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Journal articles on the topic 'Semi-structured interviews'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Al Balushi, Khadija. "The Use of Online Semi-Structured Interviews in Interpretive Research." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 7, no. 4 (April 5, 2018): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/art20181393.

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Choi, Sun Haeng, Se Jin Park, Yu Na Kim, Eungyeong Choi, So Yeon Kong, and Sang Chul Kim. "A Study on the Introduction and Use of ICT-EMS by Chungbuk Paramedics: Qualitative Research Using Semi-Structured Interviews: Semi-Structured Interviews for the Introduction of ICT-EMS." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 14, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2024.3.1.

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Whiting, Lisa S. "Semi-structured interviews: guidance for novice researchers." Nursing Standard 22, no. 23 (February 13, 2008): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.02.22.23.35.c6420.

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Adeoye‐Olatunde, Omolola A., and Nicole L. Olenik. "Research and scholarly methods: Semi‐structured interviews." JACCP: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 4, no. 10 (May 2, 2021): 1358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1441.

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Nguyen, Thi Quynh Trang. "Conducting semi-structured interviews with the Vietnamese." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-04-2014-0012.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss several cultural and psychological aspects that the author experienced in the interview fieldwork with Vietnamese and the strategies to deal with these methodological issues. It aims to assist non-Vietnamese researchers planning their qualitative fieldwork with Vietnamese participants. Design/methodology/approach – The results are drawn from using an autoethnographic approach, in which the author presents and analyses the experiences of conducting individual semi-structured interviews with 15 Vietnamese college teachers in the PhD qualitative study on the Vietnamese concept of face – thê diên. Findings – The author argues that in interviews with Vietnamese participants, an interviewer should be mindful of the interviewees’ unfamiliarity with the ethics approval procedure, their reliance on relationship and trust, their self-face concern and low level of elaboration. It is important that the interviewer be seen as an “insider” by the Vietnamese interviewees, not an “objective” outsider researcher. In addition, an interviewer needs to be sensitive to detect any subtle cues that may emerge, and be flexible enough to adjust the interview questions if necessary and employ suitable techniques to adapt to these changes. Research limitations/implications – The findings were limited to the scope of experiences within a PhD study with a small group of college teachers. Experiences with larger groups of Vietnamese participants from diverse backgrounds may be needed to confirm the findings of this paper. Originality/value – This paper addresses the gap in the discussion of conducting qualitative research with the Vietnamese. It also discusses several issues that have not been discussed before, such as the Vietnamese unfamiliarity with the paperwork required for ethics approval and their face concerns in interviews.

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Wang, Yian. "Exploring Interview Dynamics in Hiring Process: Structure, Response Bias, and Interviewee Experience." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 86, no. 1 (May 28, 2024): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/86/20240953.

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Interviews plays a crucial role in the hiring process, influencing decisions that can significantly organizations and individuals. This literature review comprehensively examines the role of interviews in the hiring process, focusing on three dimensions: structure, response bias, and interviewee experience. It begins by defining each interview structure and discussing the shortcomings of unstructured interviews in terms of reliability and validity, the flexibility of semi-structured interviews, and the high validity of structured interviews. In addition, this paper addresses the issues of response bias and interviewee experience that frequently arise in interviews. Potential solutions to these issues are explored, leveraging the distinctive features of the three structures. And the finding suggests that structured interviews are more effective in mitigating bias, while semi-structured interviews prioritize the interviewees experience. The strong replicability of structured interviews makes them suitable for extensive study and future improvement. Therefore, this paper proposes that enhancing interviewee experience in structured interviews should be a key area of future research.

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Hu, Y., K. Bharani, A. Amponsah, J. Shane-Sanchez, O. Janczewski, S. Kao, and A. C. Lowe. "Implementation and reception of a semi-structured resident interview to improve equity." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 162, Supplement_1 (October 2024): S34—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqae129.075.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective To improve equity and inclusion in the residency candidacy interview process, we collaborated with our human resources and graduate medical education colleges to develop standardized interview questions based on best practices reported in corporate and medical literature. These standardized questions were piloted by resident interviewers during the 2023-2024 Pathology residency application cycle in a semi-structured interview format. Methods/Case Report With consultants from the graduate medical education and human resources, we identified favored qualities of expectational candidates (e.g., passion for pathology, interest in program, collaboration, reliability, and compassion) and developed a list of standardized questions with a corresponding answer scoring guide to guide objective assessment of answers for each quality. Residents and fellows (“interviewers”) who volunteer to interview Pathology residency candidates (“candidates”) received training on interviewing best practices, identifying and mitigating bias, and the new semi-structured interview format at the beginning of the interview season. Interviewers were encouraged to use a semi-structured interview format where at least one standardized question is included in addition to their usual ad hoc interview questions and discussions. After the interview season concluded, we surveyed all interviewers (n=39) and candidates (n=90) who participated in this process, for feedback on the semi-structured interview process. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) 31/90 (34%) applicants provided feedback about their interview with 15/29 (52%) applicants agreeing that the semi-structured interview format enhanced their experience. 20/31 (65%) applicants agreed that their impression of Stanford would be positively affected if all interviews were conducted in a semi- structured format. 24/31 (77%) think faculty members should use standardized questions while 17/31 (55%) think residents should use standardized questions in either a semi-structured or structured formats. 17/31 (55%) feel that structured interviews contribute to improving equity. 12/39 (31%) of current residents provided feedback about their interviews. All 12 (100%) respondents used standardized questions in a semi-structured interview format. 10/12 (83%) interviewers think the new format improves our resident interview process. Conclusion Overall, responses from both resident interviewers and applicants support the implementation of semi- structured interviews and the continuation and expansion of this initiative.

