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Journal articles on the topic 'Semantic Priming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Amenta, Simona, Davide Crepaldi, and Marco Marelli. "Consistency measures individuate dissociating semantic modulations in priming paradigms: A new look on semantics in the processing of (complex) words." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 10 (June 15, 2020): 1546–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820927663.

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In human language the mapping between form and meaning is arbitrary, as there is no direct connection between words and the objects that they represent. However, within a given language, it is possible to recognise systematic associations that support productivity and comprehension. In this work, we focus on the consistency between orthographic forms and meaning, and we investigate how the cognitive system may exploit it to process words. We take morphology as our case study, since it arguably represents one of the most notable examples of systematicity in form–meaning mapping. In a series of three experiments, we investigate the impact of form–meaning mapping in word processing by testing new consistency metrics as predictors of priming magnitude in primed lexical decision. In Experiment 1, we re-analyse data from five masked morphological priming studies and show that orthography–semantics–consistency explains independent variance in priming magnitude, suggesting that word semantics is accessed already at early stages of word processing and that crucially semantic access is constrained by word orthography. In Experiments 2 and 3, we investigate whether this pattern is replicated when looking at semantic priming. In Experiment 2, we show that orthography–semantics–consistency is not a viable predictor of priming magnitude with longer stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). However, in Experiment 3, we develop a new semantic consistency measure based on the semantic density of target neighbourhoods. This measure is shown to significantly predict independent variance in semantic priming effect. Overall, our results indicate that consistency measures provide crucial information for the understanding of word processing. Specifically, the dissociation between measures and priming paradigms shows that different priming conditions are associated with the activation of different semantic cohorts.

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2

Geary, Jonathan, and Adam Ussishkin. "Morphological priming without semantic relationship in Hebrew spoken word recognition." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4509.

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We report on an auditory masked priming study designed to test the contributions of semantics and morphology to spoken word recognition in Hebrew. Thirty-one native Hebrew speakers judged the lexicality of Hebrew words that were primed by words which either share their root morpheme and a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. poreʦ פּורץ ‘burglar’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’) or share their root morpheme but lack a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. mifraʦ מפרץ ‘gulf’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’). We found facilitatory priming by both types of morphological relatives, supporting that semantic overlap is not required for morphological priming in Hebrew spoken word recognition. Thus, our results extend the findings of Frost, Forster, & Deutsch’s (1997) Experiment 5 to the auditory modality, while avoiding confounds between root priming and Hebrew’s abjad orthography associated with the visual masked priming paradigm. Further, our results are inconsistent with models of word processing which treat morphological priming as reflecting form and semantic coactivation, and instead support an independent role for root morphology in Hebrew lexical processing.

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3

Shelton, Jennifer R., and Randi C. Martin. "How semantic is automatic semantic priming?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 18, no. 6 (1992): 1191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.6.1191.

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4

McNeill, Allan, and A. Mike Burton. "The locus of semantic priming effects in person recognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 4 (October 2002): 1141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000189.

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Semantic priming in person recognition has been studied extensively. In a typical experiment, participants are asked to make a familiarity decision to target items that have been immediately preceded by related or unrelated primes. Facilitation is usually observed from related primes, and this priming is equivalent across stimulus domains (i.e., faces and names prime one another equally). Structural models of face recognition (e.g., IAC: Burton, Bruce, Johnston, 1990) accommodate these effects by proposing a level of person identity nodes (PINs) at which recognition routes converge, and which allow access to a common pool of semantics. We present three experiments that examine semantic priming for different decisions. Priming for a semantic decision (e.g., British/American?) shows exactly the same pattern that is normally observed for a familiarity decision. The pattern is equivalent for name and face recognition. However, no semantic priming is observed when participants are asked to make a sex decision. These results constrain future models of face processing and are discussed with reference to current theories of semantic priming.

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5

Reynvoet, Bert, Marc Brysbaert, and Wim Fias. "Semantic priming in number naming." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 4 (October 2002): 1127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000116.

