Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sénégal – Ferlo (Sénégal ; région)'
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Sarr, Mamadou Adama. "Évolution récente du climat et de la végétation au Sénégal : cas du Bassin versant du Ferlo." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31058.
Full textUnderstand the evolution and the recent variability of the climate in the arid and semi-arid regions is a necessity in order to anticipate what could be the consequences on the environments and on the societies of those regions, and thus define the strategic politics of sustainable development. To reach that goal, we have organised our research in three parts. The first part treats of the geographical plan through a detailed description of the physical environment and of the different systems of the ground occupation. This description put in evidence a fragile ecosystem under high pressure due to the activities which are employed here. The description summarizes also the middle climate frame by accentuating on the general mechanisms of the general circulation of West Africa which is part of the study zone. The analysis constitutes a recall of the dynamic average global conditions of the climatic tropical field which, in relation with local and regional factors, determines the average components of time in the study field and its margins. The second part concerns the analysis of the spatiotemporal variability on the period going from 1951 until 2005 by putting the accent more on the recorded rainfall than on other climatic parameters such as temperature, evaporation, relative humidity and insulation. But it underlines first the physical and methodological constraints which are compulsory for the statistic analysis of the parameters and justify also the models retained for the use of the database. The analysis of the recorded rainfall results show a high variability, but also a quasi stationarity from the end of the years 1970 and that until the middle of the 1980’s, and since an increase of the annual precipitation volumes on the totality of the study field. Compared to the evolution of other parameters (insulation, temperatures, evaporation and relative humidity), the middle of the 1980’s and the beginning of the years 1990’s appear like a period of trend “break up” justifying the questioning on the persistence or not of the dry trend of the Sahel climate in its totality. The third part starts by the analysis of the evolution of the vegetal production different time scale on the basis of a serie of synthesis images NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index) of NOAA-AVHRR on the period going from 1981 until 2005. The evaluation of the inter-annual and intra-annual evolution of the vegetal production in relation with the precipitations in the study field demonstrates a good correlation. On the other hand, the anthropic actions, within the framework of execution of the politics of planning disturb this close relation. This situation is put in evidence by the results obtained in the analysis of the cartography of the ground occupation changes between 1990 and 2002. The study conceived on the treatment of the images TM (Thematic Mapper) and ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) of Landsat in support of the statements of grounds; confirms the human action in the expansion from the bush savannah to arborous. After defining the characteristics, the follow up tool of the vegetation of the sensor SEVIRI of the satellite MSG is proposed. The corroboration of this new product is done on the basis of a comparative study with those of SPOT-VEGETATION and NOAA-AVHRR, frequently used in the scientific field. After a recall of the essential results of the research, the general conclusion insists on the exploration of solutions for water problems, important for a performing agriculture and a reduced mobility of the pastoral activity. And that passes through the multiplication of studies on the climatic variability, mostly on local scale. The general conclusion shows also the necessity of an approach of multi-sensors for the vegetation follow up. Finally, in order to bring more precisions for the comprehension of the thesis, you will find in the appendix elements concerning the characteristics of satellites as well as the sensors used and a study of cross validation on the techniques of spatial interpolation
Jebali, Abdelkader. "Déclin de la faune Sahélo-Saharienne et tentative de réintroduction d'antilopes dans des habitats restaurés : cas de l'Oryx Algazelle (Oryx Dammah) et de la gazelle Dama (Gazella Dama Mhorr) dans la réserve de faune du Ferlo Nord (Sénégal)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0005.
Full textAmong the main topics that are currently agitating scientists, the unceasing biodiversity decline on a planetary scale raises a major problem which is sparking off as much concern as the global warming. Species disappearance as a result of ecosystem disturbances or from direct pressure on taxa is an undeniable reality. The Sahelo-saharan zone is part of the arid areas which have been badly affected by biological diversity erosion. Several species of antelopes are showing a precarious status or are even extinct. The Saharan cheetah, a potential predator of those antelopes, is now a too rare taxon, partly due to the collapse of its prey populations. Our researches are focused on the reintroduction of the Scimitar-horned oryx and the Mohor gazelle in the Senegalese Ferlo. In the first part the severe decline of the large Sahelo-Saharan fauna is presented, considering the status of a representative sample of six taxa : one bird, the red-necked ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus), and five mammals, the Northern hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus), the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), the Dama gazelle (Gazella dama), the Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) and the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). In the second part, we deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of species reintroduction and with small populations’ issues and the inbreeding related consequences. In the third part, we were interested in the first restoration outcomes of the habitat in which was carried out the reintroduction operation of the Scimitar-horned oryx and the Mohor gazelle, which have both disappeared in the natural environment. Habitat evolution monitoring has been studied by using a cartographic support coming from the interpretation of two satellite images taken at a two years interval. The use of the habitat by the reintroduced animals has been analysed for the two seasons characterizing the sahelian area and eventually the first data on the two antelopes population dynamics were examined in the light of the increasing size of both populations during the first three years. For a better management of next reintroduction operations, the monitoring of the habitat and the population dynamics of the reintroduced antelopes are recommended
Sy, Oumar. "Problématique de la dynamique et de l'aménagement de la zone fluvio-lacustre du Sénégal : un espace rural sahélien." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30031.
