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Kotlarczyk, Mary P., Andrea L. Hergenroeder, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Flor de Abril Cameron, Megan E. Hamm, and Jennifer S. Brach. "Personal and Environmental Contributors to Sedentary Behavior of Older Adults in Independent and Assisted Living Facilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176415.
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Sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes and unhealthy aging. Older adults are the most sedentary age group, and decreasing sitting time represents an intervention target for improving health. Determinants of sedentary behavior have been examined in older adults living in their own homes, yet less is known about sedentary behavior of older adults in residential care facilities. The purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to sedentary behavior among residents of independent and assisted living facilities. We conducted eight focus groups with residents (n = 44) and semi-structured interviews with staff (n = 6) across four living facilities. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative, inductive approach. Three salient themes were identified. Residents and staff both viewed sedentary behavior negatively unless it was in the context of social engagement. Additionally, fear of falling was discussed as a significant contributor to sedentary behavior. Finally, residents felt the community living environment contributed to their sedentary behavior while staff did not. Our findings provide valuable insight for designing targeted interventions for older adults in residential facilities and suggest thinking beyond the individual and considering environmental influences on sedentary behavior in the residential care setting.
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Simonet, Aurélien. "Gravettians at Brassempouy (Landes, France), 30,000 BP: a semi-sedentary territorial organization?" World Archaeology 49, no. 5 (August 8, 2017): 648–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2017.1359109.
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Wubben, Martin J., Franklin E. Callahan, and Brian S. Scheffler. "Transcript analysis of parasitic females of the sedentary semi-endoparasitic nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis." Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 172, no. 1 (July 2010): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.011.
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Davis, Loren G. "Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA." North American Archaeologist 28, no. 3 (July 2007): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.28.3.b.
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By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14C yr BP. Floodplain geochronology shows channel incision and terrace formation occurred at ca. 2000 14C yr BP, caused by fluvial response to neotectonic displacement along a normal fault. The delayed appearance of pit house sites and other markers of the Winter Village Pattern in the canyon is argued to be directly related to neotectonically-induced changes in fluvial conditions after 2000 14C yr BP, which significantly improved aquatic habitats for anadromous fishes and led to the development of a predictable, productive salmon fishery.
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Onischenko, S. S., P. V. German, and A. S. Savelieva. "Horses in the Late Tagar Economy: Kosogol I Settlement Materials (Krasnoyarsk Region)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-921-931.
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The archaeological studies developed two concepts concerning the character of Tagar economy: semi-nomadic and sedentary. They are based on different approaches to burial assemblage materials, accidental findings, and general opinion on stock-raising economy in Eurasian forest-steppes and steppes. The zooarchaeological profile of Tagar settlements can resolve this argument. A high share of horse bones may mean a semi-nomadic or nomadic lifestyle, while low share of equine remains can be a sign of a sedentary economy. The research featured Tagar settlements in the forest-steppe areas of the interfluve area between the Kiya and the Chulym. The paper describes the zooarchaeological collection of the archeological site of Kоsоgol I, the largest Early Iron Age settlement in the area. The collection includes 6,634 samples, of which 687 belong to horses. The authors believe that cattle breeding was the main branch of the Tagar economy. Horses were the third most important group. However, horses were not meat animals, as bones of young horses were quite rare among the kitchen waste. The Tagars killed mature or old work horses (older than 12–13), which could not work anymore. Hunting was a secondary branch of their economy: they hunted does, as well as water and moor fowl near the settlement. The results of Kosogol I zooarchaeological assemblage study proved the theory about the sedentary cattle breeding of the early Tagar people.
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Onischenko, S. S., P. V. German, and A. S. Savelieva. "Horses in the Late Tagar Economy: Kosogol I Settlement Materials (Krasnoyarsk Region)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 921–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-921-931.
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The archaeological studies developed two concepts concerning the character of Tagar economy: semi-nomadic and sedentary. They are based on different approaches to burial assemblage materials, accidental findings, and general opinion on stock-raising economy in Eurasian forest-steppes and steppes. The zooarchaeological profile of Tagar settlements can resolve this argument. A high share of horse bones may mean a semi-nomadic or nomadic lifestyle, while low share of equine remains can be a sign of a sedentary economy. The research featured Tagar settlements in the forest-steppe areas of the interfluve area between the Kiya and the Chulym. The paper describes the zooarchaeological collection of the archeological site of Kоsоgol I, the largest Early Iron Age settlement in the area. The collection includes 6,634 samples, of which 687 belong to horses. The authors believe that cattle breeding was the main branch of the Tagar economy. Horses were the third most important group. However, horses were not meat animals, as bones of young horses were quite rare among the kitchen waste. The Tagars killed mature or old work horses (older than 12–13), which could not work anymore. Hunting was a secondary branch of their economy: they hunted does, as well as water and moor fowl near the settlement. The results of Kosogol I zooarchaeological assemblage study proved the theory about the sedentary cattle breeding of the early Tagar people.
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Webley, Lita. "The Use of Stone 'Scrapers' by Semi-Sedentary Pastoralist Groups in Namaqualand, South Africa." South African Archaeological Bulletin 45, no. 151 (June 1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3887915.
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Mayne, Richard S., Nigel D. Hart, and Neil Heron. "Exploration of sedentary behaviour among general practitioners: protocol for a mixed methods study." International Journal of Clinical Trials 8, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20210145.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Many general practitioners (GPs) are sedentary for most of their working day. Levels of sedentary behaviour may have been exacerbated by increased use of telemedicine in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as this is traditionally performed while sitting down. Excessive sedentary behaviour is associated with many adverse health outcomes and increased all-cause mortality. This study will gain quantitative data on levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs and general practice specialty trainees (GPSTs), to identify to what extent general practice is a sedentary occupation, as well as qualitative data regarding the barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary behaviour in the general practice setting.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study follows a sequential, mixed-methods model. The first stage will involve the dissemination of a questionnaire survey, where participants self-estimate their sedentary behaviour on a working day and on a non-working day. The second stage will use thigh-worn accelerometers and a sleep/work log to obtain objective data regarding sedentary behaviour among a purposive subset of participants who responded to the questionnaire. The third stage will involve semi-structured interviews with a purposive subset of accelerometer study participants, analysed with the application of a theoretical framework regarding the acceptability of healthcare interventions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper outlines a protocol for a sequential, mixed-methods study exploring sedentary behaviour among GPs and GPSTs. Findings of this study will shed light on the new ways of working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which will be relevant to clinicians working in similar primary care settings throughout the world.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04556695. Date of registration: 21<sup>st</sup> September 2020.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Kirschner, Mara, Rianne H. J. Golsteijn, Sanne M. Sijben, Amika S. Singh, Hans H. C. M. Savelberg, and Renate H. M. de Groot. "A Qualitative Study of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing ‘Sit-To-Stand’ Desks in Vocational Education and Training." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030849.