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The issue of semantic and non-semantic conversion routes for numerals is still debated in numerical cognition. We report two number-naming experiments in which the target numerals were preceded by another numeral (prime). The primes and targets could be presented either in arabic (digit) notation or in verbal (alphabetical) notation. The results reveal a semantically related distance effect: Latencies are fastest when the prime has the same value as the target and increase when the distance between prime and target increases. We argue that the present results are congruent with the idea that the numerals make access to an ordered semantic number line common to all notations, as the results are the same for within-notation priming (arabic-arabic or verbal- verbal) and between-notations priming (arabic-verbal or verbal-arabic). The present results also point to a rapid involvement of semantics in the naming of numerals, also when the numerals are words. As such, they are in line with recent claims of rapid semantic mediation in word naming.

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6

JIANG, Zhong-Qing, Yan-Li XIAO, Ying LIU, Li-Zhu YANG, Yu-Hong QU, Yuan-Yuan TAI, Xing QI, et al. "Comparison of Affective Priming and Semantic Priming." Advances in Psychological Science 20, no. 12 (June 17, 2013): 1920–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2012.01920.

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7

Filonik, Olha, and Svitlana Winters. "SEMANTIC PRIMING EFFECT ON SURVEY RESULTS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-81-83.

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This article presents the findings of an experimental study focusing on the effect of semantic priming on survey respondents. The study involved manipulation of survey questions so that one version included priming triggers and the other one did not. The two versions of the survey were tested on two groups of Canadians (50 respondents each). The results confirmed the authors’ hypotheses, as they demonstrated that the inclusion of the priming triggers activated the relevant concepts in respondents’ minds and, as a result, they included concepts similar to those triggers in their responses to open-ended questions. To be precise, respondents who were exposed to priming triggers “one”, “first” and “three”, as well as “saving on food”, were significantly more likely to say they shop one or three times a week and to recall the grocery store “Save-On-Foods” in an unaided recall qustion. The findings in this study have theoretical and empirical significance and should be taken into consideration by all the researchers who design questionnaires in their research projects. Based on this research, one can conclude that a researcher who designs questionnaires should be cautions and make sure to sequence questions in a way that would minimize the priming effect on questions following priming triggers.

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8

McRae, Ken, and Stephen Boisvert. "Automatic semantic similarity priming." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 24, no. 3 (1998): 558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.24.3.558.

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9

Tabossi, Patrizia. "Cross-Modal Semantic Priming." Language and Cognitive Processes 11, no. 6 (December 1996): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016909696386953.

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10

Meyer, D. E. "Semantic priming well established." Science 345, no. 6196 (July 31, 2014): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.345.6196.523-b.

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Draine, Sean C., and Anthony G. Greenwald. "Replicable unconscious semantic priming." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 127, no. 3 (1998): 286–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.127.3.286.

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12

Dehaene, Stanislas, Lionel Naccache, Gurvan Le Clec'H, Etienne Koechlin, Michael Mueller, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Pierre-FranÇois van de Moortele, and Denis Le Bihan. "Imaging unconscious semantic priming." Nature 395, no. 6702 (October 1998): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/26967.

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13

Williams, John N. "Is Automatic Priming Semantic?" European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 8, no. 2 (June 1996): 113–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095414496383121.

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14

Hutchison, Keith A., David A. Balota, James H. Neely, Michael J. Cortese, Emily R. Cohen-Shikora, Chi-Shing Tse, Melvin J. Yap, Jesse J. Bengson, Dale Niemeyer, and Erin Buchanan. "The semantic priming project." Behavior Research Methods 45, no. 4 (January 24, 2013): 1099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0304-z.

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15

Bhandari, S., and D. Curtis. "Semantic priming in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 2 (August 1998): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.2.184a.

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BROUWERS, PIM, MARTINE VAN ENGELEN, FRANÇOIS LALONDE, LORI PEREZ, EDWARD DE HAAN, PAMELA WOLTERS, and ALEX MARTIN. "Abnormally increased semantic priming in children with symptomatic HIV-1 disease: Evidence for impaired development of semantics?" Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 7, no. 4 (May 2001): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617701744050.

