Relevant bibliographies by topics / Semantic and syntactic comparisons

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Academic literature on the topic 'Semantic and syntactic comparisons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

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Ly Ngoc Toan. "Meaning-text Theory for Cross-linguistic Comparisons: A Study on Typological Investigations." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 11 (2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.11.7x.

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This study explores the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT henceforth) and its application in cross-linguistic comparisons for typological investigations. MTT models the correspondence between meanings and their textual expressions, adopting a stratificational approach with semantic, syntactic, morphological, and phonological representation levels. A qualitative approach analyzes and compares the semantic, syntactic, and morphological structures across typologically diverse languages using the formal representations of MTT, including semantic networks, syntactic trees, lexical functions, and paraphrasing rules. MTT effectively facilitates cross-linguistic comparisons and typological investigations by capturing language-specific patterns and highlighting similarities and differences across languages at various linguistic representation levels. The findings contribute to understanding language typology and variation. MTT provides a principled approach to modeling and analyzing linguistic data across diverse languages, applicable in areas like natural language processing, machine translation, language learning, and documentation.
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Fuchs, Catherine, Nathalie Fournier, and Pierre Le Goffic. "Structures à subordonnée comparative en français." Les structures comparatives du français: Des bases de données aux corpus 31, no. 1 (2008): 11–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.31.1.03fuc.

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This article deals with syntactic and semantic representation of comparative structures in French. We propose an analysis of quantitative comparatives (plus, moins, aussi … que) and qualitative comparatives (comme) which highlights their common properties as well as their specificities. The first section (§ 1) offers a syntactic typology of matrix clause structures and (comparative) subordinate clause structures. The following sections consider the various aspects of semantic representations, as related to syntactic structures : we successively deal with (§ 2.) the type of parameter, (§ 3.) the type of differential constituant in the subordinate clause, (§ 4.) the type of parallel constituant in the matrix clause (with restitution of ellipses and anaphora), (§ 5.) the type of compared terms, by contrasting quantitative comparisons and qualitative comparison, and (§ 6.) the type of comparison, accounting for prototypical structures as well as for pragmatic effects induced by certain configurations.
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Loeb, Diane Frome, Clifton Pye, Lori Zobel Richardson, and Sean Redmond. "Causative Alternations of Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 5 (1998): 1103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4105.1103.

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Alternating verbs to indicate or to relinquish cause requires an understanding of semantic and syntactic knowledge. This study evaluated the ability of children with specific language impairment (SLI) to produce the causative alternation in comparison to age peers and to language peers. The children with SLI were proficient in lexically alternating verbs, yet provided fewer passive and periphrastic constructions and more different verbs and adjectival responses. Overgeneralization error data suggest that the semantic systems of some children with SLI were similar to their age comparisons. Individual differences within the SLI group suggested that some children were adept at providing syntactic responses and overgeneralizations, whereas some of the SLI group provided less mature responses of no alternations and no responses. These findings demonstrate a syntactic deficit in the causative alternation for some children with SLI.
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González Orta, Marta María. "The syntax and semantics interface of present-day and Old English speech verbs : say and tell versus secgan and tellan." Journal of English Studies 3 (May 29, 2002): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.70.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the syntax-semantics interface of the Old English speech verbs secgan and tellan, and the Present-day English speech verbs say and tell, respectively, in order to show the differences in each language when linking their syntactic and semantic representations. In this analysis the concept of lexical template has been applied as a lexical representation which includes syntactic and semantic information within the same format and allows us to capture linguistic regularities. Moreover, taking into account the syntactic alternations of these verbs a comparison between them will be established in terms of the degree of semantic prototypicality that they show within their respective domains and with respect to their transitivity
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М., С. Заоборна. "СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ СКЛАДНОПІДРЯДНИХ ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИХ РЕЧЕНЬ В ІДІОЛЕКТІ МАРКА ВОВЧКА". Лінгвістичні дослідження, № 45 (19 червня 2017): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.814061.

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<em>Pure syntactic, semantic and syntactic and pure syntactic features of subordinate comparative clauses as extrapolated on Marko Vovchok’s idiolect have been observed in the article. The topicality of such an approach is connected with the realization of the fact that, on the one hand, syntactic system of a language is the result of stabilizing of certain types of speech models which function in the text, and on the other hand, that typical features of a certain syntactic structure are highlighted and varied according to the individual and creative manner of the writer. The goal of the article is to realize the relevance of subordinate comparative clauses of the literary text of Marko Vovchok for the characteristics of the linguistic personality of the mentioned writer. According to the goal the following tasks have been set: to observe general linguistic systemic features of subordinate comparative structures in the texts written by Marko Vovchok; to actualize on the background individual author’s dominating features mentioned above; to define the peculiarity of the writer’s style in constructing complex comparisons. As a result of the investigation the following features of comparative technique typical of Marko Vovchok’s idiolect: the use of usual as well as folk-conversational semantic comparative tools of subordination; the use of deictic particle in the contact pre-position concerning the comparative conjunctions; preference of asymmetric sentences of unreal comparison complicated by the relation of hypothetic cause; anthropic character of situations (connected by the comparative relation) which are reproduced in the main and subordinate clauses. Carried out conclusions predetermine the understanding of complex subordinate comparative sentences as lingual markers of linguistic personality of Marko Vovchok on the background of defining the principles of functioning of such structures in the texts written by other authors.</em>
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Kuperberg, G. R., P. K. McGuire, E. T. Bullmore, et al. "Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic, and Syntactic Processing of Spoken Sentences: An fMRI Study." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, no. 2 (2000): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900562138.

