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1

Boyes, E. D. "Extreme SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002804x.

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New analytical methods have been implemented with novel instrumentation designed to extend, to explore and to exploit an expanded performance envelop for high resolution imaging, EDX chemical microanalysis and chemical imaging with robust and representative bulk samples in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A key contribution is the integrated and innovative design of the in-lens electron optics, sample holders, detectors including for EDX, specimen chamber and vacuum system. Each component has been improved individually over previous practice and they have been made to work together much better, especially with respect to combining advanced electron imaging at low voltages with efficient x-ray analysis and mapping.Compared to a conventional out-of-lens/semi-in-lens FESEM the secondary electron image (SEI) resolution at the widely used low voltage of 1 kV is improved by a factor of almost 2x to <1.5nm and this facilitates low voltage imaging at primary magnifications of 250,000x (Fig.1) or more.
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2

Yao, Koffi Pierre, Rownak Jahan Mou, and Sattajit Barua. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan as Synthetic SEI for Silicon Anode: A Model System Investigation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (2023): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012523mtgabs.

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The cycling performance of high-energy silicon (Si) based lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is greatly hindered by the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Large volume change of Si during (de)-lithiation causes continuous cracking and re-formation of the SEI on the anode surface, eventually resulting in loss of Li inventory and extensive consumption of electrolyte. Our work aims to devise, ex situ, an artificial polymeric SEI that retains its integrity against the large volume expansion of Si (~300%) during lithiation, passivates the anode surface, and thus prolongs the cycling and calendar life of Si-based anodes. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was used to coat model silicon thin film surfaces with a layer of chitosan, an ionically conductive cationic polymer, with and without the addition of CH3COOLi in the precursor solution. Morphological study of the coated surface at nano and macroscale via AFM-nanoIR and SEM-EDX show CH3COOLi promotes conformal electrodeposition of chitosan. Electrochemical testing shows a boost in capacity retention and lower charge transfer resistance in the presence of the chitosan synthetic SEI. XPS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy suggest that CH3COOLi caps the -NH2 group of the deposited chitosan via an amidation reaction which suppresses excess electroreduction of the cell electrolyte. Our work provides a pathway for controlling the chemistry and properties of the SEIs in batteries.
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3

Qin, Zhizhen, Baolin Wu, Dmitri L. Danilov, Rüdiger A. Eichel, and Peter H. L. Notten. "Dual-Salts Electrolyte with Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive for High-Voltage Li-Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 2 (2024): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-012354mtgabs.

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The combination of Li-metal anode and high-voltage cathode is regarded as a solution for the next-generation high-energy-density secondary batteries. However, a traditional electrolyte is either incompatible with the lithium-metal anode or vulnerable to high voltage. This work reports a 1 M dual-salts Localized-High-Concentration-Electrolyte with Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive. It enables stable cycling of Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) battery, which shows 81.5% capacity retention after 300 cycles with a charge/discharge current density of 1 C and a voltage range of 2.7-4.4 V. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that this electrolyte not only largely reduced Li dendrites and ‘dead’ Li on anode surface but also well protected the microstructure of NMC811 cathode. Possible components of both solid-electrolyte interlayer (SEI) and cathode-electrolyte interlayer (CEI) were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The result illustrates that FEC protected Li salts from decomposition on the anode side and suppressed the decomposition of solvents on the cathode side. Figure 1
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4

Qin, Zhizhen, Baolin Wu, Dmitri L. Danilov, Rüdiger-A. Eichel, and Peter H. L. Notten. "Dual-Salts Electrolyte with Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive for High-Voltage Li-Metal Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 9 (2023): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090477.

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The combination of Li-metal anode and high-voltage cathode is regarded as a solution for the next-generation high-energy-density secondary batteries. However, a traditional electrolyte is either incompatible with the Li-metal anode or vulnerable to high voltage. This work reports a 1 M dual-salts Localized-High-Concentration-Electrolyte with Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive. It enables stable cycling of Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) battery, which shows 81.5% capacity retention after 300 cycles with a charge/discharge current density of 1 C and a voltage range of 2.7–4.4 V. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that this electrolyte not only largely reduced Li dendrites and ‘dead’ Li on anode surface but also well protected the microstructure of NMC811 cathode. Possible components of both solid-electrolyte interlayer (SEI) and cathode-electrolyte interlayer (CEI) were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The result illustrates that FEC protected Li salts from decomposition on the anode side and suppressed the decomposition of solvents on the cathode side.
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5

Bischof, Katharina, Marius Flügel, Markus Hölzle, Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, and Thomas Waldmann. "Aging Mechanism For Calendar Aging of Li-Ion Cells With Si/Graphite Anodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 1 (2024): 010510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad1b7c.

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Calendar aging of Li-ion batteries with Si/graphite electrodes was investigated within this study. A total of 121 single-layer pouch full cells with either graphite or Si/graphite (3.0 wt−%, 5.8 wt−% and 20.8 wt−% Si) anodes and NMC622 cathodes with the same N/P ratio were built on pilot-scale. Calendar aging was studied at SoC 30%, 60%, and 100%, as well as temperature (25 °C, 45 °C, 60 °C) and time dependence. The aging data was analyzed in terms of capacity fade and a square-root behavior was observed. Differential voltage analysis (DVA) has been performed as a function of aging time. The observed temperature and time dependence is best described by time dependent, 3D Arrhenius plots. Post-Mortem analysis (SEM, EDX, GD-OES) is applied to investigate the changes on electrode and material level. Conclusions are drawn on the main aging mechanisms for calendar aging of Li-ion cells with Si/graphite anodes and differences between Si/graphite and pure graphite anodes are discussed. The Si-containing cells show a combination of lithium inventory loss and a loss of accessible Si active material, both caused by SEI growth.
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6

Nishikawa, Mika, Morgan L. Thomas, Nobuyuki Serizawa, and Yasushi Katayama. "(Digital Presentation) Effects of the Morphological Changes Associated with a Li Metal Anode on Deposition and Dissolution Cycle in Bis(fluorosulfonyl)Amide-Based Ionic Liquids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 7 (2024): 1051. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0271051mtgabs.