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Language deficits are a major characteristic of neurobehavioral dysfunction in pediatric HIV disease. An object decision task, which assessed reaction time facilitation following a semantic or identical prime in comparison to an unrelated prime, was used to investigate whether semantic processing abnormalities could be responsible, in part, for these deficits. Thirty children with vertically acquired HIV infection (M age 9.0 years; range 6–13) participated. Either a picture of the same object (repetition prime), a semantically related object (semantic prime), a semantically unrelated object, or a nonsense object preceded a target picture, which in 50% of the cases was a real object. Brain scans of children were rated and used together with neurobehavioral functioning to classify children as having HIV-related CNS abnormalities (n = 13) or not (n = 17). Increased semantic priming but not repetition priming was associated with a greater degree of cortical atrophy. Furthermore, CNS compromised children had significantly faster reaction times following a semantic prime compared to an unrelated prime than non-compromised patients. This facilitation following semantic priming for the CNS compromised patients (13.3%) almost equaled the facilitation following repetition priming (15.3%) while for the non-compromised patients facilitation following semantic priming (7.9%) was clearly smaller than following repetition priming (14.6%). These data suggest that HIV infection in children may result in a reduced neural network leading to impoverished semantic representations characterized by poor differentiation between closely related objects. (JINS, 2001, 7, 491–501.)

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17

White, Katherine R. G., Rose H. Danek, David R. Herring, Jennifer H. Taylor, and Stephen L. Crites. "Taking Priming to Task." Social Psychology 49, no. 1 (January 2018): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000326.

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Abstract. The current research examined potential moderators of gender and racial stereotype priming in sequential priming paradigms. Results from five experiments suggest that stereotype priming effects are more consistent in tasks that elicit both semantic priming and response competition (i.e., response priming paradigms) rather than tasks that evoke semantic priming alone (i.e., semantic priming paradigms). Recommendations for future stereotype priming research and the implication of these results for the proper interpretation of stereotype priming effects are discussed.

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18

Feng, Gangyi, Qi Chen, Zude Zhu, and Suiping Wang. "Separate Brain Circuits Support Integrative and Semantic Priming in the Human Language System." Cerebral Cortex 26, no. 7 (July 24, 2015): 3169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv148.

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Abstract Semantic priming is a crucial phenomenon to study the organization of semantic memory. A novel type of priming effect, integrative priming, has been identified behaviorally, whereby a prime word facilitates recognition of a target word when the 2 concepts can be combined to form a unitary representation. We used both functional and anatomical imaging approaches to investigate the neural substrates supporting such integrative priming, and compare them with those in semantic priming. Similar behavioral priming effects for both semantic (Bread–Cake) and integrative conditions (Cherry–Cake) were observed when compared with an unrelated condition. However, a clearly dissociated brain response was observed between these 2 types of priming. The semantic-priming effect was localized to the posterior superior temporal and middle temporal gyrus. In contrast, the integrative-priming effect localized to the left anterior inferior frontal gyrus and left anterior temporal cortices. Furthermore, fiber tractography showed that the integrative-priming regions were connected via uncinate fasciculus fiber bundle forming an integrative circuit, whereas the semantic-priming regions connected to the posterior frontal cortex via separated pathways. The results point to dissociable neural pathways underlying the 2 distinct types of priming, illuminating the neural circuitry organization of semantic representation and integration.

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19

Wei, Ran. "The Semantic and Phonological Priming in Written Chinese Word Recognition." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i1.19460.

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Semantic priming refers to a facilitation of responding speed due to the presentation of a semantically related word, while, similarly, phonological priming refers to improved recognition of a target word preceded by a word sharing the same phonological feature. Even though both of these priming effects were proved to be effective in lexical processing, it is still uncertain about whether there is difference between semantic priming effect and phonological priming effect in visual word recognition. This study focused on semantic and phonological priming effects in reading two-character Chinese words. With the lexical decision task, 18 native Mandarin speakers voluntarily took part in the experiment. It was shown that the responding speed to the target word preceded by semantic primes was faster than that preceded by phonological primes than that preceded by unrelated control primes. In other words, there are positive semantic and phonological priming effects in reading Chinese, and the effect of semantic priming is stronger than that of phonological priming. The findings supported dual-route model in lexical processing and shed more light on the studies concerning semantic and phonological priming effects in reading Chinese words.

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20

Lavigne, Frédéric, Lucile Chanquoy, Laurent Dumercy, and Françoise Vitu. "Early dynamics of the semantic priming shift." Advances in Cognitive Psychology 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/acp-0126-9.

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21

Coane, Jennifer H., and David A. Balota. "Face (and Nose) Priming for Book." Experimental Psychology 58, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000068.

