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1
Palmér, Matthias. "Learning Applications based on Semantic Web Technologies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104446.
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The interplay between learning and technology is a growing field that is often referred to as Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). Within this context, learning applications are software components that are useful for learning purposes, such as textbook replacements, information gathering tools, communication and collaboration tools, knowledge modeling tools, rich lab environments that allows experiments etc. When developing learning applications, the choice of technology depends on many factors. For instance, who and how many the intended end-users are, if there are requirements to support in-application collaboration, platform restrictions, the expertise of the developers, requirements to inter-operate with other systems or applications etc. This thesis provides guidance on a how to develop learning applications based on Semantic Web technology. The focus on Semantic Web technology is due to its basic design that allows expression of knowledge at the web scale. It also allows keeping track of who said what, providing subjective expressions in parallel with more authoritative knowledge sources. The intended readers of this thesis include practitioners such as software architects and developers as well as researchers in TEL and other related fields. The empirical part of the this thesis is the experience from the design and development of two learning applications and two supporting frameworks. The first learning application is the web application Confolio/EntryScape which allows users to collect files and online material into personal and shared portfolios. The second learning application is the desktop application Conzilla, which provides a way to create and navigate a landscape of interconnected concepts. Based upon the experience of design and development as well as on more theoretical considerations outlined in this thesis, three major obstacles have been identified: The first obstacle is: lack of non-expert and user friendly solutions for presenting and editing Semantic Web data that is not hard-coded to use a specific vocabulary. The thesis presents five categories of tools that support editing and presentation of RDF. The thesis also discusses a concrete software solution together with a list of the most important features that have crystallized during six major iterations of development. The second obstacle is: lack of solutions that can handle both private and collaborative management of resources together with related Semantic Web data. The thesis presents five requirements for a reusable read/write RDF framework and a concrete software solution that fulfills these requirements. A list of features that have appeared during four major iterations of development is also presented. The third obstacle is: lack of recommendations for how to build learning applications based on Semantic Web technology. The thesis presents seven recommendations in terms of architectures, technologies, frameworks, and type of application to focus on. In addition, as part of the preparatory work to overcome the three obstacles, the thesis also presents a categorization of applications and a derivation of the relations between standards, technologies and application types.QC 20121105
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Mepham, Will. "Discrete event calculus using Semantic Web technologies." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2010. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/discrete-event-calculus-using-semantic-web-technologies(4015f132-5817-4646-9b7b-f3f1e8b27cfc).html.
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This thesis provides a detailed description of the research undertaken into the creation of a framework that uses Semantic Web languages to implement a recently developed commonsense reasoning formalism called Discrete Event Calculus (DEC). It aims to show to what extent DEC reasoning can be applied to Semantic Web data, using the Semantic Web standards and supporting development environments available for the purpose in 2008, when the research programme commenced. The research aims to provide an accurate and reusable DEC ontology using the languages defined in Semantic Web Standards. To this end, an ontology describing the DEC entities and axioms is defined in OWL and SWRL; this represents the core elements of the DEC formalism, namely its set of logical types and predicates and the relations between them. The ontology is used together with a proof-of-concept DEC resolver software that applies the ontology to an existing rules engine, so that new inferences can be created from a DEC domain. The design and implementation of the combined ontology and software framework are described in detail. The methodological issues involved in reconciling a software model with an ontology model are also discussed and the capabilities of the framework are validated by a series of tests modelled on established AI benchmark scenarios that can be resolved correctly using DEC. The results confirm that the framework will create the appropriate inferences with reference to the benchmark problems, though they also highlight some of current limitations in the framework, notably to do with how it represents changing fluent values. A detailed sample domain ontology is provided, which is based on the domain of turn-based multiplayer online games; this illustrates how the DEC ontology defined in this research could be extended for use with other domains. A further extension of the DEC ontology is proposed, which enables the resolver to represent real-world time values independently of the timepoints defined as part of the formalism. Finally, the strengths and extant boundaries of the chosen approach are discussed and suggestions are provided for improvements that could form the basis of future work.
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Tous, Liesa Rubén. "Data Integration with XML and Semantic Web Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7535.
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En general, la integració de múltiples bases de dades heterogènies té com a objectiu oferir una visió unificada sobre un conjunt de dades preexistent. Aquesta tesi contribueix a diferents aspectes del disseny de sistemes de integració de dades moderns en el context de la World Wide Web. Per un costat, la tesi contribueix a la línia de recerca de la Integració Semàntica, que fa referència al problema de reconciliar dades de fonts autònomes mitjançant l'ús d'ontologies i altres eines semàntiques. La tesi suggereix una nova solució a la integració semàntica XML-RDF, i també contribueix al problema de l'Alineació d'Ontologies, definint una mesura de similitud semàntica rigorosa i escalable per grafs etiquetats i dirigits RDF. Per un altre costat, la tesi suggereix una nova solució al problema de traduir una consulta d'un usuari (dirigida a un esquema lògic intermediari), en consultes sobre un conjunt de fonts de dades autònomes, provistes de interfícies web restringides.
En general, la integración de múltiples bases de datos heterogenias tiene como objetivo ofrecer una visión unificada sobre un conjunto de datos preexistente. Esta tesis contribuye a diferentes aspectos del diseño de sistemas de integración de datos modernos en el contexto de la World Wide Web.
Por un lado, la tesis contribuye a la línea de investigación de la Integración Semántica, que hace referencia al problema de reconciliar datos de fuentes autónomas mediante el uso de ontologías i otras herramientas semánticas. La tesis sugiere una nueva solución a la integración semántica XML-RDF, y también contribuye al problema de la Alineación de Ontologías, definiendo una medida de similitud semántica rigurosa i escalable para grafos etiquetados y dirigidos RDF. Por otro lado, la tesis sugiere una nueva solución al problema de traducir una consulta de un usuario (dirigida a un esquema lógico intermediario), en consultas sobre un conjunto de fuentes de datos autónomas, provistas de interfaces web restringidas.
In general, integration of multiple heterogeneous databases aims at giving a unified view over a set of pre-existent data. This thesis contributes to different aspects of the design of modern data integration systems in the context of the World Wide Web.
On one hand, this thesis contributes to the Semantic Integration research trend, which refers to the problem of reconciling data from autonomous sources using ontologies and other semantic-based tools. The thesis suggests a novel solution to XML-RDF semantic integration and also contributes to the problem of Ontology Alignment, defining a rigorous and scalable semantic similarity measure for RDF labelled directed graphs. On the other hand, this thesis suggests a novel solution to the problem of translating a user query (targeting a logical mediated schema), into queries over a set of autonomous data sources provided with restricted web interfaces.
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Wilmering, Thomas. "Applications of Semantic Web technologies in music production." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9078.
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The development of tools and services for the realisation of the Semantic Web has been a very active field of research in recent years, with a strong focus on linking existing data. In the field of music information management, Semantic Web technologies may facilitate searching and browsing, and help to reveal relationships with data from other domains. At the same time, many algorithms have been developed to extract low and high-level features, which enable the user to analyse music and audio in detail. The use of semantics in the process of music production however is still a relatively new field of research. With computer systems and music processing applications becoming increasingly powerful and complex in their underlying structure, semantics can help musicians and producers in decision processes, and provide more natural interactions with the systems. Audio effects represent an integral part in modern music production. They modify an input signal and may be applied in order to enhance the perceived quality of a sound or to make more artistic changes to it in the composition process. Employing music information retrieval (MIR) and Semantic Web technologies specifically for the control of audio effects has the potential to be a significant step in their evolution. Detailed descriptions of the use of audio effects in a music production project can additionally facilitate the description of work flows and the reproducibility of production procedures, adding an additional layer of depth to MIR. We substantiate the hypothesis that the collection of audio related metadata during the production process is beneficial, by comparing the results of various feature extraction techniques on audio material before and after the application of audio effects. We develop a formal Semantic Web ontology for the domain of Audio Effects in the context of music production. The ontology enables the creation of detailed metadata about audio effects implementations within the Studio Ontology framework for use in music production projects. The ontology contains inter-linkable classification systems based on different criteria constituting an interdisciplinary classification. Finally, we evaluate the ontology and present several use cases and applications, such as adaptive audio effects using and creating semantic metadata.
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Opuszko, Marek. "Using Semantic Web Technologies for Classification Analysis in Social Networks." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-84016.
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The Semantic Web enables people and computers to interact and exchange
information. Based on Semantic Web technologies, different machine learning applications have been designed. Particularly to emphasize is the possibility to create complex metadata descriptions for any problem domain, based on pre-defined ontologies. In this paper we evaluate the use of a semantic similarity measure based on pre-defined ontologies as an input for a classification analysis. A link prediction between actors of a social network is performed, which could serve as a recommendation system. We measure the prediction performance based on an ontology-based metadata modeling as well as a feature vector modeling. The findings demonstrate that the prediction accuracy based on ontology-based metadata is comparable to traditional approaches and shows that data mining using ontology-based metadata can be considered as a very promising approach.
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Priebe, Torsten. "Building integrative enterprise knowledge portals with semantic Web technologies." Berlin : Aka, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2745741&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Soltren, José Hiram. "Query-based database policy assurance using semantic web technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60819.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-135).
