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1
Nilsson, Rickard. "The cross-linguistic semantics of intentionality : Causation event descriptions of native Castilian Spanish and British English speakers." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83300.
Full textAbstract:
This semantic typology study investigates the intentionality of causation event descriptions of ten native British English speakers (NBES) and ten native Castilian Spanish speakers (NCSS). Through a methodology that implements a picture story as non-verbal stimuli and verbal event descriptions, statistical data are gathered on the form and function of the participants’ descriptions. Inferred and inscribed characteristics of constructions are collected through a description task, a narration task, and a post-task interview. The results show that the NBES participants consistently were more varied in their choice of constructions, especially when the picture showed or implied an accidental action in the causation event. The frequent use of all constructions for a single picture might indicate that English does not provide a clear means for expressing what speakers want to voice in terms of intentionality. The functional characteristics attributed to the constructions were for the NCSS participants more unified than the NBES participants; all the Spanish constructions demonstrated a clear representing majority characteristic. Having more fine-grained distinctions to represent intentionality, as the NCSS participants have at their disposal, could potentially lead to less constructional variation, as there are options available to speakers for expressing the right intention with the use of a more specific construction. These fine-grained constructions also likely provide the speakers with more certainty in their judgements since they do not need to select a construction ad hoc that best fits the described event.Denna semantiska typologistudie undersöker intentionaliteten i beskrivningar av orsakshändelser av tio infödda brittiska engelsktalande (NBES) och tio infödda kastilianska spansktalande (NCSS). Genom en metod som implementerar en bildberättelse som icke-verbala stimuli och verbala händelsebeskrivningar samlas statistiska data om formen och funktionen för deltagarnas beskrivningar. Uttydda och inskrivna egenskaper hos konstruktioner samlas genom en beskrivningsuppgift, en berättandeuppgift och en intervju. Resultaten visar att NBES-deltagarna konsekvent var mer varierade i deras val av konstruktioner, särskilt när bilden visade eller antydde en oavsiktlig handling i orsakssammanhanget. Den frekventa användningen av alla konstruktioner för en enskild bild kan tyda på att engelska inte ger ett tydligt sätt att uttrycka vad talare vill uttrycka i termer av avsikt. De funktionella egenskaperna som tillskrivs konstruktionerna var för NCSS-deltagarna mer enhetliga än NBES-deltagarna; alla de spanska konstruktionerna visade en tydlig representativ majoritetsegenskap. Att ha mer detaljerade skillnader för att representera avsiktlighet, som NCSS-deltagarna har till sitt förfogande, kan potentiellt leda till mindre konstruktionsvariation, eftersom det finns alternativ tillgängliga för talare för att uttrycka rätt avsikt med användning av en mer specifik konstruktion. Dessa finkorniga konstruktioner ger sannolikt också talarna större säkerhet i sina bedömningar eftersom de inte behöver välja en konstruktion ad hoc som bäst passar den beskrivna händelsen.
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Modlin, Russell Garvin. "A logical typology for nominal compounds." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063741/.
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TEIXEIRA, ZENAIDE DIAS. "SEMANTIC TYPOLOGIES OF ADVERBS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11710@1.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever, analisar e
discutir
comparativamente tipologias semânticas de advérbios
propostas em duas vertentes
dos estudos da linguagem: a Gramática Tradicional, de um
lado, e a Lingüística
de orientação funcionalista, de outro. Para tal, mapeamos
tipologias encontradas
em um conjunto representativo de gramáticas tradicionais do
português e em uma
amostra não menos representativa de trabalhos de lingüistas
brasileiros que se
debruçaram sobre o tema adotando uma abordagem
funcionalista. Propusemos
dois quadros tipológicos resumitivos das duas vertentes de
classificação, nos quais
buscamos identificar as principais classes semânticas
estabelecidas em cada uma
das duas vertentes. Aplicamos, então esses dois
instrumentos de classificação a
um mesmo corpus de frases autênticas do português (extraído
do centro de
recursos distribuídos Linguateca/Frases PB), e analisamos
os resultados
comparando as duas classificações quanto aos seguintes
critérios: (a) abrangência;
(b) explicitude; e (c) adequação aos propósitos norteadores
(normativo-didáticos
ou teórico-descritivos). Tendo em vista tais critérios,
apontamos vantagens e
desvantagens relativas dos dois tipos de classificação e
destacamos alguns
problemas enfrentados igualmente na tradição gramatical e
na lingüística
funcionalista no que tange a caracterização do
comportamento semântico dos
advérbios.This work aims to describe, analyze and discuss comparatively semantic typologies of adverbs proposed in two srands of linguistic studies: Traditional Grammar on the one hand and Functional Linguistics on the other. For that, we analyzed and mapped typologies found in a representative set of Portuguese traditional grammars as well as in an equally significant sample of funtictionally-oriented Brazilian linguistic studies. Two typological schemes were proposed to represent the two approaches, identifying the main semantic categories established in each one of them. These two classification instruments were then applied to the analysis of a corpus of Portuguese authentic sentences (an excerpt from the corpus made availble by Linguateca/Frases PB). The classifications were analyzed and compared according to the following criteria: a) range; b) explicitude; c) suitability to purposes (didactic-normative and/or descriptive-theoretical). Using these criteria, it was possible to point out relative advantages and disadvantages in both types of approach and to expose some problems faced equally by traditional grammar and functional linguistics concerning the semantic behaviour of adverbs.
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Yang, Jie. "Revising Talmy's typology of motion events in the light of Chinese." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15944.
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Talmy (1975, 1985, 1991 and 2000b) studies Motion events encoded by verbs from the perspective of lexicalisation(T). Talmy (2000b) proposes six basic semantic elements to describe Motion events; they are Figure, Motion, Path, Ground, Manner, and Cause. For example, in the sentence He entered the room, enter is the main verb and encodes Motion “move” and Path “into”. So the main verb encodes the Path information. Such phenomena are very common in Spanish; however, in English and in Chinese Path is usually expressed by satellites, a category of surface element. Enter is exceptional in English. Although it is a word in English it was borrowed from French. The surface elements which encode the Path information determine a language’s type. For example, if Path is encoded by main verbs in language A, then this language A is a verb-framed language; if Path is typically expressed by satellites in language B, then language B is a satellite-framed language. These are the two most widespread types of languages in this typology. According to Talmy, English is a satellite-framed language (S-framed language); Spanish a verb-framed language (V-framed language); and Chinese a satellite-framed language. Slobin (1996, 1997, 2002, 2004 and 2006) argues that Chinese is an equipollent-framed language (E-framed language), a third language type he added to Talmy’s typology. The evidence for this is the serial verb construction (SVC) in Chinese. SVCs can be briefly defined as a syntactic pattern where two or more verbs are used together to express a single conceptual event and there are no markers of subordination and coordination. Slobin uses feī chū (fly exit) as an example of the SVC and he insists that feī (fly) and chū (exit) share the same grammatical status and are equal to each other in that neither of them can be omitted for a complete expression of the event of flying out. The first verb encodes the Manner information and the latter one expresses the Path information. Omitting either part, the expression is ungrammatical. Having briefly reviewed these two models of language typology, many questions have arisen. Is it necessary to have a third language type to account for Chinese? Or is Chinese an Eframed language or a S-framed language? What is the language typology of Chinese? This is the main research question I aim to answer in this thesis. The main question concerns the nature of Chinese SVCs. In my thesis, I discuss the features of Chinese SVCs as preparation for a working definition of SVC for my empirical work to collect the SVC data from the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese (LCMC). I show that the components in Chinese SVCs are not equal in semantics. There are constraints on the positions for different semantic parameters. In addition, the surface forms of components for SVCs do not share equal status for the asymmetrical SVCs. This further shows that components within Chinese SVCs are not in equal grammatical status. My data shows that Path can be encoded by main verbs as well as by satellites in Chinese. Having illustrated that Chinese SVC is not evidence for Chinese to be an E-framed language, then, is Chinese a S-framed language similar to English or a V-framed language like Spanish? Özçalışkan (2004) claims that Path verbs, verbs encoding [Motion + Path], is a closed class. How many Path verbs are there in Chinese and are these Path verbs comparable with those in English and in Spanish? I give a comprehensive list of Chinese Path verbs and then focus on some of them to track the process of the lexicalisation(T). I found that there are no significant differences in number for the 13 types of Path verbs in Chinese, English and Spanish and that the lexicalised(T) Path is comparable. These findings indicate that Chinese uses both main verbs and satellites to express the Path information in motion events. Additionally, the grammaticalization trend of Chinese Path verbs and the shift from independent Path verbs into Path satellites and grammatical relation markers also show that Chinese is not part of any of the parallel system, the split system, or the intermixed system for expressing motion events. Chinese is in the transferring period from a S-framed language to a V-framed language.
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Swärd, Elias. "Semantiska aspekter av lexikal pluralitet : En typologisk studie av kushitiska språk." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160876.
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Lexikal pluralitet är en term för vissa substantiv som har en inneboende pluralbetydelse. Lexikal pluralitet är ett relativt outforskat område, särskilt ur ett typologiskt perspektiv. Några studier som gjorts inom lexikal pluralitet har visat att de lexikalt plurala substantiven tenderar att finnas inom vissa tvärspråkligt återkommande semantiska kategorier. Föreliggande studie bygger på dessa tidigare studiers kategorier, och syftet är att utveckla kategorierna för att bättre fånga in den semantiska variationen hos de kushitiska språken. Detta görs genom att samla lexikalt plurala substantiv ur grammatikor och sedan klassificera substantiven utifrån deras semantik. Resultatet visar, förutom att de semantiska kategorierna i stor utsträckning överlappar med tidigare studier, att de semantiska kategorierna grupper, granulära ämnen, duala enheter och vätskor & fasta ämnen tenderar att vara mer frekventa än kategorierna tidsuttryck, sjukdomar, platser och koncept/aktiviteter som involverar flera deltagare.
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Demenienė, Kristina. "Gramatinė ir semantinė šešiažodžių lietuvių kalbos kolokacijų tipologija." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080804_101936-51028.
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Šiame darbe tirtos šešiažodės kolokacijos, kuriose yra bent vienas daiktavardis. Tyrimas atlikas laikantis nuomonės, kad kolokacija – dažnai kartu einančių žodžių junginys, sudarytas bent iš vieno kaitomo žodžio ir turintis bendrą reikšmę. Tirtos kolokacijos automatiškai buvo išrinktos iš Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno naudojant statistinį Gravity Count metodą.