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McIntosh, Michele J., and Janice M. Morse. "Situating and Constructing Diversity in Semi-Structured Interviews." Global Qualitative Nursing Research 2 (August 14, 2015): 233339361559767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333393615597674.

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Querol-Bataller, Maria. "Mitigation Strategies in Semi-structured Oral Chinese Interviews." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.13.1.73-90.

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This paper identifies and accounts for mitigation strategies in a corpus of language that attempts to reflect the communicative style of Chinese speakers in semi-structured oral interviews. Thus, the analysis was carried out on the informal conversations of the C-ORAL-CHINA corpus. Mitigating resources were classified and grouped into seven general procedures that constitute different strategic mechanisms with which mitigation is carried out. Regarding the strategic mechanisms through which mitigation was carried out in these semi-structured oral Chinese interviews, the most common strategies were the following: the use of resources that downgrade what has been said or done, the use of resources that involve the addressee in what has been said or done, and the use of resources that limit or restrict what has been said or done. Conversely, the strategies of correcting or repairing what has been said, justifying, and defocalizing had the lowest frequency of use.

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Levis, Brooke, Andrea Benedetti, Kira E. Riehm, Nazanin Saadat, Alexander W. Levis, Marleine Azar, Danielle B. Rice, et al. "Probability of major depression diagnostic classification using semi-structured versus fully structured diagnostic interviews." British Journal of Psychiatry 212, no. 6 (May 2, 2018): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.54.

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BackgroundDifferent diagnostic interviews are used as reference standards for major depression classification in research. Semi-structured interviews involve clinical judgement, whereas fully structured interviews are completely scripted. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a brief fully structured interview, is also sometimes used. It is not known whether interview method is associated with probability of major depression classification.AimsTo evaluate the association between interview method and odds of major depression classification, controlling for depressive symptom scores and participant characteristics.MethodData collected for an individual participant data meta-analysis of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic accuracy were analysed and binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit.ResultsA total of 17 158 participants (2287 with major depression) from 57 primary studies were analysed. Among fully structured interviews, odds of major depression were higher for the MINI compared with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.15–3.87). Compared with semi-structured interviews, fully structured interviews (MINI excluded) were non-significantly more likely to classify participants with low-level depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≤6) as having major depression (OR = 3.13; 95% CI = 0.98–10.00), similarly likely for moderate-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores 7–15) (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.56–1.66) and significantly less likely for high-level symptoms (PHQ-9 scores ≥16) (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26–0.97).ConclusionsThe MINI may identify more people as depressed than the CIDI, and semi-structured and fully structured interviews may not be interchangeable methods, but these results should be replicated.Declaration of interestDrs Jetté and Patten declare that they received a grant, outside the submitted work, from the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, which was jointly funded by the Institute and Pfizer. Pfizer was the original sponsor of the development of the PHQ-9, which is now in the public domain. Dr Chan is a steering committee member or consultant of Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Lilly, MSD and Pfizer. She has received sponsorships and honorarium for giving lectures and providing consultancy and her affiliated institution has received research grants from these companies. Dr Hegerl declares that within the past 3 years, he was an advisory board member for Lundbeck, Servier and Otsuka Pharma; a consultant for Bayer Pharma; and a speaker for Medice Arzneimittel, Novartis, and Roche Pharma, all outside the submitted work. Dr Inagaki declares that he has received grants from Novartis Pharma, lecture fees from Pfizer, Mochida, Shionogi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, Meiji Seika and Takeda, and royalties from Nippon Hyoron Sha, Nanzando, Seiwa Shoten, Igaku-shoin and Technomics, all outside of the submitted work. Dr Yamada reports personal fees from Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Seishin Shobo, Seiwa Shoten Co., Ltd., Igaku-shoin Ltd., Chugai Igakusha and Sentan Igakusha, all outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests. No funder had any role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of the data; preparation, review or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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Grinsted, Annette. "The discursive organization of research interviews." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 14, no. 27 (February 27, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v14i27.25652.

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The article discusses two methods for assessing beliefs, values etc. and underlying factors, viz. structured and semi-structured interview. The application of semi-structured interviews is exemplified in connection with a study carried out by the author, emphasisíng especially the role of accounts for assessing factors underlying beliefs, judgments, etc.

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Thille, Patricia H., Leahora Rotteau, and Fiona Webster. "More than words: methods to elicit talk in interviews." Family Practice 38, no. 4 (June 5, 2021): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmab043.

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Lay Summary In health services and primary care research, semi-structured interviews are a very common method of generating data. These interviews have a pre-determined set of topics, with questions and prompts written in advance, though there is flexibility to adjust the interview to match the direction set by the participant. Like all methods, semi-structured interviews have limits, some of which can be addressed through adaptation. In the social sciences, some interview methods include prompts beyond verbal questions to participants, called elicitation tools. Visuals (e.g. photos), videos, audio excerpts and texts can be brought into interviews to orient the discussion. Another type of interview—mobile interview—happens in places meaningful to the participants. Depending on the research question, elicitation methods can enrich semi-structured interviews. This methods brief will introduce interviewing with elicitation tools, and outline strengths of such methods.

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Blake, Sharon, Astrid Janssens, Jan Ewing, and Anne Barlow. "Reflections on Joint and Individual Interviews With Couples: A Multi-Level Interview Mode." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 1, 2021): 160940692110167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211016733.