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While it has been shown that interrupting a person’s sedentary behaviour has the potential to improve cognitive, physical and mental health, a large part of time that students spend in school is sedentary. As research has shown that approximately 80% of vocational education and training (VET) students have an unhealthy sedentary lifestyle, implementing “sit-to-stand” (StS) desks could interrupt sedentary behaviour and promote healthier behaviour. Therefore, the acceptability and feasibility of using such desks in the VET setting should be investigated. Using semi-structured focus group interviews analysed via deductive content analysis, the opinions of 33 students for the following topics were assessed: (1) usage of the standing option of the desks (2) reasons for standing in class (3) experienced effect of standing behind the desk, and (4) fostering future StS desks usage. Although VET students are aware of the potential benefits of using StS desks, they need to be actively stimulated and motivated by teachers to use them. In addition, time is needed to get into the habit of standing. Thus, for successful implementation of StS desks in the VET setting, all stakeholders (i.e., students, teachers, schoolboards) should be actively involved in stimulating the healthy behaviour of VET students.
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Renouf, M. A. P. "Excavations at a Younger Stone Age settlement in Varangerfjord, Norway." Polar Record 23, no. 144 (September 1986): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400007105.
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ABSTRACTIn 1978 the Younger Stone Age (6500–1800 BP) site of Nyelv Nedre Vest in Varangerfjord, northeastern Norway, was partly excavated before road widening, allowing reassessment of Younger Stone Age settlement patterns in die area. Early settlement in Varanger was formerly thought to involve regular seasonal movements between sites. Analysis of faunal refuse from Nyelv Nedre Vest now indicates year- round occupation, and re-examination of data from other inner fjord sites suggests diat they too might have housed sedentary or semi- sedentary populations. Special-purpose satellite' camps seem also to have been associated with these settlements. This settlement pattern has implications for other aspects of the social group, and the results of the analysis are relevant to other settlement studies in northern maritime regions.
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Showmaker, Kurt C., William S. Sanders, Sebastian Eves-van den Akker, Brigitte E. Martin, Roy N. Platt, John V. Stokes, Chuan-Yu Hsu, Benjamin D. Bartlett, Daniel G. Peterson, and Martin J. Wubben. "A genomic resource for the sedentary semi-endoparasitic reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira." Journal of Nematology 51 (2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-013.
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Muwanga, S., R. Onwonga, S. O. Keya, and E. Komutunga. "Sedentary Agriculture and Its Implications on Soil Quality in Agro-pastoral Semi-arid Karamoja, Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p148.
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Uganda Government embarked on promoting sedentary agriculture in Karamoja agro-pastoral semi-arid livelihood zone, which experience rapid environmental and high soil quality (SQ) decline. However, studies on sedentary agriculture’s impact on soil quality using farmer’s knowledge is limited. Consequently, a survey was carried out in Karamoja (Iriiri, Matany Sub-counties of Napak of districts and Rengen sub-county of Kotido) to determine the soil quality indicator parameters based on the farmers knowledge in order to build a local soil knowledge data base to better inform sustainable land use strategies. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, forty indigenous farmers per sub-county, were interviewed between August and September, 2015. The study took into account the social demographic characteristics of the people, farming enterprises, methods of crops production, crops yields trends, causes of the perceived yields trends and soil quality indicators. Prospects of developing Karamoja indigenous knowledge data base lies in visible feature that predict soil quality. Farmers used 36 parameters to determine SQ. The parameters were clustered into five categories; soil, crop, biological, environmental and management each category contributing to 42, 19,14,8 and 17% of the total indicators, respectively. The relationship between age group and the perceived indicators of soil fertility was statistically significant (p-value = 0.045) with the majority stating that they use either soil colour, soil depth or soil texture to express the fertility of soil. The farmer’s soil quality indicators assessed in this study, is important in establishing indigenous-scientific hybrid knowledge data base to enhance soil fertility maintenance and better inform policy makers and other stakeholders on development of sustainable land use strategies.
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Kawajiri, Maiko, Yasuka Nakamura, Mikako Yoshida, Yoko Takeishi, Ai Masaki, Yuki Iwasaki, Satomi Sato, Yuri Kodera, Kazumi Chiba, and Toyoko Yoshizawa. "Acceptability and Feasibility of a Sedentary Behavior Reduction Program during Pregnancy: A Semi-Experimental Study." Healthcare 8, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040439.
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Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy is associated with maternal benefits. Therefore, innovative strategies that promote PA are needed. This study investigated the acceptability and feasibility of a sedentary behavior (SB) reduction program during pregnancy. The study employed a semi-experimental research design using historical control subjects. The intervention group program consisted of individual face-to-face guidance, automatic alerts during SB from wearable devices, and self-monitoring of SB patterns, from 20 gestation weeks to delivery. PA and SB, assessed using a wearable device, were compared with those of the control group at 24–27 (T1) and 32–35 (T2) weeks of gestation. In 56 women, the mean wearing time was 90.2 days in the intervention phase. The response rate to automatic SB alerts was 55.5% at T1 and 63.0% at T2. Self-monitoring more than twice or thrice a week was 77.8% at T1 and 59.3% at T2. There was no significant difference in the cumulative SB time at T2 between the two groups (F = 2.31, p = 0.132). This program appears to be acceptable and feasible for pregnant women; however, SB reduction effect of the intervention remains unclear. Improvements to increase the response rate to automatic SB alerts and the frequency of self-monitoring are needed.
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S., Vinothkumar, K. Caroline Priya, M. Vijayakumar, and Manivannan T. "Effectiveness of using staircase as a lifestyle modification among sedentary workers of a municipal corporation in improving fitness level- an interventional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211226.
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Background: Sedentary lifestyle is one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases which is the leading cause of death globally. Workplace initiatives like promotion of staircase use are one among many simple measures to overcome the harmful effect of a sedentary workplace. Hence this study was conducted to assess effectiveness of ‘using staircase’ as a lifestyle modification among sedentary workers of a municipal corporation in improving fitness level.Methods: An interventional study was conducted over a period of 8 weeks among workers of a municipal corporation office. A semi structured questionnaire including socio demographic and morbidity details was administered. sitting-rising test (SRT) was administered before and after 8 weeks staircase use intervention to assess fitness levels among study participants.Results: The mean SRT score of 172 study population at baseline was 8.79 and 115 (67%) recorded above it. 3.5-5. Younger age was associated with higher SRT score and those with history of smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and higher BMI had lower SRT scores than their counterparts. Mean value of SRT significantly improved to 9.015 following intervention.Conclusions: Fitness level assessed using SRT score among office staff showed that people with higher age and higher BMI have low SRT score than their counterparts. This study has shown that staircase usage can be prescribed as effective method to improve fitness level at sedentary workplace.
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Voss, M. Lauren, J. Paige Pope, and Jennifer L. Copeland. "Reducing Sedentary Time among Older Adults in Assisted Living: Perceptions, Barriers, and Motivators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030717.