Šis darbas skirtas tam, kad būtų išsamiau išanalizuotos lietuvių kalbos kolokacijos, taigi darbo tikslas – nustatyti šešiažodžių daiktavardinių kolokacijų gramatinius ir semantinius modelius bei galimas jų sąsajas. Kolokacijos buvo atrinktos iš Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno statistiniu būdu. Darbo šaltinį sudaro daugiau nei 100 mln. žodžių.
Šešiažodės kolokacijos, lyginant su iš dviejų, trijų, keturių žodžių sudarytomis kolokacijomis, yra gana retos, nes minėtų tipų kolokacijos sudaro 85 proc. visų daiktavardinių kolokacijų. Nustatyta, kad kuo ilgesnė frazė, tuo ji rečiau vartojama tekstyne.
Šiame darbe kolokacijos analizuotos gramatiniu ir semantiniu aspektais. Analizuojant gramatiškai, kolokacijos suskirstytos į šešis tipus, pagal tai, kiek jose vartojama daiktavardžių. Tuos tipus sudaro kolokacijos, kuriose pavartotas vienas, du, trys, keturi, penki arba šeši daiktavardžiai. Kiekvienas šis tipas buvo tirtas išsamiau.
Kolokacijos buvo anotuotos su automatinės morfologinės analizės programa. Tokiu būdu buvo nustatyti visi galimi gramatiniai kolokacijų modeliai. Jų rasta 824. Daugiausiai gramatinių modelių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The main purpose of this research was to set grammatical and semantic typology of six-word – length Lithuanian collocations. Collocations were extracted automatically from the „Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian Language“ using statistical Gravity Counts method. The Source of this study concist of 100 million words. Six–words–length collocations are very rare, two, three, four–length-words collocations make 85% of all noun collocations. It was notified that as the phrase is longer, as more seldom it is used in Corpora. In this study collocations were researched grammatically and semantically. Grammatically researhed collocations were devided into six types, accourding to the number of nouns used in it. Those types are made of collocations which have one, two, three, four, five, six nouns. All those types were researched more deeply. Collocations were annotated using automatical marphology analysis program. In this way all possible grammatical collocation models concist of three nouns collocations – 255 models (31.33 %). Different collocations number is not equal to different grammatical models. 1560 different collocations were found. The most of different collocations have four nouns – 459 which makes 1/3 of all collocations. Despite the variaty of grammatical models, the models which are made of single collocations are the most frequent. The more noun collocation type has, the less single grammatical models can be made, for example, single one noun collocations make... [to full text]
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Fortin, Antonio. "The morphology and semantics of expressive affixes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88a23d7c-c229-49af-9fc9-2cb35fce9d54.
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This dissertation focuses on two aspects of expressive affixes: their morphological/typological properties and their semantics. With regard to the former, it shows that the expressive morphology of many languages (including Bantu, West Atlantic, Walman, Sanskrit, English, Romance, Slavic, and others), has the following properties: 1) it is systematically anomalous when compared to plain morphology, or the ordinary processes of word-formation and inflection. From this, it follows that many familiar morphological arguments that adduce the data of expressive morphology ought to be reconsidered; and 2) it is far more pervasive than has been traditionally thought. For example, the Sanskrit preverb, and the Indo-European aspectual prefix/particle generally, are shown to have systematically expressive functions. With respect to the semantics of expressive affixes, it develops a novel multidimensional account, in the sense of Potts (2005, 2007), of Spanish "connotative affixes," which can simultaneously convey descriptive and expressive meaning. It shows that their descriptive meaning is that of a gradable adjective, viewed as a degree relation which includes a measure function, in the sense of Kennedy (1997). The expressive meanings of connotative affixes, and expressives generally, arise as they manipulate the middle coordinate, I, of expressive indices which, it is proposed, is inherently specified on all lexical items and canonically set to "neutral." It introduces a new mechanism, AFF, which is an algebraic operation for manipulating I, and which accounts for the well-known, and seemingly "contradictory," range of meanings that expressive affixes can express. Whereas prior work assumes that expressive affixes are inherently polysemous, this approach derives their many attested meanings and functions (e.g., "small," "young," "bad," deprecation, appreciation, hypocorism, intensification/exactness, and attenuation/approximation, as well as pragmatic effects like illocutionary mitigation) compositionally, from the interactions of their multidimensionality with the meanings of the roots to which they attach.
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Hopperdietzel, Jens Philipp. "Resultatives." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22210.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht die Argument- und Ereignisstruktur von Resultativkonstruktion (z.B., Peter wischte den Tisch sauber.) aus der Perspektive zweier serialisierender, wenig untersuchter und bedrohter Ozeanischen Sprachen, Daakaka und Samoanisch, in welchen sowohl die Manner- als auch die Result-Bedeutungskomponente durch verbale Prädikate ausgedrückt wird. Diese Beobachtung steht im Kontrast zu nicht-serialisierenden Sprachen, wie dem Englischem, in welchen nur einer der beiden Bedeutungskomponenten durch das Hauptverb ausgedrückt wird. Im Zuge einer Untersuchung der mor-phosyntaktischen semantischen Eigenschaften zweier Typen von Resultativkonstruktionen, resultative Sekundärprädikation und die means-Konstruktion, entwickelt diese Arbeit einen neuen konfigurationel-len Ansatz innerhalb der Distributed Morphology, in welchem sprachübergreifende Variation als Inter-aktion von morphosyntaktischer und semantischer Komposition der jeweiligen Bedeutungskomponen-ten in Abhängigkeit von sprachspezifischen Restriktionen auf Wurzelbedeutung und Argumentstruktur beschrieben werden kann. Mit Hilfe eigener Feldforschung zeige ich, dass trotz der oberflächlichen Unterschiede zwischen serialisierenden und nicht-serialisierenden Sprachen Ozeanische Resultativkon-struktionen die zugrundeliegende Struktur der means-Konstruktionen aufweisen, in welchen das Man-nerverb an das kausative Hauptverb adjungiert wird und das darin enthaltende, unterspezifizierte kausa-tive Ereignis spezifiziert. Folglich unterscheiden sich beide Sprachtypen nicht signifikant in ihrer mor-phosyntaktischen und semantischen Komposition mit weitreichenden Implikationen für eine sprachübergreifende Typologie von Resultativkonstruktionen.This dissertation approaches the event and argument structure of resultative construction (e.g., Peter wiped the table clean) from the perspective of two understudied and endangered Oceanic languages, Daakaka and Samoan, in which both the manner and result components are realized by verbal predicates, i.e. resultative serial verb constructions (RSVCs). This observation contrasts with non-serializing languages, such as English, in which only one of the two meaning components is expressed by the main verb. By examining the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of two types of resultative construc-tions, namely resultative secondary predication and means constructions, I develop a novel configurational analysis within the generative framework of Distributed Morphology that models cross-linguistic variation in terms of the morphosyntactic size and the semantic composition of the respective meaning components and their interaction with idiosyncratic requirements on roots and argument structure. Based on original fieldwork, I demonstrate that despite the superficial differences in categorial status, Oceanic RSVCs are an instance of the means construction, in which the manner verb directly adjoins to a causative verb modifying the underspecified causing event entailed in the event structure of the causa-tive predicate. Consequently, serializing and non-serializing languages do not vary significantly in their morphosyntactic and semantic composition with further implications for the typology of resultatives in the world’s languages.
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Atintono, Samuel Awinkene. "The semantics and grammar of positional verbs in Gurenε : a typological perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-semantics-and-grammar-of-positional-verbs-in-guren-a-typological-perspective(03359f73-ecc3-4749-9619-68df91fac4ea).html.
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This thesis provides a detailed study of the semantics, grammar, and pragmatics of positional verbs from a typological perspective in Gurenɛ, a Gur (Niger-Congo) language spoken in Northern Ghana. The study documents and describes Gurenɛ positional verbs in detail focusing on a set of over thirty contrastive positional verbs using a documentary corpus of natural and stimuli-based elicited data. “Positional verbs” is used in this study as a cover term that refers to a class of verbs that semantically encode the static assumed body posture or position of animate entities (humans and animals) or the static location of inanimates (objects) in space. The study discusses the Gurenɛ data in the context of recent cross-linguistic studies on posture, positional and locative verbs (Newman 2002a; Levinson & Wilkins 2006a, Ameka & Levinson 2007a) which suggest that some languages employ verbs rather than adpositions to describe locations. It compares the Gurenɛ data to these typological studies to establish the similarities and the differences of the semantics of these verbs. Like other languages observed in these studies, the use of verbs in the Gurenɛ locative construction is obligatory and the verbs constitute the main linguistic means that the speakers use for locative descriptions. The thesis further explores in part, the basic locative construction (BLC) typology of Levinson & Wilkins (2006a) and Ameka & Levinson (2007a). The BLC typology is concerned with the use of verbs in languages to express spatial locative information with the claim that languages can be classified into four main types according to the number and types of verbs used in their BLC; Type 0 (no verb), Type I (one locative verb or a copula), Type II (three to seven postural verbs), and Type III (seven to +100 positional verbs). In Gurenɛ over thirty verbs are identified that can be used in its BLC. As a result, Gurenɛ is classified as a Type III language. Like any other Type III language, as predicted by the BLC typology, the language uses its verbs to describe a wide range of precise semantic notions involving different locative relations between the Figure and the Ground such as body position, elevation, attachment, containment, distribution, and relative distance. The findings among others suggest that in a locative scene where the Ground is elevated more specific verbs of elevation with very precise meanings associated with the Figure’s properties which include stable base support, shape, and position are used. Additionally, the Ground elevation disregards the actual posture of the Figure. Thus, if a speaker observes a Figure on the ground (earth or floor level) the actual posture verb is used, but if the Figure is on an elevated Ground (e.g., a tabletop, a rooftop) the actual posture is disregarded. This “elevation” phenomenon has not been fully discussed in the cross-linguistic studies of the positional and locative verbs in the semantic literature. The Gurenɛ data make a contribution toward clarification of the range and type of distinctions to be accounted for in the semantic typology of the use of these verbs in locative descriptions.
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Rakotoalison, Fanjanirina Sylvie. "La réduplication en malgache dans la perspective d'une morphologie comparative des langues de la famille austronésienne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF042.