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When researchers are interested in the experiences of couples, the mode of interview is typically considered a binary choice between separate individual interviews with each partner, or a joint interview with both partners together. That is, if interview mode is explicitly considered at all. In this article, we illustrate a reflective process undertaken to explore the role of interview mode in the production of knowledge. Our focus is the adoption of multi-level semi-structured interviews wherein couples were interviewed both jointly and individually in one visit. The paper is set out in two parts. In part one, the study context and how the mode of interview was conceptualized is considered, before describing the chosen multi-level interview design. In part two, how the mode of interview worked in practice is discussed. The triangulation of individual and dyadic level perspectives collected rich data. Despite the novelty of mode, the challenges encountered reflected familiar concerns with semi-structured interviews: characteristic match between interviewer and interviewee, recording tacit knowledge, moving beyond normative expression and balancing disclosure with interviewee well-being. The paper concludes with a consideration of our assumptions of what constitutes a “successful” interview and offers guiding reflective questions for researchers who are considering semi-structured interviews. Further research is needed to explore the impact of different interview modes.

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Dearnley, Christine. "A reflection on the use of semi-structured interviews." Nurse Researcher 13, no. 1 (July 2005): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2005.07.13.1.19.c5997.

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Kankaya, Hülya, Esra Oksel, and Ayfer Karadakovan. "Living With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Qualitative Study Exploring The Experiences of Women." Progress in Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1750.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the life experiences of women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials and Methods: This study design was qualitative design-phenomenological. Individual in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 women with systemic lupus erythematosus at the rheumatology outpatients’ department of a university hospital between January and April 2018. The patients were chosen with purposive sampling. Interviews were semi-structured, using a descriptive questionnaire and a semi- interview form. The interviews conducted with face-to-face in-depth interview method, were audio-taped and fully transcribed. Thematic analysis of data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using the steps of Colaizzi. Results: Five categories and 11 themes were identified by phenomenological data analysis. The categories were disease perception, self-perception, role-relationship, coping-stress tolerance, financial impact. Conclusions: In the treatment and care process of women with SLE, the effects of the disease and treatment on an individual’s life should be determined, taking into account individual characteristics and conditions, and the necessary improvement and support should be provided.

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Bhalla, Sunil, Nurhidayah Bahar, and Kanagi Kanapathy. "Pre-testing Semi-structured Interview Questions Using Expert Review and Cognitive Interview Methods." International Journal of Business and Management 7, no. 5 (October 30, 2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2023.5.2.

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The aim of this methodological paper is to report on a way to pre-test semi-structured interview questions using both the expert review and cognitive interview methods for multiple case study research. Pre-testing, a type of pilot study, is important to ensure semi-structured interview questions can achieve the desired goal of rigour in the qualitative research process ensuring construct validity and reliability. Expert reviews can be undertaken using a modified Qualitative Appraisal System (QAS-99) questionnaire and cognitive interviews using Tourangeau’s four-stage cognitive model with verbal probes and concurrent probing. Modifications can then be made to the initial semi-structured interview questions resulting in a final semi-structured interview protocol. Reflective insights in the pre-testing process should also be documented. As there is a dearth of reports on how to undertake pre-testing of semi-structured interview questions using both the expert review and cognitive interview methods, this paper provides a valuable methodological guide for qualitative researchers in the preparation and development of a semi-structured interview protocol especially for multiple case study research.

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Pyrko, Igor, and Viktor Dorfler. "Using Causal Mapping in the Analysis of Semi-structured Interviews." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 14348. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.14348abstract.

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Price, Heather E., and Christian Smith. "Procedures for Reliable Cultural Model Analysis Using Semi-structured Interviews." Field Methods 33, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x20982725.

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To identify the dominant cultural models among parents transmitting faith to their children, we find few methodological guidelines to guide coding and analysis of semi-structured interviews. We thus developed a three-phase procedure for our research team. Phase-one follows Campbell et al. by unitizing on meanings rather than words/pages, including creating decision rules documents, keyword lists, and summary memos. We provide empirical support for the reliability of those procedures and contribute by adding final validity checks into phase one and a new set of second-order coding procedures as phase two and phase three, as suggested by Miles and Huberman, to transform theme analysis into patterned findings. Phase two codes the latent patterns underlying the phase-one thematic codes. Phase three quantifies phase-two codes into matrices. Although time intensive, other researchers can apply these procedures to produce transparent, auditable findings.

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Hand, Helen. "The mentor’s tale: a reflexive account of semi-structured interviews." Nurse Researcher 10, no. 3 (April 2003): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2003.04.10.3.15.c5893.

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Cachia, Moira, and Lynne Millward. "The telephone medium and semi‐structured interviews: a complementary fit." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 6, no. 3 (November 15, 2011): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465641111188420.

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Liu, Zhe, Jiamin Dai, Cristina Conati, and Joanna McGrenere. "Envisioning AI Support during Semi-Structured Interviews Across the Expertise Spectrum." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2025): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3710909.

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Semi-structured interviews are a critical qualitative method in many areas, including CSCW and HCI, enabling researchers to uncover deep contextualized insights. Using this flexible method, interviewers must adapt to interviewees' responses while adhering to the protocol, necessitating strong active listening and real-time analytical skills. While recent studies have explored how AI can support researchers in qualitative analysis, to our knowledge, no research has investigated AI's role in supporting semi-structured interviews while they are underway. Taking one step toward filling this gap, we interviewed 16 researchers with a range of prior interviewing expertise. Our inductive thematic analysis reveals that interviewers expect real-time AI assistance to support research objectives and facilitate interpersonal communication, but also have concerns about its impact on long-term skill development. We discuss how semi-structured interviews differ from other problem-solving or creative human-AI collaboration contexts, highlighting the time constraints, multimodal collaboration, and the triangular dynamic among interviewers, interviewees, and AI. We also delve into how interviewers' levels of expertise affect their envisioned interviewer-AI collaboration. We then propose design challenges for future CSCW work on AI-driven assistants in interview contexts.