In this thesis, we present a novel approach to database security which looks at queries instead of the database tables themselves. In doing so, we use a number of Semantic Web technologies to define rules, translate queries, and make assertions about compliance with existing policies. We can ascertain compliance without looking at the contents of the database. Our system can function as a drop-in addition to an existing database system, adding additional functionality in a robust manner. The policies are written in the AIR language, and the reasoners and wrapper scripts in C++ and Python. We discuss the design and implementation of this system in detail.
by José Hiram Soltren.
M.Eng.
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RAZZAK, FAISAL. "The Role of Semantic Web Technologies in Smart Environments." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506366.
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Today semantic web technologies and Linked Data
principles are providing formalism, standards, shared data semantics and
data integration for unstructured data over the web. The result is a transformation
from theWeb of Interaction to theWeb of Data and actionable
information. On the crossroad lies our daily lives, containing plethora of
unstructured data which is originating from low cost sensors and appliances
to every computational element used in our modern lives, including
computers, interactive watches, mobile phones, GPS devices etc. These
facts accentuate an opportunity for system designers to combine these
islands of data into a large actionable information space which can be utilized
by automated and intelligent agents. As a result, this phenomenon
is likely to institute a space that is smart enough to provide humans
with comfort of living and to build an efficient society. Thus, in this
context, the focus of my research has been to propose solutions to the
problems in the domains of smart environment and energy management,
under the umbrella of ambient intelligence. The potential role of semantic
web technologies in these proposed solutions has been analysed and
architectures for these solutions were designed, implemented and tested.
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Opuszko, Marek. "Using Semantic Web Technologies for Classification Analysis in Social Networks." Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Wirtschaftsinformatik der Universität Leipzig Heft 8/15. Interuniversitäres Doktorandenseminar Wirtschaftsinformatik der Universitäten Chemnitz, Dresden, Freiberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Jena und Leipzig, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11354.
Full textAbstract:
The Semantic Web enables people and computers to interact and exchange
information. Based on Semantic Web technologies, different machine learning applications have been designed. Particularly to emphasize is the possibility to create complex metadata descriptions for any problem domain, based on pre-defined ontologies. In this paper we evaluate the use of a semantic similarity measure based on pre-defined ontologies as an input for a classification analysis. A link prediction between actors of a social network is performed, which could serve as a recommendation system. We measure the prediction performance based on an ontology-based metadata modeling as well as a feature vector modeling. The findings demonstrate that the prediction accuracy based on ontology-based metadata is comparable to traditional approaches and shows that data mining using ontology-based metadata can be considered as a very promising approach.
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Hagenston, Marty G., and Samuel G. Chance. "Assessing the potential value of semantic Web technologies in support of military operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/864.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedRecent military operations have redefined the way modern warfare is waged. In a deliberate effort to achieve and retain information dominance and decision superiority, many innovative technologies have emerged to assist the human war fighter. Unquestionably, these technologies have generated resounding successes on the battlefield, the likes of which have never been seen. With all the success, however, there are still areas for improvement as the potential exists for further reducing already short sensor-to-shooter times. The current World Wide Web (WWW) is largely a human-centric information space where humans exchange and interpret data ([2] Berners-Lee, 1, 1999). The Semantic Web (SWEB) is not a separate Web, but an extension of the current one in which content is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation (Berners-Lee et al). The result is the availability of the various backgrounds, experiences, and abilities of the contributing communities through the self-describing content populating the SWEB ([2] Berners-Lee, 1999). This thesis assesses current SWEB technologies that promise to make disparate data sources machine interpretable for use in the construction of actionable knowledge with the intent of further reducing sensor-to-shooter times. The adoption of the SWEB will quietly be realized and soon machines will prove to be of greater value to war fighting. When machines are able to interpret and process content before human interaction and analysis begins, their value will be further realized. This off-loading, or delegation, will produce faster sensor-to-shooter times and assist in achieving the speed required to achieve victory on any battlefield.
Lieutenant, United States Navy
Major, United States Army
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Chance, Samuel G. Hagenston Marty G. "Assessing the potential value of semantic Web technologies in support of military operations /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FChance.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Alexander Bordetsky, Douglas P. Homer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-262). Also available online.
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Bicer, Veli. "Architecture Specification Of Service-oriented Systems Through Semantic Web Technologies." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608692/index.pdf.
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This thesis presents a semantic-based modeling approach for describing Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). Ontologies are utilized as a major representation mechanism for describing various elements available in the architecture. The methodology proposes an architecture specification mechanism to constuct a unified ontology that enables transition from design concerns to the modeling elements. A multi-level modeling is also achieved by employing Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) techniques to describe various models at different stages of the software architecture. This aims to organize service-oriented models within a number of architecture viewpoints in order to provide an architectural perspective for SOA. The use of ontologies for model specification also allows us to make use of ontology mapping to specify the transformation between different models. Additionally, we present a case study to demonstrate the proposed methodology on a real-world healthcare scenario.
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Saghafi, Arash. "Using semantic web technologies to implement flexible information management systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43018.
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Two main phenomena have recently become prominent in respect to information management. First, there has been a rapid increase in the number and variety of sources of information on the World Wide Web and in the role of users as content providers. In parallel, there has been an evolution of web technologies to support the creation, storage, and sharing of information. These developments have led to new paradigms such as cloud computing, crowdsourcing, and social collaboration. The second phenomenon is the increasing need of organizations to effectively and efficiently benefit from massive data — termed “big data” (a term also linked recently to cloud computing and to social network data). These two phenomena both indicate new needs and new technological opportunities.
Traditionally, information management has been based on storing data in structured databases, where the structure reflects some expected uses, and managed with (at least some) central control (even for distributed data). These assumptions, however, do not fit the new paradigms, where flexible information management is needed to support different views of multiple users, unknown future uses, no central control, and new unexpected sources.
This thesis explores an approach to information management intended to provide the flexibility to support multiple, varied, and emerging sources where uses of information may not be known in advance. The approach employs three principles. First, data should be stored independent of any pre-conceived “containers” that reflect anticipated uses (classes, tables). Second, reconciliation of meaning of data can be done by abstraction of the properties the data represent. Third, classification can be created as needed depending on the application, based on some usefulness considerations.
The thesis has two objectives. First, suggest how to apply these principles in the implementation of a flexible information management system. Second, demonstrate how semantic web technologies can be used to implement this approach. These technologies include triplestores (storing data in resource description framework), related query languages (SPARQL), and formal ontologies (Web Ontology Language). The thesis describes a prototype implementation, demonstrates it on a case study, and discusses its advantages compared to traditional database systems.
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Duboc, Jean-Remy. "Dynamic feedback generation in virtual patients using semantic web technologies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355540/.
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Virtual patients are interactive tools commonly used by medical schools for teaching and learning, and as training tools for the development of clinical reasoning. The feedback delivered to students is a crucial feature in virtual patients. Personalised feedback, in particular, helps students to reflect on their mistakes and to organise their knowledge in order to use it appropriately in a clinical context. However, authoring personalised feedback in virtual patient systems can become a di�cult task, due to the large number of choices available to students and the complex implications of each choice. Additionally, the current technologies used for the design and exchange of virtual patients have limitations in terms of interoperability and data reusability. Semantic web technologies are designed to model complex knowledge in a flexible manner, allowing easy data sharing from multiple sources and automatic data processing. This thesis demonstrates the benefitts of Semantic Web technologies for the design of virtual patients, in particular for the automatic generation of personalised feedback. Seven important types of personalised feedback were identified from the literature, and a preliminary survey showed that students in year 3 to 5 consider two of these types of feedback to be particularly useful: feedback indicating actions that each student should have chosen but neglected, and feedback indicating the diagnoses that each student should have tested and rule out or confi�rmed, given the initial presentation of the patient. SemVP, a Semantic Web-based virtual patient system, was created and evaluated by medical students, using a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. This study showed that SemVP can generate useful personalised feedback, without the need for a virtual case author to write feedback manually, using a semantic model representing both the virtual patient and each student's actions, and leveraging existing data sources available online.
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Dehors, Sylvain. "Exploiting semantic web and knowledge management technologies for e-learning." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4006.
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Ce travail explore le potentiel des technologies du web sémantique et de la gestion des connaissances dans le cadre des systèmes de e-learning, notamment ceux présentant des contenus de cours « en-ligne » de manière facilitée et éventuellement personnalisée, et dans lesquelles le problème de la réutilisation de ressources existantes demeure un problème difficile. Dans ce contexte nous proposons une méthodologie et un système associé (QBLS), inspiré des pratiques en gestion des connaissances et reposant sur des outils et formalismes avancés du web sémantique. Notre proposition repose principalement sur trois points : La réutilisation de ressources pédagogiques existantes au travers d’un processus dit de « sémantisation ». Ce processus vise à contextualiser le contenu par rapport à la conceptualisation et la stratégie pédagogique de l’enseignant. L’exploitation de ressources pédagogiques annotées dans des interfaces web dynamiques. Nous insistons sur l’intérêt des standards du web sémantiques (OWL, RDF, SPARQL) dans une perspective pratique, reposant sur le déploiement du moteur de recherche sémantique Corese. Le suivi et l’analyse de l’activité de l’apprenant. Nos explorons le potentiel des visualisations et inférences à base de graphes pour l’analyse automatique ou manuelle des traces d’activités dans un cours sémantisé. Cette proposition théorique est appuyée par notre implémentation du système QBLS, pour « Question Based Learning System », où des ressources pédagogiques sont réutilisées, annotées et exploitées dans le cadre d’expérimentations en situation réelle menées à l’EPU de Nice Sophia-AntipolisThis work explores the potential applications of semantic web and knowledge management technologies for e-learning systems for accessing courses. It particularly addresses the difficult problem of reusing existing resources. In this scope, we propose a methodology and an associated system (QBLS) relying on cutting-edge semantic web tools and formalisms, that particularly develops three aspects: Reusing existing pedagogical resources through a process called "semantization". Pedagogical content is semi-automatically annotated with ontological concepts, from several points of view (domain, pedagogy, structure). It aims at contextualizing the material with regard to the teacher's conceptualization and pedagogical strategy. Exploiting annotated pedagogical resources in dynamic web interfaces. We show how semantic web technologies efficiently perform inferences based on ontological knowledge to personalize and adapt courses. The interest of semantic web standards (OWL, RDF, SPARQL) is highlighted in a practical perspective, relying on the deployment of the semantic search engine Corese. Tracking learner activity and analysis of this activity. We explore the potential of graphic based visualization and inferences to manually or automatically analyze activity traces on a semantized course. The theoretical proposal is supported by our implementation of the Question Based Learning System where learning resources available on the web are reused, annotated and exploited in real world experiments using semantic web technologies. The practical examples mentioned in this work are illustrated by two experiments conducted at the EPU of Nice Sophia-Antipolis
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Contessi, Paolo. "Supporting semantic web technologies in the pervasive service ecosystems middleware." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4074/.