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Extracting meaning from speech requires the use of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information. A central question is: Does the processing of these different types of linguistic information have common or distinct neuroanatomical substrates? We addressed this issue using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activity when subjects listened to spoken normal sentences contrasted with sentences that had either (A) pragmatical, (B) semantic (selection restriction), or (C) syntactic (subcategorical) violations sentences. All three contrasts revealed robust activation of the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus. Activity in this area was also observed in a combined analysis of all three experiments, suggesting that it was modulated by all three types of linguistic violation. Planned statistical comparisons between the three experiments revealed (1) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the left-superior-temporal gyrus for the pragmatic experiment than the semantic/syntactic experiments; (2) a greater difference between conditions in activation of the right-superior and middletemporal gyrus in the semantic experiment than in the syntactic experiment; and (3) no regions activated to a greater degree in the syntactic experiment than in the semantic experiment. These data show that, while left- and right-superior-temporal regions may be differentially involved in processing pragmatic and lexico-semantic information within sentences, the left-inferior-temporal/fusiform gyrus is involved in processing all three types of linguistic information. We suggest that this region may play a key role in using pragmatic, semantic (selection restriction), and subcategorical information to construct a higher representation of meaning of sentences.
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Vysotskaya, Irina V. "Interuniversity scientific seminar “Transient phenomena in language and speech,” in memoriam of Professor Vera Vassilyevna Babaytseva (Kolomna, February 10, 2021)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2021): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/76/25.

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This review provides the summaries of reports presented in the scientific seminar “Transient phenomena in language and speech” dedicated to the memory of Professor Vera Vassilyevna Babaytseva, which was held online on the digital platform of the State University of Humanities and Social Studies (Kolomna, Russia). The seminar included a presentation of a paper by Babaytseva on the syntactic functions of the pronouns ty and vy that remained unpublished during the author’s lifetime. Also, a number of reports on topical issues of the Russian syntax were presented: the functioning of stable comparisons svetlo kak dnem and temno kak noch’yu in the structure of an impersonal sentence; the semantics and syntactics of predicatives vidno and slyshno in a complex sentence with complement clauses; performative inseparable utterances; variability in language and speech in correlation with the concept of “norm” when related to the word as a lexical or syntactical system unit; the contrast of the conditional-temporal logical-grammatical model (N1 - eto kogda ...) and the explanatory one (N1/Pron - eto pro N4). The information on the works of recent years implementing the ideas of the structural-semantic direction of modern Russian studies was introduced at the seminar.
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Kuibida, Khrystyna. "SOME MAIN CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF AN ADJECTIVE (ON THE MATERIAL OF." Grail of Science, no. 39 (May 21, 2024): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.10.05.2024.060.

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The article examines the basic properties of adjectives as an independent class of words on the basis of various theoretical positions existing in the linguistic literature, and interprets key linguistic terms and concepts. The research emphasizes that the analysis of adjectives as a distinct part of speech can be conducted based on different criteria, including semantics, key morphological features, syntactical considerations, and word-formation peculiarities. So, this article delves into the historical, semantic, and grammatical aspects of adjectives, particularly within the context of the Greek language. It begins by tracing the linguistic traditions surrounding adjective studies, from antiquity to modern times, highlighting the evolution of the concept of adjectives as a distinct part of speech. The article explores various linguistic traditions' classifications of adjectives and their roles within different morphological schools. In terms of semantics, the article clarifies the categorical meaning of adjectives, emphasizing their attributiveness and their ability to express static qualities of objects. It outlines the distinction between primary and secondary adjectives, explains their formation and semantic nuances. Furthermore, the article delves into the semantics of derivative adjectives, including qualitative, relative, and possessive adjectives, and explicates their lexical motivation and compositional nuances. Grammatically, the article describes the morphological and syntactic properties of adjectives, focusing on their agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case. It discusses the semantic-grammatical category of comparison and explores the syntactic functions of adjectives as attributive and predicative elements within sentences. Additionally, the article examines the position of adjectives relative to nouns in Ancient Greek, highlighting their syntactic independence from their position. The main points are supported by many illustrative examples based on the Greek language.
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Hong, Zhang. "Features of Syntactic Realization of Russian-Chinese Verbs of Emotional Attitude." Philology & Human, no. 4 (December 14, 2024): 95–108. https://doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2024)4-07.