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Rowley, Jennifer, Rosalind Jones, Magda Vassiliou, and Sonya Hanna. "Using Card-Based Games to Enhance the Value of Semi-Structured Interviews." International Journal of Market Research 54, no. 1 (January 2012): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-54-1-093-110.

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This article reports on the use of the card-based game method in semi-structured interviews in three separate research projects. The essence of the method is simple: cards are created with words or images to represent the concepts or terms that are central to the topics in a semi-structured interview; the cards then act as visual cues to facilitate focus and prompt reflection. Of greater interest is the application of the approach in specific contexts, and the benefits that accrue from its application. This research demonstrates that the card game method can be used to provide qualitative validation of theoretical models, and can be applied variously to elicit and explore definitions, priorities, processes, challenges, issues, difficulties, views on the future and critical success factors. The card game method and other innovative techniques that involve the interviewee in activities have the potential to enhance the value of semi-structured interviews.

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Stripp, Tobias Anker. "Qualitative Testing of Questionnaires on Existential, Spiritual, and Religious Constructs: Epistemological Reflections." Religions 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2025): 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020216.

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Quantitative methodologies using questionnaires are widely utilised across the health and social sciences, including when assessing difficult-to-measure constructs such as existential, spiritual, or religious constructs. The validity of the questionnaire is crucial to secure good research. Qualitative methods are essential to assess the validity of questionnaires, including a range of measurement properties such as comprehensiveness, comprehensibility, and content validity—properties that quantitative measures have difficulty addressing. Cognitive and semi-structured interviews are the most common qualitative methods to evaluate these properties when testing questionnaires. However, the choice of interview method and subsequent analysis also reflects a negotiation between epistemologies, influencing how the data are interpreted and applied. Based on experience with cognitive and semi-structured interviews to test a questionnaire on existential, spiritual, and religious constructs, this paper critically discusses the opposing epistemological premises for cognitive and semi-structured interviews. It is a relevant methodological discussion for researchers working with questionnaires in health sciences, not the least in relation to religious studies broadly speaking.

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Falter, Maarten, Martijn Scherrenberg, Hanne Kindermans, Sevda Kizilkilic, Toshiki Kaihara, and Paul Dendale. "Willingness to participate in cardiac telerehabilitation: results from semi-structured interviews." European Heart Journal - Digital Health 3, no. 1 (October 22, 2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjdh/ztab091.

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Abstract Aims Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is indicated in patients with cardiovascular disease but participation rates remain low. Telerehabilitation (TR) is often proposed as a solution. While many trials have investigated TR, few have studied participation rates in conventional CR non-participants. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of patients that would be willing to participate in a TR programme to identify the main perceived barriers and facilitators for participating in TR. Methods and results Two groups of patients were recruited: CR non-participants and CR participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thirty non-participants and 30 participants were interviewed. Of CR non-participants, 33% would participate in TR and 10% would participate in a blended CR programme (combination of centre-based CR and TR). Of CR participants, 60% would participate in TR and 70% would be interested in a blended CR programme. Of those that would participate in TR, 44% would prefer centre-based CR, 33% would prefer a blended CR programme, and 11% would prefer a full TR programme. In both groups, the main facilitating aspect about TR was not needing transport and the main barrier was digital literacy. Conclusion For CR non-participants, TR will only partly solve the problem of low participation rates and blended programmes might not offer a solution. Cardiac rehabilitation participants are more prepared to participate in TR and blended CR. Digital literacy was in both groups mentioned as an important barrier, emphasizing the challenges for healthcare and local governments to keep educating all types of patients in digital literacy.

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Husain, Nicola Rachel, J. Graham Davies, and Stephen Tomlin. "Supply of unlicensed medicines to children: semi-structured interviews with carers." BMJ Paediatrics Open 1, no. 1 (August 2017): e000051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000051.

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McTate, Emily A., and Jarrod M. Leffler. "Diagnosing disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Integrating semi-structured and unstructured interviews." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, no. 2 (September 15, 2016): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104516658190.

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The newest iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–fifth edition (DSM-5), is the first to include the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). The assessment and diagnosis of psychopathology in children are complicated, particularly for mood disorders. Practice can be guided by the use of well-validated instruments. However, as this is a new diagnosis existing instruments have not yet been evaluated for the diagnosis of DMDD. This study seeks to provide a method for using existing structured interview instruments to assess for this contemporary diagnosis. The Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) are reviewed and existing items consistent with a diagnosis of DMDD are identified. Finally, a case is presented using both measures and applying the theoretical items identified to illustrate how one might use these measures to assess DMDD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

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Mitton, Jan, and Gail Huxley. "Responses and Behaviour of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Semi-Structured Interviews." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 5 (June 1988): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300505.

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The researchers investigated the behaviour of the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)patient, based on observations during structured interviews, to test the hypothesis that these patients are frequently more hostile, aggressive, demanding and manipulative in an interview situation, as has been reported in the literature. These patients were compared to a similar group which had been identified as having BPD traits. The findings suggest that the BPD patients respond with more helplessness and anxiety, that they are more reliable, and that they do not differ significantly in displays of negative behavior during the interview.

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Fossey, Ellie. "Using the Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI): Therapists' Reflections." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 59, no. 5 (May 1996): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269605900510.