Full textThis work synthesizes but supplements also our work on the problems of installation and development in Senegal north: hydro-agricultural and pastoral spaces. This area is characterized by the brittleness of its landscapes, but also by its important potential of development, therefore of development. To study such a space and the raised problems, we specified the variables to be collected and used suitable protocols. The study showed the dominating role of water in the configuration of the landscapes, in particular that of the pond in the installation of the campings, but also of the river through the choices of installation. In the wetlands, the changes relate to the extent of the degradation of the grounds, the weak rate of development and the production. In the dry lands, the strong concentration of the animals around drillings, the improvement of the capacity of the containers and of the performance of the means of transport, beside a space saturated by increasingly important animals, but also nibbled by the cultures, were observed. The land insecurity, the difficulty of access to the credit, the fall of the fertility of the grounds, etc threaten survival of the family small-scale farming. Individual and endogenous strategies are developed. The irregularity and the difficulties of access to water and the variability of the pastures oblige a greater pastoral mobility. Thus, we proposed solutions according to spaces characteristic and a better space distribution of the pressures
Anǧaya, ʿUṯmān. "Socioanthropologie de la santé au Sénégal : l'accès aux soins de santé des populations rurales des régions de Louga et Matam ("zone du Ferlo")." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1067.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the practical implementation of knowledge in the context of access to medical care in Senegal and particularly in the area of "Ferlo”. It is a socio anthropological investigation registered under the scientific research study that aims to achieve an ethnography of public health problems in the "Ferlo" and more specifically the population of that area’s access to health institutions. Our research question is: how to understand and analyze the problems of health care accessibility in Senegal and more specifically in the area of "Ferlo"? It is through examples of regions such as Louga and Matam that our study of the conditions of people’s accessibility to health care is mostly based on. We analyzed the geographical, economical, and sociocultural factors related to the effectiveness of care that determines the health capital of these populations. It appears that the "Ferlo" is a deserted area as far as health infrastructures are concerned, which explains the high rate of morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations including women and children. Apart from that health theme, we also interested in a comparison of living conditions and access to basic social services among urban and rural populations. It comes out from our research study that rural poverty is mainly due to low incomes, basic social services coverage problems, access to credit, water access etc. This study aims also at analyzing the material living conditions inequalities impact on populations’ health status and at identifying possible strategies implemented by families to alleviate the impact of a hostile environment on the health of their offspring. We also interested in the use of different treatment practices. These practices are discussed in the context of knowledge (traditional, popular, medical. . . ), relationships and social roles of which they are part and parcel. It is recognized that risk-sharing community systems, like the pre-financing for future use of health services, are competent to improve equal access to healthcare for rural populations. Our results record a single health insurance scheme in the "Ferlo”, which raises a real problem of management of health benefits costs. This study systematically reviews the methods and strategies developed by the population of the "Ferlo" to support health services costs and medicines. Solidarity is one such strategy. It exists as a self-help and financial support between family members and the community
Cissé, Soukèye. "Etude de la variabilité intra saisonnière des précipitations au Sahel : impacts sur la végétation (cas du Ferlo au Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066177/document.
Full textThe Sahel is characterized by a strong intra-seasonal variability of rainfall. This variability strongly affects ecosystems during the vegetation growth. The objective of this thesis is to characterize this variability at the local scale from the relationship between rainfall and vegetation dynamics, and to identify relevant indicators to better describe the variability in each season. This study is carried out in the Ferlo’s catchment, a basin located in northern Senegal. The first part is devoted to the characterization of the relationship between rainfall anomalies and growth of vegetation from remote sensing data TRMM3B42, RFE 2.0 SM-ECV (Soil Moisture) and MODIS LAI. Aiming that, the Ferlo basin is divided into 9 zones "homogeneous entity", in terms of vegetation cover class and soil type. For each one are analyzed the rain data from both databases, soil moisture and LAI over the period 2000-2010. In a second time, with a vegetation model adapted to the region forced by satellite rain fields, the LAI is simulated on several entities and is compared to the MODIS LAI, applying on the simulations the same methodologies as for observations. The results of this study show consistency between rainfall variations with both databases and soil moisture. The LAI variations are more strongly correlated with the soil moisture variations than with the rainfall. On the Ferlo, we observe that vegetation needs two weeks to respond to rainfall anomalies during the rainy season. At the season scale, the starting date of the rainy season does not affect the maximum LAI, unlike the duration and intensity of the dry spells. Entities located on sandy soil (ferruginous) have better sensitivity to rainfall fluctuations as those located on lithosoils. In addition, on entities located in the Southeast, the density of the shrub and tree vegetation induces a different phenological cycle than those of the herbaceous (lag of the maximum LAI). The model STEP, initialized with satellite rainfall data, reproduces after adjustment the vegetation growth stage in the entities where grassland dominates. The response of the simulated LAI to the rain anomalies is consistent with those observed, confirming the interpretation of observations. This study allowed to define the most relevant parameters that affect the dynamics of vegetation but also to highlight the capabilities of the model to describe the seasonal cycle of vegetation
Ndiaye, Mbaye. "Systèmes de production et mutations des paysages ruraux dans la basse vallée du Ferlo au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519417.
