Dissertations / Theses: 'Semen analysis'

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Badenoch, D. F. "Semen analysis and fertility." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375208.

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Gacem, Sabrina. "Computerised analysis of semen in equids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672020.

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L’enfocament que es proposa en aquesta tesi es basa en el fet que hi ha un buit d’informació sobre l’optimització de l’examen de la solidesa reproductiva juntament amb els protocols d’anàlisi de semen en els equids, tal com es va veure al capítol anterior. A l’ase, no es van definir protocols específics per a l’anàlisi de semen, només per a mostres de sementals on hi ha un acord general sobre el protocol a utilitzar. Quan es comprova el tracte reproductor, s’utilitza una ecografia en mode B com a mètode de diagnòstic fàcil i no invasiu. D’altra banda, es pot utilitzar una ecografia Doppler polsada per estudiar la perfusió testicular de sang. Els índexs de Doppler pulsat de l’artèria testicular i les mides ASG van mostrar una correlació positiva amb la qualitat del semen en sementals i diferents espècies. Malauradament, no es van fer estudis d’aquest tipus en ruc, cosa que constitueix el primer objectiu de la tesi. No obstant això, quan es tracta d’anàlisi de semen, la tecnologia CASA representa el millor mètode objectiu que s’utilitza avui en dia. Permet obtenir dades quantitatives fiables, fins i tot si és necessari definir protocols que assegurin la consistència i l’aplicació universal dels resultats. Tanmateix, aquesta estandardització mai s’ha fet seguint un punt de vista integrador, que compon el segon objectiu general. Hi ha tres aspectes principals a tenir en compte a l’hora d’optimitzar les anàlisis automatitzades de semen mitjançant la tecnologia CASA-Mot, a saber, el tipus, la profunditat de la cambra de comptatge, la dilució i la velocitat de fotogrames d’adquisició d’imatges. Els avenços tecnològics van permetre ara l’adquisició d’alta freqüència de captura i, al mateix temps, el procés d’aquestes imatges en segons. A més, es va definir l’estructura de les subpoblacions d’espermatozoides en marcs més alts i la distribució SP entre les races dels sementals. El tercer objectiu era col·laborar en l’ús i la millora de la nova tècnica Trumorph®, per a l’anàlisi de morfologia de l’esperma que permet l’anàlisi d’espermatozoides immobilitzats vius.
El enfoque defendido en esta tesis se basa en el hecho de que existe un vacío de información con respecto a la optimización del examen de solidez reproductiva junto con los protocolos de análisis de semen en équidos, como se vio en el capítulo anterior. En burro, no se definieron protocolos específicos para el análisis de semen, solo para muestras de sementales donde existe un acuerdo general sobre el protocolo a utilizar. Cuando se comprueba el tracto reproductivo, la ecografía en modo B se utiliza como un método de diagnóstico fácil y no invasivo. Por otro lado, la ecografía Doppler pulsado se puede utilizar para estudiar la perfusión sanguínea testicular. Los índices de Doppler pulsado de la arteria testicular y los tamaños de ASG mostraron una correlación positiva con la calidad del semen en sementales y diferentes especies. Lamentablemente, estos estudios no se realizaron en burro, lo que constituye el primer objetivo de la tesis. Sin embargo, cuando se trata de análisis de semen, la tecnología CASA representa el mejor método objetivo utilizado en la actualidad. Permite obtener datos cuantitativos confiables, incluso si es necesario para definir protocolos asegurando la consistencia y aplicación universal de los resultados. Sin embargo, esta estandarización nunca se ha hecho siguiendo un punto de vista integrador, que compone el segundo objetivo general. Hay tres aspectos principales a considerar al optimizar los análisis de semen automatizados mediante la tecnología CASA-Mot, a saber, el tipo, la profundidad de la cámara de recuento, la dilución y la velocidad de cuadros de la adquisición de imágenes. Los avances en tecnología permitieron ahora la adquisición de alta frecuencia de captura y al mismo tiempo el proceso de estas imágenes en segundos. Además, se definió la estructura de las subpoblaciones de espermatozoides en cuadros más altos y la distribución de SP entre las razas de sementales. El tercer objetivo fue colaborar en el uso y la mejora de la nueva técnica Trumorph®, para el análisis de la morfología espermática que permite el análisis de espermatozoides inmovilizados vivos.
The approach advocated in this thesis is based on the fact that there is a gap of information regarding optimization of breeding soundness examination along with semen analysis protocols in equids as seen in the previous chapter. In donkey, no specific protocols for semen analysis were defined, only for stallion samples where there is a general agreement about the protocol to use. When the reproductive tract is checked, B-mode ultrasonography is used as a non-invasive and easy diagnostic method. On the other hand, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography can be used to study testicular blood perfusion. Pulsed-Doppler indices of testicular artery and ASG sizes showed a positive correlation with semen quality in stallion and different species. Unfortunately, no such studies were done in donkey, which makes up the first objective of the thesis. However, when it’s about semen analysis, CASA technology represents the best objective method used today. It permits to obtain reliable quantitative data, even if it is needed to define protocols assuring the consistency and universal application of the results. However, this standardization has never been done following an integrative point of view, which composes the second general objective. There are three main aspects to consider when optimizing automated semen analyses by CASA-Mot technology, namely the type, depth of the counting chamber, the dilution, and the frame rate of image acquisition. The advances in technology allowed now the acquisition of high capture frequency and at the same time the process of these images in seconds. Also, was defined sperm subpopulations structure at higher frames and SP distribution between stallions’ breeds. The third objective was to collaborate in the use and the improvement of the new Trumorph® technique, for sperm morphology analysis which permits the analysis of alive immobilized sperm.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Medicina i Sanitat Animals

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Carson, Claire Elizabeth. "Risk factors for poor semen quality : a study of men undergoing semen analysis." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424325.

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Dunphy, Bruce C. "The clinical value of conventional semen analysis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332394.

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The object of this thesis was to determine the independent predictive value of semen parameters obtained from the conventional analysis of semen by the methods advocated by the World Health Organisation in 1987, and of the descriptive semen categories also advocated by the World Health Organisation in 1987. The laboratory error in assessing sperm motility, density and morphology was quantified, and minimised by examining the predictive value of semen analyses performed by one technician. It was determined whether it is important to employ stringent criteria for recruiting fertile controls, by comparing semen parameters obtained from 'fertile' men who were recruited by two different methods. The relationship between demographic and clinical female factors and the cumulative conception rate was studied. The relationship between semen parameters and fertility was studied by two different methods. Firstly 'fertile' controls were compared to men who had attended an infertility clinic who were grouped by details of their partners. Secondly the relationship between semen parameters and the cumulative conception rate was studied after having considered known female factors. The relationship between information obtained from the history and physical examination of the male partner and the cumulative conception rate was studied, and it was determined whether semen analysis furnished predictive information independent of these features. This study also attempted to determine how many semen samples should be examined for optimum predictive value.

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Oosthuizen, Lizle Joann. "Impact of obesity on semen analysis parameters." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19888.

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Includes bibliographical references
This study aims to address the lack of data on the link between BMI and infertility in the South African population by describing the prevalence of male overweight and obesity in a group of men undergoing infertility investigation, as well as assessing any semen analysis abnormalities in these groups. It also aims to describe how well men can predict their BMI category and determine whether weight loss would be an acceptable part of infertility management in overweight or obese male partners. Beliefs surrounding healthy weight and fertility will also be addressed.

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Jensen, Carl Edward. "A longitudinal study of hormonal and semen profiles in a marathon runners." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27133.

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Over the past decade long distance marathon running has become an important recreational activity. There is evidence that males with high levels of physical activity have some impairment of fertility. In order to investigate this further, 24 male marathon runners were studied over a period of a year. Each runner was assessed at regular intervals using hormonal profiles, anthropomorphic indices and semen evaluation. The training time and distance run increased progressively over the first five months of the study as the runners prepared for the Two Oceans marathon. Analysis of the serum hormonal profiles in this longitudinal study showed that the prolactin level increased when comparing the initial study month with the rest of the year and the progesterone level decreased. However the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol (E2) levels remained unchanged. When the runners were divided into a high and low training group according to the distance run in the preceding week, the only significant difference was the lower mean serum FSH level in the high training group. A decrease in semen volume was demonstrated as the training time increased. This trend was reversed as the runners' training decreased after the Two Oceans marathon. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa showed an initial significant decrease in the first month of training. However, no significant difference was observed throughout the rest of year. An overall downward trend in semen motility in the first 5 months of the study was shown but this was only significant if the first and fifth study months were compared. The decrease in semen motility coincided with the period of maximum training. Since patients with an adequate sperm count but decreased motility have impaired fertility this finding is of considerable importance. In addition to the decrease in motility, there was a decrease in the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa when the initial month of low physical activity (December) was compared to all of the subsequent months analysed. This, too, is an important finding as the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa correlates directly with fertilisation and pregnancy rates. When the results were analysed in the high and low training months there was a significant difference in mean semen count and semen morphology. The mean count was higher in the high training group and this group also had a significantly higher normal morphology. However, there was no significant difference in semen volume and motility in the high and low training groups.

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Zhao, Jie. "Chromatographic analysis of active components in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445365.

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Joels, Lisa Anne. "The predictive value of sperm assessment prior to in vitro fertilisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310655.