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Clinical interviews provide occupational therapists with sensitive and versatile sources of information; however, reliable means to collect and interpret this information are necessary for effective clinical decision making. The Occupational Performance History Interview (OPHI) is a semi-structured interview, designed to address the need for a reliable and clinically useful interview tool in occupational therapy. This article describes a qualitative research study, in which four experienced therapists reflected on their use of the OPHI to interview people referred to a psychiatric day hospital service. The therapists' reflections, based on listening to audiotapes of these interviews, focused on the interview procedure and on themselves as interviewers. They illustrate how the conduct and interpretation of interviews may be guided by interactive reasoning and professional values. The development of a conversational interviewing style, whilst using this semi-structured interview tool, is also described. To develop reliable interview tools that are also consistent with the particular values and perspective of occupational therapy, consideration might usefully be given to using evaluation criteria applied to qualitative research, as well as conventional scientific criteria of reliability and validity.

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Husband, Gary. "Ethical Data Collection and Recognizing the Impact of Semi-Structured Interviews on Research Respondents." Education Sciences 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10080206.

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This article explores the complex relationship between researcher and respondent through shared experience and interaction in the interview processes. Ethical considerations related to the balance of power and potential for change in respondents’ professional actions and decisions post-interview are discussed whilst problematizing the concept of truly informed consent. Informed by critical incident analysis, the article draws on the researcher’s experience of undertaking a qualitative-based study founded in the principles of phenomenological hermeneutics. Concluded in 2016, the research investigates the impact of pedagogical training programs on respondents’ teaching practice and engagement with professional learning. Respondents, experienced lecturers working in the adult education sectors in Scotland and Wales, contacted the researcher to share their post-interview experiences. The research was not designed to elicit change in respondents, nor influence professional choice or practice. However, each communication received attributed participating in the research as the source for renewed interest and engagement in professional learning. Although research interviews becoming an enriching experience for respondents is a recorded phenomenon the ascribed effects were profound, potentially life-changing, and not fully anticipated. Ethical considerations for researchers designing and undertaking interview-based research are considered alongside the potential for engagement in research interviews as a catalyst for professional learning in practice.

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Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, Helian Nunes de Oliveira, Lorenza Nogueira Campos, Carolina Ali Santos, Carlos Eduardo Resende Gomes, Suely Broxado de Oliveira, Maria Imaculada de Fátima Freitas, Francisco de Assis Acúrcio, and Carla Jorge Machado. "Reliability and validity of a questionnaire on vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections among adults with chronic mental illness: PESSOAS Project." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 30, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462008005000005.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe reliability/validity of a semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess risk behavior to sexually transmitted diseases among adults with chronic mental illness. METHOD: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in one psychiatric hospital and one mental health outpatient clinic. Clinical, behavioral and demographic data were collected from semi-structured interviews and medical charts. One-hundred and twenty patients were randomly selected from pre-defined lists in both centers while 89 (74%) were interviewed, indicating 26% nonparticipation rate. Protocol, participation rates, consent form and feasibility issues were assessed. The semi-structured interview was evaluated with regard to reliability (intra- and inter-rater) and construct validity by randomly repeating the interviews in a 1:1 ratio up to one-week interval. Reliability was estimated by percent agreement and Kappa statistics (95% confidence interval). Construct validity was assessed by Grade of Membership model. RESULTS: Kappa statistics ranged from 0.40 to 1.00 for most variables. Grade of Membership analysis generated three profiles. Profile one was represented by mostly women with no condom use in stable relationships; profile two revealed mostly men in stable relationship but with multiple risk behaviors; while profile three indicated a higher proportion of licit or illicit substance use. CONCLUSIONS: Reliability and construct validity assessment using Grade of Membership analysis indicated that the semi-structured interview was suitable for capturing risk behavior among patients with chronic mental illness.

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Tanwir, Farzeen, Sarah Moideen, and Raiya Habib. "Interviews in Healthcare: A Phenomenological Approach A Qualitative Research Methodology." Journal of Public Health International 4, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3881.

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Phenomenology is a ritual of Qualitative research methodology. Interviews in healthcare enables researchers to recognise and understand data from lived experiences of the participants by using Phenomenological approach. The purpose of this article is to review the various face to face in depth interviews conducted using Husserl’s descriptive, Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology or Hermeneutic phenomenological approach in healthcare. The in-depth interview will help to understand the health issues and ethical issues faced by participants. Methodology Four articles were selected based on phenomenological approach. Article.1 was based on Hermeneutic Phenomenology approach. In this study thirteen women were taken as sample. Sampling was done by snowball method. The women were asked to share their rural maternity experience. Data was analyzed without any influence of the researcher. Article.2 was based on Transcendental phenomenology. There were 15 students from 4 different cultural background belonging to different health professional programmes like nursing, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, and physical therapy. Triangulation methods were used and semi structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. Health professional students shared their lived experience with patients. Article.3 was based on a study conducted using both Transcendental phenomenology for patients interviews and Hermeneutic phenomenology for healthcare professionals’ interviews. The semi structured interview of patient was taken to understand and record their lived experience with the medication without any bias or interpretation and data received was bracketed. The healthcare professionals’ interviews were conducted on Hermeneutic strategy regarding the medications they prescribe for life threatening illnesses. Article 4 was based on Hermeneutic phenomenological approach. There were nine patients selected and in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. The patients shared their experience of living with a life limiting illness.

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Le Provost, A.-S., B. Loddé, J. Pietri, L. De Parscau, L. Pougnet, J.-D. Dewitte, and R. Pougnet. "Suffering at work among medical students: qualitative study using semi-structured interviews." Revue Medicale de Bruxelles 39, no. 1 (2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30637/2018.17-080.