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There are two general classes of models of semantic structure that support semantic priming effects. Feature-overlap models of semantic priming assume that shared features between primes and targets are critical (e.g., cat-DOG). Associative accounts assume that contextual co-occurrence is critical and that the system is organized along associations independent of featural overlap (e.g., leash-DOG). If unrelated concepts can become related as a result of contextual co-occurrence, this would be more supportive of associative accounts and provide insight into the nature of the network underlying “semantic” priming effects. Naturally co-occurring recent associations (e.g., face-BOOK) were tested under conditions that minimize strategic influences (i.e., short stimulus onset asynchrony and low relatedness proportion) in a semantic priming paradigm. Priming for new associations did not differ from the priming found for pre-existing relations (e.g., library-BOOK). Mediated priming (e.g., nose-BOOK) was also found. These results suggest that contextual associations can result in the reorganization of the network that subserves “semantic” priming effects.

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22

MORITZ, S., K. MERSMANN, M. KLOSS, D. JACOBSEN, U. WILKE, B. ANDRESEN, D. NABER, and K. PAWLIK. "‘Hyper-priming’ in thought-disordered schizophrenic patients." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 2 (February 2001): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003105.

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Background. A number of studies have suggested that indirect semantic priming is enhanced in thought-disordered schizophrenics. However, research on direct semantic priming has produced conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to resolve some of the ambiguities of previous findings.Methods. For the present study, 44 schizophrenic patients were split according to the presence of associative loosening into a positive thought-disordered (TD) and non-positive thought-disordered (NTD) group. Thirty healthy subjects and 36 psychiatric patients served as controls.Results. Schizophrenics displayed increased indirect semantic priming compared with psychiatric controls. When subtyping the sample, TD-patients exhibited significantly enhanced indirect semantic priming compared with healthy and psychiatric controls as well as NTD-patients. Overall slowing was found to be independent of priming effects. Medication, age and chronicity of the schizophrenic illness did not modulate priming.Conclusions. In line with Spitzer and Maher it is inferred that disinhibited semantic networks underlie formal thought disorder in schizophrenia. For future research, it would be appropriate to: employ indirect semantic priming rather than direct semantic priming conditions; and, pay more attention to potential moderators of the priming effect, most importantly, the prime display duration and the length of the stimulus onset asynchrony.

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23

Holderbaum, Candice Steffen, and Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles. "Semantic Priming Effects in a Lexical Decision Task: Comparing third Graders and College Students in two Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies." Spanish journal of psychology 14, no. 2 (November 2011): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.7.

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Differences in the semantic priming effect comparing child and adult performance have been found by some studies. However, these differences are not well established, mostly because of the variety of methods used by researchers around the world. One of the main issues concerns the absence of semantic priming effects on children at stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) smaller than 300ms. The aim of this study was to compare the semantic priming effect between third graders and college students at two different SOAs: 250ms and 500ms. Participants performed lexical decisions to targets which were preceded by semantic related or unrelated primes. Semantic priming effects were found at both SOAs in the third graders' group and in college students. Despite the fact that there was no difference between groups in the magnitude of semantic priming effects when SOA was 250ms, at the 500ms SOA their magnitude was bigger in children, corroborating previous studies. Hypotheses which could explain the presence of semantic priming effects in children's performance when SOA was 250ms are discussed, as well as hypotheses for the larger magnitude of semantic priming effects in children when SOA was 500ms.

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24

Stella, Massimo. "Cohort and Rhyme Priming Emerge from the Multiplex Network Structure of the Mental Lexicon." Complexity 2018 (September 17, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6438702.

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Complex networks recently opened new ways for investigating how language use is influenced by the mental representation of word similarities. This work adopts the framework of multiplex lexical networks for investigating lexical retrieval from memory. The focus is on priming, i.e., exposure to a given stimulus facilitating or inhibiting retrieval of a given lexical item. Supported by recent findings of network distance influencing lexical retrieval, the multiplex network approach tests how the layout of hundreds of thousands of word-word similarities in the mental lexicon can lead to priming effects on multiple combined semantic and phonological levels. Results provide quantitative evidence that phonological priming effects are encoded directly in the multiplex structure of the mental representation of words sharing phonemes either in their onsets (cohort priming) or at their ends (rhyme priming). By comparison with randomised null models, both cohort and rhyming effects are found to be emerging properties of the mental lexicon arising from its multiplexity. These priming effects are absent on individual layers but become prominent on the combined multiplex structure. The emergence of priming effects is displayed both when only semantic layers are considered, an approximated representation of the so-called semantic memory, and when semantics is enriched with phonological similarities, an approximated representation of the lexical-auditory nature of the mental lexicon. Multiplex lexical networks can account for connections between semantic and phonological information in the mental lexicon and hence represent a promising modelling route for shedding light on the interplay between multiple aspects of language and human cognition in synergy with experimental psycholinguistic data.