Full textDiouf, Massamba. "Santé bucco-dentaire et déterminants socio-culturels chez les populations sénégalaises du Ferlo : étude épidémio-anthropologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5006.
Full textThe objective of this work was to study the oral health and its determinants part and to understand the socio-cultural representations related to dentistry in Fulani populations in the Ferlo. To do this, we conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study a mixed character with a quantitative and qualitative component 300 people for the quantitative component and 50 for the quality. It was apparent from this study that men were more likely than women with a sex ratio (male/female) 1.2. The average age was 36.13 ±14. Almost half of the sample was breeders and the proportion of persons educated or literate was relatively low (22%). The consumption of milk in liquid form of meat sheep, vegetables or leaves was very frequent. It was the active smoking with the consumption of alcohol commonly referred to as "boulfale" (eau de Cologne between 45 and 90 °) was 11% of the sample. Relation to hygiene practices, 76.3% had no toothbrush while 88.6% used the toothpick at least once per day. The prevalence of dental caries was over 90% and the needs of periodontal treatments were close to 50%. Compared to the General pathologies, 16% of the sample were hypertensive; almost 21 per cent had a declared digestive pathology. More than 70% of the sample (71.3%) were the traditional therapeutic use. The DMFT was associated with the digestive pathology and the types of care used on the age- and sex-adjusted. Periodontal indices were broadly higher in hypertensive patients. On the qualitative level, Ferlo Pulaar felt that dental disease could have a dual causality even if a vast majority originally was a natural
Marega, Oumar. "Changements socio-environnementaux et évolution des pratiques agropastorales en Afrique sahélienne : étude comparée entre le Ferlo (Sénégal), le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC228/document.
Full textIn a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara
Fall, Ababacar. "Le Ferlo sénégalais : approche géographique de la vulnérabilité des anthroposystèmes sahéliens." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131028.
Full textThe pastoral anthroposystem of Senegalese Ferlo evolves in an environment historically neglected by agricultural policies because of its characteristics particular biophysics, unfavorable to the agriculture and to the shape of development other than the extensive breeding. This primacy of the itinerant breeding is nowadays more and more disputed by the development of the farming in a context marked by the improvement of the conditions of the rainfall in West-African Sahel, soil depletion in the Groundnut Basin and the multiplication of agricultural development at the valley of the Senegal River. By combining the analysis of remote sensing imagery for mapping land cover changes by the vegetation cover, the study of flora and vegetation landscape and the exploitation of the investigations in villages and camps, this thesis attempts to define the geography of the vulnerability of rural populations and ecosystems which they use. So, pastoralists evolve with daily adaptation strategies in these circles inside Senegal marked by deep ecological instability and by the transformations at work in the Senegalese rural society. These socio-environmental changes contribute to the dynamics of plant landscapes and raise the question of ecosystem degradation
Dione, Mamadou. "Recherches expérimentales sur le gommier Acacia sénégal dans le Ferlo sénégalais." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30158.
Full textDia, Souleymane. "Les Niayes du nord (Sénégal). Evolution d'une région littorale en crise." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL384.
Full textFaye, Evariste. "La ville de Thiès au Sénégal, dans sa proche région rurale, quelle politique d'environnement durable ?" Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL005.
Full textThe notion sustainable environment recognized as an international watch-word stemming from awareness of earth capacities considering societies evolution and their environment, prove the significance of this environment study at a local level. This concerns a city and its near rural area : Thiès city in Senegal and its neighbouring villages. This urban, per urban and rural adjoining areas present actually many environment and development problems. Right now it's a matter of urgency to act for the protection of the environment in the short and long term, which is a guarantee of sustainable development of the area
Thiam, Mohamed. "Politiques de développement rural au Sénégal : l'exemple de l'élevage semi-nomade des Peul dans le sud-ouest du Ferlo : une activité en crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23003.
Full textIn a sahel region of africa, animal production is first of all the business of the peul people; therefore trying to improve it means looking for a rise in a rise in the standard of living of this community. The south west of ferio is a zone of contact as well as a zone of permanent conflicts between the defenders of two systems of extensive production: one is pastoral supported by the4 peul, and the other is agriculture defended by the wolof and serer famers. The oppositions and rivalities provoked by these two systems strengthen the competition and the brawels between social groups. Now minority in the zone, the livestok rearers are loosers in the villages they have set up. Draught, overgrazing, the dispersion of livestock farmers, the lack of marketing infrastructures, of remunerative prices, of policies of planning together of rural organisation and development put the livestock into a state of quasi-perpetual crisis. Faced with this two-fold contraint of endemic as well as structural nature, the rearers have adoped adapta tive strategies to sustain their activity and for income resource diversification
Dasylva, Sylvestre. "Les bas-fonds des sables dunaires de la région de Dakar : potentialités agricoles et contraintes urbaines." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010578.