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Older adults accumulate more sedentary time (ST) than any other age group, especially those in assisted living residences (ALRs). Reducing prolonged ST could help maintain function among older adults. However, to develop effective intervention strategies, it is important to understand the factors that influence sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of ST as well as barriers and motivators to reducing ST among older adults in assisted living, in the context of the Social Ecological Model (SEM). Using a qualitative description approach, we sought to learn about participants’ perceptions of sedentary time in their daily lives. Semi-structured focus groups were held at six ALRs with 31 participants (84% women, 83.5 ± 6.5 years). Data were transcribed and coded using an inductive thematic approach. Themes were categorized based on four levels of the SEM: individual, social, physical environment, and organization. Many reported barriers were at the individual level (e.g., lack of motivation, pain, fatigue) while others were associated with the organization or social environment (e.g., safety concerns, lack of activities outside of business hours, and social norms). These findings suggest that there are unique challenges and opportunities to consider when designing ST interventions for assisted living.
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Van Cauwenberg, Jelle, Liesbeth De Donder, Peter Clarys, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Neville Owen, Sarah Dury, Nico De Witte, Tine Buffel, Dominique Verté, and Benedicte Deforche. "Relationships of Individual, Social, and Physical Environmental Factors With Older Adults’ Television Viewing Time." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 22, no. 4 (October 2014): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2013-0015.
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Sedentary behaviors (involving prolonged sitting) can be associated detrimentally with health outcomes. Older adults, the most sedentary age group, are especially at risk due to their high levels of television viewing time. This study examined individual, social, and physical environmental correlates of older adults’ television viewing. Data on daily television viewing time, plus individual, social, and physical environmental factors were collected from 50,986 noninstitutionalized older adults (≥ 65 years) in Flanders (Belgium). The results showed significant relationships between television viewing time and individual, social, and physical environmental factors. Subgroups at risk for high levels of television viewing were those who were functionally limited, less educated, widowed, and (semi)urban-dwelling older adults. Our findings illustrate a cross-sectional link between older adults’ television viewing time and social composition of their neighborhood, formal participation, access to alternative activities, and safety from crime.
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Shvarts, Shifra, Jefrey Borkan, Mohamad Morad, and Michael Sherf. "The Government of Israel and the Health Care of the Negev Bedouin under Military Government, 1948–1966." Medical History 47, no. 1 (January 2003): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300000077.
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Bedouin Arabs in Israel are a Muslim society undergoing dramatic social change. The Bedouin have lived in the Negev desert since the sixth century, having migrated there from the Arabian Peninsula. In the course of the last five decades this traditionally nomadic/semi-nomadic population has undergone rapid modernization and urbanization, and today approximately 120,000 Bedouin Arabs live in the Negev. Traditionally herders and farmers, only about 5 per cent of the Negev Bedouin are still semi-nomadic tent dwellers. Most families are sedentary, living in sub-tribal groups in shacks and houses. The Negev Bedouin population has the lowest socio-economic rating of all localities and social groups in Israeli society.
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Omotayo, Akinwumi, Olga Bolden-Tiller, and Chukuemeka Okere. "15 Climate Change and the Evolving Fulani Pastoralists Cattle Production System in Nigeria: A Need to Retool Extension and Innovation Services." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.017.
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Abstract The Fulani pastoralists of Nigeria, as in other parts of West Africa, are traditionally semi- sedentary or nomadic herders, and are often described as the largest nomadic group in the world. The combined effects of climate change and instability due to terrorist activities have led to massive displacement of many Nigerian Fulani households to Southwestern Nigeria in search of refuge, pasture and water for their cattle. The objective of this project was to examine the current Fulani cattle production system. In addition to obtaining data via focus groups and direct observation, a survey was administered to members of 600 Fulani pastoralist households to determine cattle production techniques and herding strategies adopted. The observation period occurred over a 24 month period in three Southwestern Nigeria states (Ogun, Kwara and Oyo). Herding activities were mapped by using hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) to obtain the coordinates of grazing routes and settlements. The results showed that the Fulani operate a system of male social contract and kinship networks in labor utilization and movement of herds. Among semi-sedentary and sedentary groups, the grazing orbit was usually within 5km to 10km radius of the settlement, depending on the season. Of the households observed, very few had access to tap or treated water (0.9% in Oyo, 1.4% in Ogun and 0.2% in Kwara). In Ogun, rivers and streams provided water for the largest number of households, while in Kwara, hand-dug wells were the largest providers. In Oyo, streams and rivers provided water for a large percentage of the Fulani households. In addition to a lack of basic water infrastructure, the results further revealed low productivity of cattle due to poor management and the utilization of cattle breeds with low genetic potential. It is recommended that micro-ranches, enhanced by extension services that provide training on cattle management, be implemented for this population.
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Lipschultz, Joshua G. "Who Were the Natufians? A Dental Assessment of their Biological Coherency." Dental Anthropology Journal 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v11i3.209.
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The Natufians were complex, semi-sedentary hunter-gatherers who intensively exploited wild plant resources in the southern Levant 12,800 to 10,200 BP. They represent the human culturo-behavioral transition from simple, mobile hunter-gatherers to fully sedentary agriculturalisits. The Natufians have been the subject of much archaeological and biological study because of their pivotal postion in human prehistory. Previous studies of Natufian population biology, which mployed osteometrics, craniometrics, and odontometrics, qualitatively supported the following archaeologically-defined hypothesis. Every human skeletal sample found at each Natufian site belonged to a biologically coherent populations. The present study tests the hypothesis of Natufian biological coherency by analyzing their dental morphology. The data were collected from nearly all available Natufian dental material, using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. The results of the multivariate Mean Measure of Divergence statistical analysis support the biological coherency of the Natufian population.
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Amanolahi, Sekandar. "Traditional Economy of the Herder-Horticulturists of South Iran." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 1 (2010): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419189261.
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AbstractThe traditional ecological adaptation of the herder-horticulturists of South Iran represents a distinct pattern of subsistence and a different type of adaptation. Being neither pastoral nomads nor sedentary agriculturists, their economy is maintained by a combination of herding (mainly goats) and cultivation of semi-wild orchards and rose bushes on the high altitudes, without the use of irrigation. This study is predominantly based on the field-work materials recorded during several years in the late 1980s.
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Yusuf, M., A. Jagatia, Z. Mahmood, E. McCabe, G.-J. de Bruijn, L. Smith, and B. Gardner. "How do office workers respond to media coverage of sitting?" Occupational Medicine 69, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqz084.
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Abstract Background Sitting time is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes, and premature mortality. Office workers sit for prolonged periods, so are at particular risk. Scientific advances in public health threats are predominantly communicated to the public through media reports. Aims This study aimed to examine office workers’ impromptu responses to media coverage of scientific evidence related to the health risks of sedentary behaviour. Methods Semi-structured interviews were run with 26 office workers (mean age 35 years), recruited from four organizations in southern England. Within the interview, each participant provided a ‘think-aloud’ narrative as they read three real-world news reports relating to sedentary behaviour. Thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts. Results Three themes were extracted from the data: gauging the personal relevance of the news reports; questioning their trustworthiness and challenging the feasibility of proposed sitting-reduction strategies. Participants voiced scepticism about the applicability of the reports to their personal circumstances, and the validity of the reports and the scientific evidence underpinning them. Conclusions Researchers, press officers and journalists should emphasise the ways in which participants in research studies represent the broader population of office workers, and offer greater transparency in reporting study methods, when reporting scientific advances in sedentary behaviour.
