Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sémantique Argumentative'
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Salsmann, Margot. "Les relations du langage à la réalité dans une sémantique argumentative." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0021.
Full textThis thesis offers a philosophical analysis of argumentative semantics, particularly in its last radically non-referring version : the Semantic Blocks Theory, currently developed by Marion Corel and Oswald Ducrot. It is a question of understanding the connections the language has with what is not itself from a semantics that doesn't raise the reference relation to the basic of meaning and that gives to language a communication function of rather than a function of description or information. The objective is on the one hand to extend the reflection on the fact that the concept of the reference is not the whole of the language and on the other hand to develop a concept of the reference compatible with argumentative semantics. For that purpose, we traced the history of the reflection on language, from the antiquity to the 21st century, around the concepts of predicate, meaning and argumentation in order to clarify the distinctive feature of argumentative semantics. Afterwards, we compared the classic judgements (predicative and existential) with the argumentative judgements which the Semantic Blocks Theory builds. Finally, through the linguistic analysis of examples concerning the proper noun, the analytical judgment and the description, we tried to determine how argumentative semantics may explain the relations between speech and reality (or mind), by thinking the meaning without the concept of reference
Camus, Zoé. "Pour une description sémantique des assemblées citoyennes politiques : étude de Marinaleda, du NPA et de Nuit debout." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0146.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to characterize the semantic aspects of three assemblies, of an Andalusian village, Marinaleda, of the Nouveau parti anticapitaliste (New anticapitalist party) and, of Nuit debout, by considering the different interactions as the same type, a type that we name political civic assemblies. Any interaction taking place within this type of assembly constitutes a common work of preparation, behind the scenes, of what will be officially shown in the name of the collective, in the public discourse.The approach is situated within the paradigm of argumentative semantics. We adopt and extend the Semantic Block Theory (Carel, 2011) according to which semantic entities are discursive possibilities, as well as the Semantics of social conflicts (Lescano, 2017) which states that discursive possibilities exist in semantic spaces where different discourses - both convergent and antagonistic - act and thereby form the semantic structure of conflicts.The main hypothesis states that any utterance appearing in a political civic assembly is not an action on the convictions of individuals, but rather an instrument of a struggle for the stabilization of certain elements and the destabilization of others in a semantic space. According to this hypothesis, any description of semantic properties of this type of interaction amounts to the study of different actions that utterances perform on the semantic space of an assembly, that is, the installation of particular semantic entities and the production of relations between these entities.By analyze the three assemblies, we observe a series of characteristic phenomena for their semantic functioning: the act of voting which we consider not as a mode of obstructing the decision-making process, but as the means to (de)stabilize the power of speaking; interventions that might seem more central than others, which we consider as results of a construction of networks of asymmetrical semantic relations; mechanisms whereby opposing discourse is discredited, which we consider as a product of dependencies between antagonistic semantic units.Our study shows that the objective of this type of assembly is not to persuade nor to reach a consensus. This could have been a possible objective. Yet, this dissertation affirms that in this particular type of interaction, the participating discourses are structurally oriented towards the (de)stabilization of discursive forces
Esta tesis trata de caracterizar los aspectos semánticos de asambleas de la aldea andaluza de Marinaleda, del partido político francés "Nouveau Parti Anticapitaliste" (NPA) y del movimiento social francés Nuit debout, postulando que las interacciones orales que tienen lugar en estas asambleas pertenecen a un tipo único que llamamos asambleas ciudadanas políticas. En estas asambleas se efectúa un trabajo de preparación previa de los discursos que serán desplegados oficialmente en nombre del colectivo. Nuestro acercamiento, situado en el paradigma de la semántica argumentativa, reafirma y prolonga los principios de la Teoría de los Bloques Semánticos (Carel, 2011) según los cuales las entidades semánticas son únicamente posibilidades discursivas, así como la semántica de los conflictos sociales (Lescano, 2017), que postula que estas posibilidades discursivas existen en espacios semánticos sobres los cuales actúan diferentes discursos, tanto convergentes como antagonistas. Haremos la hipótesis que los enunciados surgen en las asambleas ciudadanas políticas como herramientas de una lucha por la estabilización de algunos elementos y la desestabilización de otros en un espacio semántico - lo cual se opone a la idea que los discursos surgen para actuar sobre las convicciones de los individuos. Desde entonces, describir las propiedades semánticas de este tipo de interacciones es estudiar los tipos de acciones que los enunciados pueden efectuar sobre el espacio semántico de una asamblea, las entidades semánticas que los discursos pueden instalar y las relaciones que se producen entre estas entidades. A partir de la observación de diferentes asambleas, mostraremos fenómenos que caracterizan su funcionamiento semántico : el voto aparece como un dispositivo de (des)estabilización de potencias de habla, y no como un modo de cierre de la decisión; las intervenciones que pueden parecer más centrales que otras son el resultado de la construcción de redes de relaciones semánticas asimétricas; los mecanismos de descrédito del discurso ajeno son determinados por la creación de dependencias entre unidades semánticas antagónicas. Finalmente, nuestro estudio sugiere que el objetivo de este tipo de asambleas no es persuadir ni llegar a un consenso, no porque estos objetivos no sean alcanzables, sino porque los discursos que participan en estas interacciones están estructuralmente orientados hacia la (des)estabilización de potencias discursivas
Menuet, Laetitia. "Le discours sur l'espace judiciaire européen : analyse du discours et sémantique argumentative." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133442.
Full textMenuet, Laëtitia. "Le discours sur l'espace judiciaire européen : analyse du discours et sémantique argumentative." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3038.
Full textThis thesis studies the discourse of the European Union about the European Judicial Network between 1996 and 1999. Using discourse analysis and lexicometrics within the theoretical framework of argumentative semantics, it explores the meaning of words associated with the expression of « area of freedom, security and justice ». The research mainly aims at understanding how the discourse reappropriate universal values in order to construct, through argumentative processes, a European identity that embodies the European Judicial Network. After presenting the political context and the linguistic theories used in the analysis methods, the thesis examines the conditions of discourse production and its semantic particularities. It argues that the discourse constructs an identity based on the values (liberty, security and justice) conveyed by the three pillars of the European Judicial Network : institutions, organised crime and citizens. The thesis then puts forward the idea of a “discursive normalisation” that helps, through its linguistic forms, to legitimate the identity construction and its political issues. It also defines a process of “argumentative manipulation” resulting from this “discursive normalisation” implementing a very distinctive linguistic frame. According to those results, the research concludes that normalisation and manipulation generate circularity of the discourse, which is based on the conflict between two discursive orientations, on the one hand security and on the other hand democracy and the Rule of law
Cozma, Ana-Maria. "Approche argumentative de la modalité aléthique dans la perspective de la sémantique des possibles argumentatifs, application au discours institutionnel de la bioéthique." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3021.