Full textNinot, Olivier. "Vie de relations, organisation de l'espace et développement en Afrique de l'Ouest : la région de Tambacounda au Sénégal." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL499.
Full textAfrica experiences intensive, old and new continental mobility in spite of a marginal situation in the world trade. Mobility is imperative in the contemporary Senegal. The shapes, the targets and the causes of mobility are becoming various. The region of Tambacounda is rural, has a low density of population and is badly linked to the national centre of economic and social life. In this region, traffics show off two phenomenons. On the one hand, the traffics concentrate onto the main road to Dakar. This testifies that the regional development depends on national structures. On the other hand, local poles and networks, based upon local dynamism, are raising. Those both phenomenons show off a transition for Senegal. The country is changing its frames for development and organisation of space
Aidara, Daha Cherif. "Approche géographique de la santé et du développement au Sénégal : l'exemple de la région de Kédougou." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL007.
Full textDiop, Djibril. "Dynamiques territoriales, décentralisation et enjeux de développement local dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal : cas des communautés rurales de la région de Matam." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010519.
Full textFaye, Adji Astou. "L'espace économique et social de la femme dans une région du Sénégal : Kaolack." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100052.
Full textDiedhiou, Sécou Omar. "Agriculture et sécurité alimentaire urbaine à Ziguinchor (Sénégal)." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2011.
Full textUrban agriculture is fundamental to the food security of both farmers and urban dwellers. Based on the triptych of territorial development, this thesis demonstrates this assertion by crossing the constructivist approach chosen to elaborate the triptych with a monographic approach, the city of Ziguinchor in Senegal. In the absence of official statistics, three methodological steps were taken to study the interrelationships between urban agriculture and food security. Quantitative, the first relied on the submission of questionnaires (538 submitted to farmers and 160 to vegetable merchants) when the second referred to 51 direct and semi-direct interviews. The last focused on the analysis of the evolution. By selecting the "accessibility" and "availability" aspects of food security, our results indicate that urban agriculture contributes in the first place to ensuring the food security of farmers themselves, through their direct production, but also indirectly through the sale on the local market, the income being often used to purchase commodities. The use of the territorial development triptych to demonstrate this is relevant. The input by the three poles "actor, space, resource" allows to combine the current processes by weighting them. Among these processes, the most questioning for the future refers to the increasing fragility of Ziguinchoroise agriculture in the absence of proactive local public policy
Ponsot, Roger. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement hygrothermique des matériaux locaux de construction en région dakaroise." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA120041.
Full textDieng, Mbaye. "Réseaux et systèmes de télécommunications dans une région périphérique du Sénégal : Ziguinchor en Casamance." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356029.
Full textThiam, Ibrahima. "Stratégies des exploitations agropastorales de Thieul [Ferlo-Sénégal] dans un contexte d'incertitudes sur les ressources naturelles productives." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000716/.
Full textThe Rural District of Thieul, located in the South Sahel component of the Senegalese Ferlo Natural Region, is south enclosed by the Peanut area. In addition to the repeated climatic crises in the Sahel countries (droughts), these are new socio-economic and demographic pressures, negative political and institutional tendencies on Productive Natural Resources with land tenure crisis. These are all factors that can lead to uncertainties, vulnerability and poverty if there are no reactions. Therefore, dealing with this new environmental production context, characterised by Productive Natural Resource Rarefaction, the Agro-pastoral Farmers of The Thieul Rural Community has developed new strategies, based on also material and immaterial Capitals implementation in channel production. Strategies are also based on capacity building and capabilities that permit diversification in family production activities, innovations for sustainable rural livelihoods
Diallo, Mamadou Cellou Bogoma. "Etude de la composition botanique des régimes alimentaires des ruminants domestiques (bovins, ovins et caprins) en région soudano-sahélienne par analyse histologique des fèces : approche méthodologique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20200.
Full textDione, Yangane. "Participation du public et politiques d'accès à l'eau potable en milieu rural sénégalais : les associations d'usagers des réseaux d'eau potable dans la région de Saint Louis." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2369/.
Full textPublic participation and policies for access to drinking water in the rural areas of Senegal. The associations of the users of drinking water networks in the region of Saint Louis. This thesis is an attempt to analyse how communication is carried out by drinking water management agencies in the Saint Louis region, Senegal. Based on a case study, that of Lampsar's ASUREP (Association of the users of drinking water networks), it shows that territorial and cultural proximity does not automatically encourage villagers to speak during local dabates organized by the public authorities. Besides, these institutional public debates tend to intensify misunderstanding. These disagreements are then expressed in associations' meetings, and also in traditional meeting places (the street, the marketplace, the lake, the drinking fountain, etc. ). The multiplication of the autonomous public spaces in villages, especially associations, contribute to change the forms in which populations are involved in public affairs. They undertake actions that go against traditional practices (blocking roads, damaging " public " utilities. . . ) These forms of demonstration show the emergence of a " public space " seeking its own independence from political and traditional authorities (chief of village, religious leader. . . )
Sagna, Marie Rosalie. "Impact de la microfinance sur l'empowerment des femmes et la lutte contre la pauvreté dans la région de Ziguinchor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26051.