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Semantic Web technologies are strategic in order to fulfill the openness requirement of Self-Aware Pervasive Service Ecosystems. In fact they provide agents with the ability to cope with distributed data, using RDF to represent information, ontologies to describe relations between concepts from any domain (e.g. equivalence, specialization/extension, and so on) and reasoners to extract implicit knowledge.
The aim of this thesis is to study these technologies and design an extension of a pervasive service ecosystems middleware capable of exploiting semantic power, and deepening performance implications.
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Niestroj, Michael Georg. "Utilising Semantic Web Technologies for Improved Road Network Information Exchange." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88109.
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Road asset data harmonisation is a challenge for the Australian road and transport authorities considering their heterogeneous data standards, data formats and tools. Classic data harmonisation techniques require huge databases with many tables, a unified metadata definition and standardised tools to share data with others. In order to find a better way to harmonise heterogeneous road network data, this dissertation uses Semantic Web technologies to investigate fast and efficient road asset data harmonisation.
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KECHAGIOGLOU, XENI. "SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGIES IN A PROCESS-AWARE PLANNING SUPPORT SYSTEM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/261281.
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Indicated by the volume and geographical extent of initiatives for a sustainable future of the planet, there is an increased request for planning to satisfy normative requirements that safeguard sustainability of the adopted plans. However, sustainable planning projects often demonstrate incomplete or oversimplified planning processes. At the same time, a plethora of Planning Support Systems (PSS) exist, heralding the easing of planners’ work. Nonetheless, they cannot boast widespread use, which is perplexing to PSS experts.
This PhD sought to explore the two issues for a possible convergence point. To this end, the abductive research strategy was embraced, with existing literature serving as the set of observations. This bottom-up investigative path concluded in recognition of the wicked nature of the planning process and of the fact that design of Information Systems (IS) for planning has been missing this point. The outcome was the suggestion of adopting the Open World Assumption (OWA) in the architecture of a PSS, which translates into using Semantic Web technologies for implementation of its functionalities, as a plausible solution.
The next objective was to design an IS that would test feasibility of the solution, and would ultimately assess worthiness of the OWA approach. Dealing in essence with a wicked problem, emphasis was put on building a suitable approach from step one, a journey that involved ontological and epistemological decisions and which ended up with choosing Pragmatism as the research paradigm and Design Science Research as the methodological framework. Design and implementation of the IS were subsequently arranged around processes taken from two distinct planning cases, namely the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Sardinia and the sustainable management of the Maasai Mara rangeland in Kenya, with the first one used for experimenting on knowledge integration and the second one for investigating GIS tool integration.
The outputs of this final phase of the PhD were artifacts - a Knowledge Base concerning a SEA planning procedure and a mapping between a GIS software workflow model and elements of a workflow notation that can be used as intermediary between different GIS software -, meta-artifacts, i.e., the design of two aspects of what could be one integral PSS, as well as knowledge generated during design and implementation. Ultimately, an indication of the approach’s research merit has been shown, while work involving more complex processes would help better estimate the potential of the suggested solution.
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Vicient, Monllaó Carlos. "Moving towards the semantic web: enabling new technologies through the semantic annotation of social contents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285334.
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La Web Social ha causat un creixement exponencial dels continguts disponibles deixant enormes quantitats de recursos textuals electrònics que sovint aclaparen els usuaris. Aquest volum d’informació és d’interès per a la comunitat de mineria de dades. Els algorismes de mineria de dades exploten característiques de les entitats per tal de categoritzar-les, agrupar-les o classificar-les segons la seva semblança. Les dades per si mateixes no aporten cap mena de significat: han de ser interpretades per esdevenir informació. Els mètodes tradicionals de mineria de dades no tenen com a objectiu “entendre” el contingut d’un recurs, sinó que extreuen valors numèrics els quals esdevenen models en aplicar-hi càlculs estadístics, que només cobren sentit sota l’anàlisi manual d’un expert. Els darrers anys, motivat per la Web Semàntica, molts investigadors han proposat mètodes semàntics de classificació de dades capaços d’explotar recursos textuals a nivell conceptual. Malgrat això, normalment aquests mètodes depenen de recursos anotats prèviament per poder interpretar semànticament el contingut d’un document. L’ús d’aquests mètodes està estretament relacionat amb l’associació de dades i el seu significat.
Aquest treball es centra en el desenvolupament d’una metodologia genèrica capaç de detectar els trets més rellevants d’un recurs textual descobrint la seva associació semàntica, es a dir, enllaçant-los amb conceptes modelats a una ontologia, i detectant els principals temes de discussió. Els mètodes proposats són no supervisats per evitar el coll d’ampolla generat per l’anotació manual, independents del domini (aplicables a qualsevol àrea de coneixement) i flexibles (capaços d’analitzar recursos heterogenis: documents textuals o documents semi-estructurats com els articles de la Viquipèdia o les publicacions de Twitter). El treball ha estat avaluat en els àmbits turístic i mèdic.
Per tant, aquesta dissertació és un primer pas cap a l'anotació semàntica automàtica de documents necessària per possibilitar el camí cap a la visió de la Web Semàntica.La Web Social ha provocado un crecimiento exponencial de los contenidos disponibles, dejando enormes cantidades de recursos electrónicos que a menudo abruman a los usuarios. Tal volumen de información es de interés para la comunidad de minería de datos. Los algoritmos de minería de datos explotan características de las entidades para categorizarlas, agruparlas o clasificarlas según su semejanza. Los datos por sí mismos no aportan ningún significado: deben ser interpretados para convertirse en información. Los métodos tradicionales no tienen como objetivo "entender" el contenido de un recurso, sino que extraen valores numéricos que se convierten en modelos tras aplicar cálculos estadísticos, los cuales cobran sentido bajo el análisis manual de un experto. Actualmente, motivados por la Web Semántica, muchos investigadores han propuesto métodos semánticos de clasificación de datos capaces de explotar recursos textuales a nivel conceptual. Sin embargo, generalmente estos métodos dependen de recursos anotados previamente para poder interpretar semánticamente el contenido de un documento. El uso de estos métodos está estrechamente relacionado con la asociación de datos y su significado. Este trabajo se centra en el desarrollo de una metodología genérica capaz de detectar los rasgos más relevantes de un recurso textual descubriendo su asociación semántica, es decir, enlazándolos con conceptos modelados en una ontología, y detectando los principales temas de discusión. Los métodos propuestos son no supervisados para evitar el cuello de botella generado por la anotación manual, independientes del dominio (aplicables a cualquier área de conocimiento) y flexibles (capaces de analizar recursos heterogéneos: documentos textuales o documentos semi-estructurados, como artículos de la Wikipedia o publicaciones de Twitter). El trabajo ha sido evaluado en los ámbitos turístico y médico. Esta disertación es un primer paso hacia la anotación semántica automática de documentos necesaria para posibilitar el camino hacia la visión de la Web Semántica.
Social Web technologies have caused an exponential growth of the documents available through the Web, making enormous amounts of textual electronic resources available. Users may be overwhelmed by such amount of contents and, therefore, the automatic analysis and exploitation of all this information is of interest to the data mining community. Data mining algorithms exploit features of the entities in order to characterise, group or classify them according to their resemblance. Data by itself does not carry any meaning; it needs to be interpreted to convey information. Classical data analysis methods did not aim to “understand” the content and the data were treated as meaningless numbers and statistics were calculated on them to build models that were interpreted manually by human domain experts. Nowadays, motivated by the Semantic Web, many researchers have proposed semantic-grounded data classification and clustering methods that are able to exploit textual data at a conceptual level. However, they usually rely on pre-annotated inputs to be able to semantically interpret textual data such as the content of Web pages. The usability of all these methods is related to the linkage between data and its meaning. This work focuses on the development of a general methodology able to detect the most relevant features of a particular textual resource finding out their semantics (associating them to concepts modelled in ontologies) and detecting its main topics. The proposed methods are unsupervised (avoiding the manual annotation bottleneck), domain-independent (applicable to any area of knowledge) and flexible (being able to deal with heterogeneous resources: raw text documents, semi-structured user-generated documents such Wikipedia articles or short and noisy tweets). The methods have been evaluated in different fields (Tourism, Oncology). This work is a first step towards the automatic semantic annotation of documents, needed to pave the way towards the Semantic Web vision.