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Flint, Margot. "Relationship between semen viscosity and male genital tract infections." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20167.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The basic semen analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of male infertility and makes a significant contribution to the diagnostic process in andrology, gynecology and clinical urology. In 1902, the man considered to be ―the founding father of modern andrology‖ Edward Martin, proposed that an analysis of a semen sample should be incorporated into all infertility assessments. Following this suggestion in 1956, the scientist John MacLeod advanced the basic semen analysis from beyond a mere observation and introduced the importance of certain semen parameters such as morphology, motility and viscosity. The present day examination includes the analysis of certain established semen parameters, which can provide key information about the quality of a patient‘s semen and the functional competence of the spermatozoa. A semen analysis is also a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing possible disorders of the male genital tract and the secretory pattern of the male accessory sex glands. This information can help to determine the reproductive capacity of the male and can be used in conjunction with the partner to indicate the impact of male genital pathophysiology in the assessment of a couple‘s prospect for fertility. Patients attending the andrology laboratory at Tygerberg Academic Hospital for a semen analysis are referred based on primary, secondary or idiopathic infertility. Amongst these patients, an increase in semen viscosity has been observed over a period of time and created the need to assess the possible causes behind this trend. Despite viscosity being included in a routine spermiogram, it raises a considerable amount of concern as it is assessed semi-quantitatively. In the first part of this study, the possible correlation between seminal hyperviscosity and leukocytospermia was assessed. To achieve the most comprehensive assessment of viscosity, a new approach was used, which is a highly quantitative method to record viscosity in the international unit, centipoise (cP). The analysis of semen samples for possible leukocytospermia was approached by three methods the first of which was cytological. During this method granulocyte grading was performed on stained semen smears during the normal determination of morphology. The same approach was taken for the second method, whereby white blood cell concentrations were quantified with a leukocyte peroxidase test in the total sample group (n=200). Viscosity was compared between the samples classified as leukocytospermic positive or negative, according to the set reference values of the World Health Organisation (WHO). Correlation analysis between the two variables was also performed. In the biochemical approach of detecting leukocytospermia, an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the concentration of the extracellular polymorphonuclear (PMN) enzyme released from leukocytes. This test was performed on 124 randomly selected samples. All samples were fractionated before storage in liquid nitrogen, to allow for multiple assessments to be performed on each sample. The PMN elastase concentration was assessed against viscosity to investigate a possible correlation and relationship with the presence of leukocytospermia. All three methods of detecting possible infection showed a significantly positive relationship with increased viscosity in semen samples. The second approach in the study was to assess increased viscosity and leukocytospermia against parameters included in the spermiogram. An evaluation of hyperviscosity and its correlations to the various other semen parameters can allow for a detailed study into the effects that this anomaly may elicit. With the assessment of each of the sperm parameters against the leukocyte count and viscosity (cP), volume, concentration and morphology showed significance. To further the study, the third angle was to investigate a possible correlation between viscosity and the functional status of the male accessory sex glands. The biochemical approach of assessing the secretory patterns of the prostate and seminal vesicles against markers of infection can possibly further the understanding behind hyperviscous semen and leukocytospermia. Citric acid and fructose, secretory products of the prostate and seminal vesicles respectively, showed no significance when assessed against the leukocyte count and viscosity. However, this project was a pilot study and this approach offers an exciting avenue for further research. These research findings may provide a more comprehensive assessment of a man‘s fertility status. Seen in the context of patients attending the andrology laboratory of Tygerberg Academic Hospital, this is greatly needed as the majority of these patients cannot afford advanced assisted reproductive therapies. The introduction of a more accurate method of quantifying viscosity may possibly help to identify, diagnose and treat patients suffering from leukocytospermia in order to ultimately enhance their fertility potential.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die basiese semenanalise speel 'n belangrike rol in die diagnose van manlike infertiliteit en maak dus 'n betekenisvolle bydrae tot die diagnostiese proses in andrologie, ginekologie en kliniese urologie. In 1902 het Edward Martin, wat deur sommige navorsers as die vader van moderne andrologie beskou word, voorgestel dat 'n semenanalise deel moet vorm van alle infertiliteitsondersoeke. In 1956 het die wetenskaplike John MacLeod aanvoorwerk gedoen om die grondslag van 'n basiese semenanalise daar te stel, wat beteken het dat, in plaas van net 'n observasie studie te doen, 'n semenmonster kwantitatief analiseer moes word en dat parameters soos spermmorfologie, motiliteit en viskositeit as deel van die volledige analise gedoen moet word. Die hedendaagse analise sluit, behalwe die basiese semenparameters, ook inligting in oor die funksionele aspekte van spermatozoa. Die semenanalise is dus ook ‗n belangrike diagnostiese hulpmiddel om inligting rakende moontlike abnormaliteite in die manlike genitale traktus en die sekretoriese funksies van die manlike bykomstige geslagskliere te verskaf. Hierdie inligting kan help om 'n moontlike diagnose van die man se fertiliteitspotensiaal te maak. Terselftertyd kan dit ook tesame met die metgesel se reproduktiewe inligting meer lig werp op die impak van die man se genitale patofisiologie op die paartjie se fertilitetspotensiaal. Pasiënte wat die andrologielaboratorium van die Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal besoek word verwys op grond van primêre, sekondêre of idopatiese infertiliteit. Gedurende die laaste aantal jare is daar ‗n toename in voorkoms van verhoogde semenviskositeit onder hierdie groep pasiënte waargeneem. Dit het die behoefte laat ontstaan om die moontlike redes hiervoor te ondersoek. Ten spyte van die feit dat viskositeit deel vorm van die roetine semenanalise is dit tog kommerwekkend aangesien dit op 'n semi-kwantitatiewe manier bepaal word. In die eerste deel van hierdie studie is 'n moontlik korrelasie tussen seminale hiperviskositeit en leukositospermie ondersoek. Om die beste moontlike verwantskap te kon bepaal is 'n nuwe en hoogs kwantitatiewe metode gebruik om viskositeit in numeriese waardes volgens internasionale standaarde in centipoise (cP) te meet. Daar is van drie metodes gebruik gemaak om die teenwoordigheid van leukositospermie in 'n semenmonster te ondersoek. Die eerste metode was die sitologiese metode waar die teenwoordigheid van granulosiet op die gekleurde semensmeer tydens die standaard morfologie beoordeling bepaal word. Die tweede was deur middel van 'n leukosietperoksidase toets waarmee daar 'n kwantitatiewe telling gedoen kan word, soos teenwoordig in 'n voorbereide semenmonster. Hierdie twee bepalings is op die totale studiepopulasie van 200 pasiënte gedoen. Die viskositeit van monsters met of sonder die teenwoordigheid van leukositospermie, soos bepaal met die voorafgaande metodes en gebaseer op die WGO riglyne, is met mekaar vergelyk. Korrelasies is ook tussen hierdie twee veranderlikes en verskeie semenparameters van hierdie twee groepe gedoen. Die derde metode was 'n biochemiese ontleding met behulp van 'n ensiemgekoppeldeimmuunsorberende essai (ELISA) vir die bepaling van die ekstrasellulêre konsentrasie van polimorfonukleêre (PMN) elastase ensiem in die seminale plasma. Hierdie toets is op 124 lukraak gekose semenmonsters uitgevoer. Alle monsters is gefraksioneer voor berging in vloeibare stikstof om meervoudige analises van elke monster moontlik te maak. Die PMN elastase konsentrasies is vergelyk met die viskositeit van die semenmonsters vir 'n moontlike korrelasie en verwantskap met die teenwoordigheid van leukositospermie. Die resultate van al drie hierdie metodes, vir die moontlike bepaling van infeksie, het 'n betekenisvolle positiewe verwantskap met die toename in graad van viskositeit in semenmonsters aangetoon. Die tweede benadering van hierdie studie was om die viskositeitsgradering en die kwantitatiewe leukositopermie waardes te vergelyk met die semenparameters wat bepaal is tydens die semenanalise. Die doel van hierdie benadering was om enige verwantskap of effek van viskositeit asook die teenwoordigheid van witbloedselle op die semenparameters te ondersoek. Daar is betekenisvolle verwantskappe gevind tussen die viskositeitstatus van 'n semenmonster, die teenwoordigheid van witbloedselle en die semenparameters, soos motiliteit, morfologie en spermatosoa konsentrasie. Die derde benadering was om 'n ondersoek te doen na die moontlike verwantskap tussen viskositeit en die sekretoriese funksies van die manlike bykomstige geslagskliere, te wete die prostaat en seminale vesikula. Die biochemiese ondersoek na die sekresies van hierdie twee organe, naamlik fruktose en sitroensuur, is gedoen om te bepaal of die teenwoordigheid van infeksies van die manlike traktus, en waargeneem as leukositospermia, ook in verband gebring kan word met die viskositeitstatus van 'n semenmonster. Daar is geen verband gevind tussen die sekresies van hierdie twee kliere en die viskositeit van die semenmonsters nie. Aangesien hierdie deel van die studie net as 'n loodsprojek beskou is, is die biochemiese bepalings slegs op 'n beperkte aantal semenmonsters uitgevoer en kan hierdie tipe ondersoek as 'n moontlike verdere studie onderneem word. Hierdie navorsingsresultate kan lei tot ‗n meer omvattende assessering van mans se fertiliteitstatus. Dit is uiters noodsaaklik in die konteks van omstandighede van die pasiënte wat die andrologielaboratorium van die Tygerberg Akademiese Hospitaal besoek aangesien die meerderheid nie gevorderde in vitro behandeling kan bekostig nie. Die akkurate bepaling van 'n semenmonster se viskositeit kan dus moontlik waarde toevoeg tot die identifisering, diagnose en behandeling van pasiënte met leukositospermie om sodoende hulle fertiliteitspotensiaal te verbeter.

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Ladbrook, Matthew Benjamin. "Measurement of hyperactivated motion in human spermatozoa using computer assisted semen analysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264434.

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Greiser, Theresa Madeleine [Verfasser], Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieme, and Ottmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Distl. "Analysis of breed effects and genetic parameters of semen qualitytraits for frozen-thawed semen in stallions / Theresa Madeleine Greiser ; Harald Sieme, Ottmar Distl." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202272207/34.

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Saravia, Fernando. "Cryopreservation of boar semen : impact of the use of specific ejaculate portions, concentrated packaging, and simplified freezing procedures on sperm cryosurvival and potential fertilising capacity /." Uppsala : Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200898.pdf.

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Marques, Daniele Botelho Diniz. "Genetic parameters and genomic analysis of semen quality and fertility traits in pigs." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/18797.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O uso generalizado da inseminação artificial (IA) contribuiu grandemente para o sucesso da indústria de suínos, por meio do auxílio e disseminação do progresso genético. Atualmente, reprodutores suínos jovens são selecionados para IA com base em seus valores genéticos para características de produção e, a seleção de reprodutores para características de sêmen, como volume, concentração, motilidade e morfologia, bem como para menor variação intra- reprodutor na sua produção e qualidade, ainda não é uma prática comum. Esta seleção é importante para melhorar o desempenho dos reprodutores nas estações de IA, cujo objetivo é maximizar o número de doses inseminantes produzidas por cada ejaculado. A estimação de parâmetros genéticos e quantificação da variação genética para características de sêmen e para variação intra-reprodutor permitem analisar se essas características devem ser incluídas nos objetivos do melhoramento. Além da estimação de parâmetros genéticos para fins de seleção, o interesse em estudar os processos moleculares e os mecanismos genéticos que afetam as características de sêmen está aumentando nos últimos anos. Os estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) são comumente usados para identificar polimorfismos de base única (SNPs) associados a loci de características quantitativas (QTL) com maiores efeitos. O GWAS em passo único ponderado (WssGWAS) é um método que permite a estimação de efeitos de SNP utilizando informações de todos os animais genotipados, fenotipados e com pedigree na população. Expandindo as fronteiras dos estudos de reprodução em suínos, outro campo importante a ser explorado em programas de melhoramento é a fertilidade dos reprodutores. As características reprodutivas, como a duração da gestação (GL), o número total de leitões nascidos (TNB) e nascidos mortos (SB) são algumas características-chave para a produção eficiente de suínos. Devido às baixas ou moderadas herdabilidades para essas características, é importante identificar todos os fatores que as influenciam e incluir esses fatores nos modelos de avaliação genética. Os efeitos do reprodutor cujo ejaculado foi utilizado para inseminar a matriz e do ejaculado são dois desses fatores importantes que têm o potencial de melhorar os modelos tradicionais utilizados nas avaliações genéticas das características reprodutivas. Dentre os elementos que controlam o tamanho da leitegada, as taxas de fertilização e de sobrevivência pré-natal podem ser influenciadas pelo reprodutor, devido às diferenças genéticas na capacidade de fertilização relacionadas à qualidade do sêmen e/ou à contribuição genética do reprodutor para a viabilidade do embrião. Nesse contexto, os objetivos gerais com este estudo foram 1) estimar os parâmetros genéticos para qualidade e quantidade de sêmen, bem como para a variação intra-reprodutor para essas características; 2) identificar regiões de QTL e genes candidatos associados a características de sêmen por meio do WssGWAS e, subsequentemente, realizar análises de redes gênicas para investigar os processos biológicos compartilhados por genes identificados em diferentes linhas de suínos e 3) estimar parâmetros genéticos para o efeito do reprodutor na GL, TNB e SB e avaliar a inclusão dos efeitos do reprodutor e do ejaculado nos modelos de avaliação genética dessas características. Os resultados desta tese mostraram estimativas moderadas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas favoráveis entre características de sêmen, indicando que a seleção de reprodutores para essas características pode resultar em razoável progresso genético. Além disso, variação genética relevante foi encontrada para a variabilidade intra-reprodutor para essas características, revelando a possibilidade de seleção de reprodutores para uma menor variação na qualidade e produção de sêmen. Os resultados do WssGWAS apontaram regiões relevantes de QTL que explicaram grandes proporções da variância genética (até 10,8%) para as características de sêmen em vários cromossomos suínos, confirmando a suposição de complexidade genética dessas características. Esta identificação foi possível com o baixo número de animais com fenótipos e genótipos, devido à escolha apropriada do método. Os genes candidatos SCN8A, PTGS2, PLA2G4A, DNAI2, IQCG, LOC102167830, NME5, AZIN2, SPATA7, METTL3 e HPGDS foram identificados associados às características de sêmen nas regiões de QTL identificadas para as linhas de suínos avaliadas. A análise de redes gênicas mostrou genes candidatos encontrados para diferentes linhas de suínos compartilhando caminhos biológicos que ocorrem nos testículos de mamíferos. No que diz respeito à fertilidade do reprodutor, os resultados mostraram que há variação genética devido ao efeito do reprodutor em GL, TNB e SB; e o modelo com inclusão de efeitos de ambiente permanente e genéticos do reprodutor, além do efeito do ejaculado, mostrou o melhor ajuste para os dados. Esta tese resultou em informações científicas importantes e inovadoras na área de reprodução em machos, o que contribuirá para aumentar o conhecimento ainda escasso sobre a seleção genética e a arquitetura genômica de características de qualidade de sêmen e de fertilidade em reprodutores suínos.
The widespread use of artificial insemination (AI) has greatly contributed to the success of the pig industry by assisting and disseminating the genetic progress. Currently, young boars are selected for AI based on their breeding values for production traits and selecting boars for semen traits, such as volume, concentration, motility and morphology, and for low variation in semen quality and production is still not a common practice. This selection is important for better performance of boars at AI stations, whose objective is to maximize the number of insemination doses produced by each ejaculate. The estimation of genetic parameters and the quantification of genetic variation for semen traits and within-boar variation allow an analysis of whether these traits should be included in the breeding goal. Besides the estimation of genetic parameters for selection purposes, the interest in studying the molecular processes and genetic mechanisms affecting semen traits is increasing in recent years. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are commonly used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) with major effect. The weighted single-step GWAS (WssGWAS) is a method that allows estimation of SNP effects using information from all genotyped, phenotyped and pedigree animals. Expanding the frontiers of reproduction studies in pigs, another important field to be explored in breeding programs is the boar fertility. Reproductive traits, such as gestation length (GL), total number of piglets born (TNB) and stillborn (SB) are some of the bottleneck traits for efficient pig production. Because of the low to moderate heritabilities for these traits, it is important to identify all factors influencing them and to include these factors in the genetic evaluation models. The service sire (boar which ejaculate dose was used to inseminate the sow) and ejaculate effects are two of those important factors that have the potential to improve the traditional models used in the genetic evaluations of reproductive traits. Among the elements controlling the litter size, the fertilization rate and prenatal survival rate might be influenced by the service sire due to genetic differences in the capacity of fertilization, which is related to sperm quality and/or the boar genetic contribution to viability of the embryo. In this context, my overall aims were 1) to estimate genetic parameters for semen quality and quantity traits, as well as for within-boar variation of these traits; 2) to identify QTL regions and candidate genes associated with semen traits through a WssGWAS and, subsequently, to perform gene network analyses to investigate the biological processes shared by genes identified in different pig lines and 3) to estimate genetic parameters for service sire on reproductive traits GL, TNB and SB and to evaluate the inclusion of service sire and ejaculate effects in the genetic evaluation models of these traits. The results of this thesis showed moderate estimates of heritability and favorable genetic correlations between semen traits, indicating that boar selection for these traits could make reasonable genetic progress. In addition, relevant genetic variation was found for within-boar variability of these traits, revealing the possibility of selection of boars for reduced variation in semen quality and production. Results from WssGWAS pinpointed relevant QTL regions explaining high proportions of genetic variance (up to 10.8%) for semen traits in several pig chromosomes, confirming the assumption of genetic complexity of these traits. This identification was possible with low number of animals having both phenotypes and genotypes due to the appropriate choice of the method. Candidate genes SCN8A, PTGS2, PLA2G4A, DNAI2, IQCG, LOC102167830, NME5, AZIN2, SPATA7, METTL3 and HPGDS were identified associated with semen traits in the QTL regions identified for the pig lines evaluated. The gene network analysis showed candidate genes found for different pig lines sharing biological pathways that occur in mammalian testes. Regarding boar fertility, the results showed that there is genetic variation due to service sire effect on GL, TNB and SB; and the model with inclusion of permanent environmental and genetic effects due to service sire, in addition to ejaculate effect, showed the best fit to the data. This thesis resulted in important and innovative scientific information on male reproduction field in pigs, which will contribute to increase the still scarce knowledge about genetic selection and genomic architecture of boar semen quality and fertility traits.