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Cette thèse a trois principaux objets : la description morphologique des mots rédupliqués pour en déduire les différents types de réduplication en malgache, la détermination des différentes fonctions de la réduplication et l'étude des valeurs sémantiques dénotées par la réduplication. Les données puisées dans plusieurs dictionnaires et lexiques malgaches disponibles affirment la productivité et la profusion de ce processus. Ce travail de recherche se propose donc de montrer la place de réduplication dans le lexique malgache, en se basant sur l'analyse morphologique et sémantique. Il met en œuvre deux bases théoriques, à savoir la réduplication typologique (Blust 1998, 2001 et Zeitoun : 1998, 2006) et la réduplication fonctionnant comme affixes (Marantz :1982) et McCarthy et Prince (1999). L'étude est basée sur des relations, des fonctions et des associations, d'où le recours à la morphologie structurale, fonctionnelle et associative en adoptant le rapport d'opposition selon Rajaona (1977, 2004) et le cercle linguistique de Prague et aussi la morphologie associative de Danielle Corbin (1988, 1991, 2004). Les éléments du corpus sont extraits des ouvrages écrits, mais également de documents sonores existants ou que nous avons nous-mêmes collectés. La thèse est divisée en trois parties organisées en sept chapitres. Comme résultats, l'étude du corpusa permis d'identifier au moins neufs types de réduplication, cinq fonctions et vingt-cinq valeurs de la réduplication dans la langue malgache. Dans la conclusion, nous avons aussi évoqué les limites, les applications et les perspectivesThis thesis has three main objects: the morphological description of reduplicated words with a view to deducing the various types of reduplication in Malagasy, determination of the different functions of reduplication and the study of the semantic values provided by the reduplication. The data collected from a number of Malagasy dictionaries and lexicons that are availables how case the productivity and profusion of the process. This research work thus aims to show reduplication’s place in the Malagasy lexicon, based on morphological and semantic analysis. This work is based on two theoretical views: typological reduplication (Blust: 1998, 2001 and Zeitoun: 1998, 2006) and on the other hand partial reduplication which functions as affix (Marantz: 1982) and McCarthy and Prince (1999). This study is based on relations, functions and associations, thus appealing to structural, functional and associative morphology by adopting opposition relationship (according to Rajaona: 1977, 2004 and the linguistic circle of Prague) and Danielle Corbin’s associative morphology (1987, 1991, 2004). Items of the data have been extracted from written work ssuch as dictionaries as well as existing sound materials or materials we have collected ourselves. This thesis is divided into three parts which comprise seven chapters. As results, the morphological and semantic study of the data identified at least nine types of reduplication, five functions and twenty-five values of reduplication in the Malagasy language. In the conclusion, we also discussed limits, applications and perspectives
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Knobloch, Nina. "The encoding of bad and evil : A cross-linguistic study using a parallel Bible corpus." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196656.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the cross-linguistic encoding of bad and evil expressions. Using parallel data from the Bible corpus consisting of translations of the New Testament into 30 languages, probabilistic semantic maps have been created using Multi-Dimensional scaling. Special attention has been paid to the presence of morphological and syntactic negation withinthe domain. The results show that languages either have one broader expression that is used within the entire domain, or they have at least two expressions of which one is broader, i.e. expresses a bad state, action or character flaw, and the other one narrower, i.e. is restricted to themost evil actions or characters which require a moral agent. Languages with several expressions vary largely in how broad or restricted the expressions are within the domain. Therefore, a scalar view of the domain has been proposed, rather than dividing the domain into discrete semantic categories. In the languages where negation marking was present within the domain, it only occurred in the broader expressions.I denna studie undersöks den tvärspråkliga kodningen av uttryck med dålig och ond. Probabilistiska semantiska kartor har skapats med hjälp av Multi-Dimensional scaling genom att använda parallel data från Bibelkorpusen som består av 30 översättningar av Nya Testamentet. Förekomsten av eventuell morfologisk och syntaktisk negation inom domänen har tillägnats särskild uppmärksamhet. Resultaten visar att de flesta språken antingen har ett bredare uttryck som används inom hela domänen, eller har minst två uttryck varav ett är bredare, dvs används för dåliga tillstånd, handlingar eller karaktärsdrag, och det andra är mer begränsad, dvs används endast för de mest onda handlingar och karaktärer som kräver en moralisk agent. Språk med flera uttryck varierar mycktet i hur breda eller begränsade uttrycken är. En representation av den semantiska domänen som en skala föreslås därför, snarare än att dela uppdomänen i diskreta semantiska kategorier. I de språken där negation förekom inom domänen fanns det endast i de bredare uttrycken.
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Kokashvili, Sophio. "Syntaxe et sémantique des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position en français et en géorgien modernes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040224.
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Cette étude, qui se situe dans les domaines de la morphosyntaxe et de la sémantique, tente de montrer quels sont les constituants qui entrent en jeu dans la sémantique de la relation locative des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position en français et en géorgien. Sémantiquement, le signifié lexical de chaque verbe présenté implique un sème locatif et un certain nombre d’arguments, faisant référence à des entités qui jouent chacune un rôle précis dans ce type d’événement signifié par le verbe. Cette relation unit également d’autres éléments: les préverbes et les adpositions (prépositions/postposition). Les relations construites à trois et à deux arguments dans les deux langues font intervenir les phénomènes de la valence et de la diathèse. La valence verbale désigne de la manière la plus générale l’aptitude combinatoire de ces verbes, et la diathèse renvoie à une opération morphosyntaxique d’augmentation et de réduction de la valence verbale. L’expression du déplacement, du mouvement et de la position relève des propriétés sémantiques comme la trajectoire, la manière, le lieu de localisation, l’intentionnalité et des propriétés aspectuelles. Cette étude contrastive propose, d’une part, une description des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position du français et du géorgien et, d’autre part, relève les différences et les similitudes morphosyntaxiques, sémantiques et combinatoires spécifiques comme le rôle des préverbes, des adpositions, des arguments locatifs, ainsi que l’importance de ces verbes dans l’expression du déplacement, du mouvement et de la positionThe present study develops a general typology of movement, motion and position verbs in modern French and Georgian. Working in a morphosyntactic and semantic perspective, I attempt to trace the constituents that are involved in the semantics of locative relations with movement, motion and position verbs in both languages. From a semantic point of view, the lexical meaning of each verb included in the corpus implies a locative seme and a certain number of arguments referring to entities that play a definite role in the particular event signified by the verb. The same relation occurs between other elements of the sentence: preverbs and adpositions (prepositions/postpositions). In both languages, two- and three-argument relations trigger phenomena known as valence and diathesis. Verbal valence indicates, at the most general level, the combinatory aptitude of a verb, while diathesis refers to morphosyntacic operation of augmentation and reduction of verbal valence. The expression of movement, motion and position implies semantic properties such as trajectory, manner of motion, spatial place, intentionality and the aspectual properties of movement and motion verbs. A contrastive study allowed us, on the one hand, a description of movement, motion and position verbs in both languages, and on the other hand to pinpoint specific morphosyntactic, semantic and combinatory differences and similarities, such as the tole of preverb, adpositions, locative arguments, and appreciate how verbs enter in the expression of movement, motion and position
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Löfgren, Althea. "Turning Back to Again Using Parallel Texts : Structuring the Semantic Domain of Repetition and Restitution." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182474.
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This study investigates expressions akin to ‘again’, which inhabit the semantic domain of repetition and restitution, from a cross-linguistic perspective. Using massively parallel corpora as the primary source of data the aim of this study is to investigate whether the encoding of repetitive and restitutive meaning is a cross-linguistically valid difference and if there are any patterns in the language specific variation of the repetitive and restitutive domain. By using Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Partitioning Around Medoids to investigate how the expressions ‘third time’, ‘second time’, ‘again’, ‘back’ and ‘return’ make up the semantic space of the domain, it was determined that the domain in question forms a continuum of meanings. This scale, named the TURN-hierarchy, is comprised of repetitive expressions like ‘third time’ to the far left, ambiguous expressions like ‘again’ in the intermediate section and restitutive expressions such as ‘return, back’ to the far right. Furthermore, the results show that repetitive and restitutive meaning is encoded differently in a majority of the sample languages, and that there is asymmetry in the encoding of repetition and restitution where repetitive meaning is privileged. Thus,it is proposed that all languages have at least one exclusively repetitive expression.
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Rossi, Caroline. "L’expression du mouvement et son acquisition en français et en anglais : des premières formes aux premières constructions." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20081/document.
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Ce travail porte sur l’inscription de la notion extralinguistique de mouvement dans deux langues typologiquement différentes, et examine l’impact de ces différences sur les premiers développements langagiers. Les travaux récents sur la question montrent en effet qu’il existe des contraintes proprement linguistiques, en plus de contraintes générales liées à l’empreinte particulière qu’apporte la perception de l’espace et du mouvement à la cognition. Notre objectif est d’analyser la place de ces contraintes dans l’acquisition du langage, à partir de suivis longitudinaux d’enfants francophones et anglophones filmés dès les débuts du langage. Nous présentons d’abord plusieurs illustrations des hypothèses sur la précocité du mouvement, repérées dans les premières formes de communication : celles-ci dessinent des liens très précoces entre mouvement et langage, qui ne semblent pas dépendre de la langue adressée à l’enfant. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur l’impact des contraintes proprement linguistiques, que l’expression du déplacement fait apparaître. L’analyse du discours adressé à l’enfant permet de souligner l’importance des contextes de production, et de variations reflétant des choix énonciatifs différents : leur prise en compte atténue les différences inter-langues observées dans la littérature. Cependant, des contrastes plus marqués apparaissent dans les premières expressions du déplacement : ils montrent une prise en compte précoce des contraintes linguistiques. L’analyse de l’expression du déplacement en français révèle aussi une focalisation peut-être excessive de la typologie sémantique sur les valeurs spatiales. Pour montrer que la prise en compte des valeurs non spatiales importe y compris pour l’analyse de l’anglais, nous interrogeons l’articulation des valeurs spatiales et non spatiales dans l’acquisition des premières constructions, à partir d’un des premiers marqueurs utilisés par les enfants anglophones : upThis dissertation starts from the expression of motion (an extralinguistic notion) in two typologically different languages, and analyses the impact of those differences in early language acquisition. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of linguistic constraints, in addition to general constraints linking our perception of space and motion with general cognitive processes. Our aim is to situate those constraints within a general understanding of first language acquisition: this will be achieved through analyses of longitudinal follow-ups of French and English-speaking children from early communication onwards. We start by isolating and discussing some features of early communication in which the primacy of motion is best illustrated. They are evidence for the existence of early links between motion and language, which do not seem to depend on the characteristics of the language acquired. We then examine the impact of linguistic constraints, as they appear in the expression of location changes. Child-directed speech shows important variations in context, but also in each speaker’s linguistic choices and strategies: cross-linguistic differences thus need to be reconsidered. However, more marked contrasts are seen in how children first express location changes: they are evidence for an early integration of linguistic constraints. Our analyses also underline the overrated status of spatial semantics in typology and cross-linguistic comparisons. In order to show that non spatial meaning matters, we finally question how both spatial and non-spatial semantics are implied in the acquisition of syntactic constructions with one of the first markers used by English-speaking children: up
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Lindmark, Carolina. "Nouns on fire in Mainland Scandinavian : A lexico-typological study of selected nouns referring to FIRE in Danish, Norwegian (Bokmål) and Swedish." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148449.