Full textThe object of this study is twofold: it focuses on the semantic notion of alethic modality, on the one hand, and on the analysis of the institutional discourse of bioethics, on the other. From the standpoint of both semantics and discourse analysis, we endorse a new, argumentative (in Ducrot’s sense), perspective on alethic modality. This change of perspective relies on a semantic theory favourable to the integration of modality: Galatanu’s Argumentative Probabilities Semantics. By establishing a constant connection between language and discourse level, APS views modality as a means, rather than a goal. This leads us to develop a system of modal values argumentatively founded, which gives the notion of modality more deepness, while providing a better integration within a semantic analysis. Within this system, we draw a series of parallels so as to highlight alethic modality’s specificities. Modality, which is inextricably linked to the enunciative process of ‘modalisation’, is an excellent tool for semantic and discourse analysis, as it gives access to the speakers’ representations of the world, of themselves and of the others which underly their discourse. We make use of modality in order to show the characteristics of the CCNE ‘Opinions’: a) their prescriptive function, coupled with a delocutive performativity and the ‘alethisation’ of deontics and ethics and b) the modal tension between the alethic-deontic-ethic and the pragmatic-volition modalities. Our analysis is carried out on microsemantic and macrosemantic levels, focusing both on the meaning of the words life, death and birth, and on the modal system pertaining to the ‘Opinions’
Sakellariou, Angélique. "Description sémantique du paratatikos ("passé imperfectif") en grec moderne : approche argumentative/ Angélique Sakellariou." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA021.
Full textCui, Mengchao. "La sémantique argumentative et la traduction : du mot au texte. : l'exemple d'Un Coeur Simple de Flaubert." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0136.
Full textFrom a reflection on the language and on the transfer operations, this thesis tries to put parallel the different visions of the translation and those of the language, in particular the Theory of Argumentation In the language (ADL) of Anscombre and Ducrot and its radical version: The Theory of Semantic Blocks (TBS) Of Carel.We try to prouve that the central notion of translation is that of fidelity in the meaning from which comes the interest of introducing a theory of meaning, because the debate of the criteria of translation depends on the images we have on the meaning. We take an argumentative approach of the language in the translation and try to prolong the reflection on criteria of good translation. We will also justify whether the fact of being referential / non-referential affects the production of discourse and its organization. In order to do this, we go back to the history of translation from antiquity to the twenty-first century and dissect the process of translation into different phases around the notion of fidelity. We verify the reflection on language especially the notions of meaning and illuminate the links between translation and TBS. Finally, through comparative linguistic analysis of examples of lexical analysis, grammatical time, and semantic functions, an attempt is made to determine how TBS responds in a certain way to the question of betrayal of the translation
Khalifa, Ayoub. "Analyse du discours onusien : le dialogue autour du nucléaire iranien (2005-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0017.
Full textOur research, rooted in the Language Sciences, is part of an interdisciplinary approach based essentially on Critical Discourse Analysis. The study articulates Naturel Language Processing, Lexicometry, Argumentative Semantics and Aristotelian Rhetoric. It is a question of studying the United Nations discourse on the Iranian nuclear crisis during the ten years between 2005 and 2015. The study is conducted on a closed and predefined corpus, in order to discern the various linguistic and discursive processes that command the discourse. It is also a question of apprehending the stakes as well as the legal and political origins of this diplomatic crisis. Our major challenge is to understand the discourse in its multiple dimensions, linguistic, discursive, political and legal. By what discourse processes does the UN build, represent its identity and aims at « maintaining international peace and security »? What role does the Organization's value system play in argumentation, in the construction of its identity, as well as in the legitimacy of the policies adopted? How the discourse operates, through its normativity in favor of the argumentation, with a view to further reinforcement of the measures adopted by the various organisms of the United Nations? These are the questions we respond in this thesis. The apprehension of linguistic and discursive impacts is realized in the light of the political and legal data that constitute an interpretive framework for the analysis. The objective is to identify the construction of the United Nations identity through notions of values, by discursive mechanisms
Chanay, Hugues de. "Structuration des champs lexicaux : perspectives sémantiques, cognitives, argumentatives." Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO20003.
Full textAn empiric study of the large lexical field of words referring to verbal behaviours shows that lexical meanings convey two independent types of categorization, that is semantic on the one hand and grammatical on the second hand. The description of the first combines three quite different theoric models: the structural approach, the theory of semantic prototypes and the theory of lexical topoi. In associating topoi with some features which belong to the structure of fields, it is possible to underline and treat phenomenons of so-called collective polysemy. Furthermore, every categorization can be negociated and speakers actually make use of these three components - structural features, prototypes, topoi - of lexical meanings. This is demonstrated in several examples of negociations about for instance mentir, critiquer, insulter, and the opposition between marie and celibataire. With regards to the latter, it is possible to consider that parts of speech (substantives, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) provide a cross categorization throughout the fields, which can be described by “notions” like substance, processus, property, that are related both to macrogeneric semantic features and to the psychomecanic theory of incidence. Adverbs - the part of speech we concentrate on - attribute properties to scenes. Their incidences are contextually determinated - with respect of the semantic field they belong to - by the semantic isotopies with linguistic, pragmatic, or referential context
Kalokerinos, Alexios. "Pour une sémantique discursive des phénomènes scalaires." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0326.
Full textThe semantics of scalar phenomena has given rise to a controversy between the schools of argumentation and information as theories of meaning. The first part of this thesis (chapter 1 concentrates on numbers, chapter 2 on "even) is devoted to a presentation of this controversy. The conclusion is that an argumentative theory best accounts for linguistic inference. Such a theory can be qualified as a type of discursive syntax. This discursive syntax is then further developed in chapter 3. The rsult is a theoretical frame based on the notion of argumentative relation. The defintion of this notion is based on appraisal of topoi (argumentative principles relating scalar predicates). In chapter 4 scalar conditional expressions are studied form an argumentative perspective which enlarges the theoretical frame. This frame is then applied and put to the proof on argumentative morphemes whose function is to reverse the orientation of discourse
Fatello, Fabienne. "Les emplois de "quando" dans différents genres textuels du latin préclassique au latin postclassique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL002.