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Ngcauzele, Asanele. "Seasonal differences in semen characteristics and sperm functionality in Tankwa goats." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6789.

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Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS)
Tankwa goats have been free-ranging in the Tankwa Karoo National Park in the Northern Cape for more than 80 years. A genetic study concluded that these feral goats are a unique genetic resource compared to other goat breeds in South Africa and should be conserved as a distinctive population. A decision taken by the South African National Parks who is the managing authority in the park, was to remove all alien species, which included the Tankwa goats. Several animals were translocated to the Carnarvon Research Station by the Northern Cape Department of Agriculture, Land Reform & Rural Development, where the Tankwa goat population has grown to a few hundred individuals. Currently, sound scientific decisions including the application of a wide range of technologies and approaches are applied to conserve the population, such as an informed understanding of the reproductive biology of these goats. The aim of this study was to define sperm quality in Tankwa goats using various macroscopic and microscopic evaluation techniques.

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Arbayza, Barnechea Martín Daniel. "Evaluación de parámetros seminales de jóvenes Universitarios de la ciudad de Lima – Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2016. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/830.

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A nivel mundial se está dando un fenómeno que cada vez es más común, la infertilidad. En la actualidad la edad es considerada un factor determinante en la calidad seminal, existe una relación directa entre la edad y el aumento del daño en el ADN espermático. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características seminales en jóvenes universitarios mediante espermatogramas utilizando el sistema computarizado de análisis seminal C.A.S.A (Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer, ISAS v1.2) para la evaluación morfológica. Se calcularon los estadísticos descriptivos, frecuencias y coeficientes de variación para todos los parámetros seminales procedentes de 30 jóvenes universitarios voluntarios de 18 a 30 años de edad. Con el fin de determinar si los hábitos de los jóvenes consideradas en la investigación tuvieron efecto en alguno de los parámetros seminales se realizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, en el caso de variables nominales, y una prueba de T de student o de U de Mann Whitney, previa verificación de la normalidad con la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk, en el caso de las variables cuantitativas. Todos los análisis se realizaron con un nivel de confianza de 95% en el software SPSS v.21. En conclusión no se encontraron asociaciones significativamente estadísticas entre los hábitos y los distintos parámetros seminales y se determinó que solo los criterios de pH, volumen, vitalidad, motilidad, concentración y recuento total, cumplen con los valores establecido por la Organización Mundial de Salud y la Sociedad Europea de Reproducción Humana y Embriología (ESHRE), a diferencia del 76.7% las muestras seminales que no cumple con los criterios de morfología. Se observó que existían alteraciones morfológicas en la cabeza y la pieza intermedia de los espermatozoides, comparándolo con los valores considerados normales por la OMS se obtuvo que las principales áreas afectadas fueron la longitud, el ancho, el área, la elipticidad y la elongación de la cabeza al igual que el ancho de la pieza intermedia, y al compararlo con los valores de la ESHRE se obtuvo que las principales áreas afectadas fueron el ancho, el área y la elipticidad de la cabeza. Worldwide is taking a phenomenon that is becoming more common, infertility. Today's age is considered a important factor in semen quality, there is a direct relationship between age and the increased damagein DNA sperm. The aim of this study wasto evaluate the seminal characteristics in young students by Spermograms and use a computerized semen analysis C.A.S.A (Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer, ISAS v1.2) for morphological evaluation Descriptive statistics and frequencies for all semen parameters considered in this study were calculated. The coefficient of variation was calculated by dividing the standard deviation to the average and expressed in percentage. In order to determine whether the habits of young people considered in the investigation had any effec on semen parameters Fisher's exact test was performed, in the case of nominal variables, and student T test or Mann Whitney, after verification of normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test, in the case of quantitative variables. All analyzes were performed with 95% confidence in the SPSS v.21 software In conclusion not significantly statistical associations between the habits and different sperm parameters were found and determined that only the criteria of pH, volume, vitality, motility, concentration and total count, meet values set by the World Health Organization and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, unlike 76.7% of young people who do not meet the requirements criteria of morphology. It was found that there were obvious morphological changes in the anatomical parts of the head and the intermediate piece, comparing the valuesconsidered normal by WHO, was obtained that the main affected areas were the length, width, area, ellipticity and elongation of the head as the width of the intermediate piece, and when compared with the valuesthat were obtained ESHRE relevant affected areas were the wide area and the ellipticity of the head.

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Miranda, Geraldo Elias 1978. "Analysis of the fluorescence of body fluids on different surfaces based on the age of the sample = Análise da fluorescência de fluidos corporais em diferentes superfícies de acordo com a idade da amostra." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290736.

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Orientador: Eduardo Daruge Junior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:52:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_GeraldoElias_M.pdf: 1300905 bytes, checksum: 727847fefeb94b489d815161f789fc98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: A utilização de técnicas de triagem como a alternate light source (ALS) é importante para encontrar evidências biológicas em uma cena de crime. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a fluorescência do fluido biológico (sangue, sêmen, saliva e urina) depositado em diferentes superfícies sofre variação em função da idade da amostra. A mancha foi iluminada com uma ALS da marca Megamaxx¿ System e fotografada com o auxílio do Canon EOS Utility¿. A análise das imagens foi feita por meio de uma combinação dos programas Adobe Photoshop¿ e ImageJ¿. O Adobe Photoshop¿ foi utilizado para preparar as fotografias para as análises e o ImageJ¿ para registrar o valor do brilho do pixel da imagem. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos na técnica de análise de variância por meio do ajuste de um modelo linear generalizado misto com dois fatores fixos e um terceiro fator, o tempo, analisado como medidas repetidas no formato de efeito aleatório com matriz de covariância do tipo autorregressivo de primeira ordem. Efeitos significativos tiveram suas médias comparadas duas a duas por meio do teste de Tukey. Pode-se concluir que a fluorescência dos fluidos biológicos analisados variaram em função do tempo em que foram expostos. A fluorescência foi menor quando as amostras estavam úmidas e permaneceram constantes quando estavam secas até o tempo máximo analisado (60 dias), independentemente do substrato em que o fluido foi depositado. Portanto, o perito forense pode detectar fluidos biológicos no local do crime usando uma ALS mesmo após vários dias da ocorrência do crime
Abstract: The use of screening techniques, such as an alternative light source (ALS), is important for finding biological evidence at a crime scene. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, and urine) deposited on different surfaces changes as a function of the age of the sample. Stains were illuminated with a Megamaxx¿ ALS System and photographed with a Canon¿ camera. Adobe Photoshop¿ was utilized to prepare photographs for analysis, and then ImageJ¿ was used to record the brightness values of pixels in the images. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using a generalized linear mixed model with two fixed effects (surface and fluid). Time was treated as a random effect (through repeated measures) with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure. Means of significant effects were compared by the Tukey test. In all tests, a 5% level of significance was established. The fluorescence of the analyzed biological material varied depending on the age of the sample. Fluorescence was lower when the samples were moist. Fluorescence remained constant when the sample was dry, up to the maximum period analyzed (60 days), independent of the substrate on which the fluid was deposited. Therefore, the forensic expert can detect biological fluids at the crime scene using an ALS even several days after a crime has occurred
Mestrado
Odontologia Legal e Deontologia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

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Smith, Tiffany Lynn. "Investigating the potential of RNA to be used in forensic casework analysis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11018.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 60 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).

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McEvoy, Ashleigh Cavell. "The clinical utility of the Halosperm assay and the development of a simplified method of human semen storage for the testing of sperm DNA fragmentation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1085.

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Male infertility is typically diagnosed upon routine semen analysis following the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) semen analysis manual. Recent editions of the manual have essentially changed the diagnosis of a semen sample, prompting debate between experts as to which edition should be followed. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) integrity analysis is proving to be a useful adjunct to semen analysis as 15% of infertile men have a normal semen analysis but they have an increased DNA fragmentation level (DFL) which has been associated with increased disease incidence in any resultant offspring. However, such tests are not endorsed by the WHO, possibly due to a lack of standardisation in the implementation, analysis and clinical interpretation of methods used to evaluate DNA integrity. Improved efficiency of testing is achieved by batch testing or sending samples to a central laboratory for analysis, requiring an effective storage system. Most current protocols for semen storage and related DNA integrity testing are complex, expensive and require specialised equipment. Nevertheless, since the Halosperm® G2 Kit, requires only standard laboratory equipment, a simple, convenient and stable storage method for the purpose of testing sperm DNA fragmentation would be advantageous. DNA has been successfully extracted from air‐dried semen and one particular study has investigated the use of air‐dried semen slides as a method of storage prior to DNA fragmentation testing, however, the effects of time and temperature on the integrity of spermatozoa DNA has not been considered. The first objective of this present study was to investigate the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation (using the Halosperm® G2 Test Kit) and semen analysis results (measured according to the 4th and 5th Edition WHO semenanalysis manuals) to determine the clinical utility of the Halosperm assay. The second objective was to consider extrinsic effects on the DNA integrity of air‐dried semen in order to develop an alternative storage method for semen prior to DNA fragmentation testing using the Halosperm assay. A retrospective analysis was carried out on 905 consecutive semen samples with 4th and 5th Edition semen analysis and Halosperm result. Pearson correlations, analysis by ANOVA and post‐hoc testing by Tukey’s HSD were used for statistical analysis. Multiple aliquots of semen samples were prepared to achieve fresh, snap frozen and air‐dried samples. Samples were sequentially assessed for sperm DNA fragmentation using the Halosperm® G2 kit (Halotech DNA SL, Spain) and scored against 300 sperm, with fragmentation results ≥30% considered positive. Fragmentation levels were compared between the different protocols. Multiple aliquots of semen samples were then air‐dried to test the fragmentation levels between different slide types, reconstituting fluids, times and temperatures. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and paired t‐tests were used for statistical analysis. In summary, whilst significant associations exist between sperm DNA fragmentation and sexual abstinence, volume of the ejaculate, sperm concentration, normal sperm morphology and sperm motility, the Halosperm assay may provide an explanation for infertility where semen analysis cannot. Furthermore, air‐drying semen is a simple and stable storage method, for up to one month at ‐22 degrees, prior to DNA fragmentation testing with the Halosperm® G2 kit.

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Castro, Michele Garcia Medeiros Teotônio de [UNESP]. "Avaliação seminal e testicular de cães submetidos à administração de cisplatina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91676.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_mgmt_me_jabo.pdf: 2415473 bytes, checksum: c2ac1404977205c00708d980ff1db437 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A correta orientação do Médico Veterinário, aos proprietários de cães, usados com finalidades reprodutivas, submetidas à quimioterapia com cisplatina, é importante na medida que este agente citostático age nas células em constante divisão, podendo ser citotóxico para as células germinativas testiculares. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade espermática através do espermograma, ultra-som e avaliação de ultraestruturas do testículo de cães que receberam cisplatina em diferentes momentos de análise espermática. A dose utilizada foi de 70 mg/m², dose terapêutica, em intervalos de 21 dias, totalizando 4 infusões. Os cães foram divididos em dois grupos de 4 animais cada, sendo que um dos grupos recebeu a quimioterapia e o protocolo de diurese para proteção renal, já o grupo controle não recebeu a cisplatina, estando sujeito apenas aos fatores ambientais e ao tratamento suporte. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a cisplatina influenciou na qualidade espermática de cães, pois elevou as patologias maiores e totais acima do aceitável para cães aptos a reprodução, além de alterações de volume testicular observados pelo exame ultra-sonográfico ao longo dos tratamentos e constatação da degeneração testicular em variados graus observados pela análise ultraestrutural. Portanto, infere-se que este citostático possa acarretar alterações morfofuncionais nos túbulos seminíferos
The Veterinary Doctor's correct orientation, to the proprietors of dogs, used with reproductive purposes, submitted to the chemotherapy with cisplatin, it is important in the measure that this citostatic agent acts in the cells in constant division, could be toxicity for the testicle germ cells . The objective of that work was to evaluate the spermatic quality through the spermogram, ultra-sound and evaluation of ultrastructures of the testicle of dogs that received cisplatin in different moments of spermatic analysis. The used dose was of 70 mg/m², therapeutic dose, in intervals of 21 days, totaling 4 infusions. The dogs were divided in two groups of 4 animals each, and one of the groups received the chemotherapy and the diuresis protocol for renal protection, the group control didn't already receive the cisplatin, being just subject to the environmental factors and the treatment supports. The obtained results demonstrated that the cisplatin influenced in the spermatic quality of dogs, because it elevated the larger and total pathologies above the acceptable for capable dogs the reproduction, besides alterations of volume testicular observed by the ultra-sound exam along the treatments and verification of the degeneration testicular in varied degrees observed by the analysis ultrastructural. Therefore, it is inferred that this citostatic agent can cart alterations morphofunctional in the seminiferous tubules

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20

Gonzáles, Vargas Víctor Efrain. "Effect of bulbourethrectomy and collection frequency on macro- and microscopic characteristics of llama (Lama glama) ejaculate." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5371.