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Lithium metal has been considered as a promising candidate for the negative electrode of secondary batteries for several decades because its capacity (3860 mAh g–1) is higher than those of currently used electrode materials. However, the lithium metal anode has been known to exhibit poor cycle performance or give rise to short circuits due to the dendritic or whisker-like morphology of lithium formed during deposition and dissolution. Analysis of the morphology of lithium deposits, especially the cross-section, is considered to be important for contributing to research on improving the charge-discharge ability of lithium metal anode. The formation of a uniform and highly Li+conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the lithium metal surface leading to dense and low porosity lithium deposits and a reversible deposition-dissolution reaction of lithium is a significant challenge. It has been suggested that the bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (FSA–)-derived SEI in ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte containing a high concentration of LiFSA can improve cycle performance and suppress dendritic growth [1,2]. We have reported the cycle performance of lithium and the formation of a SEI for electrolytes comprised of LiFSA in MOEMPFSA (MOEMP+: 1-methyl-1-methoxyethylpyrrolidinium) or BMPFSA (BMP+: 1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidinium) [3]. The resistance of the SEI in LiFSA-MOEMPFSA (1:1 molar ratio) was lower than that in LiFSA-BMPFSA (1:1 molar ratio), and the deposition and dissolution performance of a lithium metal anode was improved in LiFSA-MOEMPFSA compared to LiFSA-BMPFSA. This is thought to be due to the variation in SEI composition with IL cation structure. Previous studies have demonstrated the cycle performance at a capacity of 1 or 4 mAh cm–2 [3,4] for lithium metal. However, these values are rather low when considering the proposed application as a negative electrode material for next-generation batteries, and it is essential to study a larger capacity. In the present study, the morphological changes of Li during deposition and dissolution cycle at 10 mAh cm–2 and the relationship between cycle performance and the morphology of deposited Li was investigated. The electrolytes were prepared by mixing MOEMPFSA or BMPFSA and LiFSA at 50.0-50.0 mol%. The water contents in the ionic liquid electrolytes were less than 50 ppm, as determined by Karl Fischer titration. The preparation of 10 mAh cm–2 deposited Li on Cu was conducted using a Cu|Li planar electrode cell (laminate-like) at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mA cm–2. Celgard 3501 was used as the separator. The cross-sections of the deposited lithium on Cu were revealed by processing with Ar ion milling at –80 °C. The observation of the cross-section of deposited lithium on Cu was carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and without exposure to air. The SEM images of the cross-sections of a 10 mAh cm–2 lithium deposit on Cu at 0.1 or 0.5 mA cm–2 in LiFSA-MOEMPFSA reveal a denser and lower porosity than that at 1.0 mA cm–2. It is suggested that columnar growth of lithium was observed due to particle growth rather than nucleation at lower current density. The morphology of the 10 mAh cm–2 lithium deposits on Cu at 0.5 mA cm–2 in LiFSA-MOEMPFSA was denser than that in LiFSA-BMPFSA. This is thought to be due to the differences in the resistance of the SEI derived from MOEMPFSA and BMPFSA. The denser and lower porosity deposited lithium is considered to be promising for operation at as high a capacity as 10 mAh cm–2, and is expected to contribute to the improvement of the reversibility of the lithium anode with suppressing dendritic growth. Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Green Technologies of Excellence (GteX, JPMJGX23S0) program of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). MOEMPCl was supplied by Nisshinbo Holdings Inc. References R. Furuya, T. Hara, T. Fukunaga, K. Kawakami, N. Serizawa, and Y. Katayama, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168, 100516 (2021). G. Girard, M. Hilder, N. Dupre, D. Guyomard, D. Nucciarone, K. Whitbread, S. Zavorine, M. Moser, M. Forsyth, D. MacFarlane, and P. Howlett, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, 6719 (2018). N. Serizawa, R. Yamashita, and Y. Katayama, J. Phys. Chem. C, 127, 10434 (2023). Y. Maeyoshi, K. Yoshii, and H. Sakaebe, J. Electrochem. Soc., 90, 047001 (2022).
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7

Cavers, Heather, Yajie Wang, and Arno Kwade. "Development of Electrolyte Additives to Enable High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Lithium Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (2023): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012643mtgabs.

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Electrochemical energy storage (EES) is still key to realize wide spread use of renewable energies. For large-scale EES production, the development of high energy density, non-toxic, cost-effective materials is necessary. In this study, a cobalt free active material, Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxide, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), was employed in the production of cathodes for high voltage lithium ion battery (LIB) applications. LNMO is an attractive cathode active material due to its high operating potential (~4.7 vs. Li/Li+ [1]), non-toxicity and low cost. The practical application of LNMO cathodes in LIBs has been relatively limited, especially for large scale application, due challenges associated with the material (i.e. electrolyte decomposition at high voltage, self-discharge and dissolution of the transition metals [2]). Electrolyte additives are an effective way to address these challenges, without major cost increase or changes to the production approach. In this study the role of different electrolyte additives in high-voltage full-cell LIBs with both graphite and silicon-graphite anodes is investigated. Additives known for their solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming ability (i.e. vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)), as well as additives that play additional roles such as cathode electrolyte interface formation or HF scavenging (i.e. tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSP) and succinate anhydride (SA)), are used [3]. Galvanostatic cycling measurements were performed in 3-electrode cells in order to investigate the rate capability and long term cycling stability of LMNO/Gr and LMNO/Gr-Si full-cells with different electrolyte additives. The electrochemical characterization was verified with post mortem analysis to confirm the SEI composition, chemical and mechanical stability of the electrodes and lack of lithium plating. Post mortem investigations were done with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and optical microscopy. Improved rate performance and better long term cycling stability of both full-cell chemistries was achieved for electrolytes containing the TMSP additive. References: [1] G. Gabrielli, M. Marinaro, M. Mancini, P. Axmann and M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, J. Power Sources 351 (2017) 35-44. [2] R. Amin, N. Muralidharan, R. K. Petla, H. Ben Yahia, S. A. Jassim Al-Hail, R. Essehli, C. Daniel, M. A. Khaleel, I. Belharouak, J. Power Sources, 467 (2020) 228318. [3] K. Kim, H. Ma, S. Park, N.-S. Choi, ACS Energy Lett., 5 (2020) 1537-1553.
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8

MAZARBHUIYA, RASHED MUSTAFA, BHARGAB MADHAB BARUA, and MANESWAR RAHANG. "TAGUCHI GREY RELATIONAL MULTI-RESPONSE EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION ON MODIFICATION OF Al-6061 SURFACE USING Si–Cu GREEN COMPACT TOOL IN EDM." Surface Review and Letters 28, no. 09 (2021): 2150073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x21500736.

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This paper presents the surface modification of aluminium-6061 by electric discharge machining (EDM). Si–Cu powder metallurgical green compact tool is used to deposit its material on to the work surface under reverse polarity of EDM. Compact load, current and pulse on-time are selected control parameters. Material deposition rate (MDR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness ([Formula: see text] are considered as process outputs. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis show the presence of tool materials in the deposit of work surface. Olympus optical micrograph shows an average thickness of the deposited layer to be 18.73[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The hardness of the deposited layer is found to be 268[Formula: see text]HV. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows the compact load to be the most effective parameter on surface modification followed by pulse on-time and current, respectively.
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9

Arunasalam, Kavin, Jesus Medina Santos, Meiying Liang, Teng Zhang, Yury Gogotsi, and Valeria Nicolosi. "Low-Dimensional Snse – Ti3C2 Mxene Composite As Binder-Free Anode for Energy Storage Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 1 (2024): 195. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-021195mtgabs.