Full textThis corpus-based study analyses the use of quando (quandoque, quandoquidem, quandocumque) in different textual genres from Early to Postclassical Latin. From the Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina CD-ROM (BTL-4) we have listed the instances of quando in Plaute’s Comedies, Cicero’s Discourses, Lucretius’ De rerum natura, Livy’s History of Rome and Seneca’s Moral Essays. Quando can be used as an interrogative, indefinite and relative adverb or as a temporal or causal conjunction. But the classification of these different uses is not possible without a macro-syntactic approach that combines morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative points of view. First, the study of this multifunctional term raises the question of its integration in the sentence structure. Thus the functional interference of its use as a relative adverb and as a temporal conjunction shows that the frontiers between syntactical functions are malleable. Furthermore, the semantic ambiguity invites us to extend the analyses to the contextual inferences to distinguish for instance its temporal and causal use. Moreover we cannot analyse the use of quando without considering its illocutionary force: for instance the questions introduced by quando perform a great variety of speech acts which reveal certain characteristics of the literary genre. Finally, the methods of Functional Grammar are necessary to study the level quando affects in the sentence structure, as the causal subordinate clause provides information on the interpersonal level and can be considered as a disjunct satellite. In the light of these considerations, it is evident that an eclectic approach is necessary to study the use of quando: only different linguistic approaches, combining the morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative point of view in an empirical description of its occurrences, can define the value of the different uses of quando. Thus the significance of this study resides in the multifunctionality of quando which allows us to consider a large variety of linguistic and extra-linguistic problems occurring not only at multiple levels of the sentence structure, but extended even to the larger context of the speech interaction and intimately linked to the authors writing techniques and the speakers discursive intentions
Metzger, Xavier. "Le terme pardon : emplois et signification." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH138/document.
Full textThis doctoral work aims to analyze the meaning of the term forgiveness in all its uses in contemporary French.The theoretical framework of the argumentative semantics and the TBS allowed us to schematize and understand not only the differences of meaning in the uses of the common noun but also to discern the mode of action of the phrase in all its argumentative functions.After setting aside what belongs to the encyclopedic construction of the notion of forgiveness, namely the character of a sovereign act, the argumentative analysis has allowed to describe all the richness of the meaning of the term as a state, a process and a completion, as well as its fundamental promise. It has also led us to dissociate on the one hand the performative excuse act in repairs and, on the other hand, various argumentative functions in conversational and politeness jobs.Our approach has enriched the contributions of the dictionary and the lexicological approach. At the end of the analysis of a hundred examples, we were able to bring the term forgiveness closer to that of peace
Kida, Kohei. "Une sémantique non-véritative des énoncés conditionnels : essai de traitement argumentatif." Paris, EHESS, 1998. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01520274.
Full textIn the framework of the theory of 'argumentation within language'- adopting in particular one of its recent versions- we try to semantically describe phenomena regarding what we call 'conditional' utterances ('if it's fine- peter will come')- without using any concept of truth condition semantics. We introduce some new concepts : 'normative argumentation'- 'transgressive argumentation'- 'internal argumentation'- 'external argumentation'- 'external converse'- and use them in order to account for the difference between conditional utterances like 'if peter eat a little- he will be better' and 'if peter eat little- he will be better'- for the semantic interaction between antecedent and consequent of a conditional utterance- for the semantic effect the insertion of 'even' would have on a conditional utterance- for the difference between 'if it's fine- peter will come' and 'only if it's fine- peter will come'- and for the close relatedness of two conditional utterances like 'if it's fine- peter will come' and 'if it isn't fine- peter will not come'. We suggest some principles of wide application- in that they govern conditional utterances as well as simpler utterances like 'peter is cautious' or 'peter is small'
Varga, Simon. "Frames und Argumentation Integrative Beschreibung semantischer und argumentativer Bedeutungsstrukturen am Beispiel des parlamentarischen Kernenergiediskurses in Deutschland und Frankreich." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH010.
Full textFrame semantics and argumentation analysis are among the most popular research methodologies in discourse linguistics. Over the course of the last few years, semantic frames and argumentative topoi have been used in numerous studies to analyse the lexical and argumentative dimension of discourse. However, their simple addition contradicts one of the most basic premises of frame semantics, namely, the idea that frames are not only a tool of semantic analysis but also the universal format of conceptual representation structuring our know ledge of and our interactions with the world that surrounds us. Semantic frames, thus, potentially allow for a description of all knowledge structures underlying discourse at different levels of abstraction. By integrating the concept of argumentative relations in the established methodology of frame analysis, these different dimensions of discursive meaning construction become describable in frame semantic terms. These argumentative relations between discourse elements at the text surface can be seen as mirroring equivalent relations between the constituent elements of cognitive frames at the conceptual level. This approach will be used in the empirical section to analyse the parliamentary discourse on nuclear energy in the French Assemblée nationale and the German Bundestag from 1946 to 2012
Romero, Clara. "L'intensité en français contemporain : analyse sémantique et pragmatique." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081992.
Full textʿAbd, al-Raḥmān Ṭāhā. "Essai sur les logiques des raisonnements argumentatifs et naturels." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA04A062.
Full textDelobelle, Jérôme. "Ranking-based Semantics for Abstract Argumentation." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0405/document.
Full textDung’s theory of abstract argumentation is a formalism that represents conflicting information using an argumentation framework. Extension-based semantics have been introduced to determine, given an argumentation framework, the justifiable points of view on the acceptability of the arguments. However, these semantics are not appropriate for some applications. So alternative semantics, called ranking-based semantics, have recently been evolved. Such semantics produces, for a given argumentation framework, a ranking on its arguments from the most acceptable to the least one(s). The overall aim of this thesis is to propose and study ranking-based semantics in the context of abstract argumentation. We first define a new family of ranking-based semantics based on a propagation principle which allow us to control the influence of non-attacked arguments on the acceptability of arguments. We investigate the properties of these semantics, the relationships between them but also with other existing semantics. Then, we provide a thorough analysis of ranking-based semantics in two different ways. The first one is an empirical comparison on randomly generated argumentation frameworks which reveals insights into similarities and differences between ranking-based semantics. The second one is an axiomatic comparison of all these semantics with respect to the proposed properties aiming to better understand the behavior of each semantics. At last, we question the ability of the existing ranking-based semantics to capture persuasion settings and introduce a new parametrized ranking-based semantics which is more appropriate in this context
Hwang, Hajin. "Etude sémantique des interrogations rhétoriques en français et en coréen : statut argumentatif et polyphonique." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0006.
Full textThe present study aims at giving an account of some features of the rhetorical questions considered as a phenomenon both uncommon and heterogeneous in comparison with an interrogation or an assertion. For this purpose, we have introduced in our study both the theory of argumentation developed by j. -c. Anscombre and 0. Ducrot and the theory of polyphony as established by 0. Ducrot. The first part is devoted to rhetorical questions in french which constitue the main ob jet of this research. Through the comparison between a rhetorical questions and the corresponding assertion, we have shown that the first can't be identified to the latter despite the semantic closeness of both utterances. Furthermore, in order to clearly represent the obviousness of the answer, which stands as the essential attribute of the rhetorical question, we have studied the indications allowing for the rhetorical interpretation of an interrogation. In chapter iv et v of the first part, we set forward the instructions of rhetorical questions, both with or without polarity inversion. These instructions are quite useful insofar as they give an account of the process by which the rhetorical interpretation is produced as well as of various discursive roles of rhetorical questions. The study of rhetorical questions treated in the second part is aimed at a quite different objective than the study of rhetorical questions in french. As a matter of fact, in this second part of our research, we have presented some features of rhetorical questions in korean language and shown that the results yielded in french can exmplain the functioning of rhetorical questions in other language
Kharbachi, Mostafa. "Etude de quelques mouvements argumentatifs dans une intéraction adulte-enfant : (8-9 ans et 9-10 ans)." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H090.