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This study occurred in the Rural Academic Unit-Tiahuanaco installations, of the Bolivian Catholic University-La Paz, Bolviia, with the objective of evaluating macro- and microscopic characteristics of sperm ejaculation from bulbourethrectomized llamas. Six q'ara-variety male llamas of 3, 4, and 5 years of age were used over 8 weeks during which they were fed with natural and cultivated pastures. Ejaculate was collected with an artificial vagina with stimulation (libido) of male llamas by female llamas, for macro- and microscopic evaluation (volume, pH, color, appearance, motility, concentration, and sperm vitality). The results obtained were: average volume of 0.55[+or-]0.36 ml, with a CV of 20.2%; average pH of 7.53[+or-]0.42 with a CV of 4.9%; the ejaculate's color varied between crystal white, opaque white, and milky white at proportions of 50%, 25%, and 25%, respectively; average motility was 25.9[+or-]21.8% with a CV of 27.6%; average sperm concentration was 28.7x106[+or-]20.11x106 sperm/ml with a CV of 13%; average live sperm count was 31.8[+or-]24.4% with a CV of 25.3%; and the ejaculate an appearance of nonviscous fluid. The 4-year-old animals had excellent sperm ejaculations (macro- and microscopic characteristics) without differences between collection weeks.

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Ghasemi, Behrooz. "Evaluation of Morphological and Other Aspects of male Infertility in Testicilar Neoplasia using Lectin Histochemistry and Semen Analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492890.

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It has been estimated that approximately 15% of couples attempting to attain pregnancy are unable to do so. A female factor is the primary aetiology in nearly 40% of these couples and in another 30% the factors are purely male. A combmation of male and female factors has been implicated for the remaining 30% of cases. Infertility is a common problem among men with testicular cancer. Such men are especially affected by infertility and they often decide to undergo sperm banking (the collection and freezing of sperm) before beginning chemo/radiotherapy.

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McDonald, Kristina Marie. "The Development of a Dual Target Mycoplasma bovis TaqMan real-time PCR System for the Rapid Analysis of Bovine Semen." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345047775.

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Zorzi, Patricia de Moraes de. "Comparação entre os critérios de análise seminal da OMS de 1999 e de 2010 e contagem total de espermatozoides móveis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143091.

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Introdução: Em torno de 15% dos casais apresentam o diagnóstico de infertilidade, sendo que 50% se devem a fatores masculinos. Diversos testes de função espermática são propostos para a avaliação da fertilidade, mas o espermograma é o principal exame para o diagnóstico de infertilidade masculina. O valor prognóstico das características seminais como concentração, morfologia e motilidade como marcadores de infertilidade masculina é confundido. A avaliação desses e a classificação quanto à normalidade dos mesmos permanece sendo tema de discussão frequente. Objetivos: Comparar as diferentes classificações de parâmetros seminais (OMS 1999, OMS 2010 e TMSC) e avaliar as características de pacientes em terapia de reprodução humana assistida que se relacionam com esses parâmetros. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo longitudinal, retrospectivo, baseado em revisão de banco de dados para avaliar as características e parâmetros seminais e comparar as mesmas conforme as classificações da OMS de 1999, OMS de 2010 e TMSC de 477 homens submetidos a investigação de infertilidade ou tratamentos de reprodução assistida na clínica Generar – Reprodução Humana, entre 2011 e 2015. Resultados: 401 pacientes tiveram alguma alteração pela OMS 1999, 223 pela OMS 2010 e 200 pela TMSC. O critério que mais alterou a condição de uma amostra seminal de anormal em 1999 para normal em 2010 foi a morfologia. Conclusão: Os parâmetros se tornaram menos rígidos de 1999 para 2010 alterando significativamente a proporção de indivíduos que deixaram de ser classificados como inférteis. A classificação baseada no TMSC pode ser útil na indicação de alguns tratamentos, mas não pode definir um indivíduo como fértil ou infértil em função de não levar em consideração a morfologia espermática.
Background: Approximately 15% of couples presenting the diagnosis of infertility, and 50% of cases are due to male factors. Several sperm function testing is proposed for the evaluation of male fertility, but sperm is the first test for the diagnosis of male infertility causes. The prognostic value of the seminal characteristics as concentration, morphology and motility as male infertility markers is often confused. Evaluation of semen parameters and classification for normality remains frequent topic of discussion. Objectives: Compare the different classifications of seminal parameters (OMS 1999, WHO 2010 and TMSC) and evaluate the characteristics of patients treated in assisted reproduction therapy relating to these parameters. Methods: Retrospective study based on chart review evaluated 477 semen samples from men undergoing investigation or infertility treatments in assisted reproduction between 2011 and 2015. Results: 401 patients were considered abnormal by the WHO 1999, 223 by WHO 2010 and 200 for TMSC. The criteria that most changed the classification was sperm morphology. Conclusion: The parameters have become less rigid 1999 to 2010 significantly changing the proportion of individuals who are no longer classified as infertile. The classification based on TMSC can’t define an individual as fertile or infertile regardless due to not take into account the sperm morphology, but may be helpful when it comes to the indication of the intrauterine insemination.

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Castro, Michele Garcia Medeiros Teotônio de. "Avaliação seminal e testicular de cães submetidos à administração de cisplatina /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91676.

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Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Banca: Andrigo Barboza De Nardi
Resumo: A correta orientação do Médico Veterinário, aos proprietários de cães, usados com finalidades reprodutivas, submetidas à quimioterapia com cisplatina, é importante na medida que este agente citostático age nas células em constante divisão, podendo ser citotóxico para as células germinativas testiculares. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade espermática através do espermograma, ultra-som e avaliação de ultraestruturas do testículo de cães que receberam cisplatina em diferentes momentos de análise espermática. A dose utilizada foi de 70 mg/m², dose terapêutica, em intervalos de 21 dias, totalizando 4 infusões. Os cães foram divididos em dois grupos de 4 animais cada, sendo que um dos grupos recebeu a quimioterapia e o protocolo de diurese para proteção renal, já o grupo controle não recebeu a cisplatina, estando sujeito apenas aos fatores ambientais e ao tratamento suporte. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a cisplatina influenciou na qualidade espermática de cães, pois elevou as patologias maiores e totais acima do aceitável para cães aptos a reprodução, além de alterações de volume testicular observados pelo exame ultra-sonográfico ao longo dos tratamentos e constatação da degeneração testicular em variados graus observados pela análise ultraestrutural. Portanto, infere-se que este citostático possa acarretar alterações morfofuncionais nos túbulos seminíferos
Abstract: The Veterinary Doctor's correct orientation, to the proprietors of dogs, used with reproductive purposes, submitted to the chemotherapy with cisplatin, it is important in the measure that this citostatic agent acts in the cells in constant division, could be toxicity for the testicle germ cells . The objective of that work was to evaluate the spermatic quality through the spermogram, ultra-sound and evaluation of ultrastructures of the testicle of dogs that received cisplatin in different moments of spermatic analysis. The used dose was of 70 mg/m², therapeutic dose, in intervals of 21 days, totaling 4 infusions. The dogs were divided in two groups of 4 animals each, and one of the groups received the chemotherapy and the diuresis protocol for renal protection, the group control didn't already receive the cisplatin, being just subject to the environmental factors and the treatment supports. The obtained results demonstrated that the cisplatin influenced in the spermatic quality of dogs, because it elevated the larger and total pathologies above the acceptable for capable dogs the reproduction, besides alterations of volume testicular observed by the ultra-sound exam along the treatments and verification of the degeneration testicular in varied degrees observed by the analysis ultrastructural. Therefore, it is inferred that this citostatic agent can cart alterations morphofunctional in the seminiferous tubules
Mestre

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25

Sousa, Daniel Bartoli de [UNESP]. "Variabilidade das sub-populações de espermatozóides avaliados pela cinética em sistema computadorizado e combinação de sondas fluorescentes como praâmetro quantitativo do sêmen congelado de ovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105992.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Várias pesquisas foram desenvolvidas visando a melhoria da congelabilidade do sêmen ovino. Contudo, ainda não houve progressos significativos na fertilidade do sêmen congelado após a inseminação artificial cervical. Diversos sistemas de análise computadorizada do movimento espermático (CASA) têm sido propostos e aplicados na tentativa de quantificar características específicas do movimento espermático, podendo ainda determinar a presença e a cinética das subpopulações de espermatozóides. Muitos testes para avaliar a função espermática foram desenvolvidos, permitindo analisar simultaneamente diferentes aspectos da função espermática. Análise da função mitocondrial oferece uma maneira de acessar a motilidade espermática. Foram objetivos otimizar o sistema CASA na avaliação do sêmen congelado; determinar parâmetros da cinética espermática que expressem analogia com as características da avaliação das membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial (IP, FITC-PSA e JC-1; MITO; R-123) e utilizar conjuntamente os parâmetros fornecidos pelo sistema CASA e pelas sondas fluorescentes para agrupar as amostras de maneira qualitativa. Vinte e seis amostras de sêmen congelado de diferentes carneiros foram estudadas pelo CASA obtendo-se para os parâmetros VCL, VAP, VSL, ALH, BCF, LIN, STR, ELONG dados médios e individuais para cada espermatozóide e por sondas fluorescentes para a avaliação simultânea da integridade de membrana plasmática, reação acrossomal e potencial de membrana mitocondrial. Estatisticamente aplicou-se a análise exploratória de técnicas multivariadas obtendo-se três fatoriais sendo o primeiro fator F1 positivo e alto para as variáveis VAP, VSL, STR e LIN, que é interpretado com um fator relacionado à progressividade. Para o segundo fator F2, associam as variáveis VCL, ALH e MT, que representam um fator de deslocamento...
Many researches were developed to improve the ram semen criopreservation. However, no significant advances in the fertility rates with the frozen semen were observed with cervical artificial insemination. Several computer-assisted motility assessments (CASA) systems have been considered and applied in the attempt to quantify specific characteristics of the sperm motion and still them being able to determine the spermatozoa presence and subpopulations kinematics. A large number of sperm functions evaluation had been developed, making it possible to analyze different aspects of the sperm function simultaneously. Analysis of the mitochondrial function offers a way to have access the sperm motility. The aim of this study was to optimize the CASA system in the evaluation of the ram frozen semen; determine parameters of the sperm kinematics that express analogy with the characteristics of the evaluation of plasmatic, acrossomal and mitochondrial membranes (PI, FITC-PSA and JC-1; MITO; R-123) and use CASA parameters together with the fluorescent probes to group samples in a qualitative way. Twenty and six frozen semen samples of different rams were evaluated by CASA system for mean and individual sperm motion parameters VCL, VAP, VSL, ALH, BCF, LIN, STR, ELONG and for fluorescent probes leads for the simultaneous evaluation of the integrity of plasmatic, acrossomal membranes and membrane mitochondrial potential. The statistic applied was multivariate analysis getting to three different factorials. The first factor was positive and high (F1 factor) for variables VAP, VSL, STR and LIN, that were interpreted with the forward displacement. For F2 factor, there were associate variables VCL, ALH and MT that represent the displacement. The F3 factor, whose interpretation has to do with available energy, was associated with variables BCF, MITO and ELONG...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

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26

Herthnek, David. "Detection and confirmation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in clinical samples /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10210535.pdf.

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Rijsdijk, Michelle. "The role of the cumulus oophorus complex during spermatozoa capacitational events." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1341.

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Luther, Ilse. "Semen characteristics of free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) using Computer-aided sperm analysis, Electron microscopy and Genomics as diagnostic tools." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5443.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The survival of free-ranging (in situ) African elephant and Southern white rhinoceros populations are currently being challenged on a daily basis in Africa. Reproductive health is considered a vital component of species conservation. Conservation of the last mega land mammals may ultimately require intervention by breeding management or combined with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). There is a strong case for gathering baseline information, both physiological and biological, of any species, as opportunities arise. During this study a total number of 21 ejaculates collected over two seasons from 12 free-ranging African elephant bulls were characterised, as well as 10 ejaculates collected from 10 free-ranging Southern white rhinoceros bulls from two populations. Ejaculates were collected from adult bulls by means of electroejaculation under anaesthesia. Routine semen analysis was combined with Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA), Computer-aided sperm morphology analysis (CASMA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Genomics as diagnostic tools. Additionally, sperm functionality within different media was investigated and sperm subpopulation classification according to the motion pattern displayed. The results presented is based on the evaluation and classification of ≈ 45 000 individual African elephant spermatozoa and ≈ 18 000 individual Southern white rhinoceros spermatozoa. The average elephant ejaculate contained a total number of 47 x 10⁹ spermatozoa (volume of 56 ± 38mL x concentration of 818 ± 750 x 10⁶/mL) that recorded a total motility of 81 ± 29% of which 62 ± 26% were progressively motile. CASA recorded velocities for curvilinear velocity (VCL 241 ± 58μm/s), straight-line velocity (VSL 173 ± 181μm/s) and average path velocity (VAP 201 ± 54μm/s), and kinematics at straightness of track (STR 86 ± 85%), linearity of track (LIN 67 ± 16%), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH 4 ± 0.75μm) and beat cross frequency (BCF 21 ± 3Hz). Structural analysis revealed 68 ± 11% of the spermatozoa were viable (intact plasma membrane) and 77 ± 11% maintained acrosome integrity. Ejaculates contained 55 ± 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa, CASMA measured sperm head lengths at 6.83 ± 0.26μm and width 3.32 ± 0.18μm (total head area of 20.17 ± 1.96μm²) of which 38.95 ± 0.92% is covered by an acrosomal cap. The average rhinoceros ejaculate contained a total number of 1.1 x 10⁹ spermatozoa (volume of 24 ± 24mL x concentration of 83 ± 96 x 10⁶/mL) that recorded a total motility at 82 ± 8% of which 28 ± 23% were progressively motile. CASA recorded velocities for VCL (85 ± 29μm/s), VSL (44 ± 25μm/s) and VAP (69 ± 30μm/s, and kinematics at STR (63 ± 14%), LIN (51 ± 16%), ALH (2 ± 0.16μm) and BCF (16 ± 6Hz). Structural analysis revealed 73 ± 10% of the spermatozoa were viable (intact plasma membrane) and 76 ± 4% maintained acrosome integrity. Ejaculates contained 62 ± 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa, CASMA measured sperm head lengths at 5.5 ± 0.17μm and width 2.9 ± 0.19μm (total head area of 14.8 ± 1.43μm²) of which 36.3 ± 0.59% is covered by an acrosomal cap. Based on a Boolean argument and CASA data exploration it was possible to derive elephant and rhinoceros CASA cut-off criteria to sort between activated and hyperactivated motile spermatozoa. For the genomic component of this study, the CatSper1 (Loxodonta africana) gene was identified,sequenced and verified in a free-ranging (natural) African elephant population. Multivariate analysis(MVA) was applied to examine the associations between the semen and sperm parameters and the traits they accounted for in this study. Our understanding of wildlife reproductive sciences can substantially progress as the analytical techniques applied and the combination thereof is expanded. This investigation presents a new set of comprehensive semen and sperm threshold values for future investigations.