Full textThis present research examines the impact of microfinance on the transformations of the economic, social and political status of the women in the region of Ziguinchor, situated in the southwest of Senegal. The examination covers the social representations which they have of the poverty and the strengthening of their power to act (" empowerment "), at the individual, family and collective level. It is also interested in the strategies developed by the women to meet the requirements of the microfinance. To seize better the logics which base choices and actions of the women, we opted for a qualitative methodology. It is based on structured interviews. Our sampling is non-probability by reasoned choice centered on a voluntary basis. Our criteria of inclusion are the age, the experience and the place of residence. The study was conducted with thirty women and with eight members of staff of organizations of microfinance. The data were also collected by of our observations and secondary sources. The theoretical approaches of "gender and development" and "strategic actor" guided this study. These put the women in the center of the analysis of the relationships of power and the social change. They helped to understand the logics of the women, their représentations, life experiences and strategies, in particular their subjective experience. We can observe three different situations within the results. The first is related with the persistence of a multilevel poverty linked with the large monetary level and the lifestyle conditions level too. The second one shows a limited impact on the empowerment of the women and the living conditions in their families. The third one explains how the economic and political context of Ziguinchor limits the empowerment of women and the improvement of living conditions in their household.
Servant, Sylvie. "Variabilité des propriétés physico-chimiques d'exsudats d'Acacia senegal (gomme arabique) d'une plantation expérimentale au Ferlo (Sénégal). Modification des chaînes." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES045.
Full textKone, Adama. "Impacts socioéconomiques de l'utilisation de la jachère forestière améliorée pour la récupération des terres salées dans la région de Kaolack, au Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30004/30004.pdf.
Full textChevalier, Véronique. "Fièvre de la vallée du Rift et fièvre West Nile : risques sanitaires liés à l'exploitation des mares temporaires du Ferlo (Sénégal)." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T003.
Full textYatera, Samba. "Migration et développement dans la région du fleuve Sénégal. : le rôle des associations d'immigrés mauritaniens." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE2020.
Full textThe african immigrants' specificity is not only in their capacity to put by to help their families who stay in their village. Now immigrants don't privilege symbolic actions which is quite useless to development. We can notice, because of the mobilisation of collective identityn that the immigrants introduce in their village a socio-economic transformation process. To face up to the disengagement state in several sectors, they have built schools, welfare centres. To go in search of partners is also becoming leaders associations' target. These one can, with certains o. N. G. , invest with productive sectors (market-gardening, irrigate "perimeters"). The immigrants, by their dynamism, participate to the development of their region
Bouba, Fanta. "Système d'information décisionnel sur les interactions environnement-santé : cas de la Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift au Ferlo (Sénégal)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066461/document.
Full textOur research is in part of the QWeCI european project (Quantifying Weather and Climate Impacts on Health in Developing Countries, EU FP7) in partnership with UCAD, the CSE and the IPD, around the theme of environmental health with the practical case on vector-borne diseases in Senegal and particularly the Valley Fever (RVF). The health of human and animal populations is often strongly influenced by the environment. Moreover, research on spread factors of vector-borne diseases such as RVF, considers this issue in its dimension both physical and socio-economic. Appeared in 1912-1913 in Kenya, RVF is a widespread viral anthropo-zoonosis in tropical regions which concerns animals but men can also be affected. In Senegal, the risk area concerns mainly the Senegal River Valley and the forestry-pastoral areas Ferlo. With a Sahelian climate, the Ferlo has several ponds that are sources of water supply for humans and livestock but also breeding sites for potential vectors of RVF. The controlling of the RVF, which is crossroads of three (03) large systems (agro-ecological, pathogen, economic/health/social), necessarily entails consideration of several parameters if one wants to first understand the mechanisms emergence but also consider the work on risk modeling. Our work focuses on the decision making process for quantify the use of health data and environmental data in the impact assessment for the monitoring of RVF. Research teams involved produce data during their investigations periods and laboratory analyzes. The growing flood of data should be stored and prepared for correlated studies with new storage techniques such as datawarehouses. About the data analysis, it is not enough to rely only on conventional techniques such as statistics. Indeed, the contribution on the issue is moving towards a predictive analysis combining both aggregate storage techniques and processing tools. Thus, to discover information, it is necessary to move towards datamining. Furthermore, the evolution of the disease is strongly linked to environmental spatio-temporal dynamics of different actors (vectors, viruses, and hosts), cause for which we rely on spatio-temporal patterns to identify and measure interactions between environmental parameters and the actors involved. With the decision-making process, we have obtained many results :i. following the formalization of multidimensional modeling, we have built an integrated datawarehouse that includes all the objects that are involved in managing the health risk - this model can be generalized to others vector-borne diseases;ii. despite a very wide variety of mosquitoes, Culex neavei, Aedes ochraceus and Aedes vexans are potential vectors of FVR. They are most present in the study area and, during the rainy season period which is most prone to suspected cases; the risk period still remains the month of October;iii. the analyzed ponds have almost the same behavior, but significant variations exist in some points.This research shows once again the interest in the discovery of relationships between environmental data and the FVR with datamining methods for the spatio-temporal monitoring of the risk of emergence
Ndiaye, Mouhamadou Lamine. "La fonction des émigrés dans les stratégies de développement rural : voie pour le Sénégal ? : exemple de la région de Tambacounda." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010613.