Full textGómez-Jordana, Sonia. "Le proverbe : vers une définition linguistique : étude sémantique des proverbes français et espagnols contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0126.
Full textThe proverb is analysed from a linguistic point of view. Our study concerns French and Spanish contemporary proverbs. It starts from two corpora : one of proverbs out of context, the other of saws within context. Starting from recent linguistic theories, such as the theory of argumentation in language or the stereotype theory, proverbs are defined as a possible universal linguistic category. We study the surface form of proverbs. Seven moulds are drawn in the structure of the proverb. Furthermore, a linguistic hypothesis on the semantic formation of the proverb is put forward. Moreover, the proverb is described as a non-fixed formula, since it evolves in such a way that its composition often depends on the language and period in which it is expressed. To conclude, we study the discursive functioning of the saws. The proverb is seen in this work as an active and live formula that permits us to consolidate our utterances
Nishiwaki, Saori. "Ironie et argumentation : l'exemple de la campagne présidentielle de 2012." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0111.
Full textRochaix, Valérie. "La construction linguistique du patrimoine." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2011/document.
Full textThis research has a dual purpose : one is semantic. The aim is to uncover the reconstruction of the meaning of artifacts that goes with their integration into the cultural heritage. In the Semantics of Argumentative Probabilities by Galatanu, it provides an analysis of the discursive construction of the lexical significance of heritage, heritagization and to heritagize and the mechanisms of semantic contamination their use can generate, especially on the words church and hospital. This analysis is based on a dictionary corpus, surveys to the general public and cultural heritage experts. It also uses the articulation between the SPA and the Speech acts theories, in order to carry out a modal approach to the illocutionary force of the speech act , in a semasiological way, from the words, and an onomasiological one, from interviews with cultural heritagization activists. Another purpose is to use this semantic approach to optimize the structuring of a cultural heritage data system. On the basis of the formal description of cultural heritage and according to the constraints of the preexisting textual and contextual datas, we propose an ontology of the cultural heritagization, likely to enhance the heritage aspects of an object inscribed in a database. Applied to an interdisciplinary object, our analysis has been fed by humanities and knowledge engineering. It intends to offer a linguistic point of view to feed the debates of concern in other disciplines, such as the question of the heritage makers’ status and alternative strategies to institutional heritagization
Yun, Bruno. "Argumentation techniques for existential rules." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS011/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate reasoning techniques with argumentation graphs generated from inconsistent knowledge bases expressed in the existential rules language. The existential rules language is a subset of first-order logic in which a knowledge base is composed of two layers: a fact layer and an ontology layer.The fact layer consists of factual knowledge (usually stored in relational databases) whereas the ontology layer consists of reasoning rules of deduction and negative constraints.Since the classical query answering approaches fail in the presence of inconsistencies, we chose to work with an conflict-tolerant reasoning approach that is based on building graphs with structured arguments and attacks from the deductions of the underlying logical knowledge base.The three main results are the following. First, we study how argumentation graphs are obtained from knowledge bases expressed in existential rules, the structural properties of such graphs and show several insights as to how their generation can be improved. Second, we propose a framework that generates an argumentation graph with a special feature called sets of attacking arguments instead of the regular binary attack relation and show how it improves upon the current state-of-the-art using an empirical analysis. Third, we interest ourselves to ranking-based approaches in both the context of query answering and argumentation reasoning. In the former, we introduce a framework that is based on ranking maximal consistent subsets of facts (repairs) in order to have a more productive query answering. In the latter, we set up the foundation theory for semantics that rank arguments in argumentation graphs with sets of attacking arguments
Widlöcher, Antoine. "Analyse macro-sémantique des structures rhétoriques du discours : cadre théorique et modèle opératoire." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2042.
Full textIn the general field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), this work concerns the analysis of the rhetorical structure of discourse, which consists in the argumentative organization of texts through various stereotypes. Our main goal was to define a theoretical and computational framework allowing formal modeling and automatic exploration of various discursive structures involved in this textual organization. We notably propose to describe those structures using the three elementary categories of units, relations and schemas, and outline recurrent properties of discursive patterns and clues which signal their presence: variable granularity, fuzziness, possible non-linearity and non-sequentiality, local/global interactions. . . In order to give a formal description of the studied linguistic phenomena and to make their computational analysis possible, in a corpus-based approach, we propose the CDML formalism (Contraint-based Discourse Modeling Language). It allows to design formal models of discursive patterns by means of constraints expressed on textual objects whose nature (morphologic, syntactic, semantic. . . ) and whose granularity level may vary. A CDML parser has been implemented and may be used to apply such a formal description to a corpus and automatically detect textual structures satisfying the given constraints. In addition, we present two case studies dedicated to significantly different discursive patterns and illustrating our analysis principles, formal model and computational approach. The first one concerns Charolles' discourse framing theory. The second considers contrastive relations between various kind of textual objects, at different granularity levels
Yao, Jingchen. "Temporalité et causalité : le cas de "alors" dans "Le Petit Prince"." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0005.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the questions of “temporality” and “causality” which are related to the use of alors in The Little Prince. After having reviewed the main analyzes given to this word, we show that the referential approach, mainly adopted by these analyzes, presents flaws in order to account for the linguistic phenomena traditionally considered “temporal” and “causal” concerning the uses of alors. As an alternative solution, we take an argumentative perspective by choosing as the theoretical framework the Semantic Blocks Theory (TBS) developed by Carel in the 90s. This theory is not interested in the question of the truth-conditions, and it proposes to describe the meaning of the utterances by an argumentative sequence (of which the two segments are connected by conjunctions such as donc, par conséquent, si, de ce fait, etc., or by conjunctions such as même si, cependant, pourtant, bien que, etc.) and by an aspect concretized by this sequence. Thus, by using the technical tools provided by the TBS, we identify four uses of alors : the “contextuel” use, the “semi-causal” use, the “détaillant” use and the “articulateur” use. In addition, we also question the origin of the “causality” and “temporality” senses which have been attached to certain uses of alors. According to us, the sense of “causality” attributed to some alors is due to the unit between the concatenation and the aspect concretized by this sequence. The sense of “temporality”, for its part, is related to the notion of “discordant concordance” which characterizes, according to Aristotle, the composition of the plot. These reflections allow us to overcome the opposition causality / temporality which traditionally characterizes the employment of alors, and to show, on the one hand, that the fundamental value of the use of the alors is not referential but argumentative, and other on the other hand, this word actively participates in the determination of the meaning of a statement
Anquetil, Sophie. "Peut-on classer les actes de langage indirects? : étude d'un paradoxe sémantique." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1553.