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25

White, Hedy. "Semantic Priming of Anagram Solutions." American Journal of Psychology 101, no. 3 (1988): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1423086.

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26

Beatty, William W., and Nancy Monson. "Semantic priming in multiple sclerosis." Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28, no. 5 (November 1990): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03334049.

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Johnson, Sarah K., and Andrea R. Halpern. "Semantic priming of familiar songs." Memory & Cognition 40, no. 4 (January 7, 2012): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-011-0175-z.

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28

Röer, Jan P., Ulrike Körner, Axel Buchner, and Raoul Bell. "Semantic priming by irrelevant speech." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 24, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 1205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1186-3.

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Rossell, Susan, and Ana Stefanovic. "Semantic Priming Effects in Schizophrenia." Current Psychiatry Reviews 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340007780599050.

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Spellman, Barbara A., Keith J. Holyoak, and Robert G. Morrison. "Analogical priming via semantic relations." Memory & Cognition 29, no. 3 (April 2001): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03196389.

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백민정 and HyunMyoungHo. "Semantic priming by obsession type." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 27, no. 1 (February 2008): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2008.27.1.006.

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32

Hänze, Martin, and Friedrich W. Hesse. "Emotional influences on semantic priming." Cognition and Emotion 7, no. 2 (March 1993): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939308409184.

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Hirshman, Elliot, and Richard Durante. "Prime identification and semantic priming." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 18, no. 2 (1992): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.18.2.255.

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Yeh, Su-Ling, Sheng He, and Patrick Cavanagh. "Semantic Priming From Crowded Words." Psychological Science 23, no. 6 (May 16, 2012): 608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611434746.

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Dell'Acqua, Roberto, and Jonathan Grainger. "Unconscious semantic priming from pictures." Cognition 73, no. 1 (November 1999): B1—B15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00049-9.

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NIELSEN-BOHLMAN, LYNN, DEVON BOYLE, CHRISTIE BIGGINS, FRANK EZEKIEL, and GEORGE FEIN. "Semantic priming impairment in HIV." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 4 (July 1997): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797003482.

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HIV+ subjects have shown impairment on tests of executive function including automatic attention and verbal tasks. Impairment of semantic priming in HIV patients would suggest a disruption of automatic semantic activation. We examined semantic priming in HIV+ individuals and HIV− control participants with no history of substance abuse, neurologic or psychiatric disorder unrelated to HIV. HIV+ participants were divided into cognitively normal and cognitively impaired subgroups on the basis of a neuropsychological battery of 15 tests. Participants were presented with English words and nonword letter strings and indicated if the stimulus was a word or nonword. The nonwords were orthographically and phonologically correct and were created by rearranging the letter sequence of words (“ulpit”). All words had an obvious antonym (“deep”); two-thirds were presented as sequential antonym pairs (“enter”–“exit”). There were no group differences in speed of response to nonwords, indicating no generalized reaction time deficit. While control and cognitively normal HIV+ participants showed an effect of priming on reaction time to correctly detected words, cognitively impaired HIV+ participants did not. The lack of semantic priming demonstrated by cognitively impaired HIV+ participants suggests that they have lessened activation of automatic semantic networks. (JINS, 1997, 3, 348–358.)

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Rossell, S. L., J. Shapleske, and A. S. David. "Semantic priming in deluded schizophrenics." Schizophrenia Research 24, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82388-2.

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Bruce, Vicki, and Tim Valentine. "Semantic Priming of Familiar Faces." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 38, no. 1 (February 1986): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748608401588.

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Mojica, A. J., and M. A. Peterson. "Semantic Priming Affects Figure Assignment." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (July 25, 2013): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.714.

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Daltrozzo, Jérôme, Carine Signoret, Barbara Tillmann, and Fabien Perrin. "Subliminal Semantic Priming in Speech." PLoS ONE 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): e20273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020273.

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Chenery, Helen J. "Semantic priming in Alzheimer's dementia." Aphasiology 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039608248396.

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Frings, Christian, Christina Bermeitinger, and Dirk Wentura. "Center-Surround or Spreading Inhibition." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 4 (January 2008): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.4.234.