Full textThe strategies of rural development used in senegal since independence have brought about a hard situation of crisis of which the obvious expression is emigration towards countries such as france. Those emigrants, most of them coming from the area of "fleuve senegal", from "tambacounda" have tried by means of sending money to support the people staying at home. Considering the limited market of work in the welcoming countries and the permanent eronon of the conditions of living in the local countries, another reaction was necessary. This will be cristalized in the development village associations. Slowlypropelled in the foregrand these associations take another aspect of development, a rural and fair development based on the joining of those who stay in the village. These associations, locally are putting foward another approach of the working out of the senegalese rural space
Top, Arame. "Évolution des systèmes de production agricole dans un contexte de changement climatique et de migration et effet de genre dans les trois zones éco-géographiques de la région de Matam au Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20030/document.
Full textThe development of production systems in a global context and such kind of effect in the Matam region aims to introduce mutations in a traditional development environment based on crop rotation and seasonal and spatial alternation in context of irrigated agriculture through the waters of the Senegal River. This context is part of a state policy Senegalese anxious to boost household food security of the river valley rocked by a violent climate crisis which hit nearly two decades. These populations heavily dependent decline integrated culture in a traditional production system that highlighted the livestock, fisheries, rainfed agriculture, seasonal migration, saw their hopes dashed survival. Commissioning of dam Diaman and Manantali, registered in the 0MVS program (development of the Senegal River) between riparian countries (Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea and Mali) significantly reduced the occurrence of floods. This program, which had vast ambitions confiscated the life of riverine populations of the river hindsight flood the Senegal River. These people, whose seasonal migration was part of their production system, adopted a long-term migration to ensure food security of households left the village. The irrigated farming system implemented through irrigation schemes, requires greater human resources and flood recession cultivation and higher production costs
Sène, Papa. "Le point de vue des principaux de collège de la région de Fatick (Sénégal) sur l'efficacité des conseils de gestion et le support offert par le projet d'appui à l'enseignement moyen (PAEM/CLASSE)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18400.
Full textDiallo, Fatoumata. "Participation à l'exploitation et à la gestion des ressources naturelles : L'exemple des agricultrices de Mboro, région de Thiès au Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30085/30085.pdf.
Full textSeck, Momar Talla. "Etude des paramphistomidae et des gastrothylacidae parasites de bovins dans la région de Kolda (Sénégal) : epidemiologie, ultrastructure et relations avec les trematodes associés chez les ruminants." Corte, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CORT3092.
Full textAn epidemiologyc and ultrastructural study on Paramphistomoidea parasites of bovine ( Bos taurus)was carried in Senegal, in the area of Kolda. This research allowed us to identify ten species of two families:Paramphistomidae and gastrothylacidae. Seven species have been reported for the first in Senegal ( Paramphistomum daubneyi, Cotylophoron fülleborni,Cotylophoron macrosphinctris, Carmyerius chabaudi,Carmyerius endopapillatus , Carmyerius parvipapillatus ) and among these, one new has been discovered : Carmyerius marchandin. Sp. The three others ( Paramphistomum microbothrium, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Carmyerius exoporus) had already been found in Senegal. In the bovines, the paramphistomosis diagnosed in mature parasites has an average prevalence of 48,42%,mother higher than the 2. 36% of prevalence obtained from eggs emitted in the feces. This result shows a low relation between the presence of the mature parasites and the eggs emission ( X2 =6. 28,contngency coefficient=0. 13). The associated trematodosis (dicrocoeliosis, fasciolosis and schistosomosis) have low prevalences. In the small ruminants , the paramphistomosis is sporadic with an average prevalence of 2. 69% on sheep on goats. Paramphistomoidea adults , depending on family, cause more or less important lesions in the rumen, the final microhabitat of thes parasites. Six mollusc species ( Bulinus forskalii, Bulinus senegalensis,Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus umbilicatus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Lymnaea natalensis) potential intermediate hosts of the trematotes, have been identified and studied. None of the these pulmonate gastropods has been naturally infested by Paramphistomoidea cerceria. However, 23% of Biomphalaria pfeifferi have been naturally infested by furcocercaria of Schistosoma mansoni. The experimental study of the biological cycle of Paramphistomum microbothrium allowed us to highlight a good experimental intermediate host ( Bulinus forskalii) with a rate of success of 50. 98% of and a real percentage of infestation of 35. 29%. The experimental infestation of young bovines, at different stages of maturation of the metacercaria with an optimum at four weeks. We carried out also an ultrastructural study of the spermiogenesis and spermatozoon of five Paramphistomoidea, which allowed us to show ultrastuctural characteristics to each species. The work appears a like good phylogenetic tool and should contribute in future studies to specify the taxonomy of Paramphistomoidea. Lastly, we propose struggle strategies in order to stop the cycles of the trematodes
Diallo, Don Minelphe. "Analyse des systèmes de production maraîchers de la région des Niayes au Sénégal, et politique de mise en valeur à leur égard." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10030.