Full textMachado, Julio Cesar. "O paradoxo a partir da teoria dos blocos semânticos : língua, dicionário e história." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7810.
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In general, the idea of this work is to investigate the paradox, our object, by a linguistic and argumentative way, from the Theory of Semantic blocks (TBS). And specifically, for this, we adopted as main methods, two gestures: the relationship between linguistic elements as analysis condition, on the one hand, and the interdependence of its structure and significance, on the other hand, both in the non- use (language) and the use of language (enunciation). This second method of interdependence, when applied to our object, the paradox, becomes our first central hypothesis, the possibility of semantic paradox: the strange and difficult linguisticargumentative consideration of opposite significances, but in the interdependent state. And in this context we will also develop a second central hypothesis: the argumentative cube, while theoretical actualization of the argumentative square (the basic theoretical framework of our theory). Organizationally, the resourcefulness of this work will be carrying out in several specific strands, distributed throughout the chapters, namely: theory / paradox (divided into "Argumentation in the Language" / paradox, at first, and "Theory of Semantic Blocks "/ paradox, in a second stage); discours / paradox; dictionaries / paradox; "Historic Semantics of Enunciation" / paradox; relationship between languages / paradox and anteriority / paradox. In addition to these relational axes established to better observe our object, the paradox, and defend our hypothesis, the semantic paradox, we elected as central corpora, a group of dictionaries in which we can catch "which is said to be" a paradox and "as they say "a paradox to ponder" which means "a paradox. These dictionaries are divided into main corpus: Dictionnaire Historique de langue francaise, and and secondary corpora : Enciclopédia e Dicionário ilustrado, Kokugo Ziten e Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, among others.
L'idée de ce travail est d'étudier le paradoxe d’une façon linguistique et argumentatif, à partir de la Théorie des Blocs Sémantiques (TBS). Et précisément pour cela, nous prenderons comme principales méthodologies deux gestes : la relation entre des éléments linguistiques comme condition d'analyse, et l'interdépendance entre la structure et sa significance, à partir tant par le champ du non-usage (langue), comme du champ d’usage de la langue (l'énonciation). Cette seconde méthode d'interdépendance, lorsqu'elle est appliquée à notre objet (le paradoxe) constitue mon premier hypothèse centrale : la possibilité du paradoxe sémantique : la considération linguistique-argumentative de signifiances opposées, mais dans un état d’interdépendance. Et dans ce contexte nous allons développer aussi une deuxième hipothèse centrale: le cube argumentatif, tandis que une atualization théorique du carré argumentatif (le construct théorique base dans notre théorie). Sur le plan organisationnel, l'ingéniosité de ce travail sera effectuer dans plusieurs axes spécifiques, répartis sur plusieurs chapitres: la théorie/paradoxe (premièrement «Argumentation dans la langue»/paradoxe, et deuxièmement «Théorie des blocs sémantiques»/paradoxe); discours/paradoxe; dictionnaires/paradoxe; «Sémantique Historiques de l'Énonciation» / paradoxe; relation entre des langues / paradoxe et antétriorité / paradoxe. En plus de ces axes relationnels mis en place pour mieux observer notre objet (le paradoxe) et de défendre mon hypothèse du paradoxe sémantique, je formerai un corpus à partir d’un groupe de dictionnaires dans lesquels appairassent « ce qui ce dit être » un paradoxe et « comment est-ce qu’» un paradoxe ce dit, afin de reflechir sur ce « que signifie un paradoxe ». Les dictionnaires sont divisés en corpus principal: Dictionnaire Historique de langue francaise, et corpora secondaire: Enciclopédia e Dicionário ilustrado, Kokugo Ziten e Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, parmi d’autres.
De modo geral, a ideia deste trabalho é investigar o paradoxo, nosso objeto, de modo linguístico e argumentativo, a partir da Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS). E de modo específico, para isto, adotamos enquanto principais metodologias, dois gestos: a relação entre elementos linguísticos enquanto condição de análises, por um lado, e a interdependência entre a estrutura e suas significâncias, por outro lado, tanto no âmbito do não-uso (língua) quanto do uso da língua (enunciação). Este segundo método da interdependência, quando aplicado ao nosso objeto, o paradoxo, constitui a nossa primeira hipótese central, a possibilidade do paradoxo semântico: a estranha e difícil consideração linguístico-argumentativa de significâncias opostas, mas em estado de interdependência. E neste contexto desenvolveremos também uma segunda hipótese central: o cubo argumentativo, enquanto atualização teórica do quadrado argumentativo (o construto teórico basilar de nossa teoria). Organizacionalmente, a desenvoltura deste trabalho efetivar-se-á em vários eixos específicos, distribuídos ao longo dos capítulos, a saber: teoria/paradoxo (dividido em “Argumentação na Língua”/paradoxo, em um primeiro momento, e “Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos”/paradoxo, em um segundo momento); discurso/paradoxo; dicionários/paradoxo; “Semântica Histórica da Enunciação”/paradoxo; relação entre línguas/paradoxo e anterioridade/paradoxo. Além destes eixos relacionais estabelecidos para melhor observar nosso objeto, o paradoxo, e defender nossa hipótese, o paradoxo semântico, elegemos enquanto corpus central, um grupo de dicionários nos quais possamos flagrar “o que se diz ser” um paradoxo e “como se diz” um paradoxo, para ponderar “o que significa” um paradoxo. Estes dicionários estão divididos em corpus principal: Dictionnaire Historique de langue francaise, e corpus secundário: Enciclopédia e Dicionário ilustrado, Kokugo Ziten e Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, dentre outros.
Winterstein, Grégoire. "La dimension probabiliste des marqueurs de discours : nouvelles perspectives sur l'argumentation dans la langue." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070051.
Full textThe goal of this work is to demonstrate the value of adding an argumentative component to the semantic description of several discourse markers such as 'mais' (= but), 'aussi' (=too) and 'et' (=et). I rely on the concept of argumentation as developed by Anscombre and Ducrot (1983) and especially on its probabilistic interpretation (Merin, 1999). I first show how an argumentative component is necessary for the semantic description of 'but' and how the use of probability theory accounts for some of the argumentative effects that characterize this connective. I then show that it is also relevant to assume that 'aussi' and 'et' are sensitive to the argumentative properties of their arguments. I conclude by showing how the descriptions I have given can combine when several markers are used in the same utterance
Parent, Xavier. "Logiques non-monotones et modes d'argumentation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10056.