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This article is devoted to the comparative description of the deep semantics of the verb Любить2 and its corresponding Chinese analogues xi huan/ai2. These lexemes are high-frequency verbs of emotional attitude in Russian and Chinese, they have the same interpretations, which contain deep semantic valencies: Experiencer, Patient and Stimulus (or Reason). In the article, by means of interlingual comparison of the semantics and syntax of these lexemes, similarities and differences between languages at the micro level are revealed. It is noted that due to different characteristics of speech functioning, the deep semantic valencies of the analyzed lexemes of the Russian and Chinese languages have different syntactic realizations in the surface structure, the description of which is the main content of the study. The presented comparative study can contribute to a deeper description of the semantic features of the compared languages, as well as syntactic realizations of deep semantic roles. The study may be useful for understanding the emotional culture of the Russian and Chinese peoples, and contribute to describing the common and different in this area. The results of the study may also be useful in the field of teaching Russian as a foreign language to the Chinese audience.
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Xiong, Yixuan. "A Study on "Directional Noun + を + 見る" in Japanese: Focusing on Its Semantic Functions". International Theory and Practice in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, № 2 (2025): 248–57. https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i2.247.

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This paper focuses on the particularities of the Japanese construction "Directional Noun + を + 見る," and the semantic features of the verb "見る" within this construction. First, the particularities of this construction is analyzed from two perspectives: its semantic distinctiveness and syntactic distinctiveness. Regarding semantics, the paper clarifies how the meaning of "Directional Noun + を + 見る" differs from that of "General Noun + を + 見る," emphasizing that the former primarily indicates the direction of gaze with weak intention to obtain visual information. As for syntactic distinctiveness, a comparison with other world languages reveals that, in Japanese, the verbal phrase remains unchanged while the nominal phrase undergoes modification. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on the event complexity, momentariness and continuity, transitional nature to motion verbs, and event suddenness of the verb "見る" to highlight the semantic features of the construction "Directional Noun + を + 見る."
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

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Wang, Tiexin. "A study to define an automatic model transformation approach based on semantic and syntactic comparisons." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0015/document.

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Les modèles sont de plus en plus utilisés que ce soit pour la description d’un point de vue d’un système complexe ou pour l’échange d’information. Cependant, le partage d’information, le transfert d’information d’un modèle à un autre est aujourd’hui une problématique liée à l’interopérabilité des systèmes. Cette problématique peut être abordée selon trois approches : intégrée (tous les modèles identiques), unifiée (tous les modèles font référence à un modèle pivot), fédérée (pas de règles précises sur les modèles). Bien que des standards existent, ils sont rarement respectés avec rigueur. L’approche fédérée semble par conséquent l’approche la plus réaliste. Cependant, cette approche est complexe car les différents modèles, bien que comportant des concepts communs, peuvent avoir une structure et un vocabulaire très hétérogène pour décrire le même concept. Par conséquent, il faut identifier les concepts communs des différents modèles avant de définir les règles de transformation permettant de passer d’un format à un autre. Cette thèse propose une méthodologie permettant d’atteindre ces objectifs, elle se base d’une part sur la proposition d’un méta-méta-modèle permettant d’unifier la description de la structure des modèles, i.e. le méta-modèle, et d’autre part sur le calcul de distance entre chaque élément des modèles qui permettront de déduire les règles de transformation. Cette mesure de distance reflète la distance à la fois syntaxique, écritures différentes d’un même terme, ainsi que sémantique liée à l’utilisation de synonyme. La recherche de synonyme est basée sur l’utilisation de base de connaissance, représentée sous forme d’ontologie, tel que WordNet<br>The models are increasingly used both for the description of a view of a complex system or for information exchange. However, to share the information, transferring information from one model to another is an issue related to the interoperability of systems now. This problem can be approached in three ways: integrated (all identical models), unified (all models refer to a pivot model), federated (no specific rules on the models). Although standards exist, they are rarely respected rigorously. The federated approach therefore seems to be the most realistic approach. However, because of the different models, this approach is complicated. Models can have a very heterogeneous structure and different vocabulary to describe the same concept. Therefore, we must identify the common concepts of different models before defining the transformation rules for transforming from one format to another. This thesis proposes a methodology to achieve these goals. It is partly based on the proposal of a meta-meta-model (to unify the description of the model structure), i.e. the meta-model, and secondly calculating the distance between each element of models to deduce the transformation rules. This distance reflecting both syntactic distance (words occurrence) and semantic relation that related to the synonymous. Researching synonym relation is based on the use of knowledge base, represented as ontology, such as WordNet
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Truppi, Chiara [Verfasser], Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Krifka, and Alain [Akademischer Betreuer] Kihm. "Bare nouns among and beyond creoles : a syntactic-semantic study of Kriyol Bare Noun Phrases based on a crosslinguistic comparison and the theoretical implications / Chiara Truppi. Gutachter: Manfred Krifka ; Alain Kihm." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075541271/34.