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Dotsika, Fefie. "Semantic technologies : from niche to the mainstream of Web 3? : a comprehensive framework for web information modelling and semantic annotation." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z712/semantic-technologies-from-niche-to-the-mainstream-of-web-3-a-comprehensive-framework-for-web-information-modelling-and-semantic-annotation.
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Context: Web information technologies developed and applied in the last decade have considerably changed the way web applications operate and have revolutionised information management and knowledge discovery. Social technologies, user-generated classification schemes and formal semantics have a far-reaching sphere of influence. They promote collective intelligence, support interoperability, enhance sustainability and instigate innovation. Contribution: The research carried out and consequent publications follow the various paradigms of semantic technologies, assess each approach, evaluate its efficiency, identify the challenges involved and propose a comprehensive framework for web information modelling and semantic annotation, which is the thesis’ original contribution to knowledge. The proposed framework assists web information modelling, facilitates semantic annotation and information retrieval, enables system interoperability and enhances information quality. Implications: Semantic technologies coupled with social media and end-user involvement can instigate innovative influence with wide organisational implications that can benefit a considerable range of industries. The scalable and sustainable business models of social computing and the collective intelligence of organisational social media can be resourcefully paired with internal research and knowledge from interoperable information repositories, back-end databases and legacy systems. Semantified information assets can free human resources so that they can be used to better serve business development, support innovation and increase productivity.
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Hedayat, Roland. "Semantic Web Technologies in the Quest for Compatible Distributed Health Records." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122645.
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There is a proliferation of patient bound Electronic Health Record (EHR) data in systems that are incompatible - challenging the goal of granting authorized access to the accumulated medical history of a patient, whenever requested, and whichever the source, in order to secure a safe treatment.
A common semantic representation is a prerequisite for validating the semantics of one EHR system against another. Therefore, assessing the semantic compatibility between systems implies having a formal method for extracting their semantics, and for validating the consistency of their combined semantics. A guiding hypothesis is that Semantic Web Technologies and Ontology Web Language (OWL) are potential bridging technologies between the EHRs and medical terminologies, and can be used to represent the combined semantics of the systems to be integrated. Furthermore, that automatic reasoners can perform semantic validation of the combined subsystems.
Some experimental steps in this direction are taken, preceded by a discussion on Medical Terminologies, Ontologies, EHR-systems and theirinterrelationships, and a summary overview of Description Logics, the Semantic Web and the Web Ontology Language, OWL.
The OpenEHR reference model is transformed from an XML-schema representation to OWL, and a couple of archetypes are transformed into OWL in a manual procedure. Subsequently, validation runs with a formal reasoner on the transformed results were performed, demonstrating the feasibility of the process.
The problems of EHR semantic interoperability are complex. Awareness of the necessity of applying formal semantic methods when dealing with inherently semantic problems will catalyze the process of solving them.
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Darr, Timothy, Ronald Fernandes, John Hamilton, Charles Jones, and Annette Weisenseel. "Semantic Web Technologies for T&E Metadata Verification and Validation." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606008.
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ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe vision of the semantic web is to unleash the next generation of information sharing and interoperability by encoding meaning into the symbols that are used to describe various computational capabilities within the World Wide Web or other networks. This paper describes the application of semantic web technologies to Test and Evaluation (T&E) metadata verification and validation. Verification is a quality process that is used to evaluate whether or not a product, service, or system complies with a regulation, specification, or conditions imposed at the start of a development phase or which exists in the organization. Validation is the process of establishing documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that a product, service, or system accomplishes its intended requirements. While this often involves acceptance and suitability with external customers, automation provides significant assistance to the customers.
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Schönfisch, Jörg [Verfasser], and Heiner [Akademischer Betreuer] Stuckenschmidt. "Scalable integration of uncertainty reasoning and semantic web technologies / Jörg Schönfisch ; Betreuer: Heiner Stuckenschmidt." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172205396/34.
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Botla, Purushotham (Purushotham Shriramulu). "Designing personal assistant software for task management using semantic web technologies and knowledge databases." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90684.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 100-102).
Adoption of social network sites and use of smart phones with number of sensors in them has digitized user's activities in real-time. Smart phone applications such as calendar, email, and notes contain lot of user information and provide a view into user's activities, while sensors such as GPS sensor can be used to passively find information about the user. In addition to this user and device data, these devices have access to the Internet that can be leveraged to build powerful applications. Personal assistant software (smart agent) can be used as an interface to the digital world to make the consumption of this information timely and efficient for the user's specific tasks. Goal of the thesis is to design personal assistant software that understands the semantics of the task, is able to decompose the task into multiple tasks within the context of the user and plan these tasks for the user. It will be designed using semantic web technologies and knowledge databases to understand the relations between the tasks. Agent will be integrated with online web-services to harvest the data available on-line with the data available on the device and help the user to manage his or her tasks. Two use cases are covered in this thesis document to explore automation capabilities and planning capabilities of the agent. Design of the agent using the two use cases helped in the design of sub-modules within the agent system, and also highlighted the requirements on external data and knowledge sources.
by Purushotham Botla.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Pargianas, Michael. "Technologies for knowledge management : a case study of the Semantic Web in Rolls-Royce." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/45934/.
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The Semantic Web (SW) represents the next wave in the evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW). It is a web of interlinked documents containing information that can be processed, understood and reasoned over by machines. The machine is the primary user in this Web. The aim of the Semantic Web is to turn the WWW from what can be described today as a gigantic web of pages, to a global database that will permit a more fine-grained access to the information that resides on the Web. Queries initiated by humans or machines retrieve the information of interest. In this thesis the application of concepts of the Semantic Web is being investigated in the context of product unit cost modelling in Rolls-Royce plc. Parametric cost modelling is one of the approaches used to cost estimation. Parametric models rely on statistical techniques that analyse usually historical data to produce regression equations. During this process numerous assumptions become embedded in the models. Understanding the underlying data and assumptions enables judgements to be made about the suitability and applicability of a given cost model to the task at hand and leads to an understanding of the model in question. Passing knowledge intensive artefacts such as cost models over organisational boundaries requires a shared understanding between providers and consumers, of what the model represents and under which circumstances it can be used. A shared understanding is reached when ambiguity regarding possible alternative interpretations is eliminated. Currently this is achieved by providing cost model documentation to the end users. It is hypothesised that the use of explicit vocabularies a.k.a. ontologies to describe the data used in cost models will enable the effective dissemination of costing knowledge within Rolls-Royce plc, from organisations that possess such expertise to the engineering functions that consume it. A corporate semantic web drawing on its inference capabilities can remove some of the documentation overhead expended by the costing organisations in support of the tasks of producing, validating, disseminating, auditing and maintaining these parametric cost models. Such a semantic web can provide designers with cost models in a manner that reflects the change in availability of design information as the design definition evolves from abstract to concrete. Information resources from the corporate intranet can be integrated with costing data to provide contextual information in support of the statistical analysis and validation stages.
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Nucci, Michele. "Design and implementation of flexible systems and user interfaces based on semantic web technologies." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242353.
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Ureche, Oana. "Static code analysis of data-driven applications through common lingua and the Semantic Web technologies." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2015. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/81548.
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Web applications have become increasingly popular due to their potential for businesses' high revenue gain through global reach. Along with these opportunities, also come challenges in terms of Web application security. The increased rise in the number of datadriven applications has also seen an increased rise in their systematic attacks. Cyberattacks exploit Web application vulnerabilities. Attack trends show a major increase in Web application vulnerabilities caused by improper implementation of information-flow control methods and they account for more than 50% of all Web application vulnerabilities found in the year 2013. Static code analysis using methods of information-flow control is a widely acknowledged technique to secure Web applications. Whilst this technique has been found to be both very effective and efficient in finding Web application vulnerabilities, specific tools are highly dependent on the programming language. This thesis leverages Semantic Web technologies in order to offer a common language through source code represented using the Resource Description Framework format, whereby reasoning can be applied to securely test Web applications. In this thesis, we present a framework that extracts source code facts from various programming languages at a variable-level of granularity using Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) generated using language grammars and the ANTLR parser generator. The methodology for detecting Web application vulnerabilities implements three phases: entry points identification, tracing information-flow and vulnerability detection using the Jena framework inference mechanism and rules describing patterns of source code. The approach discussed in this thesis is found to be effective and practical in finding Web application vulnerabilities with the limitation that it can only detect patterns that are used as training data or very similar patterns. False positives are caused by limitations of the language grammar, but they do not affect the accuracy of the security vulnerability detection method in identifying the correct Web application vulnerability.Doctor of Philosophy
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Keppmann, Felix Leif [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Studer. "Decentralized Control and Adaptation in Distributed Applications via Web and Semantic Web Technologies / Felix Leif Keppmann ; Betreuer: R. Studer." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207470260/34.
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Caires, Bruno José de Sales Caires. "Transparent access to relational, autonomous and distributed databases using semantic web and service oriented technologies." Master's thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/128.
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With the constant grow of enterprises and the need to share information across
departments and business areas becomes more critical, companies are turning to
integration to provide a method for interconnecting heterogeneous, distributed and autonomous systems. Whether the sales application needs to interface with the
inventory application, the procurement application connect to an auction site, it seems that any application can be made better by integrating it with other applications.