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Favareto, Ana Paula Alves. "Imunolocalização e quantificação da proteina SP22 em espermatozoides de ovinos e sua relação com outros parametros espermaticos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318039.

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Orientador: Wilma de Grava Kempinas
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Vários estudos têm demonstrado que a proteína espermática de membrana SP22 (22-28 kDa) é altamente correlacionada com a fertilidade. A localização desta proteína no segmento equatorial da cabeça espermática em várias espécies mamíferas, e a inibição de fertilização in vivo e in vitro, obtida com a incubação de espermatozóides com anticorpos anti-rSP22, sugerem sua participação na interação espermatozóide-oócito e sua importância para a capacidade reprodutiva masculina. Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a presença da proteína SP22 em espermatozóides de carneiros adultos (raças Dorper e Santa Inês), identificando sua localização; quantificar os níveis desta proteína mediante as técnicas de ELISA e imunomarcação fluorescente utilizando anticorpo anti-rSP22; e correlacionar os seus níveis com os parâmetros espermáticos de morfologia, integridade de membrana avaliada por sondas fluorescentes (diacetato de carboxifluoresceína e iodeto de propídio), e cinética obtida por sistema computadorizado (CASA). A SP22 foi especificamente localizada no segmento equatorial da cabeça e no colo do espermatozóide ovino. As técnicas de ELISA e imunomarcação fluorescente mostraram-se eficientes para a quantificação da SP22 nos espermatozóides ovinos e altamente correlacionadas (R2 = 0,70). Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05) nos níveis de SP22 obtidos por estes dois métodos entre as raças estudadas. Para o estudo da cinética espermática foi realizada análise estatística multivariada, considerando os valores individuais obtidos pelo sistema CASA (1 ejaculado por carneiro, n = 3847 espermatozóides). Através da análise de agrupamento foi possível estabelecer um número de 3 sub-populações espermáticas coexistentes no ejaculado dos carneiros. A sub-população 1 foi a mais ativa e progressiva. A subpopulação 3 teve movimento pouco progressivo e não-linear, e a sub-população 2 teve um padrão de cinética intermediário. Houve diferença significativa (qui-quadrado = 824,39; grau de liberdade = 34; P < 0,0001) na distribuição das 3 sub-populações nos carneiros. No entanto, não houve correlação significativa (P > 0,05) entre a proporção de cada sub-população nos carneiros e os níveis de SP22 avaliados por ELISA e imunomarcação fluorescente. A integridade de membrana espermática foi positivamente correlacionada (R2 = 0,48; P = 0,02) com a proporção de espermatozóides da sub população 1 e negativamente correlacionada (R2 = 0,30; P = 0,02) com a sub-população 3. Porém, este parâmetro espermático não foi correlacionado (P > 0,05) com a proporção de espermatozóides da sub-população 2. Além disso, a morfologia espermática não foi correlacionada (P > 0,05) às proporções das três sub-populações cinéticas encontradas. Os níveis de SP22 obtidos por ELISA foram negativa e positivamente correlacionados (R2 para as 3 variáveis = 0,47) com as porcentagens de espermatozóides morfologicamente anormais e de espermatozóides com membrana plasmática íntegra, respectivamente. A quantificação de SP22 por análise de imunomarcação fluorescente não foi correlacionada com nenhum dos parâmetros espermáticos avaliados. Estes resultados demonstraram que o estudo da proteína SP22 em espermatozóides ovinos pode trazer importantes informações a respeito da capacidade reprodutiva destes animais. Entretanto, para a validação desta proteína como um biomarcador de fertilidade nesta espécie são necessários estudos que correlacionem os níveis da SP22 com as taxas de fertilidade obtidas in vivo e/ou in vitro
Abstract: Several studies have shown that the SP22 sperm membrane protein (22-28 kDa) is highly correlated with fertility. The location of this protein on the equatorial segment of the sperm head in several mammallian species, and the inhibition of in vivo and in vitro fertilization, obtained by the incubation of spermatozoa with anti-rSP22 antibodies, suggest its paticipation in spermatozoon-oocyte interaction and its importance for the male reproductive capacity. Thus, the goals of the present study were to evaluate the presence of the SP22 protein on spermatozoa from adult rams (Dorper and Santa Inês breeds), identifying its location; to quantify the levels of this protein by ELISA and FITC immunostaning analysis using anti-rSP22 Ig; and to correlate its levels with sperm parameters of morphology, membrane integrity evaluated by fluorescent probes (carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide) and kinetics by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The SP22 was specifically located on the equatorial segment of the head and neck of the ram spermatozoon. The ELISA and FITC immunostaning techniques appear to be efficient for the SP22 quantification in ovine spermatozoa and were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.70). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in SP22 levels assessed by these two methods between the studied breeds. For the study of the sperm kinetics, multivariate statistical analysis was performed, considering the individual values obtained by CASA system (1 ejaculate per ram, n = 3847 spermatozoa). Through clustering analysis, it was possible to set up a number of 3 sperm subpopulations coexistent within ejaculate from rams. The subpopulation 1 was the most active and progressive. The subpopulation 3 had little progressive and non-linear movement and the subpopulation 2 had an intermediate kinetic pattern. There was significant difference (chi-square = 824.39; degrees of freedom = 34; P < 0.0001) in the distribution of the 3 subpopulations among the rams. However, there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between the proportion of each subpopulation in the rams and the SP22 levels evaluated by ELISA and FITC immunostaining analysis. The membrane integrity was positively correlated (R2 = 0.48; P = 0.02) with the proportion of spermatozoa in subpopulation 1 and it was negatively correlated (R2 = 0.30; p = 0.02) with subpopulation 3. However, this sperm parameter was not significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with proportion of spermatozoa in subpopulation 2. Moreover, sperm morphology was not significantly correlated (P > 0.05) with the proportions of the three kinematics subpopulations found within ejaculate semen. The SP22 levels obtained by ELISA were negatively and positively correlated (R2 = 0.47 for 3 variable) with percentages of spermatozoa morphologically abnormal and of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane, respectively. The SP22 quantification by FITC immunostaning analysis was no correlated with any of the sperm parameters. These results showed that study of the SP22 protein in ram spermatozoa can bring important information about the reproductive capacity of these animals. Nevertheless, studies that correlate the SP22 levels with in vivo and/or in vitro fertility rate are necessary for validation of this protein as a fertility biomarker in this species
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

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30

Maree, Liana. "Sperm mitochondria: Species specificity and relationships to sperm morphometric features and sperm function in selected mammalian species." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1728_1363788268.

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Numerous studies on mammalian spermatozoa have reported large variations in the dimensions of the main sperm structural components, namely the head, midpiece and flagellum. These variations in sperm architecture are believed to be adaptations for functioning of spermatozoa in complex environments outside the male reproductive system. The midpiece of the mammalian
permatozoon contains a varied number of mitochondria, but the reason for the marked difference in the size and structure of this sperm component is not clear. This study
confirmed the variations in the sperm morphometry of seven selected mammalian species and revealed unique features of the sperm midpiece and sperm mitochondria of these seven species. Evaluation of several sperm kinematic parameters revealed the unique swimming characteristics of the different spermatozoa. The importance of using standardized motility
parameters was highlighted as well as the assessment of different subpopulations of spermatozoa in order to produce more reliable and comparable data. Investigating the role of sperm mitochondria in human sperm
metabolism indicated that these organelles are related to sperm function in terms of sperm motility. Furthermore, it was suggested that glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration are linked processes and that both are important for the maintenance of human sperm motility. By optimizing and employing standardized experimental procedures and analysis techniques, this study was
able to confirm the species specificity of almost all the sperm parameters evaluated, while also elucidating the phylogenetic relatedness of the non-human primate species. In conclusion, the present study has confirmed that the various midpiece morphometry parameters are related to the remaining sperm morphometry parameters as well as to the sperm kinematic parameters.
These proposed associations between the various sperm parameters were used to explain the sperm velocity of two hypothetical and morphologically different sperm structures. Therefore, the results of the current study support the idea of co-evolution between sperm components in mammalian spermatozoa and propose that the midpiece morphometry parameters that are selected for in these spermatozoa are midpiece volume, total number of mitochondrial gyres, thickness of the mitochondrial sheath and mitochondrial height.

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Neumann, Giovano. "Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) em software livre empregado em análises espermáticas de peixes: cientometria e aplicação em rotina de reprodução artificial." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1939.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation is based on the development of two separate scientific papers. (1) First article it is a scientometric analysis: In 2007 was released in the scientific means by Wilson-Leedy and Ingermann, the first article using the CASA free software in sperm mobility analysis for fish, for this study, from of scientometric techniques, the contribution has been assessed and the impact that the article caused the scientific community. It also evaluated the frequency in the number of publications using andrologic analysis in fish, from 2007 to 2014 in four magazines that publish articles related to this topic. Were evaluated under articles made soundness analysis in fish using any existing CASA system, the variables used and ways to interpret the results to determine the sperm viability and correlate the sperm motion parameters with the potential fertilization. For scientometry CASA launching the contribution in free software took place in the google scholar search to get all the work that had quoted the article. For scientometry of items with fish using CASA, was conducted using the search index of ScienceDirect. And to assess the variables and the interpretations made by the authors, harvest characteristics of the materials and methods and results in the articles. It was found 123 quotes Wilson-Leedy article and Ingermann these, 94 are articles, of which 66 were performed with fish, and 35 of these conducted their research using CASA in free software, and there was an increase of 85% in citing publications the author reference. In the search for articles that use in fish soundness analysis, an increase of 59.4% from 2007 to 2014. Of the publications articles using any home system for the assessment of sperm motility in fish, 75.76% of the two work assesses or more times the spermatic movement, 51.52% use at least four of the characteristics generated by CASA, about ¼ of the work validated the CASA results with fertilization and hatching of eggs and used statistical models to group correlated variables CASA and explanations them, less than 10% of articles explores statistical modeling in sperm kinetics and to explain the characteristics generated by CASA on sperm fertility. The article by Wilson-Leedy and Ingermann contributed to the advancement of research with fish sperm, and sperm was used in the evaluation of other animals and other cells also concluded that little is known of the relationship of some sperm variables generated by CASA with fertility sperm in fish. And the researchers do not use in full the resources of the CASA system. (2) According to an article this is an experiment of artificial reproduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of the relationship or independent mobile sperm: oocyte and sperm speed on artificial reproduction procedures with the use of semen catfish (Rhamdia quelen) cryopreserved. Through the Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) were evaluated in six replicates motility and sperm velocity of cryopreserved semen from eight seconds of its activation and to each according to the end of the spermatic movement. For the fertilization test an experimental design was used in a factorial (6x3x3) consists of six mobile sperm relations: oocyte (70,000, 90,000, 110,000, 130,000, 150,000 and 170,000), three sperm speeds (60, 40 and 20μm.s-1) and three experimental replicates or blocks (pools of oocytes from three groups of female). Activation curves of sperm (kinetic) have been prepared with the help of non-linear statistical model. The effects were evaluated on the fertilization, hatching and normal larvae. In evaluating the variables, the response surface analysis showed no interaction effect (p>0.05) between the relationship moving sperm: oocyte and sperm speed, on the fertilization rates, hatching and normal larvae. Only linear effect was found (p<0.05) of sperm speed under the fertilization rates and hatching eggs. According to the results, it is concluded that there is no difference between the use of 70,000 up to 170,000 mobile sperm for each oocyte on the reproductive success in terms of fertilization rate, hatching and larval normality of catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and that the value of the sperm velocity is decisive on the reproductive success of sperm catfish (Rhamdia quelen) decreasing the fertilization and hatching rates as decreases sperm speed.
Esta dissertação baseia-se na elaboração de dois artigos científicos distintos. (1) Primeiro artigo trata-se de uma análise cientométrica: Em 2007 foi lançado no meio cientifico por Wilson-Leedy e Ingermann, o primeiro artigo utilizando o CASA em software livre em análise de mobilidade espermática para peixes, para este estudo, a partir de técnicas cientométricas, foi avaliado a contribuição e o impacto que o artigo provocou na comunidade cientifica. Também foi avaliada a frequência no número de publicações utilizando analises andrológicas em peixes, desde 2007 à 2014 em quatro revistas que publicam artigos referentes a este tema. Foram avaliados sob artigos que realizaram analise andrológica em peixes utilizando algum sistema CASA existente, as variáveis utilizadas e as formas de interpretação dos resultados para determinar a viabilidade espermática e correlacionar os parâmetros de movimento espermático com o potencial de fertilização. Para a cientometria da contribuição do lançamento do CASA em software livre foi realizada busca no google acadêmico para levantar todos os trabalhos que haviam citado o artigo. Para a cientometria dos artigos com peixes utilizando o CASA, foi realizado busca utilizando o indexador da ScienceDirect. E para avaliar as variáveis e as interpretações realizadas pelos autores, colhemos suas características dos materiais e métodos e resultados nos artigos. Encontrou-se 123 citações do artigo de Wilson-Leedy e Ingermann destes, 94 são artigos, dos quais 66 foram realizados com peixes e, 35 destes realizaram suas pesquisas utilizando o CASA em software livre, e ocorreu um aumento de 85% nas publicações citando o autor referência. Na busca de artigos que utilizam analise andrológica em peixes, ocorreu um aumento de 59,4% das publicações de 2007 à 2014. Dos artigos que utilizam qualquer sistema CASA para a avaliação da mobilidade espermática em peixes, 75,76% dos trabalhos avalia dois ou mais tempos do movimento espermático, 51,52% utiliza pelo menos quatro das características geradas pelo CASA, aproximadamente ¼ dos trabalhos validou os resultados do CASA com fertilização ou eclosão dos ovos e usou modelos estatísticos para agrupar as variáveis correlacionadas do CASA e explica-las, menos de 10% dos artigos explora modelagem estatística na cinética espermática e para explicar as características gerados pelo CASA sobre a fertilidade espermática. O artigo de Wilson-Leedy e Ingermann contribuiu para o avanço das pesquisas com espermatozoides de peixes, e foi utilizado na avaliação espermática de outros animais e outras células, também concluímos que pouco se sabe da relação de algumas variáveis espermáticas geradas pelo CASA com a fertilidade espermática em peixes. E que os pesquisadores não utilizam em sua totalidade os recursos do sistema CASA. (2) Segundo artigo trata-se de um experimento de reprodução artificial: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos interativos ou independentes da relação espermatozoides móveis:ovócito e da velocidade espermática em procedimentos de reprodução artificial com o uso do sêmen do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) criopreservado. Através do Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) foram avaliadas em seis réplicas a motilidade e a velocidade espermática do sêmen criopreservado a partir de oito segundos da sua ativação e a cada um segundo até o termino do movimento espermático. Para o ensaio de fertilização foi aplicado um delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial (6 x 3) composto de seis relações espermatozoides móveis:ovócito (70.000, 90.000, 110.000, 130.000, 150.000 e 170.000), três velocidades espermáticas (60, 40 e 20µm.s-1) e três réplicas ou blocos experimentais (pools de ovócitos provenientes de três grupos de fêmeas). As curvas de ativação dos espermatozoides (cinéticas) foram elaboradas com auxílio de modelo estatístico não linear. Os efeitos foram avaliados sobre as taxas de fertilização, eclosão e larvas normais. Na avaliação das variáveis, a análise de superfície de resposta não mostrou efeito interativo (p>0,05) entre a relação espermatozoides móveis:ovócito e as velocidades espermáticas, sobre as taxas de fertilização, de eclosão e de larvas normais. Somente foi encontrado efeito linear (p<0,05) da velocidade espermática sob as taxas de fertilização e de eclosão dos ovos. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que não há diferença alguma entre uso de 70.000 até 170.000 espermatozoides móveis para cada ovócito sobre o sucesso reprodutivo em termos de taxa de fertilização, eclosão dos ovos e normalidade larval do jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) e, que o valor da velocidade espermática é determinante sobre o sucesso reprodutivo dos espermatozoides de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) diminuindo as taxas de fertilização e eclosão conforme diminui a velocidade espermática.