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Nastase, Viviana A. "Semantic relations across syntactic levels." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29147.

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In order to make sense of a message conveyed to us via a spoken or written utterance, we understand what things are talked about, and how they are connected. From this point of view, do these sentences convey different messages? (1) I will arrive at 11 am. and I will arrive when you arrive. (2) I will meet you in the office. and I will meet you where we met last time. (3) Sweets before dinner spoil your appetite. and (4) Eating sweets before dinner spoils your appetite. I will arrive at a certain point in time: at 11 am., or when you arrive. I will meet you at a certain place: in the office, or where we met last time. We can talk about sweets and mean eating sweets. Literature review suggests that the relations exemplified by these pairs of sentences are different, because they connect different types of syntactic units. The first relation in each pair connects a verb and one of its arguments, the second---two clauses. Such distinctions are artificial. Semantic relations link concepts, and will surface on the syntactic level on which the concepts they connect surface. We aim to give an account of semantic relations that does not depend on syntactic levels. We will justify a unified view of semantic relations across syntactic levels. Such a view has a positive effect on text analysis. It will allow us to gather evidence for a particular semantic relation from all levels at which it appears. Having such information that is not separated according to syntactic levels will allow a text analysis and knowledge acquisition system to use at each processing step, all the evidence previously gathered. We will show that this translates into faster learning and better results. We can take semantic relation analysis onto another level. We can look for descriptions of concepts connected by a specific semantic relation to find what characteristics or features of the concepts connected make them interact in this way. (1) blue book, happy person, interesting study; (2) paper bag, wooden chair, iron gate; (3) oak tree, cumulus cloud, flounder fish. Blue, happy, interesting are properties, and paper, wood, iron are materials. Oak is a specific type of tree, cumulus is a type of cloud, and flounder is a type of fish. We will use ontologies to find similarities between concepts that explain or give us indications about the semantic relations in which they are involved. All these aspects we explore serve to improve text analysis. We propose a uniform processing of texts that allows us to extracts pairs of concepts that interact, and to describe this interaction through semantic relations.
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Paisey, Lorraine. "Entailment : semantic and syntactic approaches." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327882.

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This thesis gives an account of the nature of entailment through consideration of the role which semantics and syntax have to play in logical theory. This is done in two parts. The first part deals with a class of non-formal logical relations arising from the use of determinate predicates. The second deals with the core of relevance logic and with natural deduction systems of logic and their semantic counterparts. In this part, a philosophical analysis of the concept of normalisability is given, and the significance of transitivity for logic is discussed. The failure of the Lewis proof of B from A & -A is analysed, this analysis giving rise to the notion of suasive power as the key to our understanding of entailment. It is concluded that entailment is to be understood through proper appreciation of its role in clarifying commitments inherent in sets of statements and in particular in revealing contradictions where these occur. For a full account of entailment, both semantically based and syntactically based concepts are necessary.
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Lluís, Xavier. "Joint parsing of syntactic and semantic dependencies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316397.