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Freier, Korbinian, Manfred Finckh, and Uwe Schneider. "Adaptation to New Climate by an Old Strategy? Modeling Sedentary and Mobile Pastoralism in Semi-Arid Morocco." Land 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 917–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land3030917.
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Al-Khaza'leh, J., A. Abdelqader, M. Abuajamieh, and F. M. F. Hayajneh. "Assessment of water source availability and quality for small ruminant consumption in the Northern Badia region of Jordan." June-2020 13, no. 6 (2020): 1073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1073-1082.
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Background and Aim: Water is the most important nutrient for the production of healthy livestock. Water scarcity bottlenecks livestock production in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly during the dry season. This study aimed to assess water availability and quality for small ruminants, and to identify major challenges of meeting their water requirements in two major small ruminant production systems in Jordan. Materials and Methods: Transhumant and sedentary production systems in the Northern Badia region of Jordan were the focus of this study. A questionnaire was distributed to 120 sheep and goat farmers (62 transhumant farmers and 58 sedentary farmers) and a water quality assessment was completed. Results: Results showed that the two production systems varied their water source use seasonally. Water provision was perceived as one of the major constraints for Bedouins, particularly during the dry season in transhumant production systems, when longer distances to water sources and the high costs of fetching water daily aggravated the problem. The mean distance and travel times to the boreholes were less in the sedentary system. Watering frequency was significantly lower in the transhumant system compared to the sedentary system (p<0.05). Although the values of water quality parameters complied with guidelines for livestock consumption, low water quality was the main concern expressed by some of the survey households. Conclusion: Technical support to properly design, manage, and rehabilitate surface water harvesting systems is required for the sustainable use of water resources in the study region. Moreover, systematic water quality monitoring is necessary to ensure its suitability for livestock use. Further investigations on the microbiological quality of water and its effect on the health and performance of livestock are recommended.
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Rosenberg, Danny. "Not ‘Just Another Brick in the Wall?’ The Symbolism of Groundstone Tools in Natufian and Early Neolithic Southern Levantine Constructions." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23, no. 2 (April 22, 2013): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431300022x.
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A phenomenon noted in early sedentary and semi-sedentary settlements in the southern Levant is the use of groundstone tools as ‘building material’ incorporated into structure walls. It is argued in this article that these artefacts should not be perceived merely as construction material, but rather they should be seen as having a symbolic purpose owing to the social and economic significance that groundstone tools acquired during the transition to agriculture and the growing importance of food processing. This assumed symbolic purpose may also originate from ritual contexts in which these artefacts processed foodstuffs and other substances, thereby becoming ‘positive’ symbols of prosperity and success. Such symbolic content may result from their economic significance interlaced with their association with specific persona and familial and personal heritage. It is suggested that the qualities of the tools lent an element of potency to these artefacts and probably led to their inclusion in structure walls. The linkage between persona, space and positive potency may have granted status or protection to the structures and also may have assisted in marking ownership of the property.
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Beuttner, Antonia, and Claudia Koch. "Analysis of diet composition and morphological characters of the Peruvian lizard Microlophus stolzmanni (Squamata: Tropiduridae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 18, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p47-62.
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Analysis of diet composition and morphological characters of the Peruvian lizard Microlophus stolzmanni (Squamata: Tropiduridae). Microlophus stolzmanni is a diurnal lizard that is endemic to the dry forest of northern Peru. Little is known about the ecology of the species and the composition of its diet never has been studied. The stomach contents and morphological features related to feeding behavior are analyzed herein. Microlophus stolzmanni is a semi-herbivorous food generalist that also consumes animal items. All age groups prefer sedentary prey for which M. stolzmanni forages actively. As the lizard matures, plant material becomes a more important part of the diet.
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Greenwood-Hickman, Mikael Anne, Jacklyn Dahlquist, Julie Cooper, and Dori Rosenberg. "Impact of the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic on Older Adults’ Perceived Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3474.
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Abstract Starting in March 2019, stay-at-home orders meant to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have limited movement, activities, and services in Washington State. For older adults, who are the most sedentary age group, we hypothesized that these public health measures encouraged increased sedentary behavior (SB) and reduced physical activity (PA) levels. To explore this, we conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with a sub-sample of participants in an ongoing sedentary behavior reduction intervention. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and an iterative coding process was used to extract key themes related SB changes, PA changes, and other impacts of COVID-19 social distancing measures. Most participants reported an increase in SB due to limitations on leaving their home, canceled activities, increased free time in which to pursue indoor hobbies traditionally done in a seated posture (reading, sewing, tv, etc.), and feelings of depression or lack of motivation. Some participants suggested that these restrictions also led to a decrease in their PA and exercise levels due to cancelled fitness classes, loss of social support around exercise routines, and fear of leaving the house. However, other participants reported that the social distancing measures have allowed them to increase their PA levels, giving them more time to walk outdoors or pursue active outdoor hobbies like tennis, gardening, or home improvement tasks. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing measures have had varying impacts on participant perceived SB and PA levels. It is unclear how these changes will be maintained when pandemic restrictions are lifted.
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Ayadi, Tasnim, Slaheddine Selmi, Abdessalem Hammouda, Sandra Reis, Thierry Boulinier, and Claire Loiseau. "Diversity, prevalence and host specificity of avian parasites in southern Tunisian oases." Parasitology 145, no. 7 (November 23, 2017): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017002141.
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AbstractOases are semi-natural woodlots surrounded by an inhospitable desert environment. This insular-like habitat system is known to support a mixture of sedentary and migratory bird species originating from different areas. However, little is known about the interactions between these birds and parasites. In this study, we investigated the diversity, prevalence and host specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites in southern Tunisian oases in two sedentary and common bird species, the laughing doveSpilopelia senegalensisand hybrid sparrowPasser domesticus × hispaniolensis, in six sites that differ regarding vegetation structure and distance to the coast. Two newHaemoproteuslineages, related to otherHaemoproteustransmitted by biting midges, were detected in doves. With regard to sparrows, all detected parasites have previously been reported in other sparrow populations, except for one newHaemoproteuslineage. Our results also showed that densely vegetated sites were characterized by the higher prevalence ofPlasmodiumbut a lower prevalence ofHaemoproteuscompared with less-vegetated sites. This is the first study aiming to explore avian parasites in the oasis habitat. Gathering data on a larger sample of oases with different sizes and isolation levels will be the next step to better understand factors shaping the transmission dynamics of avian parasites in such ecosystems.
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Siddo, S., N. Moula, I. Hamadou, M. Issa, H. Marichatou, P. Leroy, and N. Antoine-Moussiaux. "Breeding criteria and willingness to pay for improved Azawak zebu sires in Niger." Archives Animal Breeding 58, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-251-2015.