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Ashton, Susan. "Researcher or nurse? Difficulties of undertaking semi-structured interviews on sensitive topics." Nurse Researcher 22, no. 1 (September 24, 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr.22.1.27.e1255.

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Schischka, John. "Developing participatory communication: a case study using semi-structured interviews in Samoa." Development in Practice 23, no. 4 (June 2013): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2013.790934.

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Mazaheri, Monir, Lars E. Eriksson, Kristiina Heikkilä, Alireza Nikbakht Nasrabadi, Sirkka-Liisa Ekman, and Helena Sunvisson. "Experiences of living with dementia: qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews." Journal of Clinical Nursing 22, no. 21-22 (July 2, 2013): 3032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12275.

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Schatz, Enid. "Rationale and procedures for nesting semi-structured interviews in surveys or censuses." Population Studies 66, no. 2 (July 2012): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2012.658851.

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Brown, Alice, and Patrick A. Danaher. "CHE Principles: facilitating authentic and dialogical semi-structured interviews in educational research." International Journal of Research & Method in Education 42, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743727x.2017.1379987.

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Béchet, Clare, Renaud Pichon, André Giordan, and Pascal Bonnabry. "Hospital pharmacists seen through the eyes of physicians: qualitative semi-structured interviews." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 38, no. 6 (November 5, 2016): 1483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0395-1.

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BRUGHA, T. S., P. E. BEBBINGTON, and R. JENKINS. "A difference that matters: comparisons of structured and semi-structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews in the general population." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 1999): 1013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799008880.

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Psychiatric case-identification in general populations allows us to study both individuals with functional psychiatric disorders and the populations from which they come. The individual level of analysis permits disorders to be related to factors of potential aetiological significance and the study of attributes of the disorders that need to be assessed in non-referred populations (an initially scientific endeavour). At the population level valid case identification can be used to evaluate needs for treatment and the utilization of service resources (a public health project). Thus, prevalence is of interest both to scientists and to those responsible for commissioning and planning services (Brugha et al. 1997; Regier et al. 1998). The quality of case identification techniques and of estimates of prevalence is thus of general concern (Bartlett & Coles, 1998).Structured diagnostic interviews were introduced into general population surveys in the 1970s as a method ‘to enable interviewers to obtain psychiatric diagnoses comparable to those a psychiatrist would obtain’ (Robins et al. 1981). The need to develop reliable standardized measures was partly driven by an earlier generation of prevalence surveys showing rates ranging widely from 10·9% (Pasamanick et al. 1956) to 55% (Leighton et al. 1963) in urban and rural North American communities respectively. If the success of large scale psychiatric epidemiological enquiries using structured diagnostic interviews and standardized classifications is measured in terms of citation rates it would seem difficult to question. But the development of standardized interviews of functional psychiatric disorders has not solved this problem of variability: the current generation of large scale surveys, using structured diagnostic interviews and serving strictly defined classification rules, have generated, for example, 12-month prevalence rates of major depression in the US of 4·2% (Robins & Regier, 1991) and 10·1% (Kessler et al. 1994). This calls into question the validity of the assessments, such that we must reopen the question of what they should be measuring and how they should do it.

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Zur, Sarjaniah, Abdul Halim, Siti Alawiyah, Nur Hasanah Safei, Dewi Atikah, and Sitti Nurfaidah. "Students’ Experience on Task Repetition in Collaborative Online Writing of Video-Based Task." Al-TA'DIB: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Kependidikan 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/atdbwv16i1.4495.

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This qualitative study aimed to explore students’ experience on task repetition in collaborative online writing of video-based task. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of fifteen English students in the third semester at an Islamic higher institution in Southeast Sulawesi who have carried out task repetition in collaborative online writing of video-based task. The researcher conducted a semi-structured interview by telephone and the interview process was recorded to make it easier for the researcher to transcribe the results of the interviews. Using thematic analysis, the finding revealed that most of the participants tend to have positive experience when carrying out task repetition in collaborative online writing of video-based task. Moreover, numerous challenges faced by students in doing task repetition were also presented in the finding of this study.

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O'Keeffe, J., W. Buytaert, A. Mijic, N. Brozovic, and R. Sinha. "The use of semi-structured interviews for the characterisation of farmer irrigation practices." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 8 (August 24, 2015): 8221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-8221-2015.

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Abstract. Generating information on the behaviours, characteristics and drivers of users, as well on the resource itself, is vital in developing sustainable and realistic water security options. In this paper we present a methodology for collecting qualitative and quantitative data on water use practices through semi-structured interviews. This approach facilitates the collection of detailed information on actors' decisions in a convenient and cost-effective manner. The interview is organised around a topic guide, which helps lead the conversation in a standardised way while allowing sufficient opportunity to identify relevant issues previously unknown to the researcher. In addition, semi-structured interviews can be used to obtain certain types of quantitative data. While not as accurate as direct measurements, it can provide useful information on local practices and farmers' insights. We present an application of the methodology on two districts in the State of Uttar Pradesh in North India. By means of 100 farmer interviews, information was collected on various aspects of irrigation practices, including irrigation water volumes, irrigation cost, water source and their spatial variability. A statistical analysis of the information, along with some data visualisation is also presented, which highlights a significant variation in irrigation practices both within and between the districts. Our application shows that semi-structured interviews are an effective and efficient method of collecting both qualitative and quantitative information for the assessment of drivers, behaviours and their outcomes in a data scarce region. The collection of this type of data could significantly improve insight on water resources, leading to more realistic management options and increased water security in the future.