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Syntactic Dependency Parsing and Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) are two main problems in Natural Language Understanding. Both tasks are closely related and can be regarded as parsing on top of a given sequence. In the data-driven approach context, these tasks are typically addressed sequentially by a pipeline of classifiers. A syntactic parser is run in the first stage, and then given the predicates, the semantic roles are identified and classified (Gildea and Jurafsky, 2002). An appealing and largely unexplored idea is to jointly process syntactic dependencies and semantic roles. A joint process could capture some interactions that pipeline systems are unable to model. We expect joint models to improve on syntax based on semantic cues and also the reverse. Despite this potential advantage and the interest in joint processing stimulated by the CoNLL-2008 and 2009 Shared Tasks (Surdeanu et al., 2008; Hajic et al., 2009), very few joint models have been proposed to date, few have achieved attention and fewer have obtained competitive results. This thesis presents three contributions on this topic. The first contribution is to frame semantic role labeling as a linear assignment task. Under this framework we avoid assigning repeated roles to the arguments of a predicate. Our proposal follows previous work on enforcing constraints on the SRL analysis (Punyakanok et al., 2004; Surdeanu et al., 2007). But in our case, we enforce only a relevant subset of these constraints. We solve this problem with the efficient O(n^3) Hungarian algorithm. Our next contributions will rely on this assignment framework. The second contribution of this thesis is a joint model that combines syntactic parsing and SRL (Lluís et al., 2013). We solve it by using dual-decomposition techniques. A strong point of our model is that it generates a joint solution relying on largely unmodified syntactic and SRL parsers. We train each component independently and the dual-decomposition method finds the optimal joint solution at decoding time. Our model has some optimality and efficiency guarantees. We show experiments comparing the pipeline and joint approaches on different test sets extracted from the CoNLL-2009 Shared Task. We observe some improvements both in syntax and semantics when our syntactic component is a first-order parser. Our results for the English language are competitive with respect to other state-of-the-art joint proposals such as Henderson et al., (2013). The third contribution of this thesis is a model that finds semantic roles together with syntactic paths linking predicates and arguments (Lluís et al., 2014). We frame SRL as a shortest-path problem. Our method instead of conditioning over complete syntactic paths is based on the assumption that paths can be factorized. We rely on this factorization to efficiently solve our problem. The approach represents a novel way of exploiting syntactic variability in SRL. In experiments we observe improvements in the robustness of classifiers.<br>L'anàlisi sintàctica de dependències i l'etiquetatge de rols semàntics són dues tasques principals dins el camp del Processament del Llenguatge Natural. Aquestes dues tasques estan estretament relacionades i poden considerar-se de manera genèrica com la construcció d'una anàlisi a partir d'una seqüència donada. En el context de les aproximacions basades en grans volums de dades, les dues tasques es tracten habitualment de manera seqüencial mitjançant una sèrie de classificadors en cadena. Un analitzador sintàctic s'aplica en primer lloc i a continuació i donats un predicats, els rols semàntics són identificats i classificats (Gildea i Jurafsky, 2002). Processar conjuntament les dependències sintàctiques i els rols semàntics és una idea que pot resultar atractiva però que tot i això s'ha explorat poc. Un procés conjunt podria capturar algunes interaccions que els sistemes seqüencials són incapaços de modelar. En un model conjunt esperem que la semàntica ens proporcioni pistes per tal de millorar la sintaxi així com també que es produeixin millores en el sentit contrari. Tot i aquests avantatges potencials i l'interès en els models conjunts que va despertar la tasca compartida de les "Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning" (CoNLL) 2008 i 2009 (Surdeanu et al., 2008; Hajic et al., 2009) fins al dia d'avui s'han proposat pocs models conjunts, pocs d'aquests han aconseguit tenir un ampli ressò i encara menys han presentat resultats competitius. La tesi presenta tres contribucions en aquest camp. La primera contribució és modelar l'etiquetatge de rols semàntics com un problema d'assignació lineal. Sota aquest marc evitem assignar rols repetits als arguments d'un predicat. Aquesta proposta va en la línia del treball previ sobre aplicació de restriccions en l'etiquetatge de rols semàntics (Punyakanok et al., 2004; Surdeanu et al., 2007). En el nostre cas però, apliquem només un subconjunt de les restriccions més rellevants presentades en treballs anteriors. El problema de l'assignació el resolem amb l'eficient algorisme Hongarès O(n^3). Les següents contribucions d'aquesta tesi utilitzen aquest mateix marc basat en l'assignació. La segona contribució de la tesi és un model conjunt que combina l'anàlisi sintàctica amb l'etiquetatge de rols semàntics (Lluís et al., 2013). Resolem aquest problema utilitzant el mètode anomenat "dual decomposition". Un punt destacable del nostre model és que genera la solució conjunta basant-se en analitzadors sintàctics i de rols semàntics pràcticament sense modificar. Entrenem cada component per separat i el mètode de "dual decomposition" ens permet obtenir la solució conjunta òptima durant la fase descodificació. El nostre model presenta algunes garanties d'optimalitat i eficiència. Mostrem experiments comparant les aproximacions seqüencials i conjuntes amb diferents conjunts de dades extrets de la tasca compartida del CoNLL-2009. Hem observat algunes millores tant en sintaxi com en semàntica en els casos en que el nostre component sintàctic és un analitzador de primer ordre. Els resultats que obtenim per a l'anglès són competitius respecte a altres sistemes conjunts de l'estat de l'art tals com Henderson et al. (2013). La tercera contribució de la tesi és un model que cerca rols semàntics juntament amb camins sintàctics que relacionen els predicats amb els seus arguments (Lluís et al., 2014). Considerem l'etiquetatge de rols com un problema de camins mínims. El nostre mètode enlloc de condicionar sobre camins sintàctics complets, es basa en l'assumpció que els camins poden ser factoritzats. Aquesta factorització és la que ens permet solucionar el problema de manera eficient. Aquesta aproximació representa una nova manera d'explotar variabilitat sintàctica durant l'etiquetatge de rols semàntics. En els experiments observem millores en la robustesa dels classificadors.
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Devick, Jane F. "Narrative comprehension: semantic and syntactic summary production." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2784.

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The purpose of this research was to examine from a syntactic and narrative structure perspective two narrative summary types: a summary with a length constraint and an unconstrained summary. In addition, this research served to develop a multidimensional theory of narrative comprehension. College freshmen read two short stories written by written by Sake and were asked to write a constrained summary for one text and an unconstrained summary for the other text. Following this the subjects completed a metacognitive questionnaire. The summaries were analyzed to examine transitivity features and narrative structure features. The metacognitive questionnaires were examined to extract information about plot structure, differences between one and two episode stories, and to gain insight into the strategies used by subjects in producing both summary types. A Paired t- test conducted on the data found that there was a significant transitivity feature mean difference between a constrained summary and an unconstrained summary indicating that the number of transitivity features produced from each summary type were task dependent. Chi-square tests conducted on the data found that there were proportional differences in usage between plot features and thematic abstract units in an unconstrained summary and a constrained summary indicating that plot features and thematic abstract units produced from each summary type were task dependent. Qualitative analyses indicated that setting, goal, and resolution are typical within plot organization, there are summary production differences between one and two episode narratives, and subjects do not seem to be aware of summary production strategies. The results of this research have implications for comprehension and writing instruction.
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Billingsley, Richard John. "Deep Learning for Semantic and Syntactic Structures." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12825.