Integration between applications can face several troublesome due the fact that
applications may not have been designed and implemented having integration in
mind. Regarding to integration issues, two tier software systems, composed by the
database tier and by the “front-end” tier (interface), have shown some limitations. As
a solution to overcome the two tier limitations, three tier systems were proposed in the literature. Thus, by adding a middle-tier (referred as middleware) between the database tier and the “front-end” tier (or simply referred application), three main benefits emerge. The first benefit is related with the fact that the division of software systems in three tiers enables increased integration capabilities with other systems.
The second benefit is related with the fact that any modifications to the individual
tiers may be carried out without necessarily affecting the other tiers and integrated
systems and the third benefit, consequence of the others, is related with less
maintenance tasks in software system and in all integrated systems.
Concerning software development in three tiers, this dissertation focus on two
emerging technologies, Semantic Web and Service Oriented Architecture, combined
with middleware. These two technologies blended with middleware, which resulted
in the development of Swoat framework (Service and Semantic Web Oriented
ArchiTecture), lead to the following four synergic advantages: (1) allow the creation of loosely-coupled systems, decoupling the database from “front-end” tiers, therefore
reducing maintenance; (2) the database schema is transparent to “front-end” tiers
which are aware of the information model (or domain model) that describes what
data is accessible; (3) integration with other heterogeneous systems is allowed by
providing services provided by the middleware; (4) the service request by the “frontend” tier focus on ‘what’ data and not on ‘where’ and ‘how’ related issues, reducing this way the application development time by developers.Supervisor: António Jorge Silva Cardoso
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Aras, Hidir [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Malaka, Rainer [Gutachter] Malaka, and Iryna [Gutachter] Gurevych. "Semantic Interaction in Web-based Retrieval Systems : Adopting Semantic Web Technologies and Social Networking Paradigms for Interacting with Semi-structured Web Data / Hidir Aras ; Gutachter: Rainer Malaka, Iryna Gurevych ; Betreuer: Rainer Malaka." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1151636428/34.
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Ramzan, Asia. "Knowledge engineering with semantic web technologies for decision support systems based on psychological models of expertise." Thesis, Aston University, 2016. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/30081/.
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Machines that provide decision support have traditionally used either a representation of human expertise or used mathematical algorithms. Each approach has its own limitations. This study helps to combine both types of decision support system for a single system. However, the focus is on how the machines can formalise and manipulate the human representation of expertise rather than on data processing or machine learning algorithms. It will be based on a system that represents human expertise in a psychological format. The particular decision support system for testing the approach is based on a psychological model of classification that is called the Galatean model of classification. The simple classification problems only require one XML structure to represent each class and the objects to be assigned to it. However, when the classification system is implemented as a decision support system within more complex realworld domains, there may be many variations of the class specification for different types of object to be assigned to the class in different circumstances and by different types of user making the classification decision. All these XML structures will be related to each other in formal ways, based on the original class specification, but managing their relationships and evolution becomes very difficult when the specifications for the XML variants are text-based documents. For dealing with these complexities a knowledge representation needs to be in a format that can be easily understood by human users as well as supporting ongoing knowledge engineering, including evolution and consistency of knowledge. The aim is to explore how semantic web technologies can be employed to help the knowledge engineering process for decision support systems based on human expertise, but deployed in complex domains with variable circumstances. The research evaluated OWL as a suitable vehicle for representing psychological expertise. The task was to see how well it can provide a machine formalism for the knowledge without losing its psychological validity or transparency: that is, the ability of end users to understand the knowledge representation intuitively despite its OWL format. The OWL Galatea model is designed in this study to help in automatic knowledge maintenance, reducing the replication of knowledge with variant uncertainties and support in knowledge engineering processes. The OWL-based approaches used in this model also aid in the adaptive knowledge management. An adaptive assessment questionnaire is an example of it, which is dynamically derived using the users age as the seed for creating the alternative questionnaires. The credibility of the OWL Galatea model is tested by applying it on two extremely different assessment domains (i.e. GRiST and ADVANCE). The conclusions are that OWLbased specifications provide the complementary structures for managing complex knowledge based on human expertise without impeding the end users’ understanding of the knowledgebase. The generic classification model is applicable to many domains and the accompanying OWL specification facilitates its implementations.
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Wagner, Anna [Verfasser]. "Linked Product Data : Describing Multi-Functional and Parametric Building Products using Semantic Web Technologies / Anna Wagner." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211931110/34.
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Karpowitz, Daniel J. "A Dynamic Workflow Framework for Mass Customization Using Web Service and Autonomous Agent Technologies." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1647.pdf.
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Japala, Pradeep. "A Study Of Travel Agent System in Mobile Devices Using Travel Agent System and Semantic Web Technologies." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1129.
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The thesis work intends to provide the cost implementation method for the travel products from the travel agency to the mobile devices. Mobile devices are now capable of accessing the internet services as their considerable advancements are achieved in the wireless devices. The mobile devices are capable of searching through the web content for extracting the required data. But as the search engines face the problems due to their searching strategies such as keyword based search, semantic web has come into picture. This thesis work explains how semantic web technologies are integrated in the mobile devices for getting the desired products for optimal price. Semantic web is the suitable for the travel agent system as there is exchange of information. The data from the mobile devices is carried through the agents between the travel agency and the devices. This work intends to provide how the semantic web and the multi-agent systems are helpful for searching the desired products of the user (using mobile devices). The agents in the multi-agent system communicate with each other in the travel agent system through the ontologies which are written in the OWL ontology language
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Schönteich, Falko [Verfasser], Ansgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Scherp, and Peer [Gutachter] Kröger. "Secure Distributed Information Management Based on Semantic Web Technologies / Falko Schönteich ; Gutachter: Peer Kröger ; Betreuer: Ansgar Scherp." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/124153778X/34.
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Karpovič, Jaroslav. "Semantinei paieškai naudojamos ontologijos generavimo pagal duomenų bazės schemą procesas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070118_111316-44846.
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Data storing semantic technologies separate it from applications code and gives availability for computers as well as people understand and share semantics in real time. These technologies also enable to add new data source or link between software applications as easy as to draw new link in the model. Unfortunately these technologies are yet not developed and popular as we could notice strong benefits of them in daily life. Introduction of semantic search system is an attempt to show the strong points of semantic technologies. Semantic search is more precise because of its opportunities to narrow handled domain down, it gives more exact result than usual, keyword based search. This advantage is clearly shown when database is very large and is filled with plenty of data. It also gives possibility to retrieve results from multiple distant data sources and form custom or predefined result sets as a central hub for some data domain. Automatic ontology generation based on database schema and metadata is suggested in this work. Such solution ensures that semantic search, which uses generated ontology, serves up-to-date search services even when structure of database is changed.
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Rosina, Peter Christian [Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Semantic Web Technologies for Method Management: Model, Methodology and Enterprise Architecture Integration / Peter Christian Rosina. Betreuer: Bernhard Bauer." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094518042/34.
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Tous, Ruben. "Data integration with XML and semantic web technologies novel approaches in the design of modern data integration systems." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/991303105/04.
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Berndl, Emanuel [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Kosch. "Embedding a Multimedia Metadata Model into a Workflow-driven Environment Using Idiomatic Semantic Web Technologies / Emanuel Berndl ; Betreuer: Harald Kosch." Passau : Universität Passau, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192512022/34.
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Deus, Helena Futscher de. "Improving discovery in the life sciences using semantic Web technologies and linked data: design principles for life sciences knowledge organization systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5766.
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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in BioinformaticsThe data deluge in biology resulting from wide adoption of highthroughput technologies, coupled with the increasing reliance on web technologies for knowledge organization, sharing and discovery, has created unprecedented opportunities, and challenges, for knowledge engineering in Life Sciences domains. The Semantic Web technologies correspond to a set of standards and best practices for improving data sharing and interoperability on the Web that can greatly advance research in data-driven sciences such as translational medicine and systems biology. Current Semantic Web approaches for addressing those challenges have either relied on automatically formatting biological data sources as RDF (Resource Description Framework), the lingua franca of the Semantic Web, or in the development of bio-{)ntologies. Albeit the significant integrative advances that those represent, wide adoption of Semantic Web technologies by the communities acquiring and modeling experimental biological data has remained suboptimal.(...)
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Paulsson, Fredrik. "Modularization of the Learning Architecture : Supporting Learning Theories by Learning Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4712.
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Hussein, Ali Dina. "A social Internet of Things application architecture : applying semantic web technologies for achieving interoperability and automation between the cyber, physical and social worlds." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0024/document.