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Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique structural and electronic properties such as reduced thickness, high conductivity, packing density and tuneable band gap.[1] These properties present compelling opportunities for their applications in sustainable battery technologies.[1] Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting great interest as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their material abundance, lower cost, and environmental sustainability. However, the quest for a high-performance anode for SIBs remains challenging owing to the severe volume expansion caused by the intercalation of the large Na-ion. Tin (II) selenide (SnSe), a layered 2D material, demonstrates very high theoretical capacity as an anode for sodium and lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, its instability primarily, attributed to the substantial pulverization of active materials during cycling, poses a challenge.[2] To address this, we investigated a novel 2D composite material comprising SnSe nanoparticles and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets (Figure 1) to be used as an anode in batteries. Due to the exceptional conductivity and viscosity of MXene [3], it can act as a conductive binder in this composite eliminating the need for traditional non-conductive binders like PVDF and CMC. This reduces the dead volume in the electrode and enhances its specific capacity. Additionally, the MXene layers with terminating fluorine functionals promote the growth of stable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEI) improving the overall Coulombic efficiency of the battery.[4] Further optimization studies were done with VC and FEC electrolyte additives. Characterization techniques, including XPS, SEM, EDX, XRD, and AFM were performed on the composite nanomaterial to study its morphology, as well as compositional and structural changes upon processing. The electrode material showed a high initial discharge capacity of 700 mAh/g and 98% Coulombic efficiency for 100 cycles in lithium-ion batteries. This shows promise in overcoming the instability issues of SnSe, thereby improving the performance and longevity of SIBs for sustainable energy storage solutions. References [1] Jie Wang, et al., Nature Communications, 2021, Vol. 12 [2] Wei Wang, et al., Small, 2017, Vol.13 [3] Mohamed Alhabeb, et al., Chemistry of Materials, 2017 Vol. 29 Figure 1: SEM images of the cross-section of the SnSe-MXene composite slurry cast electrodes. a) shows the thickness of the slurry-casted electrode to be 11.6 microns and b) shows the SnSe nanoparticles between the MXene nanosheets. Figure 1
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10

Arifi, Arif, Elizabeta Gjorgievska, Irena Gavrilović, Nichola Coleman, Marko Vuletić, and Dragana Gabrić. "Comparison of Three Different Orthodontic Adhesives Bonded to Metallic and Ceramic Brackets: SEM and SEM/EDX Analysis (In Vitro Study)." Acta Stomatologica Croatica 58, no. 1 (2024): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15644/asc58/1/2.

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11

Furtmair, Michael, Anika Wolters, Sanja Simic, Markus Thannhuber, Günther Ruhl, and Michael Sternad. "Tracing the Powerfade: Location and Quantification of the Fluoridic Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Graphite Anodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 7 (2023): 2860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-0172860mtgabs.

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Due to the conversion of the global energy supply from carbon emitting to renewable sources, there is the need for energy storage systems being efficient at high energy- and power densities. Many requirements are fulfilled best by Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), so this technology is successfully part of battery-electric vehicles, cordless power tools and portable electronic devices. The ongoing improvement of anode- and cathode materials, together with adapted electrolytes [1] led to excellent advances in power- and energy densities. However, the increasing amount of total energy per cell underlines the importance of monitoring the cell’s health parameters (e.g. capacity fades, coulombic efficiencies, AC-and DC-impedances) in order to ensure safety and expand the lifetime [2, 3]. The Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) represents a main source for cell impedances [4] and was in the case of LiPF6-based electrolytes found to be best analytically accessible by the quantitative determination of its unsolvable, fluoridic fractions (LiF) using ion-exchange chromatography [5]. During this work, long term cycling tests (T = 25, 40, 60 °C, 2 C charging) of industrial 3 Ah-21700-cells with graphite anode (figure a), NMC 811 cathode and LiPF6-based electrolyte were performed (figure b). Subsequently, after defined cycling steps (10, 250, 500, 750 cycles) the cells were opened, post-mortem analysis (SEM, EDX, “broad ion beam”- (BIB) preparation) together with the drawing of anode/separators samples for the later fluoride determination took place. The samples were cleaned from LiPF6 (washing with DEC) and dried under glovebox conditions (Ar, < 0.5 ppm H2O). With the aim to quantify the SEI layer 1) in the anode bulk and 2) adhering to or inside the separator to trace reversible Li-plating, anode/separators samples were eluted separately with deionized water and the fluoride-concentration of the solutions was determined by ion-exchange chromatography (figure c - f). SEI fractions, like inorganic carbonates, alkyl carbonates, oxides, etc., were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) along a depth profile (figure g) using Ar-ion sputtering [6, 7]. The results elaborated within this study point out a strong correlation in between the amount of fluoridic SEI and the DC-impedance rise during cycling, especially at elevated temperatures (40, 60 °C). At 25 °C different ageing mechanisms are obvious: In comparison lower fluoride concentrations together with substantial DC impedance gains suggest the temporary and superficial occurrence of reversible Li-plating, blocking important Li-ion paths via the electrolyte (e.g. anode surface pores, separator pores [8, 9]) by residual products of their SEI-films. Reference s [1] Eshetu, G. G.; Zhang, H.; Judez, X.; Adenusi, H.; Armand, M.; Passerini, S.; Figgemeier, E., Production of high-energy Li-ion batteries comprising silicon-containing anodes and insertion-type cathodes. Nat Commun 2021, 12, (1), 5459. [2] Sternad, M.; Cifrain, M.; Watzenig, D.; Brasseur, G.; Winter, M., Condition monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 2009, 126, (5), 186-193. [3] Furtmair, M.; Wolters, A.; Kühnel, F.; Thannhuber, M.; Sötz, V.; Sternad, M., The Impact of Fast-Charging on Cell Ageing of Industrial High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries. In IMLB 2022, Sydney, Australia, 2022. [4] Aurbach, D.; Markovsky, B.; Rodkin, A.; Cojocaru, M.; Levi, E.; Kim, H.-J., An analysis of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries after prolonged cycling. Electrochimica Acta 2002, 47, (12), 1899-1911. [5] Uitz, M.; Sternad, M.; Breuer, S.; Täubert, C.; Traußnig, T.; Hennige, V.; Hanzu, I.; Wilkening, M., Aging of Tesla's 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells: Correlating Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Evolution with Fading in Capacity and Power. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2017, 164, (14), A3503-A3510. [6] Shutthanandan, V.; Nandasiri, M.; Zheng, J.; Engelhard, M. H.; Xu, W.; Thevuthasan, S.; Murugesan, V., Applications of XPS in the characterization of Battery materials. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 2019, 231, 2-10. [7] Zhu, Y.; Pande, V.; Li, L.; Wen, B.; Pan, M. S.; Wang, D.; Ma, Z. F.; Viswanathan, V.; Chiang, Y. M., Design principles for self-forming interfaces enabling stable lithium-metal anodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020, 117, (44), 27195-27203. [8] Lagadec, M. F.; Ebner, M.; Zahn, R.; Wood, V., Communication—Technique for Visualization and Quantification of Lithium-Ion Battery Separator Microstructure. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2016, 163, (6), A992-A994. [9] Zier, M.; Scheiba, F.; Oswald, S.; Thomas, J.; Goers, D.; Scherer, T.; Klose, M.; Ehrenberg, H.; Eckert, J., Lithium dendrite and solid electrolyte interphase investigation using OsO4. Journal of Power Sources 2014, 266, 198-207. Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank H. Schröttner (Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology) for preferential access to preparation and examination equipment. Figure 1
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Jeon, Chung-Hyun, and Sung-Woo Park. "Analysis of rifle and pistol primer gunshot residue using SEM-EDX." Analytical Science and Technology 23, no. 3 (2010): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2010.23.3.322.