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Deep machine learning has enjoyed recent success in vision and speech-to-text tasks, using deep multi-layered neural networks. They have obtained remarkable results particularly where the internal representation of the task is unclear. In parsing, where the structure of syntax is well studied and understood from linguistics, neural networks have so far not performed so well. State-of-the-art parsers use a tree-based graphical model that requires a large number of equivalent classes to represent each parse node and its phrase label. A recursive neural network (RNN) parser has been developed that works well on short sentences, but falls short of the state-of-the-art results on longer sentences. This thesis aims to investigate deep learning and improve parsing by examining how neural networks could perform state-of-the-art parsing by comparison with PCFG parsers. We hypothesize that a neural network could be configured to implement an algorithm parallel to PCFG parsers, and examine their suitability to this task from an analytic perspective. This highlights a missing term that the RNN parser is unable to model, and we identify the role of this missing term in parsing. We finally present two methods to improve the RNN parser by building upon the analysis in earlier chapters, one using an iterative process similar to belief propagation that yields a 0.38% improvement and another replacing the scoring method with a deeper neural model yielding a 0.83% improvement. By examining an RNN parser as an exemplar of a deep neural network, we gain insights to deep machine learning and some of the approximations it must make by comparing it with well studied non-neural parsers that achieve state-of-the-art results. In this way, our research provides a better understanding of deep machine learning and a step towards improvements in parsing that will lead to smarter algorithms that can learn more accurate representations of information and the syntax and semantics of text.
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Kurita, Shuhei. "Neural Approaches for Syntactic and Semantic Analysis." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242436.

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McIver, Linda Kathryn 1971. "Syntactic and semantic issues in introductory programming education." Monash University, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8800.

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Martinez-Mascarua, Carlos Mario. "Syntactic and semantic structures in COCOLOG logic control." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ44512.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

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Uriagereka, Juan. Syntactic anchors: On semantic structuring. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Uriagereka, Juan. Syntactic anchors: On semantic structuring. Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Dennis, Kurzon, and Adler Silvia, eds. Adpositions: Pragmatic, semantic and syntactic perspectives. John Benjamins Pub. Company, 2008.

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Diesing, Molly. The syntactic roots of semantic partition. Dept of Lingustics, University of Massachusetts, 1990.

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R, Horn Laurence, and Katō Yasuhiko, eds. Negation and polarity: Syntactic and semantic perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Feigenbaum, Susanne, and Dennis Kurzon, eds. Prepositions in their Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Context. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.50.

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Hung, Tony T. N. Syntactic and semantic aspects of Chinese tone sandhi. Indiana University Linguistics Club Publications, 1989.

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Hung, Tony T. N. Syntactic and semantic aspects of Chinese tone sandhi. Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1989.

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Häcker, Martina. Adverbial clauses in Scots: A semantic-syntactic study. Mouton de Gruyter, 1999.

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Romuald, Huszcza, and Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Naukowe, eds. Finnish case grammar: From the syntactic and semantic perspectives. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

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Winters, Margaret E. "Syntactic and semantic space." In Papers from the 7th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.48.44win.

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Wurmbrand, Susi. "Syntactic versus semantic control." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.53.07wur.

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Ferran, C., X. Giró, F. Marqués, and J. R. Casas. "BPT Enhancement Based on Syntactic and Semantic Criteria." In Semantic Multimedia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11930334_15.

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Rothstein, Susan D. "Syntactic Representation and Semantic Interpretation." In Matters of Intelligence. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3833-5_9.

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Curien, P.-L. "Syntactic equivalences inducing semantic equivalences." In EUROCAL '85. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15984-3_259.

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Jaworski, Wojciech, and Adam Przepiórkowski. "Syntactic Approximation of Semantic Roles." In Advances in Natural Language Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10888-9_20.

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Coheur, Luísa, Nuno Mamede, and Gabriel G. Bès. "ASdeCopas: A Syntactic-Semantic Interface." In Progress in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24580-3_53.

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Donohue, Mark. "Syntactic Roles vs. Semantic Roles." In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.39.20don.

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Spranger, Michael, and Martin Loetzsch. "Syntactic indeterminacy and semantic ambiguity." In Constructional Approaches to Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cal.11.14spr.