Full textStudy of the senagalese truck gardening with its physical, human and technical aspects. Analysis of the production systems in order to know better its working. Systematic approach of the rural development showing the other activities of the countryman, the difficultes and the progress. The niayes area is very insecure because there isn't any coordination in the development program for the truck gardening
Gaye, Aliou. "Tourisme et patrimoine culturel : valorisations,enjeux et stratégies de développement local á l’île de Gorée et en pays Bassari." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2015.
Full textThis thesis attempts to examine the ambivalent relationship between tourism and cultural heritage on the island of Goree and in Bassari country, both promoted to World Heritage of Humanity. She wonders about the construction of the collective memories of slavery, colonial legacies, territorial identities and cultural landscapes through the setting in heritage and the tourism of heritage resources. By studying the role of actors in the protection of heritage assets and the appropriation of space, it seeks to analyze political, socio-cultural, economic and environmental issues, examine tourist imaginations and social representations, and redefine local development. The aim is to show how tourism can contribute to the revitalization of these territories, in a context where local cultures are threatened by the contrasting effects of globalization, and where corruption is still present. If the patrimonialization process represents a renewal for local authorities, what heritage and institutional policy can tourism professionals and heritage experts undertake in the face of the memory tensions and territorial and identity claims that this mechanism provokes ?
Diongue, Momar. "Périurbanisation différentielle : mutations et réorganisation de l'espace à l'est de la région dakaroise (Diamniadio, Sangalkam, Yéné), Sénégal." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100076.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze the relationships between urban sprawl and territorialisation, focusing on the crucial issue of metropolitan suburbs governance. In Western Africa large cities, suburbs are involved in complex spatial, socioeconomic, political and managerial transformations, in a context of decentralization. To analyze these transformations as well as the new dynamics of regulation they entail, we have adopted a territorial approach. At the micro scale, we try to understand the dynamics of urban sprawl through the weight of local contexts. At the meso scale of the whole set of suburbs, residential and economic developments are linked to the logics of actors and managerial practices. We try to understand the mechanisms of spatial transformations and their consequences on urban management. At the macro level, we are focusing on Dakar metropolisation. Field surveys have been conducted within three local authorities, Diamniadio, Sangalkam and Yene, in order to study mechanisms, practices and logics of actors. Diamniadio, Sangalkam and Yene have specific local characteristics and, taking into account the major urban sprawl axis, they are located differently. In these three local authorities, processes of differentiation have been observed both at intra and inter territorial scales, which breaks with the former model center-periphery and reflects a new polycentric and multifunctional evolution in the Eastern suburbs
Thiam, Sidy. "Suivi des écosystèmes sahéliens à partir de la télédétection satellitaire : application au delta intérieur du Niger (Mali) et à la région du lac de Guiers (Sénégal)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010696.
Full textDiop, Joseph. "Dynamiques locales et construction territoriale : approche socio-anthropologique du processus de développement local dans la Commune rurale de Fandène (Thiès – Sénégal)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20016/document.
Full textHow to give an account of the dialectical relationship between the density of social interactions and the building of development in a local system of action which the territory can constitute? This is the key question which our thesis tries to answer. The issues of local development are posed with regards to processes carried out by actors of all kinds, registered in contexts of building their territory. The rural municipality of Fandène is a laboratory rich for experimentation of development practices. As such, Fandène is ideal for studying the act of reaching the local, the actor and, to penetrate into the heart of the action, hidden social situations; where the logic of action and the strategies of actors are muddled in the everyday life of projects and development initiatives. Thus, the socioanthropology of development turned out to be useful in addressing these questions and promoted the use of the systematic approach to analyze interactions, on the one hand, the interactions both in the local organizations (EIG, FPG), and between them and the agencies of Development (NGO), and, on the other hand, the motivations of the actors to take part in the so-called development. With observations, interviews and questionnaires, the field inquiry allowed for the collection of data on the actors and created social relationships, whose analysis allowed for, among other things, the start of an incomplete but interesting, ''profiling'' of certain actors, based on the motives and intentions of participating in collective action
Ndiaye, Léna Diamé. "Le travail en réseau comme enjeu dans l'offre de services en santé mentale de l'enfant dans la région de Dakar au Sénégal : une analyse écosystémique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27981/27981.pdf.