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Abstract. In Niger, the growth in local demand for milk and meat makes it necessary to consider genetic improvement of the indigenous cattle. At the Toukounous breeding station, the Azawak zebu has undergone over 50 years of line breeding for milk and meat production traits. To understand the adoption potential of improved Azawak sires in Niger, this study proposes to estimate the values that cattle keepers ascribe to different breeding criteria. In a first participatory stage, the breeding criteria used by cattle keepers were first listed and their relative importance was semi-quantified in three different production zones: pastoral, rural sedentary and peri-urban sedentary. The willingness to pay (WTP) for chosen breeding criteria have then been estimated through stated preference methods with 150 breeders. From participatory surveys, the most important attributes in sire choice were reproductive performance, feeding requirements and docility. The criteria considered for conjoint analysis (CA) were feeding requirements, docility, meat or dairy type, reproductive performance, coat color and tail length. The WTP was EUR 149 for low feed requirements, EUR 139 for docility and EUR 132 for a long tail. The meat and dairy type of the sire were less important in the decision-making.
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Adamou, Evangelia. "Bilingual speech and language ecology in Greek Thrace: Romani and Pomak in contact with Turkish." Language in Society 39, no. 2 (April 2010): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000035.
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AbstractThis article examines the influence of language ecology on bilingual speech. It is based on first-hand data from two previously undocumented varieties of Romani and Pomak in contact with Turkish in Greek Thrace; in both cases Turkish is an important language for the community's identity. This analysis shows how the Romani-Turkish “fused lect” was produced by intensive and extensive bilingualism through colloquial contact with the trade language, Turkish. In addition, it shows how semi-sedentary Pomak speakers had limited, institutional contact with Turkish, resulting in more traditional codeswitching and emblematic lexical borrowings. (Language contact, bilingual speech, fused lect, language ecology, Pomak, Romani, Turkish, Greece)*
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Коряков, Юрий Борисович. "MAPPING SPECIFICS OF LANGUAGES OF NOMADIC PEOPLES IN CIRCUMPOLAR AREAS OF EURASIA." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 2(28) (September 18, 2020): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-2-30-45.
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В работе рассматриваются основные трудности, возникающие при картографировании кочевых народов и их языков, по сравнению с картографированием оседлых народов и языков. Показана история картографии народов и языков Севера в XIX–XX вв. Затем рассматриваются существующие источники для современных карт. Наконец, предлагается целый ряд визуальных решений, позволяющих достаточно адекватно и в то же время наглядно отобразить на картах не только кочевые и полукочевые этнические группы, но их языки. Эти решения иллюстрируются картами. This study concerns with the main difficulties connected to the mapping of the nomadic peoples and their languages compared to the mapping of the sedentary peoples and languages. Among those difficulties are huge areas with no clear borders between them, very low population density, high personal, family and seasonal mobility, overlapping of winter pastures of one ethnic groups with summer pastures of another groups, transition of migration routes might through other group area, extensive multilingualism and lack of data. Quite surprisingly for an outside observer, the most part of Eurasian Circumpolar area were inhabited until recently by nomadic or semi-nomadic groups. Several types of life-styles are defined in the article: full (whole-family) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer, partial (male only) nomadic pastoralism with herds of domestic reindeer; (nomadic) hunting and gathering (sometimes together with occasional nomadic pastoralism). During Soviet period many of nomadic ethnic groups switched to mostly sedentary style of life. In the article, the history of cartography of peoples and languages of Russian North in 19th –20th centuries is shown. Then the existing sources for modern maps are discussed. Finally, a several ways of visualisation are proposed which let us show adequately not only nomadic and semi-nomadic ethnic groups but also their languages. Those ways are illustrated with maps.
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Nuutinen, Visa, Kevin R. Butt, Jari Hyväluoma, Elise Ketoja, and Juha Mikola. "Soil faunal and structural responses to the settlement of a semi-sedentary earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in an arable clay field." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 115 (December 2017): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.09.001.
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Balhareth, Abdulaziz, Mohammed Jafer, Ester van der Borgh-Sleddens, Stef Kremers, and Ree Meertens. "Determinants of Weight-Related Behaviors in Male Saudi University Students: A Qualitative Approach Using Focus Group Discussions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073697.
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Obesity is a serious public health concern in the Gulf States. Students are exposed to many unhealthy weight-related behaviors due to college life. However, research that gives insight into regional and culture-specific aspects and determinants of weight-related behaviors in students is lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential determinants of weight change, eating behaviors, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep behaviors in Saudi university students. Five semi-structured focus group discussions guided by Social Cognitive Theory were conducted, consisting of 33 male university students 20 to 22 years old. The data were transcribed, coded, and organized according to themes. The students reported weight gain due to personal, social, and environmental factors related to university lifestyle, such as unhealthy eating behaviors, low physical activity, high sedentary behaviors, and inadequate sleep. Both eating behaviors and physical activity shared similar personal aspects found in other studies, such as knowledge, stress, lack of time, and lack of motivation. However, there were some unique social and environmental factors in the region, such as the social norms, cultural aspects, weather conditions, passive transport dependency, and khat consumption, compared with studies worldwide. Such differences are key factors to developing effective interventions in the future.
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Castillo, P., N. Vovlas, A. I. Nico, and R. M. Jiménez-Díaz. "Infection of Olive Trees by Heterodera mediterranea in Orchards in Southern Spain." Plant Disease 83, no. 8 (August 1999): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.710.
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High infection rates of olive feeder roots and soil infestation by the cyst-forming nematode Heterodera mediterranea were found in commercial olive orchards cv. Manzanilla established in sandy soils at two localities of Sevilla Province of Andalucía, southern Spain. No disease symptoms were noted on the aboveground plant parts, but slightly distorted feeder roots and necrotic areas were observed near the infection points. Sedentary juvenile stages and adult females showed a semi-endoparasitic feeding habit. Histopathological studies of infected olive roots showed a disease response typical of cyst nematode infection of susceptible hosts. Nematode feeding induced syncytial formation involving cellular alterations in the cortex, endoder-mis, pericycle, and vascular parenchyma tissues in both cortical and endodermal root cells.
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Mjærum, Axel. "Hinterland discoveries: Middle Mesolithic woodland utilization and the case of the site Eidsberg, eastern Norway." Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2018.11.
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Research on the Middle Mesolithic (c. 8300−6350 cal. BC) of Scandinavia north of the Skagerrak Strait has mainly been based on data from the thousands of settlements found along the former sea, lake, and river shores. Far fewer sites have been located or investigated further away from the former waters.
The excavation of three Middle Mesolithic pit houses at Eidsberg in eastern Norway has therefore provided an unprecedented opportunity to gain detailed knowledge of Mesolithic activities in the hitherto under-explored forested inland. In this article, the newly discovered site and a range of other data are discussed in an ethnographical framework to understand the utilization of this hinterland as part of a semi-sedentary lifestyle.