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THAMJAREE, WANDEE, and WIM NHUAPENG. "EFFECT OF COATING TIME ON ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDES THIN FILM ON THE SURFACE OF ANODIZED ALUMINUM PLATE FOR ULTRACAPACITOR ELECTRODE MATERIAL." Surface Review and Letters 25, Supp01 (2018): 1840007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18400073.

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In this work, effect of coating time on the structural, compositional and morphological properties of MoO3-coated Al2O3 plate for application as an electrode material for ultracapacitor was investigated. The 1[Formula: see text]cm [Formula: see text] 1[Formula: see text]cm aluminum plate was anodized by an electrochemical plating technique at 12[Formula: see text]V for 20 and 30[Formula: see text]min, respectively. MoO3 film was then coated on anodized aluminum plate over a range of coating time (2–10[Formula: see text]min, in intervals of 4[Formula: see text]min) at an applied voltage of 6[Formula: see text]V with constant electric current of 1[Formula: see text]A. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in the characterization of the MoO3/Al2O3 plate obtained. The SEM results obtained indicated that the coating time significantly affected the roughness and the surface area of the samples. The EDX analysis revealed the chemical composition element of Mo, O and Al and the result from XPS confirmed the existence of MoO3.
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Amina, Djadi, Lemou A., Cherifi N., and Ladji R. "Aerosol analysis by MEB-EDX." Algerian Journal of Materials Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2021): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5515657.

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The aerosols, which are fine particles suspended in the air, play a primary role in our ecosystem, and their impacts on the environment  are directly related to air quality, climatic changes and human health. Moreover, these particles were classified by the World Health Organization, (OMS, 2006), as the most dangerous component of pollution on public health, the reason for which they have been the subject of several micro-analyzes applying various  techniques. These techniques include scanning electron microscopy coupled with Microanalysis X (SEM-EDX), generally used to study the physical properties of these particles and their morphologies. Also, to quantify their chemical compositions and to characterize existing biological species. In our research work, we are precisely interested in the application of this technique SEM-EDX  for the analysis of air quality in different communities such as hospitals and schools. Via this contribution, we summarize the principle, the method of use and the main informations that can be obtained through the application of this technique on the aerosols. Several examples of research developed in the bibliography will be reported. The first results obtained at Bou-Ismail (36° 38’ 33 " North, 2° 41’ 24 " East) will be also exposed.
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Choi, Young-A., Tae-Jung Lee, and Dong-Sool Kim. "Development of Source Profiles for Asbestos and Non-asbestos Fibers by SEM/EDX." Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 23, no. 6 (2007): 718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/kosae.2007.23.6.718.

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Rincón, Jesús María. "Microstructure and microanalysis (SEM/EDX) determination of glasses from Mallorca and Menorca caves." Trabajos de Prehistoria 50 (December 30, 1993): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/tp.1993.v50.i0.502.

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An, Ki-Won, Jae-Yong Yoo, and Sang-Keun Oh. "Dissolution Resistance Property of Modified Asphalt Waterproofing Sheet Coated with Polyamide Film by SEM-EDX Analysis." Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction 17, no. 5 (2017): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkibc.2017.17.5.437.

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Pacella, Alessandro, Paolo Ballirano, and Georgia Cametti. "Quantitative chemical analysis of erionite fibres using a micro-analytical SEM-EDX method." European Journal of Mineralogy 28, no. 2 (2016): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2497.

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Schmitt, Christina, Davin Maximillian, Dane Sotta, et al. "Ageing and Post-Mortem Study of LNMO-Based Lithium Ion Battery Pouch Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 2 (2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-022169mtgabs.

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Lithium ion batteries are nowadays widely employed in a variety of applications from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. Due to the rising demand for batteries, more affordable and sustainable batteries are needed that exhibit at the same time high energy densities, high power capabilities, long cycle life, and increased safety. One concept to meet these requirements is to develop cobalt-free cathode materials of which the high-voltage spinel LNMO (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) is a promising material due to its high energy density and high operating voltage of 4.7 V. However, the high operating voltage has also its drawbacks. Commonly used carbonate-based electrolytes oxidize at high voltages, leading to the continuous formation of a cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI). Additionally, LNMO is prone to transition metal dissolution which not only leads to a reduced stability of the cathode active material but due to migration and deposition of the transition metals on the anode surface also to an altered solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and significant impedance rise of the anode.1 Both ageing mechanisms provoke increased lithium loss and high resistances and thus a poor cycling performance.2, 3 In the Horizon 2020 LC-BAT5 project HYDRA, LNMO-based prototype pouch cells are developed and built. Herein, we want to present the results from the comprehensive analysis of their performance and cycling behavior. The influence of upper cut-off voltage, charge and discharge current rate as well as temperature on the degradation are thoroughly investigated by electrochemical methods such as differential voltage analysis and impedance spectroscopy. After cycling, selected cells are opened under argon atmosphere followed by electrochemical characterization as well as physical analysis such as SEM-EDX and XPS in order to get further insights into the underlying ageing mechanisms. We thereby reveal the main degradation mechanisms as a function of the cycling conditions and derive solutions on how to increase the cycle life. 1. C. Zhan, T. Wu, J. Lu and K. Amine, Energy Environ. Sci.,11 (2), 243-257 (2018). 2. J. Ma, P. Hu, G. Cui and L. Chen, Chem. Mater.,28 (11), 3578-3606 (2016). 3. W. Li, Y.-G. Cho, W. Yao, Y. Li, A. Cronk, R. Shimizu, M. A. Schroeder, Y. Fu, F. Zou, V. Battaglia, A. Manthiram, M. Zhang and Y. S. Meng, J. Power Sources,473, (2020). Pseudo-OCV (a) and differential voltage analysis curves (b) of LNMO-graphite pouch cell cycled with 0.3C CCCV charge and 0.1C discharge at 25°C Figure 1
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20

KHASHAN, KHAWLA S., and FARAH MAHDI. "SYNTHESIS OF ZnO:Mg NANOCOMPOSITE BY PULSED LASER ABLATION IN LIQUID." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 07 (2017): 1750101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17501013.