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Récemment, l'intégration entre les environnements informatiques et de réseautage a été largement promu pour fournir des services intelligents à des utilisateurs finaux ainsi que l'utilisation efficace des ressources. Cette convergence a ouvert la voie à l'émergence de l'internet des objets (IdO). Le paradigme de l'IdO repose principalement sur la fabrication d'objets, appelés les choses, disparaître et se tissent dans le tissu de notre vie de tous les jours pour nous soutenir dans l'accomplissement des activités quotidiennes. L'évolutivité et l'hétérogénéité sont parmi les principaux défis qui entravent la réalisation à grande échelle de services de l'IdO dans la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Afin de relever les défis de l'IdO, un nouveau volet de recherche est venu en avant dans la littérature comme une classe paradigmatique des Cyber-physiques systèmes sociaux (CSPR), qui est connu comme l'Internet social des choses (Siot). Le SIOT se fonde sur la notion soulignée par phénomène petite-monde où la structure sociale permettant relation sociale fondée sur la confiance entre les personnes et les objets, d'une manière qui ressemble à des services de réseaux sociaux traditionnels (SNS) est suggérée de relever les défis de l'IdO. Cependant, depuis SIOT hérite des caractéristiques de différents informatiques et de réseautage environnements (par exemple, l'IdO et SNS) cela, en fait, augmente la quantité et la variété des données contextuelles qui doit être manipulé pour Adaptive fourniture de services dans Siot, qui agit comme le principal défi adressé dans cette thèse. Autrement dit, dans cette thèse, nous proposons la notion de contexte cognitif lorsque, dans certaine situation spatio-temporelle, le raisonnement sur les aspects objectifs du cadre, ce qui représente l'environnement physique, avec le contexte subjective, qui représente les aspects comportementaux et sociaux, est considéré comme l'amélioration des services SIOT intelligence et la capacité d'adaptation aux besoins conjoncturels des utilisateurs. Nous envisageons technologies du Web sémantique pour déployer notre contexte cognitif proposé dans deux domaines d'application; sensible au contexte recommandation des tâches quotidiennes dans les maisons intelligentes et structure sociale dépendant de la situation des choses. Un prototype de preuve de concept a été développé pour chaque domaine d'application, dans le but de démontrer l'intégration harmonieuse des objets sur le Web pour la réalisation de certaines applications. Nos résultats empiriques montrent un niveau de service amélioré l'adaptabilité et la complexité en temps de fonctionner lors de l'application de notre contexte cognitif suggéréThe paradigm of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is being promoted in the literature to boost a new trend wherein the benefits of social network services are exhibited within the network of connected objects i.e., the Internet of Things (IoT). The novel user-friendly interaction framework of the SIoT opens the doors for enhancing the intelligence required to stimulate a shift in the IoT from a heterogeneous network of independently connected objects towards a manageable network of everything. In practice, achieving scalability within the large-scale and the heterogeneous paradigm of the IoT while maintaining on top of its user-friendly and intuitive services to bridge human-to-machine perceptions and encourage the technology’s adaptation is a major challenge which is hindering the realization and deployment of the IoT technologies and applications into people’s daily live. For the goal of handling IoT challenges, as well as improve the level of smart services adaptability to users’ situational needs, in this thesis, novel SIoT-based application architecture is provided. That is, Semantic Web Technologies are envisaged as a means to develop automated, value-added services for SIoT. While, interoperability and automation are essential requirement to seamlessly integrate such services into user life, Ontologies are used to semantically describe Web services with the aim of enabling the automatic invocation and composition of these services as well as support interactions across the cyber, physical and social worlds. On the other hand, handling the variety of contextual data in SIoT for intelligent decision making is another big challenge which is still in very early stages of research. In this thesis we propose a cognitive reasoning approach taking into consideration achieving situational-awareness (SA) in SIoT. This reasoning approach is deployed within two application domains where results show an improved level of services adaptability compared to location-aware services which are previously proposed in the literature
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Hussein, Ali Dina. "A social Internet of Things application architecture : applying semantic web technologies for achieving interoperability and automation between the cyber, physical and social worlds." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0024.
Full textAbstract:
Récemment, l'intégration entre les environnements informatiques et de réseautage a été largement promu pour fournir des services intelligents à des utilisateurs finaux ainsi que l'utilisation efficace des ressources. Cette convergence a ouvert la voie à l'émergence de l'internet des objets (IdO). Le paradigme de l'IdO repose principalement sur la fabrication d'objets, appelés les choses, disparaître et se tissent dans le tissu de notre vie de tous les jours pour nous soutenir dans l'accomplissement des activités quotidiennes. L'évolutivité et l'hétérogénéité sont parmi les principaux défis qui entravent la réalisation à grande échelle de services de l'IdO dans la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Afin de relever les défis de l'IdO, un nouveau volet de recherche est venu en avant dans la littérature comme une classe paradigmatique des Cyber-physiques systèmes sociaux (CSPR), qui est connu comme l'Internet social des choses (Siot). Le SIOT se fonde sur la notion soulignée par phénomène petite-monde où la structure sociale permettant relation sociale fondée sur la confiance entre les personnes et les objets, d'une manière qui ressemble à des services de réseaux sociaux traditionnels (SNS) est suggérée de relever les défis de l'IdO. Cependant, depuis SIOT hérite des caractéristiques de différents informatiques et de réseautage environnements (par exemple, l'IdO et SNS) cela, en fait, augmente la quantité et la variété des données contextuelles qui doit être manipulé pour Adaptive fourniture de services dans Siot, qui agit comme le principal défi adressé dans cette thèse. Autrement dit, dans cette thèse, nous proposons la notion de contexte cognitif lorsque, dans certaine situation spatio-temporelle, le raisonnement sur les aspects objectifs du cadre, ce qui représente l'environnement physique, avec le contexte subjective, qui représente les aspects comportementaux et sociaux, est considéré comme l'amélioration des services SIOT intelligence et la capacité d'adaptation aux besoins conjoncturels des utilisateurs. Nous envisageons technologies du Web sémantique pour déployer notre contexte cognitif proposé dans deux domaines d'application; sensible au contexte recommandation des tâches quotidiennes dans les maisons intelligentes et structure sociale dépendant de la situation des choses. Un prototype de preuve de concept a été développé pour chaque domaine d'application, dans le but de démontrer l'intégration harmonieuse des objets sur le Web pour la réalisation de certaines applications. Nos résultats empiriques montrent un niveau de service amélioré l'adaptabilité et la complexité en temps de fonctionner lors de l'application de notre contexte cognitif suggéréThe paradigm of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is being promoted in the literature to boost a new trend wherein the benefits of social network services are exhibited within the network of connected objects i.e., the Internet of Things (IoT). The novel user-friendly interaction framework of the SIoT opens the doors for enhancing the intelligence required to stimulate a shift in the IoT from a heterogeneous network of independently connected objects towards a manageable network of everything. In practice, achieving scalability within the large-scale and the heterogeneous paradigm of the IoT while maintaining on top of its user-friendly and intuitive services to bridge human-to-machine perceptions and encourage the technology’s adaptation is a major challenge which is hindering the realization and deployment of the IoT technologies and applications into people’s daily live. For the goal of handling IoT challenges, as well as improve the level of smart services adaptability to users’ situational needs, in this thesis, novel SIoT-based application architecture is provided. That is, Semantic Web Technologies are envisaged as a means to develop automated, value-added services for SIoT. While, interoperability and automation are essential requirement to seamlessly integrate such services into user life, Ontologies are used to semantically describe Web services with the aim of enabling the automatic invocation and composition of these services as well as support interactions across the cyber, physical and social worlds. On the other hand, handling the variety of contextual data in SIoT for intelligent decision making is another big challenge which is still in very early stages of research. In this thesis we propose a cognitive reasoning approach taking into consideration achieving situational-awareness (SA) in SIoT. This reasoning approach is deployed within two application domains where results show an improved level of services adaptability compared to location-aware services which are previously proposed in the literature
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Gomes, Ricardo dos Santos Pinto. "Análise da difusão de conhecimento sobre a WEB 3.0." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17128.
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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de InformaçãoA evolução constante dos conceitos e funcionalidades disponíveis sobre a Internet recomenda uma análise ao grau de difusão de conhecimento que os especialistas e estudantes na área de Tecnologias de Informação têm sobre a Web 3.0, sendo esse o grande objetivo desta dissertação. As questões de investigação que serviram de base ao estudo em questão são: Existem barreiras à utilização da Web 3.0? Em caso afirmativo, quais são?; Será que existe uma aceitação do potencial da Web 3.0 por parte dos especialistas/estudantes da área de Tecnologias de Informação?; Quão à vontade estão os especialistas com as tecnologias inerentes à Web Semântica e consequentemente à Web 3.0?; Qual o tempo necessário para que a Web 3.0 esteja implementada na sociedade?. Neste âmbito, foi elaborada uma investigação sobre a terceira fase da Web, que resultou no enquadramento teórico deste estudo, esta base teórica permitirá aferir se os resultados obtidos estão enquadrados na mesma. Neste contexto, foi elaborada uma abordagem quantitativa, através da realização de um questionário com respostas de escala nominal e ordinal. Recolheu-se uma amostra de 170 especialistas e estudantes da área de tecnologias de informação. Os resultados obtidos revelam que é necessário haver uma maior especialização dos programadores nas tecnologias inerentes à Web Semântica e que no geral existe um grau de conhecimento intermédio, por parte da amostra, em relação à Web 3.0 e que esta vai estar assente na sociedade durante os próximos quinze anos.
The constant evolution of the concepts and functionalities available on the Internet recommends an analysis to the degree of diffusion of the knowledge that specialists and students in the field of Information Technologies have on the Web 3.0, being this the big purpose of the present dissertation. The research questions that motivated the study in question are: Are there any barriers to the use of Web 3.0? If so, which one?s?; Exists an acceptance of the potential of Web 3.0 by the specialists/ students in the area of Information Technologies? How comfortable are the experts with the technologies associated to the Semantic Web and consequently to Web 3.0? How long does it take for Web 3.0 to be implemented in society?. Therefore, an investigation was made about the third phase of the Web, to aid as a theoretical framework for the study, this theoretical basis will be benefic to deduce if the results obtained are aligned with what was explored. In order to do this, a questionnaire with nominal and ordinal scale was made. It was obtained a sample of 170 experts and students from the field of Information and Technologies. The results obtained demonstrate that it is necessary more specialization from the developers in the technologies inherent to the Semantic Web and that in general there is a degree of intermediate knowledge in the sample in relation to the Web 3.0 and that this one will be implemented in our society during the next fifteen years.