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Xie, Hui, Linda L. Caldwell, and Steven Loy. "Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s leisure time physical activity." Health Education Journal 79, no. 5 (December 24, 2019): 543–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919894600.
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Background: Latino grandparents are often involved in the care and rearing of grandchildren and may help parents in promoting children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA). However, potential disagreements between grandparents and parents may undermine their collaboration and subsequently their support for children’s LTPA. Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s (age 2–12) LTPA. Methods: Qualitative data were collected from 53 Latino grandparents in Los Angeles County, USA, using four semi-structured focus groups and 26 semi-structured interviews. Transcribed data were systematically and iteratively coded and analysed. Results: Many Latino grandparents disagreed with parents’ sedentary lifestyle, permissive parenting and lack of support for children’s LTPA. In addition, Latino grandparents described disagreement with parents in specific issues such as children’s LTPA options and safety during LTPA. Conclusion: There were disagreements between Latino grandparents and parents concerning children’s LTPA. Health researchers and practitioners should be aware of those disagreements and consider using education/intervention programmes to reduce the tension between Latino grandparents and parents and increase their collaborative support for children’s LTPA.
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Gul, Riaz, and Sumaira Naz. "Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Diseases in Different Age Groups Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.1-2.64.
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Objectives:To determine different risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases in different age group patients of tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methodology:A cross sectional study conducted on 350 patients of different age groups presented with ischemic heart diseases in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study was conducted for duration of 3 months from December 2013 to February 2014. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using standard sample size calculator. Semi structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Patient’s record and investigations were used as adding tools. Standard definition was made for ischemic heart disease. Different modifiable and non-modifiable factors were assessed and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:This study contains 350 patients in which female patients were 133(38%) and male were 217(62%).The mean age was 57.23±11.36 years. The age of the patients ranges from 22 to 80 years. The frequencies of risk factors were stress (73.1%) followed by hypertension (65.7%), sedentary life style (59.4%), family history (57.1%), smoking (50.6%), over weight and obese (39.1%), below normal HDL (30.3%), high LDL (29.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (28%), hypercholesterolemia (23.7%). 64.3% patients were presenting with acute IHD and 35.7% were with chronic IHD. Stress, HTN, DM and sedentary life style were found to be significantly associated with male gender (p- value <0.05). Age was divided into two groups, <45 years and >45 years. Stress, HTN, DM and hypercholesterolemia had a significant association with >45 years of age group. (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Stress, HTN, DM, sedentary life styles were the major risk factors. And they were found to be more in male gender and in equal to more than 45 years of age group.
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Webster, Katelyn, and Janet Larson. "Developing an Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behavior: Assisted Living Resident Feedback." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1227.
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Abstract Older adults in assisted living (AL) tend to be highly sedentary, which increases their risk of functional decline and frailty. Reducing sedentary behavior (SB) and replacing it with light physical activity (LPA) could have important implications for maintenance of functional abilities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gather feedback from AL residents on a proposed exercise-specific self-efficacy enhancing intervention designed to promote LPA and reduce SB. We conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews at four AL facilities with 20 residents ages 65-99 (mean age 83.1; 60% women). They were presented with the proposed intervention and were asked questions to inform the development and modification of the intervention. Data were analyzed with a thematic analysis approach. Specific recommendations included short intervention sessions of one hour and scheduled in the morning. Many residents thought a 16 week intervention was too long. We identified broader themes, including concerns about how the intervention would work for residents with a wide range of abilities and concerns about safety. They suggested that exercises will need to be highly modifiable. Most residents recommended framing the intervention message as increasing LPA rather than decreasing SB, because it would be more positive. All except one said they would want to participate in the intervention, but they were unsure how many other residents would want to be more active. The resident feedback and suggestions will guide development of the intervention and are important for increasing the probability that a future feasibility and acceptability trial of the intervention will be successful.
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Vanacker, Wouter. "Ties of Resistance and Cooperation. Aedemon, Lusius Quietus and the Baquates." Mnemosyne 66, no. 4-5 (2013): 708–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852512x617588.
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Abstract Gaius’ decision to dissolve the protectorate of Mauretania and to depose its client king, Ptolemaeus, led to the outbreak of the Revolt of Aedemon (AD 40). This paper will develop a number of innovative thoughts and hypotheses concerning the extent of this rebellion and its possible impact on the deposition of Ptolemaeus, as well as the role of the Romans in its suppression. The main aim is to explore the connection between this revolt, Trajanus’ famous general Lusius Quietus (cos. AD 117?), and the Baquates, an indigenous Mauretanian tribe. I will suggest that Lusius Quietus was descended from a chief of a (semi-)nomadic tribe who supported the Roman cause during the Revolt of Aedemon. Considering the setting and dimension of this revolt, as well as the unrest in Mauretania at the time of Lusius Quietus’ execution by Hadrianus, I argue that this tribe can be identified as the Baquates. This reconstruction suggests a long-lasting and particularly positive relationship between this tribe and Rome. It allows for a further reconsideration of the relationship between (semi-)nomadic and Roman/sedentary groups in Roman North Africa, to the detriment of one-sided analytical schemes that stress endemic hostility.
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Frohnhofen, Helmut. "Training zu Hause verbessert die Schlafqualität und die Tagesschläfrigkeit älterer Menschen." Kompass Pneumologie 7, no. 6 (2019): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504032.
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Background: Aging causes physiological changes which affect the quality of sleep. Supervised physical exercise is an important therapeutic resource to improve the sleep of the elderlies, however there is a low adherence to those type of programs, so it is necessary to implement an exercise program which is feasible and effective. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that a semi-supervised home exercise program, improves sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of elderlies of the community who present poor sleep quality. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial study, conducted from May to September 2017, in Northeastern Brazil, with elderlies of the community aging 60 years old or older, sedentary, with lower scores or equal to 5 at the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and without cognitive decline. From one hundred ninety-one potential participants twenty-eight refused to participate, therefore, one hundred thirty-one (mean age 68 ± 7 years), and 88% female, were randomly assigned to an intervention group - IG (home exercise and sleep hygiene, n = 65) and a control group - CG (sleep hygiene only, n = 66). Sleep assessment tools were used: PSQI, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and clinical questionnaire of Berlin. The level of physical activity has been assessed by means of International Physical Activity Questionnaire adapted for the elderly (IPAQ) and Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive decline. All participants were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention period and, also, the assessors were blind. Results: The IG showed significant improvement in quality of sleep with a mean reduction of 4.9 ± 2.7 points in the overall PSQI (p < 0.01) and in all its 7 components of evaluation (p < 0.05), and improvement of secondary endpoint, daytime sleepiness, a decline of 2.8 ± 2.2 points in the ESS (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that semi-supervised home exercise is effective in improving the quality of sleep and self-referred daytime sleepiness of sedentary elderlies of the community who presented sleep disorders. Trial registration: Ensaiosclinicos.gov.br process number: RBR-3cqzfy.