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The current study investigates the use of a selected group of nouns in the domain of FIRE in written Mainland Scandinavian languages, i.e. Danish, Norwegian (bokmål) and Swedish. The main goal is to capture the semantic features of the nouns by examining typical situations where they occur, following the frame-method for lexical studies by Rakhilina & Reznikova (2016). The nouns are examined in terms of their combinatorial patterning in compounds with other nouns, in trigrams and in figurative use. The synchronic data is drawn from corpora, lexica and first speaker intuition. Four parameters are formulated, which seem to play a role in the lexical use among the fire words, in the three languages. The nouns are structured according to the parameters and each lexeme displays combinatorial pattern revealing semantic restrictions. The selected ‘fire nouns’ are fairly similar, but differ in terms of semantic load most prominently among the lexemes that refer to controllable fires. The lexemes relevant for the parameter of ‘subcomponents of fire processes’ display an asymmetry, which needs to be studied further. The scope of the current study also includes two lexemes in Swedish that semantically have not been possible to disentangle. On the whole, at least the controllability of the fire is lexically encoded, possibly because that property is crucial for survival.
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Russo, Rosa. "L’expression de l’espace dynamique en français L2 par des apprenants italophones." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080054.
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Les recherches qui se sont intéressées à l’étude des événements de mouvement ont démontré que, pour les coder, les langues utilisent des stratégies de lexicalisation différentes. Selon la proposition de Talmy (1985), les langues romanes correspondent au type ‘verb-framed’(VF), tandis que les langues germaniques sont considérées ‘satellite-framed’(SF). Cette classification qui permet d’identifier des distinctions intéressantes au niveau macro-typologique, mais sa rigidité ne consent pas d’observer la variabilité inter- et intra-typologiques. La thèse étude les événements de mouvement de deux perspectives complémentaires. D’un côté, du point de vue de la typologie, on observe les différences existantes entre les langues appartenant au même groupes typologique et à la même famille génétique. De l’autre côté, du point de vue acquisitionnel, on analyse l’impact des facteurs typologiques sur l’acquisition du français L2 chez apprenants italophones. Dans ce but, on a été construit un corpus de productions sur la base d’un support qui montre des mouvements volontaires et provoqués soumis auprès quatre groupes d’informateurs: deux groupes de natifs (francophones et italophones) et deux groupes d’italophones apprenant le français L2 de deux niveaux de compétence. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a des différences intratypologiques entre les langues génétiquement proches, comme l’italien et le français. De même, ces mêmes différences intratypologiques engendrent des transfert en influençant la restructuration du penser pour parlerRecent research is interested in studying motion events in different languages by showing that, they follow different lexicalization strategies to code motion events. In light of Talmy’s proposal (1985), romance languages are classified as ‘verb-framed’ (VF), while the Germanic ones are considered as ‘satellite-framed’ (SF). The Talmy’s classification legitimated a large number of studies that confirm the validity of this dichotomy, which is the identification of interesting distinctions on a macro-typological level. Nevertheless its rigidity does not allow to observe the inter- and intra-typological variability. The study investigates motion events from two complementary perspectives. On the one hand, the differences within languages of the same typological group and the same genetic family are observed from the point of view of the semantic type On the other hand, the impact of typological factors on French acquisition as L2 by Italian speakers is analyzed from the acquisitional point of view. For this purpose, a corpus of productions was collected in a controlled situation on the basis of a support containing voluntary and caused movements submitted to four groups of informants: two groups of native (French and Italian speakers) and two groups of Italian learners of French L2 of two different skill levels. The results show that there are differences between intra-typological languages which are genetically very close, such as Italian and French. Similarly, these same intra-typological languages generate some transfer that influences the restructuring of thinking for speaking
Le recenti ricerche in psicolinguistica e in linguistica cognitiva si sono interessate allo studiodegli eventi di movimento in diverse lingue del mondo dimostrando che, per codificare glieventi di movimento, le lingue seguono strategie di lessicalizzazione differenti. Alla luce dellaproposta di Talmy (1985, 2000), le lingue romanze sono classificate nel tipo ‘verb-framed’(VF), ovvero a quadro verbale, mentre le lingue germaniche sono considerate ‘satelliteframed’(SF), ossia lingue a quadro satellitare. I due tipi si differenziano essenzialmente per ildiverso locus di codifica delle componenti semantiche: le lingue a quadro verbale, come ilfrancese e l’italiano, tendono a lessicalizzare l’informazione semantica della Traiettoria nelverbo principale, mentre la Maniera è omessa o espressa in una proposizione subordinata.Invece, le lingue a quadro satellitare come l’inglese, esprimono la Maniera nella radiceverbale e la Traiettoria mediante dei satelliti, ovvero degli elementi associati al verbo(avverbi, prefissi, particelle, etc). La classificazione di Talmy ha giustificato un gran numerodi studi che hanno confermato la validità di questa dicotomia, che permette di individuaredelle interessanti distinzioni a livello macro-tipologico, ma la sua rigidità non consente diosservare la variabilità inter- e intratipologica (Ibarretxe-Antuñano, 2004b,d, 2009a; Slobin,2004). La variabilità tipologica che le lingue mostrano nella concettualizzazione degli eventidi movimento, condiziona il modo in cui i locutori selezionano le informazioni semantiche(Traiettoria e Maniera) e, di conseguenza, il modo in cui un apprendente esprime lecomponenti di un evento di movimento in L2. La tesi studia gli eventi di movimento da dueprospettive complementari. Da un lato, dal punto di vista della tipologia semantica, siosservano le differenze esistenti tra le lingue appartenenti allo stesso gruppo tipologico e allastessa famiglia genetica. Dall’altro lato, dal punto di vista acquisizionale, si analizza l’impattodei fattori tipologici sull’acquisizione del francese L2 di apprendenti italofoni. A questoscopo, è stato costruito un corpus di produzioni raccolte in una situazione controllata sullabase di un supporto che mostra dei movimenti volontari e provocati sottoposti a quattrogruppi di informatori: due gruppi di informatori nativi (francofoni e italofoni) e due gruppi diapprendenti italofoni di francese L2 di due livelli di competenza (intermedio e avanzato).I risultati mostrano che vi sono delle differenze intratipologiche tra lingue geneticamentemolto vicine, come l’italiano e il francese. Analogamente, queste stesse differenze intratipologiche generano dei transfert influenzando la ristrutturazione del pensare perparlare
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Luzhkova, Elena. "Semantic categorization of body parts among English and Russian monolinguals and bilinguals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297596.
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Semantic typology and categorization are important fields of research in linguistics. The aim of our work is to inspect these fields in regard to bilingualism. In this thesis we examine semantic categorization of body parts among four different groups of people: monolingual English speakers, monolingual Russian speakers, bilingual Russian speakers answering in English and bilingual Russian speakers answering in Russian. The hierarchies, ambiguities in naming patterns and homology were in the center of this study. The groups were also compared to each other in order to observe the effects of the first language learned (L1) and the second language learned (L2) on bilinguals. The results showed that Russian L1 bilinguals answering the Russian questionnaire displayed the same results as the Russian monolinguals, indicating a lack of influence from the L2. The Russian L1 bilinguals answering the English questionnaire used a semantic categorization most similar to their L1 and also demonstrated a broadening of the semantic categories related to neither the L1 nor the L2.
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Leham, Fatima. "Les relatives en Kabyle (berbère)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0016.
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Cette thèse étudie la typologie des relatives en kabyle, à savoir les relatives classiques et les autres : adjointes, clivées, interrogatives et les négatives. La construction de la relative en berbère est différente de celle des langues avec pronom relatif, étant donné que les berbérisants s’accordent sur le fait de l’inexistence d’un vrai pronom relatif dans cette langue. En adoptant la classification de Galand (1988), nous allons citer la typologie des relatives en kabyle ainsi que l’étude de chaque type (DØ, DP, RØ, RP). En utilisant la hiérarchie d’accessibilité (Keenan & Comrie 1979) nous allons montrer les différentes stratégies de relativisation des rôles syntaxiques de l’élément relativisé en kabyle. Enfin, en étudiant le phénomène de la restrictivité des relatives en kabyle, nous proposerons une typologie sémantique de la relativisation en kabyle. Cette thèse apporte donc une contribution à la fois à la typologie syntaxique et sémantique des relatives en kabyle, et à l’étude des différentes structures et formes de ces relatives. Elle propose une typologie des relatives et présente des données empiriques sur les différents types avec leurs formes et structures qui sont diverses et variées chez les locuteurs natifs kabyles de la région de Tizi-OuzouThis thesis studies the typology of relative clause in kabyle, namely the classical relative clause and the others: adjoint, cleaft, interrogative and the negative ones. The construction of the relative in Berber is different from that of the languages with relative pronoun, as the berberisents agree on the fact of the non-existence of a true relative pronoun in this language. By adopting the classification of Galand (1988), we will cite the typology of relative in kabyle as well as the study of each type (DØ, DP, RØ, RP). Using the hierarchy of accessibility (Keenan & Comrie 1979) we will show the different strategies of relativization of the syntactic roles of the relativized element in kabyle. Finally, by studying the phenomenon of the restrictivity of relative clause in kabyle, we propose a semantic typology of relativisation in kabyle. This thesis therefore contributes both to the syntactic and semantic typology of relative in Kabyle, and to the study of the different structures and forms of these relative. It proposes a typology of relative clause and presents empirical data on the different types with their forms and structures which are diverse and varied among the Kabyle native speakers of the Tizi-Ouzou region
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Krajinovic, Rodrigues Ana. "Tense, mood, and aspect expressions in Nafsan (South Efate) from a typological perspective." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21598.