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Klein, Jean-Philippe. "Évaluation de l’impact des nanoparticules et de l’aluminium sur la fonction de reproduction masculine." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET005T/document.

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Depuis quelques décennies une diminution de la qualité du sperme a été constatée dans la majorité des pays occidentaux. Si les raisons de cette diminution sont encore incomplètement comprises, des facteurs environnementaux pourraient y contribuer grandement. Parmi eux, l’exposition à certains matériaux, comme les nanomatériaux et l’aluminium, a grandement augmenté durant cette même période. Notre objectif a donc été d’évaluer l’impact de ces expositions sur la fonction de reproduction masculine. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé deux études de la biodistribution testiculaire des particules après injection par voie intramusculaire sur un modèle de souris, une étude clinique visant à évaluer la charge du plasma séminal en nanoparticules et à la corréler avec le nombre de spermatozoïdes dans l’éjaculat et une étude clinique visant à évaluer l’impact de la charge spermatique en aluminium sur les paramètres spermatiques. Les résultats de ces travaux couplés à l’analyse de la littérature nous rassurent sur la reprotoxicité masculine des nanoparticules mais montrent l’existence d’un impact potentiellement négatif de l’aluminium. Dans les deux cas, de nouvelles études devront poursuivre l’exploration de ces questions
In recent decades a decrease in sperm quality was observed in most Western countries. While the reasons for this decline are not yet fully understood, environmental factors could greatly contribute. Among them, exposure to materials such as nanomaterials and aluminium, has greatly increased during this period. Therefore, our goal was to assess these exposures impact on male reproductive function. To do so, we conducted two studies to determine testis biodistribution of particles after intramuscular injection in a mouse model. We also conducted two clinical studies, first one to assess the burden of nanoparticles in seminal plasma and to correlate it with sperm count and the second one to evaluate the impact of the aluminum load in semen on sperm parameters. The results of these works and the analysis of literature reassure us about male reproductive toxicity of nanoparticles but revealed a potentially negative impact of aluminum. In both cases, new studies will be needed to further explore these issues

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Gomes, Mariana Lourenço Mocho Fernandes. "Lifestyle impact on human sperm function." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14848.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular
Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to be an important cause of male infertility, which accounts for about half of all infertility cases. Reactive species (RS)- induced OS is detrimental to spermatozoa, leading to the damage of many biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins and DNA. Several lifestyle factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, are known to induce OS and have been studied for their negative effects on male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of acute lifestyle changes, namely alcohol and tobacco consumption, on semen quality, accessory glands function and oxidative balance of sperm cells. Furthermore, the correlation between the OS parameters analyzed and the basic semen parameters was also assessed. Male students, in reproductive age, who participated in the academic festivities, donated a semen sample at three time points: before and one week and three months after the academic festivities. Basic semen analysis was performed and, subsequently, semen samples were processed. Acessory glands function was evaluated and OS was analyzed through measurement of the total antioxidant capacity of the sperm cells and through determination of the expression of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase 4 and superoxide dismutase 1. The impact of ROS in spermatozoa was also assessed through the determination of the protein carbonyl and 3-nitrotyrosine groups. The results indicate that a decrease in semen quality, demonstrated by a decrease in progressive motility and neutral α-glucosidase concentration and an increase in tail defects, occurs due to lifestyle alterations. The total antioxidant status of sperm cells and variations in protein oxidation levels are dependent on the alcohol and tobacco consumption. Moreover, some correlations were observed between the studied parameters, which may be useful in a clinical perspective. In conclusion, the lifestyle alterations are responsible for a decrease in semen quality and by an increase in protein modifications, which may consequently lead to a decrease in fertilizing potential.
O stress oxidativo (OS) tem sido considerado uma causa importante da infertilidade masculina, que está envolvida em cerca de metade dos casos de infertilidade. O OS induzido pelas espécies reativas (RS) é prejudicial para os espermatozoides, levando a lesões em várias biomoléculas, como os lípidos, proteínas e DNA. Alterações no estilo de vida, como o consumo excessivo de álcool e tabaco, induzem o OS e têm sido extensivamente estudadas devido aos seus efeitos negativos ao nível do sistema reprodutor masculino. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto de alterações agudas no estilo de vida, nomeadamente o consumo de álcool e tabaco, na qualidade seminal, na função das glândulas acessórias e no equilibrio oxidativo dos espermatozoides. Para além disso, outro objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possível relação entre os parâmetros de OS e os parâmetros seminais analisados. Estudantes masculinos, em idade fértil, que participaram nas festividades académicas, doaram uma amostra de sémen em três períodos de tempo: antes e uma semana e três meses após as festividades académicas. A análise básica ao sémen foi realizada e, posteriormente, as amostras foram processadas. A função das glândulas acessórias foi avaliada, assim como determinada a capacidade antioxidante total das células, a expressão das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase 1 e glutationa peroxidase 4 e a presença de grupos carbonilo e 3-nitrotirosina. Os resultados indicam que uma diminuição na qualidade seminal, demostrada por um decréscimo na motilidade progressiva dos espermatozoides e na concentração de α-glucosidase neutra e um aumento nos defeitos da cauda, ocorre devido a alterações no estilo de vida. A capacidade antioxidante total das células e as variações ao nível da oxidação proteica demonstram também ser dependentes do consumo de alcool e tabaco. Foram também verificadas algumas correlações entre os parâmetros analisados que poderão ser importantes numa perspetiva clínica. Concluindo, alterações no estilo de vida são responsáveis pela diminuição da qualidade seminal e pelo aumento de modificações proteicas, o que pode levar consequentemente a um decréscimo do potencial de fertilização.

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Ferreira, Letícia Bergo Coelho. "Bioquímica do plasma seminal e efeito do edta adicionado ao meio de congelamento do sêmen de cão doméstico." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5180.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
One of the main deleterious factors inherent to the process of canine semen freezing is the large amount of sperm membranes lesions observed in the thawing. The freezing induce some destabilization of cell membrane and changes in the conformation between membrane receptors and ionic channels, promoting the calcium influx and increasing the probability of a premature acrosome reaction (AR), that invalidate the fertilizantion of the oocyte. The calcium is the principal inducing agent of the AR in vitro, and there is not recent reports about the biochemical composition of the seminal plasm and about the calcium levels that prevent the premature AR in the frozen of the domestic dog semen too. This study aimed to evaluate the alkaline phosphatase and cationic composition in seminal plasma of the fractions of dog ejaculate; and also test the effects of calcium amount reducing in freezing medium using the EDTA as a chelating agent. The semen was collected from three half-breed dogs. The sperm-rich fraction (SRF) and the prostatic fraction (PF) were separately collected. Both samples were evaluated by spectrophotometry, measuring the concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and the freezing medium. The fresh semen was evaluated by classical tests (strength, progressive motility, morphology, and membrane integrity). The remainder was divided into three aliquots that were diluted in a freezing medium based on tris-citrate-egg yolk, glycerol and equex with different concentrations of EDTA. The first treatment did not contain EDTA, treatment 2 contained 0.1% EDTA and the third, 0.25%. The most abundant cation in seminal plasma of these dogs was sodium, followed by potassium and calcium, respectively, both in SRF and in PF, without significant difference between the concentrations of these ions in both fractions. The AP obtained in SRF was significantly higher (p <0.000001) than that obtained in PF. There was a high concentration of calcium in the freezing medium based, that was significantly reduced in the treatments with EDTA. Deleterious effects were observed in all analyzed parameters in thawed semen compared with fresh semen (progressive motility, morphology, and membrane integrity). With the use of fluorescent probes, we did not note significant difference in the percentage of the plasmatic membranes e acrosomal membranes injured among the treatments with different EDTA concentrations. The extracellular medium has high calcium concentration, and despite the EDTA had significantly reduced the extracellular calcium in those treatments that it was added, there was not acrosomal membrane injury reduction in these treatments. This may have been caused because the concentration of this cation still remained high in comparision with its concentration in the original seminal plasma. We note too that the EDTA did not presented deleterious effects on the spermatozoa inside the evaluated parameters.
Um dos principais fatores deletérios, inerentes ao processo de congelamento de sêmen canino, é a grande quantidade de lesões de membranas espermáticas observada ao descongelamento. O congelamento induz a desestabilização das membranas celulares e alterações na conformação de receptores e canais iônicos, promovendo influxo de cálcio para o citosol, aumentando a chance de ocorrer prematuramente a reação acrossomal (RA), o que pode inviabilizar a fertilização do ovócito. O cálcio é reconhecido como o principal agente indutor da RA em espermatozoides de mamíferos. Não existem relatos recentes sobre meios de congelamento de sêmen de cão que contenham concentrações de cálcio preventivas à RA prematura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar quantitativamente a concentração dos cátions cálcio, sódio e potássio e da enzima fosfatase alcalina nas frações dos ejaculados de cães e também testar o efeito da redução da quantidade de cálcio no meio de congelamento utilizando o EDTA como quelante. Utilizou-se ejaculados de três cães mestiços, coletando em separado a fração rica em espermatozoides (FR) e a fração prostática (FP). Ambas foram avaliadas por espectrofotometria para aferição das concentrações dos cátions e da FA, assim como os meios de congelamento utilizados. O sêmen fresco foi avaliado por meio de testes clássicos (vigor, motilidade, hiposmótico e morfologia espermática) e o restante foi dividido em três alíquotas para diluição em meio base de congelamento tris-citrato- gema de ovo com glicerol e equex, meio básico contendo 0,1% de EDTA e meio básico contendo 0,25% de EDTA. O cátion estudado que se apresentou mais abundante no plasma seminal foi o sódio, seguido pelo potássio e o cálcio, tanto na FR quanto na FP, não havendo diferença entre as concentrações em ambas as frações (p >0,05). A FA obtida na FR foi maior que a obtida na FP (p<0,05). Observou-se elevada concentração de cálcio no meio base de congelamento, a qual foi reduzida nos tratamentos com EDTA (p<0,05). Houve efeitos deletérios em todos os parâmetros analisados no sêmen descongelado em comparação com o sêmen fresco (vigor, motilidade, integridade de membrana plasmática e morfologia). Não foi observada diferença na avaliação de lesões nas membranas plasmática e acrossomal com uso de sondas fluorescentes entre os meios com diferentes concentrações de EDTA (p>0,05). Embora o uso de EDTA tenha reduzido o cálcio extracelular, a concentração deste cátion permaneceu alta em comparação com sua concentração original no plasma seminal, fator que pode ser responsável pela não redução de lesões de membrana acrossomal nos tratamentos com EDTA. Por outro lado o EDTA não apresentou efeito deletério sobre os espermatozoides de acordo com os parâmetros avaliados.