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Perrin, Delphine. "Tuaregs and Citizenship." Middle East Law and Governance 6, no. 3 (December 5, 2014): 296–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00603002.
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The paper questions the widespread perception according to which Tuaregs’ relationship to citizenship would be characterized by hostility, skepticism or indifference, a perception which is often applied to transnational minorities, in particular when they are associated to a mobility culture and/or a remote territory. It focuses on both mobile and sedentary Tuaregs from Niger and Mali in their various and complex relationship to state membership, which spans legally from statelessness to multiple citizenship, and practically from semi-passive attitudes toward the state to active assimilation. The paper shows how new forms of belonging, including belonging to the state(s), have emerged among Tuaregs together with the reconfiguration of territorial and community bonds, and seeks to assess the impact of some variables, such as mobility and territorial localization, on individual and collective attitudes towards citizenship.
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Prentiss, Anna Marie, Matthew J. Walsh, Thomas A. Foor, Kathryn Bobolinski, Ashley Hampton, Ethan Ryan, and Haley O'Brien. "Malthusian cycles among semi-sedentary Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers: The socio-economic and demographic history of Housepit 54, Bridge River site, British Columbia." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 59 (September 2020): 101181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101181.
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Suhada, Pravita Dewi, Nurmasari Widyastuti, Aryu Candra, and Ahmad Syauqy. "Korelasi Aktivitas Fisik dan Persen Lemak Tubuh dengan Indikator Sarkopenia." Amerta Nutrition 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v5i1.2021.15-22.
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Latar Belakang: Sarkopenia erat kaitannya dengan aktivitas fisik dan komposisi tubuh terutama persen lemak tubuh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dan persen lemak tubuh dengan indikator sarkopenia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross sectional dengan 40 subjek usia 50-59 tahun yang dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling pada warga penghuni rumah susun Karangroto. Subjek diukur tinggi badan dan berat badan untuk mengetahui status gizi. Indikator sarkopenia diamati dengan mengukur massa otot, kekuatan otot dan performa fisik. Massa otot dan persen lemak tubuh diukur dengan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), kekuatan otot diukur dengan Electronic Hand Dynamometer, performa fisik diukur dengan tes Time Up and Go (TUG), aktivitas fisik diukur dengan kuesioner self-report International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form, dan asupan makanan diukur dengan kuesioner semi kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Analisis data menggunakan Tes Mann Whitney U, korelasi Pearson Product-Moment dan Rank Spearman.Hasil: Sebesar 62,5%; 47,5%; 52,5%; 52,5%; 2,5%; 40%; 5% subjek secara berurutan memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh kategori obesitas, persen lemak kategori obesitas, aktivitas fisik sedang, asupan lemak lebih, massa otot rendah, kekuatan otot rendah dan performa fisik rendah. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada massa otot dan kekuatan otot antara laki-laki dan perempuan (p<0,001). Aktivitas sedentary berkorelasi negatif dengan massa otot (r -0,434; p 0,005), serta persen lemak dengan massa otot (r -0,356; p 0,024).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas sedentary dan persen lemak tubuh dengan indikator sarkopenia yaitu massa otot pada penghuni rumah susun Karangroto, Semarang.
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Turpin, Solveig A., Herbert H. Eling, and Moisés Valadez Moreno. "Continuities in Architectural Traditions: The Subterráneos of Prehistoric and Modern Northern Mexico." North American Archaeologist 18, no. 2 (October 1997): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nxrg-frv0-7h3e-pxrh.
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The recent discovery of a pit house village, 40 km northwest of Monterrey, challenges the conventional view of inland northeastern Mexico as the domain of purely nomadic hunters and gatherers throughout prehistory. Las Casitas consists of fifty-three subterranean rooms and forty-eight smaller depressions aligned in three slightly arcuate tiers in a small valley adjacent to Boca de Potrerillos, an extremely large open campsite and petroglyph complex that is now an archeological park. Other features of the site are some 325 hearths that surround the depressions and a very limited artifact assemblage numbering only thirty-seven items. Two hearths produced radiocarbon samples that date site occupancy to approximately a.d. 1450, just prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the New World. Las Casitas provides the first evidence of semi-sedentary, surplus producing populations in central northeastern Mexico.
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Wallis, Lynley A., and Sophie Collins. "Just passing through: Archaeological investigations of a late Holocene open site in the Mitchell Grass Downs, inland northwest Queensland." Queensland Archaeological Research 16 (January 23, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.16.2013.223.
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<p>Comparatively little is known about the archaeology of the Mitchell Grass Downs region of inland Queensland. This paper reports the results of investigations of an open site complex therein, comprising numerous hearths, a human burial, middens, stone arrangements and a stone artefact assemblage. Analysis reveals the stone artefact assemblage is a palimpsest, representing multiple events in the late Holocene compressed into a single non-stratified archaeological surface assemblage. The evidence suggests use of the area was by highly mobile, transient populations passing through on an occasional seasonal basis when environmental conditions were amenable to travel; suggestions for a semi-sedentary population are not supported. Clear evidence for the extensive removal, weathering, reuse and recycling of artefacts has implications for our ability to reconstruct past human behaviours and landscape use in this region.</p>
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Lindqvist, Christian, and Göran Possnert. "The First Seal Hunter Families on Gotland - On the Mesolithic Occupation in the Stora Förvar Cave." Current Swedish Archaeology 7, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1999.06.
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The article presents some results of a joint interdisciplinary researchproject, The Stora Förvar Cave and Gotlands peopling, faunal history and subsistence economy/diet development from the Boreal to the Subatlantic, initiated by Christian Lindqvist in 1991. Its objectives include investigations of a number of crucial issues in a long-term perspective, such as the initial settlement, the early faunal history, the early subsistence economy and diet, but also the character of the Mesolithic-Neolithic shift on Gotland, by means of human and zooosteological, carbon isotope and ancient DNA analyses. The article presents and discusses artefact, osteological, and 13C and 14C data and interpretations concerning the duration and character of the Mesolithic occupation —temporary kill/butchering site, seasonal hunting station, semi-sedentary base camp or burial cave —as well as osteobiographical data on the identified human individuals and their burial customs.
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Anderson, David G. "Rangifer and human interests." Rangifer 20, no. 2-3 (March 1, 2000): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1510.
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This article reviews biological and anthropological literatute on wild and tame Rangifer to demonstrate the powerful effect that this species has had on the imaginations of biologists, social scientists and local hunters. Through identifying a general 'human interest' in Rangifer, the author argues that there is great potential for these three communities to work together. To demonstrate this idea, the paper reviews several examples of successful and unsuccessful 'alliances' between local peoples and both natural and social scientists which have had a fundamental impact upon the history of these sciences. The paper examines recent theorerical models which suggest that human action is a major factor in the behaviour and ecology of the animals. The paper also analyses the ideas of many indigenous people for whom there is no categorical difference between semi-domesticated, semi-sedentary and migratory Rangifer through comparison with many 'anomalous' texts in English and Russian language wildlife biology. By reviewing the history of scholarly interest in Rangifer, the author argues that contemporary models of Rangifer behaviour and identity could be 'revitalised' and 'recalibrated' through the establishment of that dialogue between scientists and local peoples which so characterised the 19th century. Such a dialogue, it is argued, would help mediate many of the political conflicts now appearing in those districts where Rangifer migrate.