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In dieser Arbeit untersuche ich aus einer typologischen Perspektive die Bedeutung von Tempus, Modalität und Aspekt (TMA) in Nafsan (South Efate), einer ozeanischen Sprache Vanuatus. Ich konzentriere mich auf die Bedeutung des perfektiven Aspekts und der Realis/Irrealis-Modalität in Nafsan und anderen ozeanischen Sprachen, als Fallstudien zur Untersuchung der sprach-übergreifenden Merkmale dieser TMA-Kategorien. Um ihre Bedeutungen in Nafsan zu analysieren, untersuche ich die Grammatik von Nafsan (Thieberger, 2006) und den Korpus von Thieberger (1995–2018), gefolgt von meiner Feldarbeit (Krajinovic, 2017b). Meine Analysen zeigen, dass Perfekt in Nafsan alle Funktionen hat, die für das Perfekt im Englischen typisch sind, mit Ausnahme der zusätzlichen Bedeutung von Zustandsänderungen. Die Verwendung des Nafsan-Perfekts liefert einen Beitrag zu der Debatte über die sprachübergreifende Gültigkeit von Iamitive, definiert durch die Bedeutung von Zustandsänderungen (Olsson, 2013). Basierend auf den Daten aus Nafsan und anderen ozeanischen Sprachen zeige ich, dass die von Klein (1994) vorgeschlagene semantische Definition des Perfekts ausreichend ist, um zusätzliche Funktionen des Perfekts zu berücksichtigen, ohne eine neue Iamitive-Kategorie zu etablieren. Was die Unterscheidung zwischen Realis und Irrealis betrifft, so habe ich festgestellt, dass die Kategorie Realis in Nafsan semantisch unterbewertet ist, wie sie in Irrealis-Kontexten auftreten kann, die mit der Bedeutung von Realis unvereinbar sein sollten. Ich schlage vor, dass “Realis” gelegentlich Realis-Bedeutungen durch pragmatischen Wettbewerb mit Irrealis erhaltet. Indem ich das “branching-times’’ Modell annehme, das den Ausdruck von Modalität und zeitlichem Bezug vereint (Prince, 2018), zeige ich, dass Nafsan und mehrere andere ozeanische Sprachen Beweise dafür liefern, dass Irrealis als Modalitätskategorie, die sich auf nicht-aktuelle Welten bezieht, eine semantisch sinnvolle Kategorie ist.In this thesis I study the meaning of tense, mood, and aspect (TMA) expressions in Nafsan (South Efate), an Oceanic language of Vanuatu, from a typological perspective. I focus on the meanings of the perfect aspect and realis/irrealis mood in Nafsan and other Oceanic languages, as case studies for investigating the cross-linguistic features of these TMA categories, frequently disputed in the literature. In order to analyze their meanings in Nafsan, I studied the Nafsan grammar (Thieberger, 2006) and corpus by Thieberger (1995–2018), followed by storyboard and questionnaire elicitation in my fieldwork (Krajinovic, 2017b). I found that the Nafsan perfect has all the functions considered to be typical of the English-style perfect, except for the additional meaning of change of state. I place the analysis of the Nafsan perfect in the debate about the cross-linguistic validity of the newly proposed category of iamitives, defined by the meaning of change of state akin to `already' and lacking experiential and universal perfect functions (Olsson, 2013). Based on the data from Nafsan and other Oceanic languages, I show that, when language-internal processes are considered, the semantic definition of perfect proposed by Klein (1994) is sufficient to account for additional perfect functions, without the need to posit the new iamitive category. Regarding the realis/irrealis distinction, I have found that the “realis” category is semantically underspecified in Nafsan, as it can occur in irrealis contexts that should be incompatible with realis meanings. I propose that “realis” in Nafsan only occasionally receives realis meanings through pragmatic competition with the irrealis category. By adopting a branching-times model that unites the expression of modality and temporal reference (Prince, 2018), I also show that Nafsan and several other Oceanic languages provide evidence that irrealis as a mood category referring to non-actual worlds is a semantically meaningful category.
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Hanke, Thomas. "Bildungsweisen von Numeralia : eine typologische Untersuchung /." Berlin : Weissensee, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013333448&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Drapsa, Mindy. "En kartläggning av kalendariska termer i svenskt teckenspråk." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144494.
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Kartläggningen av kalendariska tecken som semantisk domän i det svenska teckenspråket grundar sig på en pågående tjeckisk teckenspråkstypologisk studie. Parametrar som kartläggningen fokuserar på är bokstaverade tecken, sammansatta tecken, sifferinkorporering och tecken som placeras utmed tidslinjer. Datainsamlingen sker via en enkätundersökning med videointervjuer, samt från svenskt teckenspråkslexikon. Tecknen från svenskt teckenspråkslexikon sorteras vidare i tabeller med presentation och diskussion. Det framgår att bokstaverade tecken tillämpas mest när det gäller kalendermånader och veckodagar. Både sammansatta tecken och sifferinkorporering förekommer hos ett par kalendariska tecken. Tidslinjer tillämpas hos teckenexempel i tidsenheter samt veckodagar med ett visst tillägg.
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Yurchenko, Yulia. "Structure et typologie des stéréotypes dans le discours politique institutionnel (en russe et en français)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0419.
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Ce travail comporte une réflexion sur la notion de stéréotype en linguistique et une analyse des aspects du fonctionnement des stéréotypes dans le discours politique institutionnel. À travers la description des phénomènes sémantiques observés dans le corpus et en nous intéressant à la combinatoire, à l’usage des métaphores et à certains modèles syntaxiques, nous dressons une typologie des représentations linguistiques des stéréotypes dans le corpus du discours politique en russe et en français. Dans l’optique des approches sémantiques élaborées par H. Putnam et développée par B. Fradin, J.-C. Anscombre, J. Bartmiński, les stéréotypes sont compris comme listes ouvertes de caractéristiques non référentielles issues des croyances communautaires et associées à des éléments de langage. Le fonctionnement des stéréotypes dans le cadre des enchaînements argumentatifs est considéré sous l’angle de la théorie des stéréotypes de J.-C. Anscombre. Un des objectifs est d’observer comment les stéréotypes, révélés à travers des indices lexicaux et syntaxiques, servent à former des représentations d’objets, des personnes et de phénomènes pertinents pour le discours politique en russe et en français. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les stéréotypes, étant rappels mémoriels à des dires antérieurs et à des évènements antérieurs, sont explorés et interprétés à travers les notions de dialogisme. Sont analysés l’usage, la création, la reprise, la redistribution et la transposition des caractéristiques stéréotypiques, en tant que partie de la stratégie linguistique qui sert pour constituer ou reproduire consciemment les représentations assurant la persuasivité de la communication politiqueThis study considers the notion of linguistic stereotypes and analyses the function of stereotypes in institutional political discourse. By describing semantic phenomena observed in the corpus of such discourse, and by focussing on combinatory patterns, the use of metaphors and certain syntax models, we have developed a typology of linguistic representations of stereotypes in the body of political discourse in Russian and French. From the perspective of the semantic theory set out by H. Putnam and developed by B. Fradin, J.-C. Anscombre, J. Bartmiński, les stereotypes are understood as open lists of non-referential characteristics, stemming from community-based beliefs associated with language elements. “Diagnosis” linguistic models, for which we shall present the typology, identify the semantic stereotypes in political speeches. The function of stereotypes in the context of augmentative sequences is considered from the perspective of the theory of stereotypes developed by J.-C. Anscombre.One of the objectives is to observe how stereotypes, revealed through lexical and syntactic clues, are used to form representations of objects, people and phenomena relevant to political discourse in Russian and French. To meet this objective, stereotypes, which are memory recalls to past sayings and events, are explored and interpreted through notions of dialogism. The use, creation, resumption, redistribution and transposition of stereotypical characteristics are analyzed as being part of a linguistic strategy, intentionally used to constitute or reproduce representations to ensure persuasiveness in political communication
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Singer, Ruth. "Agreement in Mawng : productive and lexicalised uses of agreement in an Australian language /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003242.
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Venetz, Jacqueline. "Lexico-Semantic Areality in the Greater Hindu Kush : An Areal-Typological Study on Numerals and Kinship Terms." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170385.
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The Greater Hindu Kush designates a mountainous area extending from Afghanistan over Pakistan, Tajikistan and India to the westernmost parts of China. It is home to over 50 lan- guages from six different phyla; Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, Turkic, Tibeto-Burman and the language isolate Burushaski. Due to its unique geographical setting, it is characterised by language contact and isolation, which lays the perfect ground for research on linguistic diversity, language convergence and genealogical relations. The present study relies on data from the entire region and attempts to identify structural similarities based on lexical items from core vocabulary, numerals and kinship terms. The study reexamines the genealogical affiliation through lexical similarity and investigates areal patterns of vergence, i.e. the branching out or mergence of these patterns. Results reconfirm the established classification of the languages and indicate a certain level of structural simi- larity across language families for some features such as numeral bases, numeral composition and the terms for ‘parents’ and ‘parents-in-law’, yet it also shows great diversity for other features such as ‘grandchildren’ and one’s siblings’ partner.Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush region (421-2014-631)
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Ogawa, Jane. "Kinship terminology in the greater Hindu Kush." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157463.
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This is a study of the kinship terminology used for one’s parents and their siblings in the languages in the greater Hindu Kush area (GHK). GHK stretches over the mountainous borderlands of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, China and India and homes a range of various languages from six different genera, Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, Turkic, Tibeto-Burman, and the language isolate Burushaski. The study is based on questionnaires from native speakers of 55 language varieties collected in 2015-2017. The main distinction is one between descriptive and merging systems. The descriptive system have separate terms for all six relations and are found in the outer areas of GHK. The merging systems have terms that refer to two or more relations, and these are found in the center of the area. Within this center-area the languages are then further divided into six different terminologies depending on which relations are merged with one term. Semantic clusters can be observed, based on systematic and lexico-semantic parallels, both within and across family lines. The distribution is discussed from a historical, geographical and social point of view.Language contact and relatedness in the Hindukush region. Vetenskapsrådet (421-2014-631)
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Karjalainen, H. (Heini). "Yhteisöt kontaktissa, systeemit muutoksessa:vepsän kielen indefiniittipronominien järjestelmä." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212234.