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ZnO:Mg nanocomposite formation by two-step laser ablation in deionized water is analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed to obtain infrared spectra, crystalline structures, optical absorption spectra, morphology and spatial composition of the prepared nanocomposite. The FTIR result shows that bonds at [Formula: see text]480[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 900[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] correspond to Zn–O and Mg–O stretching modes. The XRD pattern observed the hexagonal wurtzite of ZnMgO phase at [Formula: see text] and 34.76[Formula: see text]. SEM image shows a flower-like hierarchical structure with a full array about 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The absorption spectra demonstrate that a band gap of nanocomposite increases as the Mg content increases.
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21

GUNAWAN, ABDUL HARIS, and EKA PRATISTA. "COPPER OXIDE THIN FILM SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION AS CATHODE IN PHOTOELECTROCATALYTIC CELL FOR METHYL ORANGE DEGRADATION." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, no. 6 (2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i6.2021.979.

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A copper oxide thin film was synthesized through a copper sheet annealing process that was carried out using a gas stove, furnace and 1000 W tungsten . The product and its response were measured using a and then characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. Furthermore, the copper oxide was applied as a photocathode in a cell with Platinum (Pt) as the anode for methyl orange degradation, and the thin film annealed at 60 sec produced the highest current density. According to XRD and EDX results, copper oxide structure was dominated by Cu2O, while SEM showed the presence of a Cu2O porous surface. Methyl orange solution degradation also showed the best result for the copper oxide annealed at 60 sec and in all pH variations, while the best degradation was obtained at pH 1.
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22

Edebiri, O.E., P.E. Akpe, P.A Akpotaire, et al. "Assessment of Some Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Menopausal and Non-Menopausal Adult Female, in Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2024): 62–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11059008.

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<em>Menopause is the permanent cessation of menses for 12 months resulting from estrogen deficiency and is not associated with pathology. The aim was to determine some oxidative stress biomarkers in Menopausal and non-menopausal adult female, in Edo state, Nigeria. The study involved twenty (20) consenting adult female participants, including 10 postmenopausal women and 10 non-menopausal women, recruited from Ekpoma metropolitan, Edo State. The study was conducted for three (3) months at Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants to measure oxidative stress biomarkers, including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and were done spectrophotometrically. The result reveals that the mean values of non-menopausal and menopausal groups are 3.389 and 7.509 respectively, while the standard error of mean (SEM) was found to be 0.4252. The result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (at P &lt; 0.05) in the mean values of glutathione peroxidase activity between the menopausal and non-menopausal adult females. The mean values of non-menopausal and menopausal groups are 0.201 and 0.424 respectively, while the standard error of mean (SEM) was found to be 0.0199. The result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (at P &lt; 0.05) in the mean values of Superoxide dismutase activity between the menopausal and non-menopausal adult females. The mean values of non-menopausal and menopausal groups are 31.82 and 84.99 respectively, while the standard error of mean (SEM) was found to be 2.013. The result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (at P &lt; 0.05) in the mean values of catalase activity between the menopausal and non-menopausal adult females. Conclusively, at the end of this current study, the following were established; the level of glutathione peroxidase activity in both menopausal and non-menopausal adult was known and compared, that there was a statistically significantly difference in the catalase activity between menopausal and non-menopausal adult female. </em>
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23

AL-JAWAD, SELMA M. H., MOHAMMAD R. MOHAMMAD, and NATHEER JAMAL IMRAN. "EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION ON STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF TiO2 GROWN BY ANODIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR PHOTOELECTROCATALYTIC APPLICATION." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 04 (2018): 1850078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500786.

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In this work, TiO2 nanotube thin films were prepared by using the anodization technique. Different electrolytes solutions were used to specify the optimum condition. Annealing in air at different temperatures of (400, 500, and 600)[Formula: see text]C at constant time of 1[Formula: see text]h was achieved for all films. The structure (XRD, SEM, EDX, and AFM), and optical (UV–Visible spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and Spectral Response) properties of nanotube TiO2 films were investigated and analyzed for different electrolyte solutions. XRD analysis of all deposited films has confirmed the formation of polycrystalline-tetragonal phase (anatase, and rutile) with increase in crystalline size and, annealing temperatures. SEM measurements of TiO2 films show nanotube shapes with outer diameter of (80–130) nm. EDX analysis confirmed the stoichiometry ratio between Ti and O to be 1:2 to produce TiO2 film. PL measurement results show two peaks: one located at UV-region pointing to energy band gap (Eg) for TiO2 nano films; the second one is located at visible region pointing to impurities on films. Spectral response measurements show photocurrent peaks centered at UV-region (355[Formula: see text]nm). Then, TiO2 films were deposited with different electrolyte solution for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) application. The higher response to UV-light was received by using TiO2 film grown by anodization technique with (HNO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]HF) electrolyte solution.
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24

Odhiambo, John Gerald, Li Zhang, Tao Liu, Li Hua Dong, and Yan Sheng Yin. "Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steels (2205) in Seawater in the Presence of Deep Sea Bacteria." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.189.

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The corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel immersed in nutrient-rich simulated seawater without deep sea bacteria and with deep sea bacteria (Erythrobacter pelagi sp.nov) was studied. The effect of chloride ions and presence of deep sea bacteria on corrosion resistance was investigated. The occurrence of localized corrosion (Viz. pitting and crevice corrosion) was examined using visual inspection and SEM-EDX. Electrochemical impedance spectra were used to study the effects of deep sea bacteria on duplex stainless steel and inferences were made. Most significantly was the reduction of pitting resistance potential with increase in exposure time.
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25

Gowreesan, S., and A. Ruban Kumar. "Preparation of Magnesium-Based Cobalt-Ferrites (Co1−xMgxFe2O4) Nanoparticles by Sol–Gel Auto Combustion Method." International Journal of Nanoscience 17, no. 01n02 (2017): 1760012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x17600122.

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The scope of the present work is in enhancing the particle size, and dielectric properties of Mg-substituted Cobalt ferrites nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel auto combustion method. The different ratios of Mg-substituted Co Ferrites (Co[Formula: see text]MgxFe2O4([Formula: see text], 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.30)) are calcinated at 850[Formula: see text]C. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX techniques and dielectric behavior. The structural parameters were confirmed from powder XRD and the average particle size is obtained from 39 to 67 nm due to the substitution of Mg[Formula: see text] which was calculated by Debye Scherrer’s formula. FE-SEM showed the surface morphology of the different ratio of the sample. The dielectric loss has measured the frequency range of 50[Formula: see text]Hz–5[Formula: see text]MHz. From electrical modulus, conductivity relaxation and thermal activation of charge carriers has been discussed.
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26

ADIOUI, N., E. B. HANNECH, W. GUERGUEB, and M. BOUOUDINA. "INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND FORMATION IN Ni/Sn DIFFUSION COUPLE AT ATMOSPHERIC AND AT 10−8 ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE." Surface Review and Letters 24, Supp02 (2017): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18500233.