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In the paradigm of repeated masked semantic priming ( Wentura & Frings, 2005 ), prime and mask are repeatedly and rapidly interchanged. Using this technique in a semantic priming task with category labels as primes and category exemplars as targets (related, e.g., BIRD – swan → BIRD – finch; unrelated, e.g., BIRD – lily → FRUIT – finch), Wentura and Frings found a negatively signed priming effect. Here we used the repeated masking technique with category exemplars as targets and primes (i.e., identity priming) for analyzing, whether this effect reflects center-surround or spreading inhibition. If the repeated masked technique reflects spreading inhibition, a negative effect should also appear for identity priming. In contrast, a center-surround approach would predict a positive effect. In accordance with the latter hypothesis, we found a significant positive effect in identity priming (Experiment 1a) and significant difference to the negatively signed semantic priming effect when primes were category labels (Experiment 1b). This is indicative of the repeated masked semantic priming effect being a negatively signed semantic priming effect due to a center-surround mechanism.

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Siyambalapitiya, Samantha, Helen J. Chenery, and David A. Copland. "Lexical-semantic representation in bilingual aphasia: Findings from semantic priming and cognate repetition priming." Aphasiology 27, no. 11 (November 2013): 1302–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2013.817521.

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SMITH, YISRAEL, JOEL WALTERS, and ANAT PRIOR. "Target accessibility contributes to asymmetric priming in translation and cross-language semantic priming in unbalanced bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000645.

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The current study examined within- and cross-language connectivity in four priming conditions: repetition, translation, within-language semantic and cross-language semantic priming. Unbalanced Hebrew–English bilinguals (N = 89) completed a lexical decision task in one of the four conditions in both languages. Priming effects were significantly larger from L1 to L2 for translation priming and marginally so for cross-language semantic priming. Priming effects were comparable for L1 and L2 in repetition and within-language semantic priming. These results support the notion that L1 words are more effective primes but also that L2 targets benefit more from priming. This pattern of results suggests that the lower frequency of use of L2 lexical items in unbalanced bilinguals contributes to asymmetrical cross-language priming via lower resting-level activation of targets and not only via less efficient lexical activation of primes, as highlighted by the BIA+ model.

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Dark, Veronica J. "Semantic priming, prime reportability, and retroactive priming are interdependent." Memory & Cognition 16, no. 4 (July 1988): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03197040.

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MORITZ, S., B. ANDRESEN, F. DOMIN, T. MARTIN, E. PROBSTHEIN, G. KRETSCHMER, M. KRAUSZ, D. NABER, and M. SPITZER. "Increased automatic spreading activation in healthy subjects with elevated scores in a scale assessing schizophrenic language disturbances." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 1 (January 1999): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798007831.

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Background. Previous studies on semantic priming have suggested that schizophrenic patients with language disturbances demonstrate enhanced semantic and indirect semantic priming effects relative to controls. However, the interpretation of semantic priming studies in schizophrenic patients is obscured by methological problems and several artefacts (such as length of illness). We, therefore, used a psychometric high-risk approach to test whether healthy subjects reporting language disturbances resembling those of schizophrenics (as measured by the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire subscale ‘language’) display increased priming effects. In addition, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire was used to cover symptoms of schizotypal personality. Enhanced priming was expected to occur under conditions favouring automatic processes.Methods. One hundred and sixty healthy subjects performed a lexical decision semantic priming task containing two different stimulus onset asynchronicities (200 ms and 700 ms) with two experimental conditions (semantic priming and indirect semantic priming) each.Results. Analyses of variance revealed that the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire-‘language’ high scorers significantly differed from low scorers in three of the four priming conditions indicating increased automatic spreading activation. No significant results were obtained for the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire total and subscales scores.Conclusions. In line with Maher and Spitzer it is suggested that increased automatic spreading activation underlies schizophrenia-typical language disturbances which in our study cannot be attributed to confounding variables such as different reaction time baselines, medication or length of illness. Finally, results confirm that the psychometric high-risk approach is an important tool for investigating issues relevant to schizophrenia.

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Pomarol-Clotet, E., T. M. S. S. Oh, K. R. Laws, and P. J. McKenna. "Semantic priming in schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 2 (February 2008): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.032102.