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Abstract This thesis discusses the Veps indefinite pronoun system and its development. I show how the long lasting contact effect of Russian can be perceived in the Veps indefinite pronoun system. The approach I have adopted in this study combines insights from multilingualism and linguistic typology. The study is concerned mainly with the synchronic level of the language, but I have also examined the diachrony of the system. The data of this study consist of both sociolinguistic and language data, quantitative and qualitative data, old and new data, and data representing both written as well as spoken registers. The study consists of four separate publications. The first of them is a collaborative publication, Veps in Russia: ELDIA Case-Specific Report. The publication has a sociolinguistic viewpoint: it enlightens the linguistic situation of the Vepsians. In the article The Implicational Semantic Map for Veps Indefinite Pronouns, I describe the Veps indefinite pronouns by means of the semantic map methodology. I show that, despite the numerous similarities between the Russian and Veps pronominal series, the Veps indefinite pronouns actually constitute a distinctive system. In the article Borrowing Morphology: The Influence of Russian on the Veps System of Indefinite Pronouns, I classify the Veps indefiniteness markers as MAT (morpheme transfer) loans or PAT (morphological pattern transfer) loans, according to the manner in which they have been acquired from Russian. I show that the Veps indefinite pronominal system has undergone obvious contact-induced morphological changes. In the article Vepsän kielen paljaiden interrogatiivien indefiniittinen käyttö, I show that in addition to the interrogative-derived indefinite pronouns the use of bare interrogatives as indefinites is common in Veps. I have divided this use into nine different clause and phrase structures. In the study, I show that the diachronically unstable system of indefinite pronouns has undergone many changes in Veps, due to language contact with Russian. From the individual speaker’s mind and speech, the effect of Russian has gradually spread as a part of the linguistic system of the Veps speech community. Thus, the contacts of the Veps and Russian speech communities have resulted in changes in the Veps indefinite pronoun systemTiivistelmä Tarkastelen tutkimuksessani vepsän kielen indefiniittipronominijärjestelmää ja sen kehitystä. Osoitan, miten venäjän vuosisatoja jatkunut kontaktivaikutus näkyy vepsän indefiniittipronominien järjestelmässä. Tarkastelun näkökulmat olen omaksunut kontaktilingvistiikasta, monikielisyystutkimuksesta ja typologisesta kielentutkimuksesta. Tutkimus koskee pääosin kielen synkronista tasoa, mutta olen ottanut kantaa myös järjestelmän diakroniseen kehitykseen. Tutkimuksen aineistokokonaisuuteen kuuluu sekä sosiolingvististä että kieliaineistoa, kvantitatiivista ja kvalitatiivista aineistoa, uutta ja vanhaa aineistoa sekä niin kirjoitettua kuin puhuttuakin kieltä. Tutkimus koostuu neljästä erillisestä osajulkaisusta. Ensimmäinen niistä on yhteisjulkaisu, Veps in Russia: ELDIA Case-Specific Report. Julkaisu on näkökulmaltaan sosiolingvistinen: se valottaa vepsäläisten kielellistä tilannetta. Artikkelissa The Implicational Semantic Map for Veps Indefinite Pronouns kuvaan vepsän indefiniittipronomineja semanttisten karttojen metodologian avulla. Osoitan, että lukuisista venäjän ja vepsän kielen pronominisarjojen yhtäläisyyksistä huolimatta vepsän indefiniittipronominit muodostavat omaleimaisen järjestelmänsä. Artikkelissa Borrowing Morphology: The Influence of Russian on the Veps System of Indefinite Pronouns luokittelen vepsän venäjän kielestä lainatut indefiniittisyyden tunnukset niiden lainaustavan mukaan joko MAT- tai PAT-lainoiksi. MAT-lainoissa kielelliset segmentit toisinnetaan toisessa kielessä, PAT-lainoissa funktionaaliset mallit. Osoitan, että vepsän indefiniittipronominien järjestelmässä on tapahtunut selviä kontaktilähtöisiä morfologisia muutoksia. Artikkelissa Vepsän kielen paljaiden interrogatiivien indefiniittinen käyttö osoitan, että tunnuksisten indefiniittipronominien lisäksi käytetään vepsässä yleisesti myös paljaita interrogatiiveja. Olen jaotellut niiden esiintymisympäristöt yhdeksäksi erilaiseksi lause- ja lausekerakenteeksi. Tutkimuksessa osoitan, että indefiniittipronominien diakronisesti epästabiili järjestelmä on vepsässä kokenut venäjän kontaktivaikutuksesta monia muutoksia. Yksittäisen kielenpuhujan mielestä ja puheesta venäjän vaikutus on vähitellen levinnyt osaksi vepsäläisen kieliyhteisön kielen järjestelmää. Näin vepsäläisen ja venäläisen puhujayhteisön kontaktit ovat johtaneet vepsän kielen indefiniittipronominien systeemin muutokseen
Lühenduz Ičein dissertacijas minä tarkištelen vepsän kelen indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistemad i sen kehitoitust. Ozutan, kut äjad voz’sadad olijad kontaktad tuleba sil’mnägubale vepsän kelen indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistemas. Tedotön perspektivaks olen otnu ičelein kontaktkel’oppindan, äikeližuz’oppindan i tipologižuz’oppindan pirdoid. Tedotö om tobjimalaz sinhronine, no olen tarkištanu mugažo erasid problemoid diahronižen kehitoitusen sistemaspäi. Tedotön lähtematerialoihe mülüb sociolingivistižid materialoid, kel’materialoid, kvantitativižid i kvalitativižid materialoid, uzid i vanhoid materialoid paginkelespäi i kirjutadud kelespäi. Neciš tedotös om nel’l’ erilašt kirjutest. Ezmäine niišpäi, Veps in Russia: ELDIA Case-Specific Report, om ühthižkirjutez. Necen kirjutesen nägemuz om sociolingvistine. Sen päazj om tedištada i ezitada vepsän kelen i vepsläižiden oloid nügüd’aigas. Kirjuteses The Implicational Semantic Map for Veps Indefinite Pronouns kuvadan vepsän indefinitižid pronominoid semantižiden kartoiden metodologian abul. Ozutan, miše hot’ venän i vepsän kelen indefinitižiden pronominoiden affiksoiden kogomused oma karthižed, vepsän indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistem om kaiken-se originaline. Kirjuteses Borrowing Morphology: The Influence of Russian on the Veps System of Indefinite Pronouns tarkištan venäkelespäi vepsän kel’he ottud affiksad MAT- i PAT- velgmaneran mödhe. MAT-velg znamoičeb, miše ühten kelen kel’material kopiruidas toižehe kel’he, a PAT-velgoiš kopiruidas vaiše znamoičendoid. Ozutan, miše vepsän indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistemas om sündunu morfologižid vajehtesid, miččed oma sel’ktad kel’kontaktoiden jäl’ged. Kirjuteses Vepsän kielen paljaiden interrogatiivien indefiniittinen käyttö ozutan, miše indefinitižiden pronominoiden ližaks vepsän keles voib kävutada interrogativižid pronominoid indefinitižiden pronominoiden sijas. Olen tarkištanu virkehid, kus nene azjad ezineba i olen mülütanu niid ühesandehe erazvuiččehe gruppaha. Indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistem ei ole diahronijan polespäi seižui. Ičein oppindas ozutan, miše vepsän kelen sistem om lujas vajehtanus venäkelen kontaktpainandan tagut. Ühten kelen pagižijan melespäi i paginaspäi om venäkelen painastuz aigan sirttes levitanus vepsän kelen sistemaha. Muga oma vepsän i venän pagižijoiden keskeižed kosketused vajehtanuded vepsän kelen indefinitižiden pronominoiden sistemad
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Hoffmann, Dorothea. "Descriptions of motion and travel in Jaminjung and Kriol." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:158778.
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The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of motion event descriptions of two Australian indigenous languages. Jaminjung is a highly endangered non Pama-Nyungan language with approximately 50 remaining speakers. Kriol, an English-lexified Creole, is spoken by about 20.000 people in different varieties across northern Australia. While the languages are typologically very different, occupancy of the same linguistic and cultural area provides an intriguing opportunity to examine the effects of culture and language contact on conceptual components and distribution patterns in discourse. This investigation also applies and tests a number of existing frameworks and typologies regarding the linguistic encoding of motion and space in general. The thesis first provides an overview of the encoding of motion event descriptions in Jaminjung and Kriol. It becomes clear that, concerning overt marking of case, ground-encodings follow a systematic semantic pattern with no or rare case-marking for deictic terms, optional marking for toponyms and mandatory marking for all other types of landmarks. Furthermore, the structure and semantics of the motion verb phrase is investigated. Particularly noteworthy here is a study of asymmetrical serial verb constructions in Kriol which revealed a number of previously undescribed types. Following this, various proposals for a typology of Frames of Reference are applied. The notion of ‘anchor’ is at the centre of the analysis. The investigation shows that contextual restrictions for the use of Jaminjung’s absolute terms can be accounted for by a restriction on egocentric anchoring and ‘Orientation’ settings only. Furthermore, absolute Frame of Reference is realised differently in Roper and Westside Kriol respectively, suggesting an ongoing influence of the traditional languages spoken by the respective communities rather than the lexifier English. Jaminjung and Kriol, additionally, prefer the use of absolute over relative Frame of Reference. The following chapter investigates how lexicalisation patterns influence the distribution of path and manner encodings in discourse. After concluding that Jaminjung might best be described as following an equipollently-framed pattern and Kriol as satellite-framed, path and manner salience is investigated in different types of discourse using a dataset of motion event encodings in a Frog Story collection and a general corpus of various discourse environments. It is concluded that while the two languages behave very differently with regards to frequency patterns of ground- and other path-encodings, they show remarkable similarities in distributing path and manner over larger chunks of discourse. These findings suggest that cultural influences may sometimes override structural typological constraints. Finally, motion event encodings in specific types of discourse are analysed. Regarding route descriptions, speakers show a clear preference for dynamic over static modes of presentation. This includes encoding ‘fictive motion’ events for which a figure- and ground-based distinction is introduced. Additionally, concerning the use of deictics in a comparative analysis of different types of corpora for both languages, it was shown that the distribution of absolute terms remains stable across discourse environments while deictic usage differs drastically. Lastly, the concept of ‘motion’ is abstracted and described as a kind of structuring device in narratives. It is shown that the ‘journey’ within the story world is used by speakers of both languages to bridge episodes sometimes even overriding a temporal in favour of a spatial order of events.
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Bednall, James. "Temporal, aspectual and modal expression in Anindilyakwa, the language of the Groote Eylandt archipelago, Australia." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7029.