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The microstructure resulting from diffusion reactions, at solid-state temperatures, in Ni/Sn couples has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Ni3Sn4 phase was the only reaction product which formed in the couples at temperatures from 150[Formula: see text]C to 220[Formula: see text]C. The growth kinetics of Ni3Sn4 layer followed the parabolic law with an apparent activation energy of 104[Formula: see text]kJ[Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text]. The effect of the atmosphere on the microstructure of the interfacial layer was investigated at 220[Formula: see text]C for a pressure of 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]atm. A decrease in the growth rate of the phase layer was observed.
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27

Mhaske, Sujit S., Sandip B. Kakade, Sopan M. Thorat, and Ashok E. Kalange. "Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles by Simple Co-precipitation Technique." International Research Journal of Science and Engineering A12 (March 23, 2023): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7763129.

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In the present work, phase pure Cobalt ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by simple co-precipitation method. Structural and morphological properties of synthesized material are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results show that successfully formation of spherical nano particles with spinel crystalline structure. Strong peaks of Co, Fe and O are clearly observed in the EDX, which shows that the presence of these elements.
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28

Korta, Kepa. "Sei traizio." Gogoa 17 (June 20, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/gogoa.19736.

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«Traduttore, traditore» dio italiar esaerak. Itzultzaile, traidore. Horrenarabera, GOGOAren lehen aleetan sartzeko artikulu klasiko baten itzulpenaegin genuenero, traizioa egiten ari gintzaizkion jatorrizko testuari —edo harenegileari, edo biei; esaerak ez du zehazten hori—. Eta traizio bikoitza egiteragoaz, orain, itzulpen zaharren bertsio berriekin osatutako GOGOArenale honekin. Traizio mesedegarria, ordea. Hala espero dugu behintzat.
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29

Hussain, Raja Azadar, Farida Yasmin, Hamid Nawaz, and Amin Badshah. "SEM-EDS and ICP-AES Analysis of Common Food Additives." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 54, no. 5 (2010): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2010.54.5.551.

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30

Formella, Zbigniew. "Crea Giuseppe, Gli altri e la formazione di se, EDH, Bologna 2005." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 23 (June 30, 2006): 524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2006.23.58.

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31

R., Hepzi Pramila Devamani, Gayathri S., and Gowsalya P. "Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Chromate Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanotechnology and Nano-Engineering 6, no. 1 (2020): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3759278.

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Silver Chromate nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation method from silver nitrate and potassium chromate. The formed nano particle is characterized by powder X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the preferential growth of silver chromate nanoparticles that width is 14&nbsp;nm. The SEM image shows the synthesized silver chromate nanoparticles with plate like morphology. The EDAX spectra shows the elements present in the sample. The FTIR spectrum is used to study the stretching and bending frequencies of molecular functional groups in the sample. From UV spectrum, the band gap of silver chromate nanoparticles is found to be 3 eV. From the antibacterial analysis, the silver chromate nanoparticles have antibacterial activity.
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32

Surendar, K., P. Rajkumar, V. Balachandran, and K. Sasikumar. "Spectroscopic Studies (FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM) and Elemental Analysis (XPS) on Sedimentary Rocks of Pachamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 17 (2025): 1321–34. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i17.311.

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Objective: To investigate the presence of minerals and elements in sedimentary rocks of Pachamalai hills which is located in Tamil Nadu state, South India by suitable spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM and XPS. Methods: The FTIR technique has been carried out to identify the minerals and XRD analysis is made for confirmation of identified minerals. EDX with SEM used to determine the surface structure, internal morphology and superficial elemental profile. XPS technique could be used in line profiling of the elemental composition across the surface or in-depth profiling when paired with ion etching. Findings: The minerals such as Quartz, Calcite, Cristobalite, Gibbsite, Goethite, Halloysite, Hectorite, Illite, Kaolinite, Lepidocrocite, Microline Feldspar, Montmorillonite, Nacrite, Organic Compound, Palygorskite, Sepiolite, and Siderite are identified. The minerals were identified from the IR absorption band of the location of different peaks. This study demonstrates the Nature of Crystallinity, which was calculated by Crystalline Index of the Rock cementation in elevation wise from Top to Bottom are discussed. The EDX with SEM and XPS gives detailed availability of elements in the middle site of the hill. Novelty: The crystalline nature of the hills revealed in non-uniform pattern, this property randomly varies (0.63 – 1.39) in almost all the locations. Their elemental composition is measured in EDX and XPS as well. From EDX results the atomic weight percentage of elements are C – 23.43%, O – 52.24%, Na – 0.86%, Mg – 0.74%, Al – 7.29%, Si – 11.4%, S – 0.07%, K – 0.27%, Ca -1.4%, Ti – 0.11%, Fe – 2.12% and Cu – 0.08%. XPS results revealed O 1s - 58.2%, C 1s - 24.1%, Si 2p - 13.0%, Fe 2p3 – 4.8%, Mg 2s, Ca 2p, K 2p and S 2p are less than 1%. Keywords: FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM, XPS, Nature of crystallinity
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33

Shampa, Mondal*. "SURFACE MORPHOLOGICAL, STRUCTURAL AND HYDROGEN SENSING CHARACTERIZATION OF PD DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY SILAR." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 3 (2018): 456–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1199360.

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Both Zinc Oxide(ZnO) and Palladium (Pd) doped ZnO thin films prepared by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction technique called SILAR from Sodium Zincate complex. For the structural and morphological studies of the thin films X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)&nbsp; has done .&nbsp; Strong preferred c-axis orientation happen in both the undoped and Pd-doped ZnO thin films. SEM micrograph reveals that&nbsp; ZnO&nbsp; possess round shaped particles whereas Pd-doped ZnO shows off-sherical particles and&nbsp; compact grains.&nbsp; EDX done for investigating Pd incorporation in the&nbsp; film. Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)&nbsp;&nbsp; sensing properties of Palladium(Pd) doped ZnO thin films&nbsp; has been studied. behaviors of the ZnO &ndash; based gas sensor For 10% Pd doped ZnO, the sensitivity and response time behaviors to hydrogen gas were investigated . Sensitivity dependence on the temperature&nbsp;&nbsp; was tested and the optimum operation temperature was at around 310 <sup>0</sup>C. The response time for&nbsp; the Pd doped ZnO film was 60 sec and the recovery time was 120 sec. The temperature variation of sensitivity was studied and the maximum sensitivity of 72% was observed at around 300 <sup>0</sup>C for 1.6 vol% H<sub>2</sub> in air.
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34

MAIZI, RAFIK, ATHMANE MEDDOUR, and CÉLINE ROUSSE. "STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THIN LAYERS OF BINARY Ni–Fe ALLOYS ELECTRODEPOSITED BY TWO DIFFERENT BATHS: ACID AND IONIC LIQUID." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 08 (2018): 1950025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500252.