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BackgroundIncreased semantic priming is an influential theory of thought disorder in schizophrenia. However, studies to date have had conflicting findings.AimsTo investigate semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia with and without thought disorder.MethodData were pooled from 36 studies comparing patients with schizophrenia and normal controls in semantic priming tasks. Data from 18 studies comparing patients with thought disorder with normal controls, and 13 studies comparing patients with and without thought disorder were also pooled.ResultsThere was no support for altered semantic priming in schizophrenia as a whole. Increased semantic priming in patients with thought disorder was supported, but this was significant only in comparison with normal controls and not in comparison with patients without thought disorder. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and general slowing of reaction time moderated the effect size for priming in patients with thought disorder.ConclusionsMeta-analysis provides qualified support for increased semantic priming as a psychological abnormality underlying thought disorder. However, the possibility that the effect is an artefact of general slowing of reaction time in schizophrenia has not been excluded.

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Young, Andrew W., Deborah Hellawell, and Edward H. F. De Haan. "Cross-Domain Semantic Priming in Normal Subjects and a Prosopagnosic Patient." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 40, no. 3 (August 1988): 561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724988843000087.

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Cross-domain semantic priming of person recognition (from face primes to name targets at 500msecs SOA) is investigated in normal subjects and a brain-injured patient (PH) with a very severe impairment of overt face recognition ability. Experiment 1 demonstrates equivalent semantic priming effects for normal subjects from face primes to name targets (cross-domain priming) and from name primes to name targets (within-domain priming). Experiment 2 demonstrates cross-domain semantic priming effects from face primes that PH cannot recognize overtly. Experiment 3 shows that cross-domain semantic priming effects can be found for normal subjects when target names are repeated across all conditions. This (repeated targets) method is then used in Experiment 4 to establish that PH shows equivalent semantic priming to normal subjects from face primes which he is very poor at identifying overtly and from name primes which he can identify overtly. These findings demonstrate that automatic aspects of face recognition can remain intact even when all sense of overt recognition has been lost.

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Carson, Derek R., and A. Mike Burton. "Semantic priming of person recognition: Categorial priming may be a weaker form of the associative priming effect." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 54, no. 4 (November 2001): 1155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713756003.

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An interactive activation and competition account (Burton, Bruce, & Johnston, 1990) of the semantic priming effect in person recognition studies relies on the fact that primes and targets (people) have semantic information in common. However, recent investigations into the type of relationship needed to mediate the semantic priming effect have suggested that the prime and target must be close associates (e.g., Barry, Johnston, & Scanlan, 1998; Young, Flude, Hellawell, & Ellis, 1994). A review of these and similar papers suggests the possibility of a small but non-reliable effect based purely on categorial relationships. Experiment 1 provided evidence that when participants were asked to make a name familiarity decision it was possible to boost this small categorial effect when multiple (four) primes were presented prior to the target name. Results from Experiment 2 indicated that the categorial effect was not due to the particular presentation times of the primes. This boosted categorial effect was shown to cross domains (names to faces) in Experiment 3 and persist in Experiment 4 when the task involved naming the target face. The similarity of the pattern of results produced by the associative priming effect and this boosted categorial effect suggests that the two may be due to the same underlying mechanism in semantic memory.

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Friederici, Angela D., Herbert Schriefers, and Ulman Lindenberger. "Differential Age Effects on Semantic and Syntactic Priming." International Journal of Behavioral Development 22, no. 4 (December 1998): 813–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502598384180.

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Adult age differences in the processing of semantic and syntactic information during language comprehension were investigated in a lexical decision task in which the target word was preceded by a sentence fragment. Sentence fragment and target were presented visually and made up either a correct or an incorrect sentence containing either a semantic violation (selectional restriction violation) or a syntactic violation (subcategorisation violation). Experiment 1 revealed a differential age effect for the processing of syntactic, but not for the processing of semantic violations. Experiment 2, using visually degraded targets, demonstrated that this differential effect was independent of peripheral processing aspects, such as visual encoding. Experiment 3 including a neutral baseline condition revealed that the differential age effect on syntactic processing was due to controlled rather than to automatic aspects of priming, as it was observed for the cost component, but not for the bene”t component. Experiment 4 revealed that this effect was independent of the timing parameters used for stimulus presentation. It appears that age can have differential effects on specific cognitive domains, such as syntax and semantics. This may be attributable to the amount of controlled processes involved in syntactic and semantic priming.

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