Scaffolding the leaner’s development requires the tutor to accompany him/her towards this balance and to endeavour to maintain the same balance during the scaffolding process
Courvalin, Pauline. "De l’image au mot : analyse comparative de l’audiodescription du film The King’s Speech en anglais, allemand, français et espagnol." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-225180.
Full textStrandelid, Susanna. "La lecture des ouvrages littéraires dans l'enseignement du FLE selon l'approche actionnelle." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70794.
Full textEnglebert, Annick. "Analyse sémantique et fonctionnelle du "petit mot" DE: étude synchronique et diachronique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213412.
Full textThiéry-Riboulot, Véronica. "Le mot Laïcité : histoire et usages contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL055.
Full textThis dissertation establishes that the new ways in which French word laïcité has been used in France since 1989 reflect a semantic evolution. It first examines the history of the word through empirical analysis of various bodies of texts. It begins with the study of the medieval form lai and the words that preceded it in ancient languages. Lai is also compared with the English word lay. These lexical evolutions are appreciated in their historical, pragmatic and intralinguistic contexts. Then the fact that laïcité, which initially belongs to the anticlerical lexicon, is derived from laïque, a relatinized word from the ecclesiastical lexicon, is questioned. This paradox is explained by examining, within lexical networks, the phenomena of specialization, axiological evolution, availability and polysemic tension. Atypical competition between the two neologisms laïcism and laïcité in the 19th century is then commented. The historical part ends with the description of the dynamic derivatives of laïque in -is- and the uses of laïcité, which appears in two phrases, until 1989. Then comes the analysis of contemporary uses of the word, based on distinctive features of the abstract nouns: laxity in the enunciative context, lack of tangible reference accompanied by terminological or definitional statements, degree of abstraction and semantic variations in the nominal phrase, recourse to allegory. The dissertation concludes with a survey that measures the extent of the meanings given to the word today
Hsueh, Chia-Hung. "Le bâtiment de la langue française selon Louis Meigret." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/HSUEH_Chia-Hung_1_complete_20191108.pdf.
Full textThe thesis presents the contributions of L. Meigret (1550 - ca 1558) in the history of linguistic theories, both in terms of his general vision, as well as concerning his phonological, morphological and syntactical analyzes. It relies on the thematico-quantitative approach, in focusing on recurring themes under the pen of the grammarian, such as portrait (portraiture), bâtiment (building), superfluité (superfluity), usurpation, gouvernement (government), détermination, démonstration, résolution, and so on. Before two main parts, Chapter I examines the connotations of bâtiment, which reveal the influence of the perspective in painting during the grammatisation of French. In dealing with problème de lettres (problem of letters), the first part proposes to consider Meigret as a grammairien-typographe (grammarian-typographer), his alphabet as a linguistic engineering, and his quest for a phonographic writing as the culmination of a new grammatological paradigm at the Renaissance. Under the name of études de syntaxe (studies of syntax), the second part sets out to reveal its quality as a syntactician, in his dependent descriptions of language phenomena at all levels, in his pragma-semantic and pronominal researches, especially around the article, and in its innovations in metalinguistic tools, such as termes localisateurs (terms of locating) and la technique de résolution (the technique of resolution)
Finkelstein, Karen. "Entre, comme." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010682.
Full textKonrad, Ingrid. "Quand la nominalisation envahit la subordination : étude sur ‘ce que’ dans les propositions subordonnées en français, selon une approche comparative, diachronique et expérimentale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/KONRAD_Ingrid_2_complete_20190722.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the syntax of subordinate clauses involving `ce’ in French, namely a particular kind of complement clauses, a particular kind of relative clauses and a particular kind of indirect questions. It seems that nominalization has pervaded subordination in French, and I am questioning the status and the role of the nominal element (D) `ce’ in these constructions. A large part of this dissertation focuses on the syntactic ambiguity between light-headed relatives (CITKO, 2004) and indirect questions introduced by `ce qui/ce que’. On the basis of a diachronic study ranging from the 11th century to the 17th century, of a number of sentence repetition tasks performed on French children, aged from 3 to 6 years of age and of a self-paced reading experiment performed with French adults, I exclude that `ce’ and `que’ have incorporated and that /səkə/ is a wh-word. A closer scrutiny of the atypical syntactic behaviour, in synchrony, of indirect questions introduced by `ce qu-‘ leads me to analyse them as DPs. My proposal is that these structures are indeed questions disguised as relative clauses. This proposal brings me to reconsider two issues: the selection issue and the interpretation one. Building on the analysis of complement clauses in P+ce+que given by ZARING, 1992, as well as several data in other languages, I emphasise the existence of nominalized CPs, and I claim that the syntactic distinction between DP and CP is not categorical. As for the issue of how a relative clause with `ce’ as a head can get to be interpreted as a question, I assume that `ce’ is expletive, and thus devoid of referentiality, just like it is in complement clauses. Both relatives with `ce que’ (true relatives and questions disguised as relatives) are generated through a matching derivation involving a null operator. But the predicative relation holding between the operator and the head `ce’ only takes a value in true relatives, where `ce’ is referential. Concluding, subordinate clauses involving `ce que’ in French all have a DP+CP structure. However, the D element `ce’ is semantically referential and interpretable only in light-headed relatives