Full textKazoviyo, Gertrude. "Le phénomène de la manipulation dans le discours politique : analyse de déclarations et communiqués de presse burundais." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20070.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the phenomenon of political manipulation. Our framework concentrates on written political speech, more precisely on the kind of speech which takes official stands. We focus on the linguistic strategies used by the speaker and speechwriter to serve his interests. By 'speech with official stands' we refer to the public statements and the press releases in which the collective speaker speechwriter uses all possible strategies to win the adhesion of the public to his theses. The study concentrates on two strategies: the use of illocutionary acts and verbal subjectivity. Our study thus covers two fields : the field of pragmatics and the field of enunciation. First of all, we will show that according to the circumstances of speech- making the speaker usually uses three categories of illocutionnary acts: the directive, the assertive and the expressive which follow a particular structure. Secondly, as far as enunciation is concerned we analyse how the speechwriter and speaker makes his most important idea clear to his audience using both provocation and seduction when addressing his public, while asserting his right of speech as group representative. Finally, we show that the values or rhetorical figures which he uses, that is to say all his arguments, are carefully selected to serve his factitive objective
Pescheux, Marion. "Le dire et le dit de discours d'apprentissage : approches didactiques et argumentatives de "signes-discours"." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726626.
Full textDefresne, Michèle. "L' expression de la faible quantité en latin : parvum, paulum, pauci, dans le cadre de la théorie de l'argumentation dans la langue d'O. Ducrot." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040055.
Full textAthari, Nikazm Marzieh. "La culture et les points de vue dans les proverbes français et persans. De la sémiotique à la sémantique." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3019.
Full textThis study concerns the description and analysis of French and Persian proverbs through a semiotic and a semantic approach. The main objective of this research, is to illustrate that the crystallized points of view in words depend, in most cases, on proverbs. The study of the proverbs of both languages has three dimensions: philological, semantico-linguistic and ethno-semiotic. Through five chapters, the following hypotheses are developped and examined.(i) The study of culture through the semiosphere, generator of topoi, is a kind of epistemology of the Semantics of Points of View and more particularly, of the theory of the topoi. There is a universe of meanings created by culture and transmitted by human languages.(ii) Proverbs are both statements and utterance events. The proverbial statement can be situated as an utterance event within a speech, and influences its course by the type of situation it represents. This potential type of situation is updated in different discourses. It is the result of the superposition, by the proverb, of two spaces: a figurative space, microstructural, bounded, limited by words and figures, and a second space, related to it, macrostructural, cultural, intersubjective and social. Thus, the proverb contributes to the socio-cultural context of the utterance, and the description of the socio-cultural situation of the utterance leads the reader of the society in question to realize both the social structures and the forms of life chosen by the individuals.(iii) The topical model emphasizes the relationship between themes, figures, and the content substance of proverbs. For the same theme, the figures may be different from one language to another; sometimes an evolution from figurative to abstract can be observed (especially for Persian proverbs).Thus, by bringing together seemingly heterogeneous facts into the same problematic, this study shows that concepts such as conceptual field and topical field offer the advantage of describing the figurative dimension of the manifestation of proverbs meaning. This work is, therefore, a little more than a contribution to the development of the Semantics of Points of View: it is also a study of the contribution of the semiosphere to the semantics of human languages
Navarro, Brotons Mariá Lucía. "Las paremias y sus variantes : análisis sintáctico, semántico y traductológico espagñol / francés." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131030.
Full textKao, Chiou-Fen. "Éléments de l’énonciation discursive." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH022/document.
Full textHow to understand “enunciation” in the meaning of an utterance? This is the question we are trying to answer in this thesis. Defending a discursive approach to meaning (Carel 2011, Ducrot 1984), we set ourselves the objective of bringing light to a conception of enunciation in this perspective. Our major challenge, as a result, is to demonstrate with tangible illustrations an enunciation that is not conceived as a kind of “world event” relating to the production of an utterance. As we know, it’s about this conception of enunciation, taken for granted, when most authors (Kleiber 2008, Recanati 2008) interpret an utterance containing a deictic expression such as "I am French" or "It's hot here". Mostly defenders of the referential approach to meaning, these authors pick up the referent corresponding to the occurrence of the word "I" and that of the word "here", with the meaning of these two words taken respectively as "the one that produces the occurrence of I" and "the place where the occurrence of here is produced". Given that such an identification of the referent involves, inevitably, a look at the production of the utterance concerned, the enunciation thus appears extralinguistic and as the event constituted by the production of the utterance. Based on Benveniste (1966) and Ducrot (1984) respectively, though not without certain inspiration of our own, we try to sketch the outline of another conception of enunciation, which is the one that comes rather from the linguistic system itself, unlike the one that is dependent on the extralinguistic context. In order to illustrate this conception of enunciation, we conduct analyses mostly on pronouns, and the semantic foundation is drawn from the works of these two authors, as well as from the elements that we develop on this basis. In fact, whether it’s the comparative analysis between "I know that p" "You know that p" "She knows that p" or the one between "I'm beautiful" "You're beautiful" "He's (It’s) beautiful", our descriptions do entail consequences. On the one hand, they show that pronouns can have a semantic value that is neither relative to the reference nor to the enunciation taken as an extralinguistic event. On the other hand, our analyses show that we can account for the non-referential elements of meaning with the frame, inspired by these two authors, that we strive to develop
Chamekh, Fatma. "L’évolution du web de données basée sur un système multi-agents." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3083/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the evolution of RDF datasets from documents and LOD. We identify the following issues : the integration of new triples, the proposition of changes by taking into account the data quality and the management of differents versions.To handle with the complexity of the web of data evolution, we propose an agent based argumentation framework. We assume that the agent specifications could facilitate the process of RDF dataset evolution. The agent technology is one of the most useful solution to cope with a complex problem. The agents work as a team and are autonomous in the sense that they have the ability to decide themselves which goals they should adopt and how these goals should be acheived. The Agents use argumentation theory to reach a consensus about the best change alternative. Relatively to this goal, we propose an argumentation model based on the metric related to the intrinsic dimensions.To keep a record of all the occured modifications, we are focused on the ressource version. In the case of a collaborative environment, several conflicts could be generated. To manage those conflicts, we define rules.The exploited domain is general medecine
Yurchenko, Yulia. "Structure et typologie des stéréotypes dans le discours politique institutionnel (en russe et en français)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0419.