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Barbieri, Dechristian, Divya Srinivasan, Svend Erik Mathiassen, and Ana Beatriz Oliveira. "The effect of sit-stand workstations to decrease sedentariness in office work." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601105.
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Sedentary behaviors in office workers has become a major public health concern and several initiatives have been proposed to break up sedentary behavior patterns during the performance of computer-intensive office work (Neuhaus et al., 2014; Toomingas et al., 2012). Among such initiatives, the use of sit-stand workstations has been suggested to be one of the most promising by recent reviews (Commissaris et al., 2015). However, there still is only limited scientific evidence showing how effective sit-stand workstations are, in reducing sedentary behaviors and also documentation of their sustainability of use in studies of regular office work (i.e. as the “newness” of the system wears off, with time since introduction). This study aimed to document user behaviors and compare the use of two sit-stand workstation based interventions among two groups of administrative office workers: an “autonomous” group in which these workstations were introduced following some general ergonomic guidelines, and another “feedback-system” group in which the sit-stand tables were furnished with an automatic reminder system: users were prompted to accept, delay or refuse pre-programmed changes in table position, and if they accepted, the system automatically raised the table to a high (i.e. standing) position. This system was programmed for 10 minutes of standing after every accumulated 50 minutes of the table being in a low (i.e. sitting) position. In addition to documenting average use of the two sit-stand workstations, the sustainability of their use over two continuous months since their introduction was also studied. The results averaged over two months of usage of the two interventions showed that the percentage (%) sitting time was 87.4 (84.9-89.2) and 84.0 (83.5-85.4) on average ( P=0.001), and the frequency of switches between sitting and standing was 0.3 (0.2-0.3) per hour and 0.7 (0.6-0.7) per hour ( P=0.001) in the autonomous and feedback-system groups respectively. These usage behaviors were found to be stable over the entire 2 months of use in both groups. Thus, the sit-stand table system integrated with the automatic reminder system led to more reduction in sitting time and more switches in posture between sitting and standing as compared to the traditional sit-stand table, and behaviors of both groups were seen to be sustained over the 2-month intervention period. In conclusion, a semi-automated sit-stand table may thus offer an effective contribution to making sedentary behavior patterns more variable among office workers, and thus aid in preventing negative health effects associated with prolonged sitting times.
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Haile, Caitlin, Alison Kirk, Nicola Cogan, Xanne Janssen, Ann-Marie Gibson, and Bradley MacDonald. "Pilot Testing of a Nudge-Based Digital Intervention (Welbot) to Improve Sedentary Behaviour and Wellbeing in the Workplace." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 10, 2020): 5763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165763.
Full textAbstract:
Welbot is a nudge-based digital intervention that aims to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve physical and mental wellbeing at work. The purpose of this study was to pilot test the Welbot intervention. Forty-one (6M/35F) University staff (M age = 43-years) participated in this study, which was a single arm repeated measures trial conducted over three weeks of intervention. The primary outcome was sedentary behaviour (measured subjectively and objectively) and secondary outcomes included: mental wellbeing, procrastination, depression, anxiety and stress, and work engagement. A subset of participants (n = 6) wore an ActivPAL to objectively measure activity data, while another subset of participants (n = 6) completed a qualitative semi-structured interview to ascertain experiences of using Welbot. Following the intervention, a Friedman non-parametric test revealed that participants self-reported significantly less time sitting and more time standing and objectively recorded more steps at the week-1 follow-up. A series of paired t-tests exhibited that changes in all secondary outcomes were in the expected direction. However, only improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress were significant. After using Welbot, thematic analysis demonstrated that participants perceived they had a positive behaviour change, increased awareness of unhealthy behaviours at work, and provided suggestions for intervention improvement. Overall, findings provided indications of the potential positive impact Welbot may have on employees’ wellbeing, however, limitations are noted. Recommendations for intervention improvement including personalisation (e.g., individual preferences for nudges and the option to sync Welbot with online calendars) and further research into how users engage with Welbot are provided.
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Brahmankar, Tanuja R., and Priya M. Prabhu. "Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees of Western Maharashtra – a cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171361.
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Background: Hypertension, the “silent killer” - is a modern day’s epidemic and is becoming a public health emergency worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Sedentary life-style and stress are important risk factors for hypertension. The job of bank employees is both sedentary in nature and accompanies high levels of mental stress, thereby at a higher risk of developing hypertension. Hence the present study was conducted to study the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees in Western Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2014 to December 2015 to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the bank employees in Western Maharashtra. By using multistage sampling method, total 340 bank employees from 40 branches were included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After all ethical considerations, the data were collected by using pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire and then analysed using MS Excel, SPSS-22 and Primer of Biostatistics.Results: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 39.7% and that of pre-hypertension was 41.8% among the study population. Socio-demographic factors like age, male gender, family history of hypertension, mode of travel, physical activity, overweight, years of service, intake of coffee and smoking had shown significant association with hypertension.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension was found as significantly higher in bank employees than the general population of India. Among the non-hypertensives large part was pre-hypertensives which are also at high risk of developing hypertension in the future.
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Belala, Nacera, Carolin Maier, Patrick Heldmann, Michael Schwenk, and Clemens Becker. "A pilot observational study to analyze (in)activity and reasons for sedentary behavior of cognitively impaired geriatric acute inpatients." Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie 52, S4 (October 29, 2019): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00391-019-01644-x.
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Abstract Background and objective Mobility decline and worsening of the cognitive status are all too often the result of acute hospital treatment in older patients. This is particularly pronounced in patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment. This study strived to analyze the routines of geriatric acute care and identify reasons and triggers for sedentary behavior during acute hospitalization of cognitively impaired inpatients. Methods and patients A sample of 20 moderately cognitively impaired geriatric inpatients (average age 84 years) were recruited on an acute care ward. Information on persons attending the patient, daytime, location, context, patient’s activity behavior and difficulty of action were collected by behavioral mapping over a period of 35 1‑min timeslots and extrapolated to a period of 525 min. Routines were further analyzed via semi-structured interviews with five healthcare professionals (HCP). Results Relevant relations between various categorical and ordinal variables, such as patients’ activity behavior, persons attending the patient, daytime, location, difficulty of action and contextual factors were found. Extrapolated data showed that patients spent 396.9 min (75%) in their room, 342.0 min (65%) were spent alone and 236.2 min (45%) lying in bed. The time patients spent alone was grossly underestimated by HCP. Conclusion Time spent without company, lacking meaningful activities and continuous bedridden periods due to missing demands to leave the room might have led to time spent inactive and alone. These seem to be strong predictors for sedentariness. Routines of acute care should be reorganized to increase physical activity and thereby reduce sedentary behavior of this patient group.