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The deposition of Ni–Fe thin layers in boric acid and ionic liquid ([BuMePyr][Tf2N]) baths were successfully prepared. The obtained materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and SEM. Meanwhile, these materials were carried out by chronoamperometry or chronopotentiometry by varying the intensity of the current and the deposition potential. The results indicate that the coatings of Ni–Fe alloys were successfully obtained by electroplating on the copper substrates, and the alloys composition shows irregular behavior with polarization. The nickel content in the samples is in the range of 55–90%, but the iron content ranges from 10–30%, when potential deposits were varied from [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]V to [Formula: see text]4[Formula: see text]V vs Ni electrode. The results also showed that the thin layers are monophased; they contain the Ni3Fe phase. Further, SEM images of Ni–Fe alloys show the different shapes of particles.
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35

Ouyang, Ting, Mianyu Xie, Yunfeng Shi, Bing Chen, Yu Lan, and Song Yue. "Transport and magnetic properties of cobalt disulfide prepared by solid state hybrid microwave heating and hot pressing." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 22 (2015): 1550120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915501201.

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In this study, single phase cobalt disulfide [Formula: see text] was synthesized by temperature-controlled solid state hybrid microwave heating. The structure, composition and morphology of the obtained samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), respectively. The loose [Formula: see text] polycrystalline precursor was then hot pressed to dense bulk sample. The subsequent transport and magnetic properties measurements reveal the ferromagnetic Curie temperature at the magnetic transition near 128 K. These results suggest that the magnetic transition in [Formula: see text] is susceptible to the preparation conditions and the microstructure of the samples.
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36

Leszczyński, Rafał. "Jan Paweł II a Serbja, Gerat Wornar i Rafael Ledźbor (eds.), Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyśin 2005." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 24 (March 13, 2023): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2007.24.56.

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37

K., Surendar, Rajkumar P., Balachandran V., and Sasikumar K. "Spectroscopic Studies (FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM) and Elemental Analysis (XPS) on Sedimentary Rocks of Pachamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 18, no. 17 (2025): 1321–34. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v18i17.311.

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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong>&nbsp;To investigate the presence of minerals and elements in sedimentary rocks of Pachamalai hills which is located in Tamil Nadu state, South India by suitable spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM and XPS.&nbsp;<strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;The FTIR technique has been carried out to identify the minerals and XRD analysis is made for confirmation of identified minerals. EDX with SEM used to determine the surface structure, internal morphology and superficial elemental profile. XPS technique could be used in line profiling of the elemental composition across the surface or in-depth profiling when paired with ion etching.&nbsp;<strong>Findings:</strong>&nbsp;The minerals such as Quartz, Calcite, Cristobalite, Gibbsite, Goethite, Halloysite, Hectorite, Illite, Kaolinite, Lepidocrocite, Microline Feldspar, Montmorillonite, Nacrite, Organic Compound, Palygorskite, Sepiolite, and Siderite are identified. The minerals were identified from the IR absorption band of the location of different peaks. This study demonstrates the Nature of Crystallinity, which was calculated by Crystalline Index of the Rock cementation in elevation wise from Top to Bottom are discussed. The EDX with SEM and XPS gives detailed availability of elements in the middle site of the hill.&nbsp;<strong>Novelty:</strong>&nbsp;The crystalline nature of the hills revealed in non-uniform pattern, this property randomly varies (0.63 &ndash; 1.39) in almost all the locations. Their elemental composition is measured in EDX and XPS as well. From EDX results the atomic weight percentage of elements are C &ndash; 23.43%, O &ndash; 52.24%, Na &ndash; 0.86%, Mg &ndash; 0.74%, Al &ndash; 7.29%, Si &ndash; 11.4%, S &ndash; 0.07%, K &ndash; 0.27%, Ca -1.4%, Ti &ndash; 0.11%, Fe &ndash; 2.12% and Cu &ndash; 0.08%. XPS results revealed O 1s - 58.2%, C 1s - 24.1%, Si 2p - 13.0%, Fe 2p3 &ndash; 4.8%, Mg 2s, Ca 2p, K 2p and S 2p are less than 1%. <strong>Keywords:</strong> FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM, XPS, Nature of crystallinity
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38

Adamczyk, Dariusz Jarosław. "Współczesne wyzwania teologii pastoralnej, ed. R. Chałupniak, J. Kostorz, Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego UO, Opole 2016." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 2019(40), no. 3 (2019): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2019.3.19.

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39

Erić, Suzana. "The application and limitations of the SEM-EDS method in food and textile technologies." Advanced Technologies 6, no. 2 (2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh1702005e.

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40

Miler, Miloš. "SEM/EDS characterisation of dusty deposits in precipitation and assessment of their origin." Geologija 57, no. 1 (2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2014.001.

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41

AKMAN, Melek, Sema BELLİ, Keziban OLCAY, and Betül ÖZÇOPUR. "The Effect of Boric Acid on Root Dentin Mineral Content and Bond Strength of AH-Plus: A SEM-EDX Study." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 22, no. 1 (2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/dentalsci.2015-46776.

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42

Xiong, Jian, Kai Liu, Anjie Fei, Lei Yu, Guodong Jiang, and Songdong Yuan. "Preparation and Characterization of Ag/Ti2Nb10O29 Composite Microspheres Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nano 15, no. 05 (2020): 2050061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500617.

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Silver-coated Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] composite microspheres were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method with a subsequent post-annealing treatment. Effect of the coating Ag nanoparticles on the electrochemical properties was extensively studied. The XRD pattern shows that high purity Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] was formed and no impurity phases are observed. Moreover, SEM, XPS and EDX clearly revealed that Ag nanoparticles were combined on the surface area of formed Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] microspheres. The electrochemical performance of the Ag/Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] composite microspheres was characterized via cyclic voltammograms (CV) measurements. The CV curves indicate that the coating Ag nanoparticles minimize the polarization of pristine Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]. The EIS indicates that the excellent rate capability of Ag/Ti2Nb[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] composite microspheres can be ascribed to the improved electronic conductivity due to the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles.
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43

Jeong, Moon-Heon, Ju-Ho Lee, Jeong-Kun Yoo, Gang-Woo Lee, and Byung-Hyun Shon. "Characterization of inorganic materials in industrial waste and RDF using SEM-EDS." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 10, no. 10 (2009): 2786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2009.10.10.2786.

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44

Hwang, Kyu-Sung, Woo-Hwan An, and Jeong-Lae Kim. "Morphology and Chemical Composition Analysis of Human Cremated Ash by SEM/EDS." Journal of the convergence on culture technology 1, no. 2 (2015): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17703/jcct.2015.1.2.65.

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45

Yongkang, Liu, Liu Shirong, Wan Guangquan, Zhou Lindi, Li Jilian, and Lu Fangqiong. "A Study on the Occurrence of Gold in Unoxidized Carlin-Type Ores in China Using AEM, SEM-EDX and SXRF." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 2 (1990): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100135678.