Full textThis study considers the notion of linguistic stereotypes and analyses the function of stereotypes in institutional political discourse. By describing semantic phenomena observed in the corpus of such discourse, and by focussing on combinatory patterns, the use of metaphors and certain syntax models, we have developed a typology of linguistic representations of stereotypes in the body of political discourse in Russian and French. From the perspective of the semantic theory set out by H. Putnam and developed by B. Fradin, J.-C. Anscombre, J. Bartmiński, les stereotypes are understood as open lists of non-referential characteristics, stemming from community-based beliefs associated with language elements. “Diagnosis” linguistic models, for which we shall present the typology, identify the semantic stereotypes in political speeches. The function of stereotypes in the context of augmentative sequences is considered from the perspective of the theory of stereotypes developed by J.-C. Anscombre.One of the objectives is to observe how stereotypes, revealed through lexical and syntactic clues, are used to form representations of objects, people and phenomena relevant to political discourse in Russian and French. To meet this objective, stereotypes, which are memory recalls to past sayings and events, are explored and interpreted through notions of dialogism. The use, creation, resumption, redistribution and transposition of stereotypical characteristics are analyzed as being part of a linguistic strategy, intentionally used to constitute or reproduce representations to ensure persuasiveness in political communication
Benamara, Farah. "Webcoop : un système de question-réponse coopératif sur le web." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30169.
Full textThis thesis describes the WEBCOOP system that aims at providing cooperative responses in French to natural language queries on the web. The main objectives of the system are : -the integration of reasoning procedures with a variety of knowledge bases as well as real life data extracted from web pages in order to produce web style natural language responses. -major and new feature: the integration of a cooperative know-how component that goes beyond the mere recognition of a user misconception
Taleb, Fadila. "L'argumentation judiciaire à travers le prisme des scénarios modaux : application pour une aide à l'interprétation des décisions de justice." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR096.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis is a part of the general framework of work on digital humanities that seeks, among other things, to contribute to the improvement of human-machine interactions.The objective of the study is twofold. Firstly, it is about studying a corpus of court decisions contained in the database of the International Transport Law Institute (IDIT) in order to determine the linguistic constraints of the judicial kind. Secondly, it is a matter of proposing interpretative paths that can help users to access to the legal information they are looking for. The issue of the interpretation assistance is seen through the study of the modalities and modal scenarios. The bias of this research is to consider multidisciplinarity as a theoretical and methodological asset that contributes to a better understanding of the issue of the interpretation assistance. As a result, several approaches (semantics of modalities, textual semantics, rhetorical argumentation, textometry) are called and articulated to work together towards the objectives set. The analysis of the corpus was conducted at two levels and in two approaches. In the first part, the empirical analysis proposed is quantitative and contrasting. It is conducted at the micro and mesotexual level as it focuses on the study of the lexicon. Based on the TXM tool, this first investigation allowed a comprehensive linguistic characterization of the corpus and an initial overview of its modal profile. It also highlighted modal expressions, concessional constructions, patterns, etc. which focus on key moments in the argumentative process and can therefore be used in the context of the interpretation assistance. In the second part, the empirical study focuses on modal analyses realized on complete texts. It is therefore treated in a qualitative and macrotextual approach. This analysis leads to the formulation of a carefully described scenario model. It can be divided into several levels, depending on how it has been constructed (foreground modalities, background modalities) and whether it characterizes a full text or a specific area of this text. Furthermore, the proposed schematic presentation for the scenarios highlighted the role that each modal zone would play in providing the interpretation assistance
Lorrain, Agnès. "Théodoret de Cyr, Interpretatio in Epistulam ad Romanos : édition, traduction et commentaire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040179.
Full textTheodoret of Cyrrhus’s In epistulas Pauli (5th c.) is the oldest surviving Greek commentary that has been preserved in the original language. This dissertation presents a critical edition of Theodoret’s prologue and commentary on the Epistle to the Romans based on all the extant direct manuscripts as well as one catena manuscript. It also offers the first translation of the work into the French language. While many scholars have studied the principles and methods of Antiochene exegesis for the Old Testament, the methods used for the New Testament remain largely unexamined. Through different thematic studies, the dissertation explores the exegetical approach which deals with and is shaped by this latter corpus specifically. By analyzing the elements that structure its discourse as well as its semantic tendencies, it sets out to reveal the central features of Theodoret’s exegetical approach despite the minimal distance which he maintains between the Biblical text and his commentary. Special attention is also paid to Theodoret’s use of the works of John Chrysostom in his own writing. Finally, the dissertation explores the relationship between Theodoret’s biblical exegesis and the rich tradition of scriptural quotation both in a historical and theological context. The main focus is on his polemical discourses on the Jews and the Marcionites and also in his writings on the Trinitarian and Christological controversies. Through a careful analysis of the exegete’s approach to scriptural argumentation and his use of sources, we hope to reveal the richness and versatility of a work which, at first glance, appears to be little more than a simple paraphrase of the biblical text
Petit, Mélanie. "Discrimination prosodique et représentation du lexique : application aux emplois des connecteurs discursifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606533.
Full textLonghi, Julien. "Les objets discursifs : doxa et évolution des topoï en corpus." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20014.
Full textNous définissons le concept d'objet discursif, analysé dans trois corpus (médiatique, littéraire et politique). Le corpus est défini comme un ensemble de propositions énoncées, à la fois observatoire pour l'analyse et entité dynamique. Selon la linguistique du sens commun (Sarfati), l'inscription de la doxa dans la langue est postulée relativement à l'organisation d'un système du sens commun lui-même régi par un dispositif de topoï. La relation entre le système du sens commun et l'apparition de formes linguistiques permet d'étayer l'hypothèse d'un dispositif antétieur à la prise de parole caractérisable également par le choix opéré lors de la mise en expression. La phénoménologie permet de s'intéresser aux processus de sémiotisation : au niveau linguistique, la "Théorie des sémanitques (Cadiot et Visetti), envisage la saisie d'une forme sémantique en motifs, profils, et thèmes. Nous substituons le concept de topos à celui de thème : les topoï constituent l'aboutissement des dynamiques sémantiques, et sont par conséquent linguistiquement motivés et profilés en discours. La performativité est intégrée à la dynamique (elle est décrite comme catalyseur dans la constitution d'une forme sémantique). Les phases de saisie du sens sont redistribuées selon la tripartition canon-vulgate-doxa : nous relevons les apports de la démarche discursive grâce à l'anticipation lexicale. Les motifs insérés permettent de saisir une généricité du sens propre à un corpus donné, ou à une Formation Discursive. Sur la voie des profilages, ils constituent une zone de stabilisation pré-syntaxique, qui contraint la mise en syntagme. Les profilages doxiques permettant ensuite la construction de topoï par thématisation
We define this research the concept of discursive object, analyzrd in three corpora (media, literature, and politics). Corpus is defined as a collection of "uttered propositions", considered both as an observatory for analysis, and as a dynamic entity. According to the linguistics of common sense (Sarfati), the inscription of doxa in language is postulated in connection with the organization of a system of common sense, wich is governed by a topoï-based device. The analysis of linguistic forms (ellipses, grammatical categories) makes the link between this system and the choices operated during enunciation. Phenomenology underlines the processes of semiotisation : at the linguistic level, the Theory of semantic forms (Cadiot and Visetti) studies the construction of semantic forms along three dimensions of meaning, named motives, profiles, and themes. We substitute themes for the concept of topos : topoï are linguistically motivated, and profiled in discourse. Performativity is integrated into the dynamic movement itself, and contributes to the argumentative work of the units (it is described as a catalyst in the constitution of a semantic form). We show that these phases can be evaluated according to the tripartition "canon-vulgate-doxa" : we raise the contributions of the discursive levels into the constitution of a semantic form, thanks to the phenomenon of lexical anticipation. What we call "intserted motives" reveals the genericity of specific corpora, or of Discursive Formations. In the course of "profiling", they constitute a pre-syntactic zone of stabilization. The "doxic profiles" finally permit the construction of topoï by thematisation
Barbosa, Maria vanice Lacerda de Melo. "Modalização e polifonia no gênero resenha acadêmica:um olhar apreciativo sobre a voz da ciência." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8410.