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Duban, Nil. "The Opinions of Primary School Teachers Regarding to the Use of Museums in Science Courses." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i2.3842.

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Museums provide the opportunity to handle real objects, solve problems, and interact with others. And also they are perfect places to ask our own questions, and try to discover the answer. So in many courses, teachers use museums as a learning environment for teaching the subject matter. The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of primary school teachers about using museums in science courses. In the current research, the qualitative research method and semi-structured interview technique was used. Participants of the study were identified through intense case sampling. The participants of this research were primary school teachers who enrolled in the master program of The Graduate School of Afyon Kocatepe University. The data were collected through audio-taped semi-structured interviews. A semi-structured interview schedule was developed by the researcher. The credibility of this study was enhanced by expert review. The semi-structured interview schedule was sent to experts for review. The trustworthiness of this study was established by the formula proposed by Miles and Huberman. The data of this research are analyzing through content analysis technique. Findings were supported with direct quotes of participants’ opinions.

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Nomnian, Singhanat. "Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Diaries and Semi-Structured Interviews in a Case Study Examining a Thai ESL Student’s Perceptions on British Culture." rEFLections 12 (December 31, 2009): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61508/refl.v12i0.114247.

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The paper addresses some advantages and disadvantages of using a diary and a semi-structured interview in a case study which examined the perceptions of British culture of a Thai ESL learner called ‘Shirley’. Shirley’s diary entries enabled the researcher to discover her existing cultural perceptions and see gradual changes in her attitudes towards learning about the target language culture over time. The semi-structured interview offered the researcher insights and information on certain issues, which might be far beyond what her diary entries could provide. Some drawbacks to diary data were noted: redundancy, irrelevance and inconsistency in the subject’s writing; drawbacks to the interview data were researcher bias, the ‘real-time’ nature of the interview and the time-consuming nature of processing and analysing the interview data. Nevertheless, the advantages of the research methods employed appear to outweigh their inherent limitations. This paper could potentially benefit researchers in the field of applied linguistics and TESOL who plan to use diary studies and semi-structured interviews as research tools.

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WITTCHEN, H. U., T. B. ÜSTÜN, and R. C. KESSLER. "Diagnosing mental disorders in the community. A difference that matters?" Psychological Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 1999): 1021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799008831.

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Brugha and his colleagues in this issue raise important questions about the validity of standardized diagnostic interviews of mental disorders, such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (WHO, 1990). Although their concerns refer predominantly to the use of such instruments in epidemiological research, the authors' conclusions also have significant implications for diagnostic assessments in clinical practice and research. We agree with Brugha et al. that the inflexible approach to questioning used in standardized interviews can lead to an increased risk of invalidity with regard to some diagnoses. We also agree that the use of more semi-structured clinical questions has the potential to address this problem. However, we disagree with Brugha et al. in several other respects.First, we disagree with the authors' initial exclusive emphasis on diagnosis with regard to need assessment and consequences for the allocation of service resources. It is becoming increasingly clear that knowledge about diagnosis does not, in itself, whether assessed by clinical or non-clinical diagnostic interviews, provide sufficient information we need for policy purposes and the determination of societal costs, or to judge clinical management guidelines and treatment needs (Regier et al. 1998). Additional, preferably dimensional, data on associated disabilities and distress as well as a focused need evaluation for those psychosocial, psychological and drug interventions that characterize modern treatment strategies are also important. It also has become evident that a great many people in the general population carry more than one diagnosis. This ‘co-morbidity’ complicates further such simple equation of diagnosis prevalence with need assessment and policy decisions. Secondly, we disagree with the conclusion of Brugha et al. that the use of a semi-structured clinical interview, like the most current version of the Structured Clinical Assessment for Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), whether in the hands of clinical or non-clinical interviewers, is most closely approximating the ‘clinical gold standard’ and is the most feasible way to correct the problem of disagreement between semi-structured clinical diagnostic interviews and standardized diagnostic interviews. We believe that the practical reliability and validity problems associated with using such a clinical interviewing approach especially in large-scale community surveys as well as in cross-national research more than cancel out any theoretical advantage this approach might have in clarifying meaning. Thirdly, we disagree with the suggestion of Brugha et al. that the problem of validity is inherent in standardized non-clinician interviews. Indeed, as detailed below, there is no evidence that across all diagnoses clinical semi-structured interviews reveal more promising psychometric properties than standardized interviews. Also methodological research shows quite clearly that a substantial number of potential validity problems in standardized interviews can be overcome.

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Hodgetts, John. "The Implementation of Intelligibility-Based Pronunciation Instruction on a Pre-Sessional Eap Course in the Uk." Research in Language 19, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.19.4.05.

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Pre-sessional EAP access courses for learners of English intending to study on undergraduate or postgraduate courses in the UK are faced with particular challenges in incorporating meaningful suprasegmental pronunciation instruction into their programmes. This research examines the pronunciation goals of teachers, course leaders, and learners on a ten week UK pre-sessional access course, particularly with regard to suprasegmental instruction, how these goals are reflected in pronunciation assessment, and how teacher goals are informed by their attitudes and beliefs. A mixed methods approach, including direct observation and semi-structured interviews, is employed to address the area of enquiry. Results derived from course documents and a semi-structured interview show a lack of clarity of course goals. Although there is a general emphasis on suprasegmental rather than segmental instruction, in semi-structured interviews teachers report a lack of course goals. Assessment and practice do not always adhere to a goal of intelligibility, and support for teachers, in terms of the materials and how they might be exploited seems limited.