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Turbanti, Giacomo. "Syntactic, Semantic, and Pragmatic Rules." In Palgrave Philosophy Today. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12463-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

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Akhter, Lal, Muhammad Taimoor Khan, George Loukas, and Georgia Sakellari. "Towards Integration of Syntactic and Semantic Vulnerability Patterns." In 2024 IEEE 21st International Conference on Software Architecture Companion (ICSA-C). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsa-c63560.2024.00054.

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Guo, Honglei, Bang An, Zhili Guo, and Zhong Su. "Deep Semantic Compliance Advisor for Unstructured Document Compliance Checking." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/613.

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Unstructured document compliance checking is always a big challenge for banks since huge amounts of contracts and regulations written in natural language require professionals' interpretation and judgment. Traditional rule-based or keyword-based methods cannot precisely characterize the deep semantic distribution in the unstructured document semantic compliance checking due to the semantic complexity of contracts and regulations. Deep Semantic Compliance Advisor (DSCA) is an unstructured document compliance checking platform which provides multi-level semantic comparison by deep learning algorithms. In the statement-level semantic comparison, a Graph Neural Network (GNN) based syntactic sentence encoder is proposed to capture the complicate syntactic and semantic clues of the statement sentences. This GNN-based encoder outperforms existing syntactic sentence encoders in deep semantic comparison and is more beneficial for long sentences. In the clause-level semantic comparison, an attention-based semantic relatedness detection model is applied to find the most relevant legal clauses. DSCA significantly enhances the productivity of legal professionals in the unstructured document compliance checking for banks.
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Papa, María Fernanda, Pablo Becker, and Luis Olsina. "Exploring Terminological Consistency of Project Management Glossaries." In Congresso Ibero-Americano em Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2023.24691.

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The present paper deals with an exploratory study on the terminological consistency of four selected project management glossaries. To systematically carry out the study, eight activities were established. Regarding the information consistency sub-characteristic, this work includes a comparison and analysis of both the syntactic and semantic consistency of the terms in the glossaries. To do this, nine terminological categories were conceived for the project area, in which, for each glossary, a given term is included in a category, considering the semantics intended in the definition of the term by the authors. This categorization of terms allows us to comparatively analyze syntactic and semantic similarities, and in turn consistencies and inconsistencies. As a final goal, this study will help us examine our previously developed project ontology and recommend adoptions and adaptations.
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Tebes, Guido, Philip Lew, and Luis Olsina. "Syntactic and Semantic Similarities and Discrepancies between Terms of Glossaries for Software Testing." In Congresso Ibero-Americano em Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2022.20978.

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For software testing, this work performs a comparison and analysis of syntactic and semantic similarities and discrepancies between 3 glossaries. To conduct the study, 8 terminological categories were conceived, which were used to categorize each glossary term, considering the intended semantics. Also, to count the occurrence frequency of a term in the glossaries, a tool was built that also takes into account the matching of synonyms. Then, the analysis of similarities and discrepancies, as well as absent terms for a subset of them, is performed using metrics and expert interpretations. This study identifies several disagreements in standard terminologies that should merit further attention and efforts to promote harmonization amongst the authors/ publishers of these glossaries with the overarching end goal of assisting their readers in learning and understanding the domain of software testing.
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Moon, Hyun-Joo, and Jae-Woo Yoo. "Free-Traversing Syntactic and Semantic Comparison on Semi-Structured Languages." In 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichit.2008.241.

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Svetlozara, Leseva. "‘A “Dipdive” into Motion: Exploring Lexical Resources towards a Comprehensive Semantic and Syntactic Description." In Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria. Institute for Bulgarian Language, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47810/clib.24.33.

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In this paper I illustrate the semantic description of verbs provided in three semantic resources (FrameNet, VerbNet and VerbAtlas) in comparative terms with a view to identifying common and distinct components in their representation and obtaining a preliminary idea of the resources’ interoperability. To this end, I provide a comparison of a small sample of motion verbs aligned with semantic frames and classes in the three resources. I also describe the semantic annotation of Bulgarian motion verbs using the framework defined in the Berkeley FrameNet project and its enrichment with information from the other two resources, which has been enabled by the mapping between: (i) their major semantic units – FrameNet frames, VerbNet classes and VerbAtlas frames, and (ii) their ’building blocks’ – frame elements (FrameNet )and semantic roles (VerbNet, VerbAtlas).
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Gramberg, Vanessa Therese Van, and Dilhara Vithanage. "The Effect of Text Difficulty on Types of Miscues among Proficient, Average and Below Average Readers." In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/utmq5181.

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The aim of this study was to understand the differences in the type of miscues among proficient, average and below average readers as text difficulty increases. It was hypothesised that the percentage of semantic and syntactic cues made by proficient in comparison to average and below average readers will increase as the text difficulty increases. The lack of available literature with regard to reading errors facilitated the designing of this study which could serve as a base to design remedial instruction and intervention tools. A quasi-experimental design was used to investigate this relationship. A sample of hundred and three students (N=103) were recorded while reading four levels of passages with increasing difficulty and miscues were analysed according to the three cueing system. The first level passage was a tested grade appropriate passage which was used to determine if the reader was proficient, average or below average based on their accuracy scores. Results revealed that there was no significant difference across the three cueing system and reading ability. However, it was observed that readers rely on the grapho phonics cueing system when encountered with a difficult word. The findings of this study can be used to design reading instruction and remedial systems. Keywords: Miscue; Grapho-phonics; Semantics; Syntactic
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Dutta, Shuvam. "Case Marking of Rava in Comparison with Bangla." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.8-2.