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SILVA, Tatiana Moreira da. "Efeito do ácido fólico nos principais parâmetros do espermograma de homens subférteis." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1754.

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Research shows that oral supplementation with antioxidants can reduce the damage caused by reactive oxygen species and increase the fertilizing capacity of sperm due to improvement in semen parameters. Semen analysis was assessed according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (1999), subfertile men who received folic acid at a dose of 5 mg/day or placebo, comparing results before and after treatment. A total of 49 patients aged 23-56 years (mean 35.3 years) and diagnosis of subfertility were randomized into two groups. The treated group (n= 23) receiving folic acid and the control group (n= 26) received placebo, each for 3 months. Before the intervention, the mean sperm concentration (x106/mL) in the treated group was 25.91 and 26.08 after treatment. In the control group was: 20.85 pre-treatment and 20.04 after treatment (p= 0.92). Means of progressive motile sperm obtained from the treated and placebo groups before treatment were, respectively: 46.48% and 49.23%. After the intervention, the mean values found were 48.26% in the treated group and 49.65% in the control group (p= 0.99). The mean normal sperm morphology was 23.26% in the treated group pre-intervention, and later was 23.91%. The control group had an average of 22.3% and 24.23%, respectively (p= 0.83). Mean vitality found in the treated group was 66.73% before the treatment and 69.56% after the treatment with folic acid. In the control group was 65.77% after pre-treatment and 65.38% was not significant (p= 0.95). Numerous studies have evaluated the use of antioxidants for improving sperm quality and thus fertility. These substances are used individually or in combination, and differ in the type, the target population, dosage and duration of therapy. This study showed that folic acid at a concentration of 5 mg / day did not improve sperm parameters in subfertile men compared to the control group.
Acredita-se que a suplementação oral com antioxidantes possa reduzir os danos causados por espécies reativas de oxigênio e aumentar a capacidade de fertilização dos espermatozoides devido à melhora dos parâmetros seminais. Avaliou-se o espermograma, segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (1999), de homens subférteis que receberam ácido fólico na dosagem de 5 mg/dia ou placebo, comparando os resultados pré e pós tratamento. Um total de 49 pacientes com idade entre 23 a 56 anos (média 35,3 anos) e diagnóstico de subfertilidade foi randomizado em dois grupos. O grupo tratado (n= 23) recebeu ácido fólico e o grupo controle (n= 26) recebeu placebo, ambos durante 3 meses. Antes da intervenção, a concentração média de espermatozóides (x106/mL) no grupo tratado foi 25,91 e após o tratamento 26,08. No grupo controle foi: 20,85 pré-tratamento e 20,04 pós-tratamento (p=0,92). Quanto à motilidade, as médias de espermatozóides móveis progressivos obtidas nos grupos tratado e placebo, antes da terapêutica foram, respectivamente: 46,48% e 49,23%. Após a intervenção, as médias encontradas foram 48,26% no grupo tratado e 49,65% no grupo controle (p=0,99). A média de morfologia normal dos espermatozóides foi 23,26% no grupo tratado pré-intervenção, e posteriormente foi de 23,91%. O grupo controle apresentou média de 22,3% e 24,23%, respectivamente (p= 0,83). A média de vitalidade encontrada no grupo tratado foi de 66,73% antes do tratamento e 69,56% após o tratamento com ácido fólico. Já no grupo controle foi de 65,77% pré-tratamento e após foi de 65,38% não sendo significante (p= 0,95). Inúmeras pesquisas têm avaliado o uso de antioxidantes para melhorar a qualidade do esperma e assim, a fertilidade. Essas substâncias foram utilizadas individualmente ou em combinação, e se diferem quanto ao tipo, à população-alvo, dose e duração da terapia. Esse estudo mostrou que o ácido fólico na concentração de 5 mg/dia não melhorou os parâmetros espermáticos de homens subférteis em comparação ao grupo controle.

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Tiseo, Bruno Camargo. "Avaliação da função hormonal reprodutiva, parâmetros seminais e da fragmentação do DNA dos espermatozoides em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-27092018-101041/.

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Introdução: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença crônica autoimune com predomínio no sexo feminino e com evidente impacto em sua fertilidade. Por sua vez, em homens com LES foi observado alterações nos parâmetros seminais e nos níveis de hormônios sexuais. A análise seminal somente apresenta baixa correlação com potencial de fertilidade dos pacientes. Recentemente, a análise da integridade do DNA do espermatozoide tem mostrado melhor capacidade prognóstica para predizer a fertilidade do que os parâmetros seminais convencionais. Objetivo: Avaliar a fragmentação do DNA espermático de homens com LES sem azoospermia. Métodos: Vinte e oito pacientes homens, consecutivos, com LES (pelos critérios da ACR) e 34 controles foram avaliados conforme dados demográficos e de exposição ambiental, avaliação urológica, perfil hormonal e avaliação seminal (incluindo a fragmentação do DNA espermático). Aspectos clínicos, escores de atividade e dano cumulativo da doença e aspectos do tratamento também foram analisados. Resultados: Mediana da idade [33(20-52) vs. 36.5(25-54) anos, p=0.329] e frequência de varicocele (25% vs. 32%, p=0.183) foram similares entre o grupo de pacientes e o grupo controle. Na análise da fragmentação do DNA do espermatozoide observou-se quantidades significativamente mais altas de células classe III [44(9-88) vs. 16.5(0-80)%,p=0.001] e células classe IV [10.5(3-86) vs. 7(0-36)%,p=0.039] no grupo com LES. O índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático também foi significativamente mais alto em pacientes com LES [62(31-97) vs. 25.5(0-100)%, p < 0.001]. Parâmetros seminais convencionais (incluindo contagem espermática, motilidade e morfologia) foram similares em ambos os grupos. Dentro de grupo de pacientes com LES não foi observada correlação entre o índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático com idade, duração da doença, SLEDAI-2K e SLICC/ACR-DI ou dose cumulativa de predinisona, hidroxicloroquina, metotrexato, azatioprina, micofenolato mofetil ou ciclofosfamida intravenosa (CIC) (p > 0.05). Análises adicionais evidenciaram que motilidade espermática total foi significativamente menor no grupo que fez uso de CIC [64%(15-83) vs. 72%(57-86)%, p=0.024]. O índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático foi semelhante nos dois grupos [52.5(31-95) vs. 67.5(34-97)%, p=0.185]. Conclusões: Homens com SLE sem azoospermia apresentam maior índice de fragmentação do DNA espermático sem alteração dos parâmetros seminais ou hormonal. CIC não parece ter papel significativo nesta alteração. Estudos prospectivos futuros são necessários para determinar o impacto desta alteração na fertilidade destes pacientes
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a female predominance and have clear impact on fertility. In male SLE has been shown to alter seminal parameters and sexual hormonal levels. Recently, sperm DNA integrity analysis has shown better prognostic performance to predicting male fertility than seminal parameters. Objective: To evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation in non-azoospermic male SLE patients. Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive male SLE patients (ACR criteria) and 34 healthy controls were evaluated for demographic/exposures data, urologic evaluation, hormone profile and seminal analysis (including sperm DNA fragmentation). Clinical features, disease activity/damage scores and treatment were also assessed. Results: Median age [33(20-52) vs. 36.5(25-54) years, p=0.329] and frequency of varicocele (25% vs. 32%, p=0.183) were similar in SLE patients and healthy controls. Sperm DNA fragmentation showed significantly higher levels of cells class III [44(9-88) vs. 16.5(0-80)%, p=0.001] and cell class IV [10.5(3-86) vs. 7(0-36)%,p=0.039] in SLE. Sperm DNA fragmentation Index was also significantly higher in SLE patients [62(31-97) vs. 25.5(0-100)%, p < 0.001]. Conventional sperm parameters (including sperm count, motility and morphology) were similar in both groups. In SLE patients no correlations were observed between sperm DNA fragmentation index with age, disease duration, SLEDAI-2K and SLICC/ACR-DI scores, and cumulative dose of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC), methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil (p > 0.05). Further analysis of SLE patients treated with and without IVCYC showed that total sperm motility was significantly lower in the former group [64%(15-83) vs. 72%(57-86)%, p=0.024]. Sperm DNA fragmentation index was alike in both groups [52.5(31-95) vs. 67.5(34-97)%, p=0.185]. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that male non-azoospermic SLE patients have increased sperm DNA fragmentation without evident gonadal dysfunction. IVCYC does not seem to be a major determinant for this abnormality. Future prospective study is necessary to determine the impact of this alteration in these patients\' fertility

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Cocuzza, Marcello Antonio Signorelli. "Avaliação do impacto da varicocele clínica no volume testicular, parâmetros seminais e níveis de radicais livres de oxigênio no sêmen de homens com fertilidade comprovada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-27102011-153419/.

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Apesar da maioria dos estudos mostrarem que parâmetros seminais anormais, redução do volume testicular e elevação dos níveis de radicais livres de oxigênio (ROS) no sêmen estão associados à presença de varicocele em homens inférteis, a maioria dos homens com varicocele apresenta os parâmetros seminais normais e são capazes de estabelecer gravidez em suas esposas. Nesse sentido, a avaliação desses parâmetros ainda não foi adequadamente estudada em homens com fertilidade comprovada e que apresentam varicocele. Esse estudo teve como objetivo estudar o impacto da varicocele clínica em homens férteis avaliando o volume testicular, parâmetros tradicionais da análise seminal e níveis de radicais livres de oxigênio no sêmen. Esses parâmetros foram avaliados em 113 homens férteis sem varicocele, 43 homens férteis com varicocele e 38 pacientes inférteis com varicocele. A medida do volume testicular foi realizada utilizando-se orquidômetro de Prader. Os parâmetros seminais foram avaliados manualmente segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a morfologia avaliada conforme os critérios da OMS e estrito de Kruger. Os níveis de ROS foram mensurados em sêmen puro utilizando-se a quimioluminescência. Os pacientes inférteis com varicocele apresentaram diminuição dos parâmetros seminais, redução do volume testicular e elevação dos níveis de ROS no sêmen em comparação com os homens férteis, com ou sem varicocele. Os homens férteis com varicocele não apresentaram diferenças significativas em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados quando comparados aos homens férteis sem varicocele. No entanto, os homens férteis com varicocele grau 3 apresentaram menor concentração espermática e níveis de ROS no sêmen mais altos quando comparados àqueles com grau 1 ou 2. Além disso, o grau de varicocele nos homens férteis apresentou correlação negativa com a concentração espermática e positiva com os níveis de ROS no sêmen. A dosagem dos ROS no sêmen poderá ajudar, principalmente, na avaliação dos homens com varicocele que apresentam parâmetros seminais normais, e quando o potencial de fertilidade ainda não foi testado. A dosagem de ROS no sêmen pode representar um marcador mais sensível e específico no diagnóstico precoce da disfunção testicular, principalmente, nos homens férteis com varicocele grau 3
Although the majority of the studies showed that abnormal seminal parameters, reduced testicular volume and high levels of seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently associated with varicocele in infertile population, the majority of the men with varicocele present normal seminal parameters and are able to establish a pregnancy. In view of that, the evaluation of these semen parameters in fertile men with varicocele has not yet been well documented. The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of clinical varicocele in fertile men assessing testicular volume, routine seminal parameters and seminal ROS levels. These parameters were evaluated in 113 fertile men without varicocele, 43 fertile men with clinical varicocele and 38 infertile patients with varicocele. Testicular volume was measured with a Prader orchidometer. Seminal parameters were assessed according to World Healthy Organization (WHO) guidelines and morphology according to WHO as well as Krugers strict criteria. Measurement of seminal ROS in neat semen was performed using a chemiluminescence assay. Infertile men with varicocele presented lower semen parameters, reduced testicular volume and higher seminal ROS levels compared with fertile men with or without varicocele. Although fertile men with varicocele presented all parameters evaluated similar to fertile men without varicocele, fertile men with varicocele grade 3 presented lower sperm concentration and higher seminal ROS levels compared with fertile men with varicocele grade 1 or 2. In addition, varicocele grade infertile men presented a negative correlation with sperm concentration and a positive correlation with seminal ROS levels. Men with unknown fertility status presenting with palpable varicocele and normal seminal parameters, the presence of increased ROS levels may be indicative of an early recognition of those subjects who will experience a progressive decrease in fertility potential if left untreated, especially in those presenting with varicocele grade 3

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Gallego, Andrés Mejia. "Avaliação das características da motilidade (CASA), morfologia e funcionalidade da membrana plasmática (HOST) de espermatozóides bovinos sexados por cimetria de fluxo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-01042011-143106/.