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Ben, Nejma Ghada. "Applications communautaires spontanées dynamiquement reconfigurables en environnement pervasif." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3045/document.
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Depuis quelques années, des évolutions importantes ont lieu en matière d’infrastructures technologiques. En particulier, la démocratisation des dispositifs mobiles (comme les PCs, Smartphones, Tablettes, etc.) a rendu l’information accessible par le grand public partout et à tout moment, ce qui est l’origine du concept d’informatique ubiquitaire. L’approche classique des systèmes de l’informatique ubiquitaire, qui répondent aux besoins des utilisateurs indépendants les uns des autres, a été bouleversée par l’introduction de la dimension sociale. Ce rapprochement est à l’origine d’une discipline naissante « le pervasive social computing » ou l’informatique socio-pervasive. Les applications socio-pervasives connaissent une véritable expansion. Ces dernières intègrent de plus en plus la notion de communauté. Le succès des applications communautaires se justifie par le but poursuivi par ces dernières qui est de répondre aux besoins des communautés et d’offrir un ‘chez soi’ virtuel, spécifique à la communauté, dans lequel elle va construire sa propre identité et réaliser ses objectifs. Par ailleurs, la notion de communauté représente une source d’informations contextuelles sociales. Elle est, aujourd’hui, au cœur des problématiques de personnalisation et d’adaptation des applications informatiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous étudions sous différents aspects les applications informatiques centrées communautés existantes et soulignons un certain nombre de carences au niveau même de la notion de communauté, des modèles de communautés, ou encore des architectures dédiées à ces applications communautaires, etc. Pour remédier à ces défauts, nous proposons trois principales contributions : Un nouveau type de communauté adapté aux exigences des environnements pervasifs qui vient rompre avec les traditionnelles communautés pérennes thématiques : des communautés éphémères, géolocalisées et spontanées (sans contrainte thématique). Un modèle de communauté basé sur les standards du web sémantique pour répondre aux problèmes liés à l’hétérogénéité de conception des communautés. Une architecture dynamiquement reconfigurable pour promouvoir les communautés spontanées en aidant les utilisateurs nomades à intégrer des communautés environnantes et à découvrir les services dédiés. Nous montrons la faisabilité de nos propositions pour la conception et le développement d’applications communautaires spontanées grâce au prototype Taldea. Enfin, nous testons les approches proposées de découverte de communauté et de services à travers plusieurs scénarios caractérisés par la mobilité et l’ubiquitéAdvances in technology, in particular the democratization of mobile devices (PCs, smartphones and tablets), has made information accessible to anyone at any time and from anywhere while facilitating the capture of physical contextual data, thereby justifying the growing interest for pervasive computing. The classical approach of pervasive computing has been affected by the introduction of the social dimension. Ubiquitous systems do not meet the needs of users independently from each other but do take into account their social context. Fostering the social dimension has given rise to a fast growing research field called Pervasive Social Computing. Applications in this area are increasingly concerned by communities. The contextual information associated with a community can be harnessed for personalization, adaptability and dynamic deployment of services, which are important factors for Pervasive Computing. A community is considered in our approach as a set of distinct social entities that should be supported with services as a single user is. In this thesis, we look into different aspects of existing centered communities applications and we identify several weaknesses and shortcomings in the notion of community, the community models, and the architecture of communities’ applications. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose three main contributions: A new type of communities that fits better with the requirements of pervasive environments: short- lived, geolocated and spontaneous (without thematic constraint) community. Intuitively, it is the type of community that best matches with circumstantial, accidental, incidental or fortuitous situations. This kind of community has to meet specific needs, which are not taken into account by perennial thematic communities. A model for communities based on semantic web standards to overcome the problem of heterogeneity across definitions and models. The ontological representation allows us to organize and represent social data, to make information searches easier for users and to infer new knowledge. A dynamically reconfigurable architecture for fostering spontaneous communities in order to facilitate the user access to communities, information exchange between community members and service discovery. The proposed architecture for community and service discovery have been validated through a prototype called Taldea and have been tested through several scenarios characterized by mobility and ubiquity
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Klotz, Benjamin. "Les technologies sémantiques pour simplifer les interactions inter-domaines pour des véhicules connectés complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS168.
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Les véhicules automobiles sont en pleine évolution de machines purement mécaniques à des entités connectées et autonomes. Tandis que l'accès à cette nouvelle mine de données riches présage des opportunités techniques et économiques, l’interopérabilité entre véhicules reste un défi de taille au vu des nombreux standards sont en compétition, des milliers d'attributs et signaux automobiles dans des formats hétérogènes, et architectures électroniques variées. Afin d'assurer réplicabilité et interopérabilité nous proposons de nous baser sur le Web sémantique. Dans cette thèse nous proposons l'ontologie de signaux et attributs automobiles, VSSo, basée sur les standards VSS et SSN/SOSA. Cette ontologie nous permet de représenter de manière formelle et exhaustive des données produites ou consommées par des véhicules. Nous proposons aussi une ontologie décrivant un contexte de conduite plus général modélisant les évènements et les états des différents acteurs : conducteurs, passagers, véhicules, routes, trajectoires. Nous présentons outils et démonstrateurs mettant en lumière les avantages de cette ontologie dans la prédiction de conduite agressive et des recommandations contextuelles. Nous avons enfin contribué à la spécification W3C du Web des Objets en y alignant nos ontologies. Nous avons apporté des contraintes, usages et implémentations adaptées au domaine automobileVehicles are evolving from purely mechanical entities to highly connected and autonomous ones. While accessing this new rich data leads to new business and technical opportunities, making vehicle fleets interoperable is still highly challenging with competing standards, numerous vehicle signals and attributes, heterogeneous formats and vehicle architectures. In order to ensure replicability and interoperability we propose to use Semantic Web technologies in this thesis. In this thesis, we propose VSSo, a vehicle signal and attribute ontology that builds on the automotive standard VSS, and that follows the SSN/SOSA design pattern. VSSo is comprehensive while being extensible for OEMs, so that they can use additional private signals in an interoperable way. We describe a more general driving context ontology supporting the description of events and states of the various agents of driving situations: drivers, passengers, vehicles, roads, trajectories. We develop tools and demonstrators to highlight the benefit of the driving context ontology in predicting and contextualizing aggressive driving, and recommending POIs and safer routes. Finally, we contribute to the Web of Things specification by aligning our ontologies with it. We provide automotive-specific requirements and implementations, and highlight the benefit of the Web of Things for automotive application developers
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De, Wilde Max. "From Information Extraction to Knowledge Discovery: Semantic Enrichment of Multilingual Content with Linked Open Data." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218774.
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Discovering relevant knowledge out of unstructured text in not a trivial task. Search engines relying on full-text indexing of content reach their limits when confronted to poor quality, ambiguity, or multiple languages. Some of these shortcomings can be addressed by information extraction and related natural language processing techniques, but it still falls short of adequate knowledge representation. In this thesis, we defend a generic approach striving to be as language-independent, domain-independent, and content-independent as possible. To reach this goal, we offer to disambiguate terms with their corresponding identifiers in Linked Data knowledge bases, paving the way for full-scale semantic enrichment of textual content. The added value of our approach is illustrated with a comprehensive case study based on a trilingual historical archive, addressing constraints of data quality, multilingualism, and language evolution. A proof-of-concept implementation is also proposed in the form of a Multilingual Entity/Resource Combiner & Knowledge eXtractor (MERCKX), demonstrating to a certain extent the general applicability of our methodology to any language, domain, and type of content.Découvrir de nouveaux savoirs dans du texte non-structuré n'est pas une tâche aisée. Les moteurs de recherche basés sur l'indexation complète des contenus montrent leur limites quand ils se voient confrontés à des textes de mauvaise qualité, ambigus et/ou multilingues. L'extraction d'information et d'autres techniques issues du traitement automatique des langues permettent de répondre partiellement à cette problématique, mais sans pour autant atteindre l'idéal d'une représentation adéquate de la connaissance. Dans cette thèse, nous défendons une approche générique qui se veut la plus indépendante possible des langues, domaines et types de contenus traités. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de désambiguïser les termes à l'aide d'identifiants issus de bases de connaissances du Web des données, facilitant ainsi l'enrichissement sémantique des contenus. La valeur ajoutée de cette approche est illustrée par une étude de cas basée sur une archive historique trilingue, en mettant un accent particulier sur les contraintes de qualité, de multilinguisme et d'évolution dans le temps. Un prototype d'outil est également développé sous le nom de Multilingual Entity/Resource Combiner & Knowledge eXtractor (MERCKX), démontrant ainsi le caractère généralisable de notre approche, dans un certaine mesure, à n'importe quelle langue, domaine ou type de contenu.
Doctorat en Information et communication
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Sesboué, Matthias. "Κnοwledge graph-based system fοr technical dοcument retrieval : a deductive reasοning-fοcused explοratiοn." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR17.