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Özalp, Ahmet, Emre Şimşir, and Burak Doğan. "International Student Mobility: Socioeconomic Factors and Encountered Problems in the Eskişehir Sample." Sosyoekonomi 33, no. 64 (April 14, 2025): 11–41. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.02.01.

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International student mobility is gaining importance due to globalisation and the expansion of cultural and academic interactions between countries. Türkiye has drawn considerable attention from international students in recent years, ranking among the top 10 countries globally in terms of the number of international students it hosts. This study examines the challenges faced by international students studying in Türkiye and the socioeconomic push-pull factors that influence their educational choices. The research employed a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews. International students studying at universities in Eskişehir were selected through snowball sampling, and interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form. The results revealed that international students encounter challenges such as discrimination, language learning difficulties, and cultural adaptation issues in Türkiye.

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Barber, Jennifer S., Yasamin Kusunoki, Heather H. Gatny, and Jamie Budnick. "The Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Pregnancy during the Transition to Adulthood." American Sociological Review 83, no. 5 (September 7, 2018): 1020–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418795856.

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Using a reproductive coercion framework, we investigate the role of intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy during the transition to adulthood. We use two types of data from a population-based sample of 867 young women in a Michigan county: a 60-minute survey interview with 2.5 years of weekly follow-up surveys, and semi-structured interviews with a subsample of 40 pregnant women. The semi-structured interviews illustrate the violence women experienced. Discrete-time logit hazard models demonstrate that threats and physical assault are associated with higher pregnancy rates during ages 18 to 22. However, this holds only when the violence is recent; violence occurring more than a month earlier is not associated with higher pregnancy rates. These associations are independent of violent experiences with prior partners, which are also associated with higher pregnancy rates. Fixed-effects models show that during violent weeks, women perceive more pregnancy desire from their partners, have more sex, and use less contraception than during nonviolent weeks. Finally, mediation analyses and the semi-structured interviews are consistent with reproductive coercion: violent young men are more likely to want their girlfriends pregnant, and they use threats and physical assault to implement their preferences via sex and contraceptive non-use, which in turn increase pregnancy rates.

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Werlang, Blanca Guevara, and Neury José Botega. "A semi-structured interview for psychological autopsy in suicide cases." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 25, no. 4 (October 2003): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462003000400006.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability and the interrater reliability of a Semi-Structured Interview for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide. METHOD: The Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA) proposed in this paper consists of four modules which evaluate key-topics associated to suicide. In order to evaluate the instrument's applicability, a sample formed by 42 subjects related to 21 suicide cases was used. The interviews were tape-recorded first and then transcribed. The related material as well as the police inquiry data were presented to four judges. Evaluation of information has been performed with the help of a four-module formulary for decision making: precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, lethality, and intentionality. Data processing, whenever possible, has been accomplished using kappa statistics. When kappa statistic was not applicable, concordance percentage has been used. RESULTS: The SSIPA is applicable because it provides information containing a significant degree of agreement between evaluators, found in one hundred and twenty measurements of judgements made by four judges. There has been significant statistical agreement between the judges in three modules (precipitants and/or stressors, motivation, and intentionality) of the model for decision, except in one step of each module, which did not interfere in the final agreement on the present evaluation. In the lethality evaluation module, there has been a 100% agreement between judges. The judgement made by the raters on the four modules have allowed to reach a final agreement regarding the death mode as suicide. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that it is possible to use a semi-structured instrument for psychological autopsy in cases of suicide, when the interviewees are relatives who accepted to provide information.

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O'Keeffe, Jimmy, Wouter Buytaert, Ana Mijic, Nicholas Brozović, and Rajiv Sinha. "The use of semi-structured interviews for the characterisation of farmer irrigation practices." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 5 (May 12, 2016): 1911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1911-2016.

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Abstract. For the development of sustainable and realistic water security, generating information on the behaviours, characteristics, and drivers of users, as well as on the resource itself, is essential. In this paper we present a methodology for collecting qualitative and quantitative data on water use practices through semi-structured interviews. This approach facilitates the collection of detailed information on actors' decisions in a convenient and cost-effective manner. Semi-structured interviews are organised around a topic guide, which helps lead the conversation in a standardised way while allowing sufficient opportunity for relevant issues to emerge. In addition, they can be used to obtain certain types of quantitative data. While not as accurate as direct measurements, they can provide useful information on local practices and users' insights. We present an application of the methodology on farmer water use in two districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. By means of 100 farmer interviews, information was collected on various aspects of irrigation practices, including irrigation water volumes, irrigation cost, water source, and their spatial variability. Statistical analyses of the information, along with data visualisation, are also presented, indicating a significant variation in irrigation practices both within and between districts. Our application shows that semi-structured interviews are an effective and efficient method of collecting both qualitative and quantitative information for the assessment of drivers, behaviours, and their outcomes in a data-scarce region. The collection of this type of data could significantly improve insights on water resources, leading to more realistic management options and increased water security in the future.

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Green, Matthew, Dzung Dao, and Wendy Moyle. "Designing socially assistive robots." Interaction Studies. Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 218–43. https://doi.org/10.1075/is.24010.gre.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to understand stakeholders’ views on design choices associated with socially assistive robots for people with dementia. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 informal carers, one formal carer, one care centre manager, and one person with dementia. Individual semi-structured interviews lasted 45 minutes and were conducted online via the Microsoft Teams app or telephone. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. Results Thematic analysis resulted in four main themes: physical design characteristics, functional features and abilities, data management and operational practicalities. Animal-like robots for companionship were likely to be accepted by people with dementia. Telepresence and service robots integrated into smart networks were viewed as communication and safety tools. Integrating multiple robots and smart devices could provide the level of functionality required to care for people with dementia.

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