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Cette thèse sur l’anindilyakwa, langue gunwinyguan, fournit une analyse empirique de l'expression temporelle, aspectuelle et modale (TAM) dans une langue peu documentée de l'archipel de Groote Eylandt, au nord-est de la région d’Arnhem en Australie.Les objectifs de la thèse sont à la fois descriptifs et théoriques. Le premier objectif est de fournir une description détaillée de certaines des propriétés grammaticales les plus importantes de l'anindilyakwa, en particulier celles liées au groupe verbal. Cet objectif descriptif est enrichi par le deuxième objectif, qui est de contribuer à la recherche dans le domaine de la sémantique et de la pragmatique du TAM (et de leurs interfaces avec la morphosyntaxe) en entreprenant une analyse à fondement théorique de l'expression et de l'interaction temporelles, aspectuelles et modales en anindilyakwa. La principale innovation de cette thèse réside dans la combinaison (i) d'approches théoriques morphosyntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques dans l'étude de l'expression du TAM dans les langues naturelles avec (ii) une approche descriptive de terrain. Le présent travail est une manière de réponse à la double question suivante : comment les langues peu documentées et étudiées éclairent-elles notre compréhension d'un domaine catégoriel général comme le TAM, comment ces, et comment peut-on aborder la documentation de catégories TAM dans un travail de terrain portant sur de telles langues ?L’anindilyakwa est une langue particulièrement intéressante à examiner à cet égard, étant donné la nature polysynthétique et la composition morphologique complexe et combinatoire du verbe. Inflexionnellement, l'expression TAM y est réalisée par la combinaison de deux, voire trois, positions morphologiques discontinues dans le gabarit verbal. En plus de la combinatoire morphologique complexe du gabarit verbal, ce système d'inflexion présente une sous-spécification aspectuo-temporelle conséquente, associée à un syncrétisme généralisé, c’est-à-dire à un manque prononcé de contrastivité dans plusieurs des formes paradigmatiques. L'analyse minutieuse et la compréhension de ces propriétés verbales flexionnelles, par rapport à l'expression du TAM, sont dès lors au coeur de cette thèse.La présente étude sémantique et morphosyntaxique approfondie du système TAM de l'anindilyakwa contribue non seulement à la description de cette langue très peu documentée, mais aussi à notre connaissance des langues peu étudiées (en particulier non européennes) dont le système TAM a fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Ceci garantira l’accès des futurs travaux typologiques multilingues sur le TAM à des données plus riches et plus accessibles dans un échantillon plus large des langues du mondeThis thesis provides an empirically driven and theoretically informed examination of temporal, aspectual and modal (TAM) expression in Anindilyakwa, an underdescribed and underdocumented Gunwinyguan language of the Groote Eylandt archipelago, north-east Arnhem Land, Australia.The goals of the thesis are both descriptive and theoretical. The first is to provide a detailed description of some of the core grammatical properties of Anindilyakwa, particularly related to the verbal complex. This descriptive goal is linked to, and builds the infrastructure for, the second goal of the thesis: to provide a theoretically-informed examination of temporal, aspectual and modal expression and interaction in Anindilyakwa, thus contributing towards (and building upon) research in the area of TAM semantics and pragmatics (and their interfaces with morpho-syntax). The original contribution of this thesis lies in the cross-section between theoretically-informed morpho-syntactic, semantic and pragmatic approaches to TAM expression in natural languages, and the exploration and examination of this domain in a fieldwork and language documentation setting: how do underdescribed languages inform our understanding of this domain, and how should we approach the documentation of these concepts in the field?Anindilyakwa is a particularly interesting language to examine in this regard, given the polysynthetic nature and complex morphological make-up and combinatorics of the verb. Inflectionally, TAM expression is realised through the combination of (at least) two discontinuous morphological slots of the verb structure. In addition to the complex morphological combinatorics of the verbal structure, this inflectional system displays widespread aspectuo-temporal underspecification, coupled with a widespread lack of contrastiveness in many of the paradigmatic forms (i.e. syncretism). Thus, unpacking and understanding these inflectional verbal properties, with respect to TAM expression, is where the core of this thesis lies.This comprehensive semantic and morpho-syntactic investigation into the TAM system of Anindilyakwa contributes not only to the description of this underdocumented language, but it also bolsters the representation of understudied (particularly non-European) languages that have received detailed TAM study, ensuring that future cross-linguistic typological work on TAM has access to richer data in a wider sample of the world’s languages
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Barbosa, Raphael Augusto Oliveira 1984. "Aspectos tipológicos na formação de palavras em um grupo de línguas da família Pano." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270401.
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Orientador: Angel Humberto Corbera MoriDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa o sistema de formação de palavras em um grupo de oito línguas da família Pano: Kashibo-Kakataibo, Katukina, Kaxinawa, Matis, Matsés, Shanenawa, Shipibo-Konibo e Yawanawa - sob a perspectiva teórica da linguística tipológicafuncional. O objetivo desta pesquisa é comparar e explicar as similaridades e diferenças de algumas propriedades semânticas a respeito dos elementos morfológicos usados pelos falantes desses idiomas com vistas a formar palavras por meio de três processos linguísticos: afixação, reduplicação e composição. Com este estudo, buscamos oferecer subsídios para novas pesquisas teóricas e aplicadas a respeito das funções e dos significados presentes na morfologia derivacional do grupo de línguas Pano estudado. Nesse sentido, descrevemos duas classes de prefixos (morfemas partes do corpo e aspectuais), e investigamos como a função locativa e os significados metafóricos são codificados pelo sistema conceptual de prefixação lexical, assim como analisar a função aspectual dos demais prefixos. A respeito da reduplicação, discutimos sua característica icônico-derivacional, sua função aspectual e numeral, e a ordem e significado de suas construções complexas (reduplicações com afixos). Ademais, além de descrevermos a distribuição da composição e seus significados, também analisamos como seus elementos lexicais se configuram da maneira como são observados. Para tanto, utilizamos trabalhos científicos já realizados por estudiosos desses idiomas, disponíveis em teses e outros tipos de publicação. Basicamente, o texto compõe-se de quatro seções, da maneira como se segue. Na introdução (1) apresentamos alguns aspectos etnolinguísticos da família Pano e o quadro teórico-metodológico utilizado na análise. Logo após (2) examinamos o sistema de prefixação e então descrevemos brevemente os sufixos e as construções analíticas do grau aumentativo e diminutivo. Em seguida (3) analisamos a reduplicação e a composição. Na conclusão (4) apresentamos os aspectos tipológicos do sistema de formação de palavras por prefixação, reduplicação, e composição do grupo de línguas Pano selecionado
Abstract: This dissertation analyses the system of word-formation in a group of eight languages of the Pano family: Kashibo-Kakataibo, Katukina, Kaxinawa, Matis, Mastsés, Shanenawa, Shipibo-Konibo e Yawanawa - from a functional-typological perspective. The objective of this research is to compare and explain the similarities and differences of some semantic properties related to the morphological elements used by speakers of these languages in order to form words using three linguistic processes: affixation, reduplication and composition. Futhermore, we aim to provide insight into new theoretical and applied research about the functions and meanings present in the derivational morphology of the Pano languages studied. Accordingly, we describe two classes of prefixes (parts of the body and aspectual morphemes), and investigate how locative functions and metaphorical meanings are encoded by the conceptual system of lexical prefixation, as well as analyzing the function of other aspectual prefixes. Regarding reduplication, we discuss its iconic-derivational quality, its aspectual and numeral functions, and the order and meaning of their complex constructions (reduplications with affixes). In addition, besides describing the distribution of the composition and its meanings, we also analyse how its lexical elements are configured in the way they are observed. We used scientific research already published by scholars of these languages, available in theses and other types of publication. Fundamentally, the text is composed of four parts. In the introduction (1) we present some ethnolinguistic aspects of the Pano family and the theoretical and methodological framework used in the analysis, follow by (2) an analysis of the system of prefixation, and a description of the suffixes and analitical constructions of augmentative and diminutive meanings. Next (3) we examine the reduplication and the composition. In conclusion (4) we present the typological aspects of the word-formation system of prefixation, reduplication, and composition of the Pano languages studied
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
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Vafaeian, Ghazaleh. "Breaking paradigms : A typological study of nominal and adjectival suppletion." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43461.
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Suppletion is a term used to describe the occurrence of unpredictable and irregular patterns. Although typological research has been devoted to verb suppletion, not as much attention has been given to suppletion in nominal and adjectival paradigms. The thesis presents the cross-linguistic distribution of nominal and adjectival suppletion. The lexical distribution as well as the features involved are presented. The results of nominal suppletion show that nouns referring to humans are most often suppletive, that number is the most common grammatical feature involved in nominal suppletion and that „child‟ is by far the most common noun to be suppletive cross-linguistically. The results on adjectival suppletion show that adjectival suppletion is well spread though not very common cross-linguistically. A study of 8 Semitic languages shows that „woman‟ versus „women‟ are stable suppletive forms in this language family.
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Driver, Daniel R. "Brevard Childs : the logic of scripture's textual authority." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/754.
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Brevard Childs argues for the inner logic of scripture’s textual authority as an historical reality that gives rise to the material condition by which the church apprehends and experiences God in Christ. The church’s use of (or by) scripture thus has a larger interiority: the shaped canon of scripture, Old and New Testaments, is a rule of faith which accrues authority in the church, through the vehicle of the sensus literalis. Childs’ work has been misplaced, however. Part one locates it internationally, attending to the way it has been read in English and German and finding that it has enjoyed a more patient reception in Europe than in Britain or North America. To illustrate, Childs’ definition of biblical theology is contrasted with that of James Barr. Their differences over gesamtbiblische theology involve opposite turns toward and away from Barthian dogma in biblical inquiry. Part two examines Childs on biblical reference, introducing why intertextuality is not midrashic but deictic—pointing to the res. This coincides with an understanding of the formation of biblical literature. Childs’ argument for canonical shaping is juxtaposed with Hermann Gunkel on tradition history, showing “final form” to be a deliberate inversion of form critical principles. Childs’ interest in the Bible as religious literature is then set alongside his studious confrontation of Judaism, with implications for inter-religious dialogue. Barr and Childs are compared again in part three, which frames their respective senses of indirect and direct biblical reference in terms of allegory. Both see allegory at work in the modern world under certain rules (either biblical criticism or the regula fidei). Their rules affect their articulations of trinitarian dogma. Finally, Psalm102 highlights divergences between modern and pre-modern interpreters. If scripture comprehends the present immediately, some postures of the church toward the synagogue may be excluded.