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A pré-seleção do sexo tem grande impacto na produtividade da bovinocultura de corte e leite. A única técnica comercialmente viável para a pré-seleção do sexo, até agora, é a sexagem espermática utilizando citometria de fluxo. Atualmente palhetas de sêmen com espermatozóides sexados vêm sendo utilizadas regularmente em programas de inseminação artificial. Entretanto, ainda existem limitações referentes à taxa de gestação em condições de campo, explicadas em parte pela perda da integridade celular dos espermatozóides. O intuito deste experimento foi avaliar os efeitos da sexagem e o tempo de espera do ejaculado para a sexagem as 0, 3 e 6 hs sobre os parâmetros de motilidade pelo sistema computadorizado da motilidade espermática (CASA), funcionalidade da membrana plasmática pelo teste de resistência osmótica (HOST), morfologia dos espermatozóides pela técnica de contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC) e entre as subespécies taurinas (Bos taurus taurus) e zebuínas (Bos taurus indicus). Espermatozóides sexados apresentaram a maioria dos parâmetros de motilidade superiores aos submetidos à técnica convencional, indicando que existe uma seleção por parte do citômetro de fluxo. O tempo em que o espermatozóide bovino espera (até seis horas) para ser submetido ao processo de sexagem pela técnica de citometria de fluxo alterou a linearidade (LIN). A funcionalidade da membrana plasmática foi afetada quando o espermatozóide bovino passa pelo processo de sexagem.. A sexagem induz o aumento de defeitos menores, provavelmente por alterações da membrana plasmática da cauda dos espermatozóides. Os zebuínos são mais sensíveis às alterações da membrana plasmática da cauda em relação aos taurinos. Finalmente existem fortes indícios que espermatozóides bovinos que passam pela técnica de citometria de fluxo entrem em estado de hiperativação.
Sex selecting has a huge impact in dairy and beef production. The only way commercially viable to obtain sex selecting nowadays, is a flow citometry sex sorted sperm technique. Currently sex sorted sperm have been used regularly in Artificial Insemination programs. Meanwhile, there are limitations about non return rate in farm conditions, superficially explained as cellular loss integrity. The objective of this experiment was assessing sex sorted sperm effects and time to wait 0, 3 and 6 hours before sorting in motility parameters by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasmatic membrane functionality by hiposmotic swelling test (HOST), sperm morphology by differential interference contrast microcopy (DIC) and between taurine subspecies (Bos taurus taurus) zebuine subspecies (Bos taurus indicus). Sex sorted sperm showed best results in the most motility parameters compared with conventional sperm, suggesting a flow citometer selection. The time to wait of the sperm (untis 6 hours) to keep sorting, altered a linearity (LIN). Plasmatic membrane functionality was affected when sperm runs through flow citometer.. Sex sorted induces increase of minor defects in sperm, probably by tail membrane plasmatic alterations. Zebuin sperm are more sensitive for tail plasmatic membrane alterations compared with taurine sperm. Finally, there is strong indication that bovine sperm that runs through flow citometer sign in hiperactivation state.

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朱侃. "嶺南道地藥材巴戟天和木蝴蝶的主要活性成分分離工藝研究 Research on the separation of main active components of Morindae officinalis Radix and Oroxyli Semen / by Zhu Kan." Thesis, University of Macau, 2014. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3132011.

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Chang, Yuli 1982. "Poetic afterthought : seven pieces for orchestra." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112610.

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Poetic Afterthought is an original music composition for orchestra (2-2-2-2 / 4-2-2-1 / timp-perc / piano-harp / strings). The work comprises a cycle of seven orchestral pieces inspired by seven Chinese Classical poems. The seven orchestral pieces attempt to capture the moods and impressions of the poems while carrying hints of the original structures of the poetry as if the music speaks poetry itself.

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Ciccone, Inarí Marina Inti. "Novas perspectivas no papel da vitamina D e sua influência com a qualidade do sêmen e hormônios sexuais em homens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-20032019-163542/.

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A vitamina D é uma molécula versátil que possui ação genômica e não genômica em múltiplas reações dos seus órgãos que possuem a expressão de seu receptor (VDR), inclusive do trato reprodutivo de ambos os sexos, além dos seus clássicos efeitos no metabolismo ósseo, e na homeostase do cálcio e fosfato. Novas evidências a partir de estudos experimentais e com humanos sugerem que a vitamina D está envolvida nas funções dos órgãos reprodutivos masculinos, influenciando na espermatogênese. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência dos níveis séricos de 25(OH)D com os parâmetros de qualidade seminal em homens normozoospérmicos e com alterações nos parâmetros seminais. Nesse estudo retrospectivo, dos 508 pacientes atendidos no período de 2009 até 2017 com todas as dosagens séricas e análise seminal, selecionamos os dados de 260 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, de uma clínica médica de Andrologia da cidade de São Paulo. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo normozoospermicos (NZG; N=124) e Grupo com parâmetros Seminais Alterados (SAG; N=136). Foram considerados as dosagens séricas de 25(OH)D, e as variáveis de confusão ambientais, como uso de álcool, tabaco, sedentarismo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), e presença de varicocele. As analises seminais foram realizadas e classificadas de acordo com o manual da OMS 2010, e foram consideradas para o estudo os parâmetros de pH, volume, motilidade total e progressiva, morfologia por OMS e Kruger. Além disso, foram consideradas os exames de Cariótipo e Micro deleção no Cromossomo Y. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o SPSS versão 19.0. Correlação de Spearman, Mann-Whitney e um modelo de regressão multivariada foram aplicadas. Significância considerada foi de P <= 0.05. A distribuição das médias dos níveis séricos de 25(OH)D foi significativamente menor nos pacientes do grupo com parâmetros seminais alterados (P =0.016), e foi encontrado uma correlação positiva entre os níveis séricos de 25(OH)D e todos os parâmetros de qualidade seminal analisados, excetos de pH e volume. Foi descrita correlação forte entre 25(OH)D e motilidade total (r=0,225; P =0,001). Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo mostram que os níveis séricos de 25(OH)D possuem uma correlação positiva com os parâmetros de motilidade, concentração e morfologia do espermatozoide, de forma independente. Esses achados indicam que a adequação dos níveis de vitamina D podem ser um importante coadjuvante no tratamento da infertilidade masculina
Vitamin D is a versatile signaling molecule, that targets also male reproductive organs, in addition to the classic effects on bone, calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that it is involved in reproduction functions in both genders. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D correlation with semen quality in male with seminal parameters alteration and normozoospermic diagnosis. We selected 260 men (aged 18 to 60 y.o.) from a private andrology reference medical clinic for this observatory study. They were divided in two groups: Normal seminal parameters (NZG N=124) and Abnormal seminal parameters (SAG N=136). 25(OH) vitamin D serum concentration were collected such as lifestyle data available. Semen was analyzed according to WHO 2010 guidelines, ph, volume, motility, concentration, morphology, strict criteria and sperm functional tests were performed (ROS, CK, beads). In addition, karyotype, frequency of varicocele, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and body composition were considered. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS program version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney test and regression model were applied. Statistical significance was considered with P value < 0. 05. The 25(OH)D average distribution concentration were significant lower in Abnormal seminal parameters group (P =0.016), and all parameters had a positive correlation with 25(OH)D serum levels. The highest coefficient value was observed in the association of total motility with Vitamin D (P =0.001). Our results demonstrated that 25(OH)D levels has a positive influence on spermatogenesis and semen quality, suggesting that vitamin D replacement should highly be concerned on male fertility treatment

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Parker, Belinda L. "Seven deadly sins: Developing a situational understanding of homicide event motive." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107855/1/Belinda_Parker_Thesis.pdf.

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This project explored homicide motives through a situational lens to determine whether they differ in terms of their victim, offender, and offence characteristics. The aim was not to identify why people engage in homicidal behaviours, but instead to examine whether there are particular distinctive qualitative characteristics that distinguish and differentiate the motives from one another. In doing so, this research highlights the importance of looking beyond the general homicide statistics, disaggregating them by motive, and challenging the notion of what is often understood as the typical homicide victim, offender, and situation.

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Williams, Laura M. "Libby Larsen's Seven Ghosts: A Stylistic and Gestural Analysis." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1335442135.

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Hulme, Simon J. "A Schenkerian analysis of the seven symphonies of Jean Sibelius." Thesis, Bangor University, 2007. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-schenkerian-analysis-of-the-seven-symphonies-of-jean-sibelius(70219516-79a3-47a5-a85b-426a47fda4ee).html.

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Minch, Stacy Lynn. "Validity of Seven Syntactic Analyses Performed by the Computerized Profiling Software." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2956.pdf.

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Irvine, David Stewart. "Defective sperm function in human male infertility." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18984.

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Lichtenfels, Ana Júlia de Faria Coimbra. "Associação entre os níveis ambientais de poluição atmosférica e mudanças na razão sexual na cidade de São Paulo: uma abordagem epidemiológica e experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-29062011-095835/.

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Prévios estudos têm demonstrado alterações nas taxas normais de razão sexual. No entanto, uma associação direta entre níveis ambientais de poluição e razão sexual, não tem sido ainda claramente demonstrada. A fim de investigarmos esta associação, desenvolvemos duas abordagens: uma epidemiológica e outra experimental. O efeito da poluição sobre a população da cidade de São Paulo foi verificado através da associação entre a razão sexual e gradientes de concentração de material particulado (PM10). A fim de conferir plausibilidade biológica aos achados epidemiológicos, camundongos machos com 10 dias de vida, foram expostos em câmaras do tipo Topo Aberto, sob condições de exposição mais controladas. Uma associação negativa e significante foi observada entre razão sexual e PM10, dentro de uma faixa estreita de concentração de PM10 (31 a 61 ?g/m3). Na região menos poluída, a razão sexual foi de 51,7% (106,8) para 34.795 nascimentos registrados, enquanto que para a mais poluída, a proporção decresceu para 50,7% (102,9) para 48.023 nascimentos registrados, com uma redução de 1% no número total de nascimentos masculinos. O grupo de camundongos da linhagem Swiss, acasalados com fêmeas virgens, maduras e não expostas, produziu uma prole com alterações significativas (p<0,041) na razão sexual (0,86) quando comparado com o grupo controle (1,34). Análises morfométricas dos testículos demonstraram alterações significativas no perfil da linhagem germinativa, com reduções no número das espermátides alongadas (p<0,020) e no número total de células (p<0,032). Um decréscimo na concentração dos espermatozóides (46,95x106 /ml) também foi observado nos animais expostos à poluição quando comparado ao grupo controle (54,60x106 /ml). A partir dos nossos resultados podemos concluir que a poluição pode interferir com a distribuição do sexo nas populações expostas aos níveis ambientais de poluição.
Some studies have observed abnormal sex ratios in industrial polluted areas but a direct association between urban levels of air pollutant and sex ratio at birth has not hitherto reported. To examine whether this relationship held true, we evaluated how ambient air pollution interferes on female/male ratio in human and mice models. The effect of air pollution was addressed by determining SSR (secondary sex ratio) across pollution gradients in the city of São Paulo, using inhalable particles (PM10) as a proxy variable for overall pollution levels. To provide biological plausibility to the foregoing epidemiological observation, we designed an experimental study exposing mice in controlled chamber conditions. Results disclosed a significant negative between SSR and PM10, within a relatively narrow range of PM10 levels (31 to 61 ?g/m3). In the least polluted area the sex ratio was 51.7% (106.8) for 34,795 births recorded, and for the most polluted area the proportion decreased to 50.7 % (102.9) for 48,023 births recorded, indicating a difference of 1% in total male births. This result corresponds to a 1,180 unborn male offspring in the highest polluted areas. The group of male Swiss mice housed 10 days after birth in open top chambers exposed to air pollution, where they mate mature and non-exposed virgin female mice, produced an offspring with a 0.86 male/female ratio. The offspring of the group of mice concurrently raised in similar but filtered open top chamber was significantly (p<0.042) higher (1.34). A remarkable result was the testicular histological morphometry with a significant (p<0,020) reduction in the number of elongated spermatids and total cells (p<0,032) of exposed males. In association, a decrease in sperm concentration in the caudal portion of the epidydimus was also found in the exposed mice (46,95x106 /ml) compared to the non-exposed (54,60x106 /ml). In conclusion the findings in our study support the concept that ambient air pollution may interfere with sex distribution of exposed populations

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Camp, Kelsi. "An Interlinear Analysis of Seven Kalispel Texts From Hans Vogt." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08022007-131855/.

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This thesis is an interlinearization of seven Kalispel texts originally published in 1940 by Hans Vogt. The texts were published with sentence-by-sentence English translations but were not further analyzed by Vogt. Here, they are analyzed at the morpheme level, providing data for further research on the language and for language documentation and preservation purposes. The thesis includes an introductory section with background and methodology, the interlinearized texts, and a list of stems, affixes, and roots occurring in the texts.

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Ruoti, Scott. "Authentication Melee: A Usability Analysis of Seven Web Authentication Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4376.

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Passwords continue to dominate the authentication landscape in spite of numerous proposals to replace them. Even though usability is a key factor in replacing passwords, very few alternatives have been subjected to formal usability studies and even fewer have been analyzed using a standard metric. We report the results of four within-subjects usability studies for seven web authentication systems. These systems span federated, smartphone, paper tokens, and email-based approaches. Our results indicate that participants prefer single sign-on systems. We utilize the Systems Usability Scale (SUS) as a standard metric for empirical analysis and find that it produces reliable, replicable results. SUS proves to be an accurate measure of baseline usability and we recommend that going forward all new authentication proposals be required to meet a minimum SUS score before being accepted by the security community. Our usability studies also gather insightful information from participants' qualitative responses: we find that transparency increases usability but also leads to confusion and a lack of trust, participants prefer single sign-on but wish to augment it with site-specific low-entropy passwords, and participants are intrigued by biometrics and phone-based authentication.

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Du, Plooy Daniel Rupert. "Mediated identity construction across cultures : an analysis of reports on the Guguletu Seven." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1841.

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Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
This thesis has been written as a research project within a programme that topicalises intercultural communication in fairly broad terms. It provides an analysis of the different constructions in the media of events and people by journalists from different linguistic communities who have regular intercultural contact in the course of reporting on local newsworthy events. The communities here are different media producers, different news publishing institutions who print and circulate current news to audiences in different language communities. Illustratively, attention will go to the particular role players in the media, i.e. news producers (journalists, newspapers, publishing groups), newsmakers (people whose actions are observed and topicalised in the media) and news consumers (the audience, readership) engaged in reporting on a particular, prominently mediated event in 1986, and again in 1996. The event that is now recorded as the Guguletu Seven incident is investigated for the way in which it can highlight cultural linguistic differences in mediating the same event.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Semen analysis'

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