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Rava, also known as Kochakrew, is a Tibeto-Burmese language mainly spoken at the New Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, India. Bangla/Bengali is an Indo-Aryan Language spoken primarily in India and Bangladesh. Here, language mixing occurs, and within which case beomes a salient phenomenon. Case marking i s traditionally referred as ‘‘a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads’’ (Blake 1994). The present paper aims to investigate how case is formed in both Rava and Bangla. It mainly undertakes a study of case as a nominal inflectional category in Rava and Bangla and accounts for the morphological and syntactic features of case and case marking with special emphasis on their semantic significance.
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Yoo Hak Soo. "Korean Students’ Frequent Errors in Studying Russian Language." In IV Международный научный форум "Наследие". SB RAS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-6049863-1-8-128-133.

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The article is aimed at describing the phonetic, intonation, spelling, lexico-semantic and grammatical errors of Korean students that occur in the process of learning Russian. For the study, the comparison of Russian as the language being studied and the native speaker’s language was conducted. Russian speakers, for example, tend to ignore the correct pronunciation of certain vowels and consonants in the Russian language, which do not exist in the Korean language, and underestimate the role of stress as one of the most important factors of the Russian phonetic system. The present study compares the differences in pronunciation features between Russian and Korean, which affect the frequent errors among Korean students. In the case of teaching Russian outside the language environment, it’s more difficult to correct lexicosemantic and syntactic errors of students than phonetic and morphological errors because of the filter of the native language. If a student is exposed to the Russian language dominant environment, pronunciation and intonation mistakes are corrected naturally in the process of comprehensive communication with native speakers. Thus, the study attempts to describe the difficulties of learning Russian as a foreign language to a Korean student audience. A comparison of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar of Russian and Korean languages is given in examples. Recommendations of theoretical and practical significance for learning Russian will be discussed
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Horváth, Imre, and Junfeng Wang. "Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Multi-Aspect Interaction With Cyber Physical Systems." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47243.

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Interaction with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is a new challenge for system developers and human-system interaction designers, and but also for end-users. Due to the lack of proper insights, there are many unknowns, open issues, and eventually new challenges. For this reason, there is a need for a comprehensive theory that considers all aspects of interaction with CPSs, provides a reasoning framework, and facilitates the implementation of highly interactive CPSs. The research presented in this paper tries to make the first steps in this direction. We are aware of the fact that, in the case of CPSs, system-human interaction and system-system interaction are to be considered besides human-system interaction. Human-system interaction influenced by: (i) the level of interaction, (ii) the intellectual domains of interaction, (iii) the contexts of interaction, and (iv) the modalities of interaction. The proposed theory decomposes these into various constituents and captures the relations among them. Physical, syntactic, semantic, semantic, pragmatic and apobetic levels of interaction are considered in combination with four domains of interaction (perceptive, cognitive, motor, and emotional). In addition to the common human interaction modalities (visual, audio, haptic, etc.), the theory also considers system communication channels. It is claimed that interaction is also influenced by the implicit context implied by the specific objectives of interaction, i.e., cooperation, coordination, collaboration of coadunation, and not only by the explicit context provided by narrower and broader embedding environments of CPSs. The theory establishes explicit relationships between the above mentioned influencing factors, which are important at specifying wishful interaction profiles. The advantages that the proposed comprehensive theory offers in comparison with the traditional interaction design approaches are shown through the example of a smart bathroom.
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Reports on the topic "Semantic and syntactic comparisons"

1

Kasper, Robert T., and Eduard H. Hovy. Performing Integrated Syntactic and Semantic Parsing Using Classification. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460334.

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Baader, Franz, and Klaus U. Schulz. Unification Theory - An Introduction. Aachen University of Technology, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.135.

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Equational unification is a generalization of syntactic unification in which semantic properties of function symbols are taken into account. For example, assume that the function symbol '+' is known to be commutative. Given the unication problem x + y ≐ a + b (where x and y are variables, and a and b are constants), an algorithm for syntactic unification would return the substitution {x ↦ a; y ↦ b} as the only (and most general) unifier: to make x + y and a + b syntactically equal, one must replace the variable x by a and y by b. However, commutativity of '+' implies that {x ↦ b; y ↦ b} also is a unifier in the sense that the terms obtained by its application, namely b + a and a + b, are equal modulo commutativity of '+'. More generally, equational unification is concerned with the problem of how to make terms equal modulo a given equational theory, which specifies semantic properties of the function symbols that occur in the terms to be unified.
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