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Ces travaux de recherche industrielle explorent les systèmes fondés sur les graphes de connaissances (KGBS) pour la Recherche d'Informations (RI). Ils ont été menés en partenariat avec l'entreprise TraceParts. Notre cas d'utilisation considère un corpus de documents techniques composé de modèles CAO et de leurs descriptions. Plutôt que d'exploiter les modèles CAO directement, nous nous concentrons sur leurs textes descriptifs. Aujourd'hui, les graphes de connaissances (KG) deviennent omniprésents dans les systèmes d'information et les applications des entreprises. De nombreux domaines de recherche, tels que la RI, ont adopté les KG. Ces artefacts numériques agrègent des données hétérogènes et représentent les connaissances dans un format interprétable par nos ordinateurs. Ce sont des graphes destinés à accumuler et à transmettre les connaissances du monde réel, dont les nœuds représentent des entités d'intérêt et les arêtes les relations entre ces entités. Les projets d'ingénierie et de construction produisent une multitude de documents techniques. Les systèmes de RI sont essentiels pour les industries de ces domaines afin de retrouver efficacement leurs documents. Ces derniers sont complexes, hétérogènes et spécialisés. Bien que ces industries manipulent des documents avec un contenu textuel, ces textes et leurs métadonnées contiennent des concepts et du vocabulaire spécifiques à chaque domaine. Les KG ouverts et les ontologies existantes décrivent des concepts généraux et manquent des connaissances plus fines requises par les applications de RI. Par conséquent, les outils de RI et de gestion des connaissances nécessitent des KG spécifiques à chaque domaine, construits à partir de documents ou étendant des KG existants. Nous explorons tout d'abord les KG, les ontologies et leur relation. Cette revue de littérature nous amène à proposer notre propre définition de KG. Nous considérons les ontologies comme une composante d'un KG et adoptons une perspective fondée sur le Web Sémantique en proposant des technologies issues des normes du Consortium World Wide Web. Nous explorons également la signification théorique et pratique du terme "sémantique" avant de poursuivre notre revue de la littérature avec la RI, en mettant l'accent sur la RI fondée sur les KG. Nous mettons en avant des similitudes et distinctions dans les utilisations des KG. Nos contributions introduisent d'abord une architecture pour les KGBS. Cette architecture organise l'acquisition, la modélisation et la consommation des connaissances autour du KG. Nous démontrons que les standards du Web Sémantique fournissent une approche pour chaque composante de notre architecture. Nous utilisons cette dernière pour organiser la présentation de la suite de notre travail. Chacune de nos contributions aborde respectivement l'acquisition, la modélisation et la consommation des connaissances. Pour nos travaux, nous n'avons pas de KG préconstruit ou d'accès à des experts du domaine pour le construire. Par conséquent, nous abordons l'acquisition de connaissances en concevant notre approche d'apprentissage automatique d'ontologies (OLAF). Nous utilisons OLAF pour construire des chaînes de traitements et apprendre automatiquement des ontologies à partir de texte. Nous implémentons notre approche sous forme d'une bibliothèque Python open-source et construisons deux ontologies pour évaluer la pertinence, la facilité d'utilisation et la modularité de notre outil. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur la modélisation des connaissances, en présentant notre ontologie de RI dont nous démontrons l'utilisation avec un système de RI fondé sur du raisonnement déductif OWL en temps réel. La démonstration de notre ontologie de RI illustre par une implémentation fondée sur le Web Sémantique de notre définition de KG. Enfin, nous mettons en œuvre à échelle industrielle une approche fondée sur les KG avec des données provenant de la plateforme de contenue CAO www.traceparts.comThese industrial research works explore Knowledge Graph-Based Systems (KGBS) for Information Retrieval (IR). They have been conducted in partnership with the company TraceParts. TraceParts is one of the world's leading Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-content platforms for Engineering, Industrial Equipment, and Machine Design. Hence, our use case considers a technical document corpus composed of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models and their descriptions. Rather than leveraging the CAD models, we focus on their descriptive texts. Knowledge Graphs (KG) are ubiquitous in today's enterprise information systems and applications. Many academic research fields, such as Information Retrieval (IR), have adopted KGs. These digital knowledge artefacts aggregate heterogeneous data and represent knowledge in a machine-readable format. They are graphs intended to accumulate and convey knowledge of the real world, whose nodes represent entities of interest and whose edges represent relations between these entities. The Architecture Engineering and Construction projects produce a wealth of technical documents. IR systems are critical to these industries to retrieve their complex, heterogeneous, specialised documents quickly. Healthcare is another similar domain with such a need. Though these industries manage documents with some textual content, such text and the metadata contain domain-specific concepts and vocabularies. Open KGs and the existing ontologies often describe concepts that are too high-level and need more fine-grained knowledge required by IR applications. Hence, companies' IR and knowledge management tools require domain-specific KGs built from scratch or extending existing ones. Throughout our literature review, we first explore Knowledge Graphs (KG), ontologies, and how they relate to and derive our unifying KG definition. We consider ontologies one component of a KG and take a Semantic Web perspective, proposing illustrative candidate technologies from the World Wide Web Consortium Semantic Web standards. We also explore the theoretical and practical meaning of the term "semantics". We then explore the literature on IR, focusing on KG-based IR. We break down this review section, first exploring the literature on IR using the term "knowledge graph" and then the one using the term "ontology". We thereby point out some similarities and distinctions in the KG usages. Our contributions first introduce a KGBS architecture relating knowledge acquisition, modelling, and consumption arranged around the KG. We demonstrate that Semantic Web standards provide an approach for each KGBS component. To organise our work, we follow this system architecture; hence, each of our contributions addresses knowledge acquisition, modelling, and consumption, respectively. For our work, we do not have a pre-built KG or access to domain experts to construct it. Hence, we address knowledge acquisition by designing our Ontology Learning Applied Framework (OLAF) collaboratively with some of our research group members. We use OLAF to build pipelines to automatically learn an ontology from text. We implement our framework as an open-source Python library and build two ontologies to assess the OLAF's pertinence, usability, and modularity. We then focus on knowledge modelling, presenting our IR ontology and demonstrating its usage with an OWL reasoning-powered IR system. While most IR systems leverage reasoning in an offline process, our approach explores OWL reasoning at runtime. While demonstrating our IR ontology, we illustrate a Semantic Web-based implementation of our KG definition by pointing out each KG component in our IR ontology demonstration. Finally, we tackle the CAD model retrieval challenge our industrial partner TraceParts faces by implementing a KG-based approach at scale and using real-world data. We illustrate moving from an existing text-based technical document retrieval system to a KG-based one. We leverage real-world TraceParts
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Clunis, Julaine Sashanie. "Designing an Ontology for Managing the Diets of Hypertensive Individuals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1453196523.
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Prudhomme, Claire. "Ingénierie de simulation multi-agents conduite par la connaissance pour évaluer l'efficacité des plans de gestion de catastrophes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK060.
Full textAbstract:
La protection des personnes contre les catastrophes est une tâche importante des gouvernements et des experts, qui s'effectue en définissant des plans de gestion de catastrophes. Les stratégies de réponse en cas de catastrophe visent à réduire le nombre de victimes et l'impact économique. La sélection du plan de réponse le plus approprié pour des situations de catastrophe spécifiques nécessite une évaluation de ces plans. Toutefois, cette évaluation est limitée par le coût élevé des exercices et la spécificité des modèles de simulation existants. L'approche proposée dans cette thèse combine les techniques du Web Sémantique et la simulation multi-agents pour évaluer les plans de réponse de gestion de catastrophes. Elle est composée de quatre étapes : (1) la modélisation des connaissances en matière de gestion des catastrophes, (2) la modélisation des simulations, (3) la conception des simulations, et (4) l'analyse des résultats des simulations à partir de regroupements. Tout d'abord, les connaissances explicites et les données d'experts sont utilisées pour créer un modèle de connaissances pour la gestion des catastrophes. Deuxièmement, les modèles de simulation sont conçus sur la base du modèle de connaissances. Troisièmement, la programmation générative est utilisée pour la conception des simulations. Enfin, les résultats des simulations sont utilisés pour calculer l'efficacité du plan pour chaque simulation. Le regroupement par apprentissage non supervisé permet d'identifier le contexte d'application lié à l'efficacité calculée. L'efficacité et le contexte d'application associé enrichissent le modèle de connaissance initial. Cette approche a été appliquée à une étude de cas basée sur le plan français NOVI dans la ville de Montbard, en FranceProtecting humans from disasters has been an active mission of governments and experts through the definition of disaster management plans. Defining disaster response strategies is crucial in order to reduce the number of victims and the economic impact. In order to select which response plan is best suited to a specific disaster situation, these plans must be evaluated. However, such evaluation is limited by the high cost of exercises and the specificity of existing simulation models. The approach defended in this thesis combines techniques from Semantic Web and multi-agent simulation to evaluate disaster management response plans. It is composed of four steps : (1) modeling disaster management knowledge, (2) modeling simulations, (3) designing simulations, and (4) analyzing simulation results based on clustering. First, explicit expert knowledge and data is used to create a knowledge model for disaster management. Second, simulation models are conceived based on the knowledge model. Thirdly, generative programming is used for simulation design. Finally, simulation results are used to calculate the plan’s effectiveness for each simulation. Unsupervised learning clustering identifies the application context related to the calculated effectiveness. The effectiveness and the associated application context enrich the initial knowledge model. This approach was applied to a case study based on the French NOVI plan in the city of Montbard, France