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Montero-Melis, Guillermo. "Thoughts in Motion : The Role of Long-Term L1 and Short-Term L2 Experience when Talking and Thinking of Caused Motion." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för svenska och flerspråkighet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142197.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about whether language affects thinking. It deals with the linguistic relativity hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences the way we think. This hypothesis is investigated in the domain of caused motion (e.g., ‘The man rolled the tyre into the garage’), by looking at Spanish and Swedish, two languages that show striking differences in how motion events are encoded. The thesis consists of four studies. The first two focus on native speakers of Spanish and Swedish. Study I compares how Spanish and Swedish speakers describe the same set of caused motion events, directing the spotlight at how variable the descriptions are in each language. The results confirm earlier findings from semantic typology regarding the dominant ways of expressing the events in each language: Spanish behaves like a verb-framed language and Swedish like a satellite-framed language (Talmy, 2000). Going beyond previous findings, the study demonstrates—using the tools of entropy and Monte Carlo simulations—that there is markedly more variability in Spanish than in Swedish descriptions. Study II tests whether differences in how Spanish and Swedish speakers describe caused motion events are reflected in how they think about such events. Using a novel similarity arrangement task, it is found that Spanish and Swedish speakers partly differ in how they represent caused motion events if they can access language during the task. However, the differences disappear when the possibility to use language is momentarily blocked by an interference task. The last two studies focus on Swedish learners of Spanish as a second language (L2). Study III explores how Swedish learners (compared to native Spanish speakers) adapt their Spanish motion descriptions to recently encountered input. Using insights from the literature on structural priming, we find that Swedish learners initially expect to encounter in their L2, Spanish, those verb types that are typical in Swedish (manner verbs like ‘roll’) but that, with increasing proficiency, their expectations become increasingly attuned to the typical Spanish pattern of using path verbs (like ‘enter’). These expectations are reflected in the way L2 learners adapt their own production to the Spanish input. Study IV asks whether recent linguistic experience in an L2 can affect how L2 learners think about motion events. It is found that encountering motion descriptions in the L2 that emphasize different types of information (path or manner) leads L2 speakers to perceive similarity along different dimensions in a subsequent similarity arrangement task. Taken together, the thesis argues that the study of the relation between language and thought affords more valuable insights when not posed as an either-or question (i.e., does language affect thought or not?). In this spirit, the thesis contributes to the wider aim of investigating the conditions under which language does or does not affect thought and explores what the different outcomes tell us about language, thought, and the intricate mechanisms that relate them.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Bassa, Vanrell Maria del Mar. "Preposition typology with manner of motion verbs in Spanish." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23654.
Full textAbstract:
Spanish, as a V(erb)-framed language (Talmy 1985), is expected to lexicalize the path of motion in the verb and manner in some satellite when it comes to the description of motion events. Nonetheless, it shows mixed properties (e.g. Aske 1989, Berman & Slobin 1994). All manner of motion verbs can take a path satellite introduced by the prepositions "hacia" and "hasta", and yet only some can take a path satellite introduced by the preposition "a." I claim that goal XPs introduced by "hasta" and "hacia" are adjuncts, whereas "a" is an argument marker. In order to capture the intermediacy of a verb’s ability to take a goal XP, I classify manner of motion verbs according to a three-way distinction that takes into account whether they encode path categorically, overwhelmingly, or only sometimes, and whether they lexically reject the notion of a goal. Finally, I posit verb coercion—under certain semantic and pragmatic conditions—of manner of motion verbs that strongly or categorically favor displacement in order to express a goal. These semantic/pragmatic influential factors are reduced to (i) degree of manner and (ii) degree of goal-orientedness.text
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Vejdemo, Susanne. "Triangulating Perspectives on Lexical Replacement : From Predictive Statistical Models to Descriptive Color Linguistics." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137874.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate lexical replacement processes from several complementary perspectives. It does so through three studies, each with a different scope and time depth. The first study (chapter 3) takes a high time depth perspective and investigates factors that affect the rate (likelihood) of lexical replacement in the core vocabulary of 98 Indo-European language varieties through a multiple linear regression model. The chapter shows that the following factors predict part of the rate of lexical replacement for non-grammatical concepts: frequency, the number of synonyms and senses, and how imageable the concept is in the mind. What looks like a straightforward lexical replacement at a high time depth perspective is better understood as several intertwined gradual processes of lexical change at lower time depths. The second study (chapter 5) narrows the focus to seven closely-related Germanic language varieties (English, German, Bernese, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic) and a single semantic domain, namely color. The chapter charts several lexical replacement and change processes in the pink and purple area of color space through experiments with 146 speakers. The third study (chapter 6) narrows the focus even more, to two generations of speakers of a single language, Swedish. It combines experimental data on how the two age groups partition and label the color space in general, and pink and purple in particular, with more detailed data on lexical replacement and change from interviews, color descriptions in historical and contemporary dictionaries, as well as botanical lexicons, and historical fiction corpora. This thesis makes a descriptive, methodological and theoretical contribution to the study of lexical replacement. Taken together, the different perspectives highlight the usefulness of method triangulation in approaching the complex phenomenon of lexical replacement.
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Jerro, Kyle Joseph. "Argument structure and the typology of causatives in Kinyarwanda : explaining the causative-instrumental syncretism." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/24090.
Full textAbstract:
In the Bantu language Kinyarwanda, the morpheme –ish can be used to mark both causation and the instrumental applicative. This report pro- poses an explanation for this causative-instrumental syncretism, arguing that both causation and the introduction of an instrument are—at their core—two outgrowths of the same semantic notion. Fitting with other morphological causatives in Bantu, the causative use of –ish patterns as a lexical causative marker. The analysis presented here captures the lex- ical nature of the causative use of the morpheme by arguing that the new causal link is added sub-lexically, situating Kinyarwanda into a cross- linguistic typology of morphological causatives.text
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REMEŠ, Štěpán. "Kauzativní vazby "FARE + infinitiv": typologie a české ekvivalenty." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188331.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this diploma thesis is Italian causative constructions fare + infinitive. The work is divided into two parts. In the first, theoretical, part the author defines Italian causative constructions then he describes their syntactic and semantic properties. After that the author turns his focus to Czech causative constructions which are followed by the second, practical, part of the work. In that part the author works with itWaC, an Italian web corpus, on the basis of which he makes a list of verbs that enter into causative constructions. Thereafter, the author proposes translations of the most frequent constructions and in case of more possible translations of the same one, he tries to theoretically explain such a situation.
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Hanitramalala, Rita. "Vers une typologie des collocations à verbe support en malgache." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20507.
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Krejci, Bonnie Jean. "Causativization as antireflexivization : a study of middle and ingestive verbs." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5704.
Full textAbstract:
This report investigates the causativization patterns of verbs of eating and drinking from a typological perspective, arguing that ingestive verbs may be grouped together with middle verbs with respect to causativization. It is argued that both ingestive verbs and middle verbs are lexically reflexive and, in some languages, their causative variants are derived from their non-causative variants by an antireflexivization operation that delinks the verbs' coidentified arguments. Evidence from English and Marathi shows that such an operation is plausible as a causativization strategy on both semantic and morphological grounds.text
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VENUŠOVÁ, Alena. "Les constructions causatives \kur{faire + infinitif} et leurs équivalents tch\'ques." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153302.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides a comparison of causative mechanisms between two languages: Czech and French. The aim of this research is to reveal expressions that contain a causative meaning in Czech and to analyze which of them are truly equivalent to the French causative construction faire + infinitive. This work classifies general causative mechanisms, according to their nature, between synthetic (prefix, lexical expressions) and analytic (French complex predicate faire + infinitive, periphrastic constructions, separate clauses) and focuses on the French construction by describing its syntactical and semantic specificity. This causative construction is the basis of a parallel research in corpora InterCorp, a technical tool which helps excerpt authentic texts. Additionally, it is attempted to clarify and classify the usage of the Czech equivalents and search for factors that influence their choice with an eye on the source language.
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Hong, Kyu Sik. "An exegetical reading of the Abraham narrative in Genesis : semantic, textuality and theology." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25015.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is basically an exegetical work investigating the Abraham narrative (Gen 11:27-25:11) in Genesis in a sense of a text-centered approach, which aims to the Sitz im Text not to reconstruct the early Sitz im Leben of the narrative. In other words, this study seeks primarily to interpret the final form of the narrative as the locus of revelation. Taking the adages ‘no text is an island,’ ‘let the text speak for itself’ as its point of departure, this study focuses on the question how the individual episodes in the Abraham narrative are played by texts in Genesis and in the larger literary units in the Pentateuch. In this vein, the work examines the narrative through careful attention to literary and rhetorical features such as narrative structure, recurring themes and motifs, allusion (or foreshadowing), wordplays, points of view, plot, and characterization by attempting to analyze and describe its structure and the semantics of the arrangement of source material in the pericope of the narrative. For it is believed that the literary tools used by the author (or the final composer) to establish continuity and link various constituent parts together in a unified literary composition. Seen within such a context, two methodological approaches in this study will be offered promise for discovering possible the narrative function of the Abraham cycle: intertextuality and the composition criticism. The former provides the compositional tactics mapped out by the author (or the final composer) for the recognition of narrative literary context of the Abraham narrative within the macro-structure and the micro-structure of the Pentateuch. While, the latter asks the right questions to discover textual correlations between the narrative and the rest of texts in Genesis and in the Pentateuch. As a result, this approach to the narrative reveals a distinct compositional strategy, which is to convey the author’s (or the final composer’s) theological considerations clearly and persuasively. Methodological peculiarities for reading the Abraham narrative are considered in chapter 1. Chapter 2 is to examine in detail of the inner literary arrangement of the Abraham narrative in the narrative frame of Genesis and the Pentateuch. It is followed by a discussion of the inner textual integrity of logic, and syntax of the narrative in chapter 3. The intertextual relationships between the pericope and the remaining texts in the Pentateuch will be explored by syntactically examining of the texts at semantic and thematic level. The theological considerations of the narrative proceed by these scrutinized intra/inter-textual examination of the texts. The final chapter, chapter 5, summarizes some of the advantages of applying the method to the narrative and some exegetical suggestions in terms of pre-critical angle. Please cite as follows: Hong, KS 2007, An exegetical reading of the Abraham narrative in Genesis : semantic, textuality and theology, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd- etd-05262008-155326>Thesis (PHD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Old Testament Studies
unrestricted
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BASAŘOVÁ, Petra. "ANAPHORE ASSOCIATIVE DANS LE ROMAN DE MILAN KUNDERA " LA PLAISANTERIE " : IDENTIFICATION, FONCTIONNEMENT, TRAITS FORMELS." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153303.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with questions of so called associative anaphora, which represents one of means of textual references. Firstly, the term is generally delimitated after a study of specialized literature. Then, the analysis is demonstrated at the French version of the novel by Milan Kundera called "La Plaisanterie" and the sequences found in this book are commented and classified on the basis of given criteria into several subcategories. The emphasis is put on semantic relations between coreferential segments and possible influence of using of determiners on functioning of these relations. In addition, the work aims to focus whether the associative link and lexical stereotypes are connected. The final task of this work is the comparison with Czech original and there is demonstrated by a summary what language means are used in Czech language to express such anaphoric links.