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The knowledge about the occurrence of gold is essential both to the explanation for the genesis of gold mineralization in its deposits and to the evaluation and exploration or even smelt process of its ores. It has been well known that the gold occurrence in the Carlin-type ores still remains a difficult question to be answered because of the tiny scale of its locality and its very low content.This paper reports the results of our analysis on some gold bearing minerals in the Carlin-type ores discovered during recent years in China with combined use of analytical electron microscopy (AEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and synchrotron X ray flourescence analysis (SXRF) techniques as following:(1) Some gold occurred as submicron size grains in the ores (see Photo 1-4 and Figure 1-3) with grain size generally less than 0.2 micron.(2) It has been found by AEM and SEM-EDX observation and SXRF analysis that gold occurred as micrograins embedded in the boundaries of clay or quartz minerals rather than, as said, entered the lattice or adhered as a covering film to the surface of clay minerals (see Figure 4).
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46

Bahari, A., A. Ramzannezhad, D. Shajari, and H. Najafi. "Nanostructural and electrical properties of LA0.5SR0.5CoO3." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 04 (2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217500151.

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A group of ABO3 perovskite-type oxides is currently under intensive studies for their potential as chemical sensing, ferroelectric memories, gas separation and computer devices. This group includes La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]CoO3 (LSCO). In the present work, we have synthesized LSCO samples by using the sol–gel method and studied their nano structural and electrical properties with using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Current density–voltage ([Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. We synthesized nanoparticles with diameters between 50 and 100 nm by calcination of the pulverized gel powders, and then studied its structure. The band gap characteristics of the La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]CoO3 structure were also analyzed. The obtained results show that La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]CoO3 with favorable carrier mobility ([Formula: see text] cm2v[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]) and dielectric constant (16) exhibits a variety of interesting physical properties which include ferroelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric behavior.
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47

MEYDANERI TEZEL, F., B. SAATÇI, M. ARI, S. DURMUŞ ACER, and E. ALTUNER. "STRUCTURAL, SURFACE AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF Sn–Ag ALLOYS." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 03 (2017): 1750033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500330.

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The structural, surface and transport properties of Sn–Ag alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), radial heat flow, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four-point probe techniques. We observed that the samples had tetragonal crystal symmetry except for the pure Ag sample which had cubic crystal symmetry, and with the addition of Ag the cell parameters increased slightly. Smooth surfaces with a clear grain boundary for the samples were shown on the SEM micrographs. The grain sizes of pure Ag, [Formula: see text]-Sn and the formed Ag3Sn intermetallic compound phase for Sn–[Formula: see text] wt.% Ag [[Formula: see text], 3.5] binary alloys were determined to be 316[Formula: see text]nm, between 92[Formula: see text]nm and 80[Formula: see text]nm and between 36[Formula: see text]nm and 34[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. The values of electrical resistivity for pure Sn, pure Ag and Sn–[Formula: see text] wt.% Ag [[Formula: see text], 3.5] were obtained to be [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m at the temperature range of 300–450[Formula: see text]K, respectively. Thermal conductivity values of pure Sn and Sn–[Formula: see text] wt.% Ag [[Formula: see text], 3.5] binary alloys were found to be 60.60[Formula: see text]3.75, 69.00[Formula: see text]4.27 and 84.60[Formula: see text]5.24[Formula: see text]W/Km. These values slightly decreased with increasing temperature and increase with increasing of the Ag composition. Additionally, the temperature coefficients of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity and the Lorenz numbers were calculated.
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48

Alyafaee, Marwan. "Troublesome Knowledge and Liminality in ELT Threshold Concepts: A mirror reflecting how knowledge is processed on the minds of students." Studies in Educational Management 14 (August 2023): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/sem.2023.14.05.

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Troublesome knowledge, being an essential characteristic of threshold concepts, emerges when university students find it too difficult to understand concepts. According to Perkins (2006), the causes of concepts becoming troublesome are when they are perceived ritual, inert, conceptually difficult, alien and/or tacit. As a result, students crossing a threshold concept go through the liminality of four modes of variation, which are preliminal, liminal, postliminal and subliminal (Land &amp; Meyer, 2010; Meyer &amp; Land, 2003, 2006a). Interestingly, investigating troublesome knowledge in tertiary disciplines reveals how students cognitively interact with concepts within the subject matter of a discipline. The aim of this paper, based on a mixed method EdD research study, is to focus on what concepts ELT Omani student teachers perceived as troublesome knowledge, how they processed troublesome knowledge and what types of strategies they used to overcome troublesome knowledge. The findings revealed a huge variety of different concepts that were perceived as troublesome knowledge. They also showed that the strategies of asking others to help, asking my teachers to help and reading more about the concepts were the three top strategies ELT Omani student teachers used.
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49

Alyafaee, Marwan. "Troublesome Knowledge and Liminality in ELT Threshold Concepts: A Mirror Reflecting How Knowledge is Processed on the Minds of Students." Studies in Educational Management 14 (July 15, 2023): 42–59. https://doi.org/10.32038/sem.2023.14.05.

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Abstract:
Troublesome knowledge, being an essential characteristic of threshold concepts, emerges when university students find it too difficult to understand concepts. According to Perkins (2006), the causes of concepts becoming troublesome are when they are perceived ritual, inert, conceptually difficult, alien and/or tacit. As a result, students crossing a threshold concept go through the liminality of four modes of variation, which are preliminal, liminal, postliminal and subliminal (Land &amp; Meyer, 2010; Meyer &amp; Land, 2003, 2006a). Interestingly, investigating troublesome knowledge in tertiary disciplines reveals how students cognitively interact with concepts within the subject matter of a discipline. The aim of this paper, based on a mixed method EdD research study, is to focus on what concepts ELT Omani student teachers perceived as troublesome knowledge, how they processed troublesome knowledge and what types of strategies they used to overcome troublesome knowledge. The findings revealed a huge variety of different concepts that were perceived as troublesome knowledge. They also showed that the strategies of asking others to help, asking my teachers to help and reading more about the concepts were the three top strategies ELT Omani student teachers used.
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50

Lourduraj, S., and R. Victor Williams. "Structural and Optical Characterization of Synthesized TiO2 Nanopowder Using Sol–Gel Technique." International Journal of Nanoscience 15, no. 01n02 (2016): 1650002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500022.

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The nanocrystalline TiO2 powder was synthesized by sol–gel method. The XRD analysis reveals that TiO2 powder was highly crystalline (anatase phase) and nanostructured with tetragonal system. The average crystallite size after calcined at 673[Formula: see text]K is found to be 7.7[Formula: see text]nm. The surface morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibit that the formation of nanosized TiO2 particles with less densification nature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography exhibits the uniform distribution of spherical-shaped particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the presence of Titanium and Oxygen in synthesized TiO2 nanopowder. The value of optical bandgap of TiO2 nanopowder calculated from UV-Visible spectrum is 3.45[Formula: see text]eV. The presence of TiO2 particles is confirmed from the dominant fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peaks at 621[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] and 412[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text].
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