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In order to building a spoken or written text, regardless of gender that it is being carried out, the speaker uses linguistic features such as semantic-argumentative strategies intending to guide the interlocutor to certain conclusions. The modalization and polyphony, accordingly, are phenomena that allow the speaker to leave printed his subjectivity in the content of the statements, while acting according to his interlocutor. Focusing in these discussions, this investigation aims to show that modalization and polyphony reveal, linguistically, subjectivity in the digest genre, acting therefore as argumentation features. It is a qualitative research, descriptive and interpretative, which adopts the theoretical and methodological principles of Argumentative Semantics. The corpus consists of ten digests collected in six editions of the Jornal de Resenhas, of the Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, published in 2009, 2010 and 2012. The theoretical discussions concerning the Argumentation Theory of Language have based in Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) and others arguing about the theory approach. The modalization is discussed under the postulates of Castilho and Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimento (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) and García Negroni (2011). Besides, it was used as theoretical basis, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) and others to the formulations about the digest genre. The analysis reveals that digesters use modalization and the polyphony of speakers as phenomena that ultimately report the speakers‟ subjectivity in relation to the view of the voices of other speakers, that is, as a discursive strategy that guides the way the text of the digest should be read. Thus, the gender digest is defined as a place of interaction of voices and subjective impressions through which the speaker summarizes praises, criticizes and evaluates the most diverse academic intellectual productions.
Pour construire un texte parlé ou écrit, indépendamment du genre qui réalise, le locuteur utilise des fonctionnalités linguistiques comme les stratégies sémantiques argumentatif afin de guider les appelants à certaines conclusions. La modalisation et la polyphonie, en conséquence, sont des phénomènes qui permettent au locuteur laisser imprimé sa subjectivité dans le contenu des déclarations, tout en agissant en fonction de son interlocuteur. Avec l'accent dans ces discussions, cette recherche vise à ètidier les annonceurs de modalité et de la polyphonie, comme des phénomènes qui révèlent, linguistiquement, la subjectivité dans le genre compte-rendu, s‟agissant, de cette manière, comme des marques d'argumentation. Il est une recherche qualitative, descriptive et interprétative, qui adopte les principes théoriques et méthodologiques de la sémantique argumentative. Le corpus se compose de dix comptes-rendus dans six éditions du Jornal de Resenhas, imprimés par Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, publiés en 2009, 2010 et 2012. Pour les discussions théoriques en concernant a la Théorie de L'argumentation de la Langue, nous fundamentons-nous en Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) et d'autres qui discutent à propos de l'approche de la théorie. La modalisation est discuté sous les postulats de Castilho et Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimeto (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) et García Negroni (2011). Et on utilise encore comme une base théorique, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) et d'autres pour les formulations sur la révision de genre. L'analyse révèle que les examinateurs utilisent la modalisation et la polyphonie des haut-parleurs comme des phénomènes qui relèvent finalement la subjectivité des intervenants des examens par rapport à la vue de la voix des autres orateurs, qui est, comme une stratégie qui guide discoursivement le chemin du texte de comme l'avis doit être lu. Le genre compte-rendu, dans cette recherche est considérée comme un lieu d'interaction des voix et impressions subjectives ainsi à travers laquelle l'orateur résume louanges, critique et évalue plus diverses productions intellectuelles academiques.
Ao construir um texto falado ou escrito, independente do gênero que o realize, o locutor se utiliza de recursos linguísticos como estratégias semântico-argumentativas com a finalidade de orientar o interlocutor para determinadas conclusões. A modalização e a polifonia, nesse sentido, são fenômenos que possibilitam ao locutor deixar impressa a sua subjetividade no conteúdo dos enunciados, ao mesmo tempo em que age em função de seu interlocutor. Com o foco nessa discussão, esta pesquisa objetiva investigar a modalização e a polifonia de locutores como fenômenos que revelam, linguisticamente, a subjetividade no gênero resenha acadêmico-científica, funcionando, portanto, como marcas de argumentação. Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e interpretativista, que adota os princípios teórico-metodológicos da Semântica Argumentativa. O corpus é constituído de dez resenhas, coletadas em seis edições do Jornal de Resenhas, da Discurso Editorial, ISSN 1984-6282, publicadas nos anos de 2009, 2010 e 2012. Para as discussões teóricas concernentes à Teoria da Argumentação na Língua, embasamo-nos em Ducrot (1994, 1987, 1988), Espíndola (2004), Nascimento (2005, 2009), Koch (2006a, 2006b) entre outros que discutem a respeito da teoria em abordagem. A modalização é discutida sob os postulados de Castilho e Castilho (1993), Koch (2006b), Cervoni (1989), Nascimento (2009), Neves (2011a), Palmer (2011) e García Negroni (2011). Ainda servem de embasamento teórico, Foucault (2011), Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Marcuschi (2008) e outros, para as formulações acerca do gênero textual resenha. As análises revelam que os resenhistas utilizam a modalização e a polifonia de locutores como fenômenos que acabam por denunciar a subjetividade dos locutores das resenhas em relação ao ponto de vista das vozes de outros locutores, ou seja, como uma estratégia que orienta discursivamente a forma como o texto da resenha deve ser lido. O gênero resenha, nesta investigação, é visto como um lugar de interação de vozes e, portanto, de impressões subjetivas, através do qual o locutor resume, elogia, critica e avalia as mais diversas produções intelectuais acadêmicas.