Full textDaff, Amadou Talla. "Des Toucouleurs originaires de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal dans la région parisienne depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131018.
Full textBakhoum, Mame Thierno. "Écologie et taxonomie intégrative des moucherons piqueurs du genre Culicoides Latreille (Diptera Ceratopogonidae) en région Afrotropicale." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0012/document.
Full textIn a context of emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases, certain species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are involved in the transmission of certain viruses (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) and nematodes (Onchocercidae: Mansonella) in the Afrotropical region. However, the systematic and taxonomic schemes as well as the bio-ecology of species of veterinary interest remain to be explored. This work of integrative taxonomy aims to achieve (i) a systematic and taxonomic revision of species belonging to subgenera and groups of veterinary interest using a multi-marker molecular phylogeny and species delineation, and (ii) to develop molecular tools for studying the bioecology of species of veterinary interest and dynamics of their immature populations. Our results show (i) the presence of three monophyletic clades, the Imicola group, the Milnei group and the subgenus Remmia, (ii) a new species for science named C. sp. # 22 and affiliated into the subgenus Avaritia, Imicola group, (iii) the presence of a new undescribed species named C. sp. # 54 belonging to the Dasyops group, subgenus Avaritia, (iii) affiliating the Similis and Neavei species groups to the subgenus Synhelea, and (iv) cryptic species within C. oxystoma (subgenus Remmia). From a bioecological point of view, this work combining entomological follow-up and molecular identification with a library of barcode sequences allowed to describe the trophic behavior of C. imicola, C. kingi and C. oxystoma as well as their larval habitats in equine environments of the Niayes area in Senegal. This work completes the corpus of knowledge about the genus Culicoides in the Afrotropical region to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of the transmitted pathogens and to propose research tracks to better control the immature and adult populations of the vector species in order to better anticipate and prevent Culicoides-borne diseases outbreaks
Ba, N'Deye Fatoumata. "Analyse multicritère pour la priorisation des interventions en matière d'approvisionnement en eau en milieu rural au Sénégal: cas de la région de Diourbel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26774/26774.pdf.
Full textMany programs and projects for water resources management are initiated in Senegal to satisfy an increasing demand for water, especially in rural areas. The lack of sufficient funding requires that these projects be spread over time. Therefore, prior to any technical or economic feasibility study, it is necessary to identify the higher priority areas. This study presents a multicriteria analysis for ranking rural subareas in Senegal, in particular in the region of Diourbel, in terms of prioroities of water supply needs. After having identified the objectives related to water supply on the regional scale, six quantitative and qualitative priority criteria were defined. These criteria pertain to the available water quality, the available quantity of water for domestic needs, the distance to water distribution points, the availability of water for agriculture, the acceptability of water costs and the development potential of a rural subarea. The achievement of the objective which consists in supporting the cattle farming is however not measured due to lack of data. Indicators are proposed for each criterion based on the data available at the time of the study. Criteria weights were obtained from various water resource management stakeholders in Senegal. It’s a region essentially feed by mediocre quality groundwater and where the lack of good water quality is recurrent. Our multicriteria analysis leads to the ranking of eight districts of the Diourbel region in terms of intervention priority. A sensitivity analysis enabled us to evaluate the effect of the criteria weights on the districts ranking. Our experience with this project has brought forward the difficulties associated with conducting a multicriteria analysis in the Senegalese context, while emphasizing promising application possibilities.
Ebrahimi-Yeganeh, Fatemeh. "Les problèmes alimentaires dans la région soudano-sahélienne de l'Afrique occidentale : les cas du Burkina-Faso, du Mali, du Niger et du Sénégal." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30055.
Full textCisse, Idrissa. "Bassin d'approvisionnement en combustibles ligneux de Bakel (Sénégal) : la transcription spatiale d'une filière transfrontalière pour alimenter une petite ville." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100036.
Full textIn Senegal, wood fuels are a source of income for thousands of people and the main cooking energy for nearly 70% of the population. In Bakel and similar secondary towns, dependency can be as high as 90% of the population, and harvesting takes place over relatively long distances. In this context, the question of the limits and organisation of supply basins arises. This thesis proposes to examine the Bakel supply basin from a multi-secular perspective that can account for its original structure. The analysis of the various structuring elements of the basin highlights the primacy of legal differentials accentuated by decentralization and the interplay of actors in the sector over resource localization criteria. From a spatial point of view, the distance from the urban centre does not seem to be the only logical explanation for the withdrawal zones: these are more located according to cultural and social criteria, as well as local regulations.The study examines in particular the role played by the triple border between Mali, Mauritania and Senegal in the flow of fuelwood to Bakel and its consequences in terms of cooperation in the management of wood resources. Finally, the study examines woodfuel consumption practices and the structuring of the supply chain in the heart of Bakel city. A quantification of supply and consumption practices makes it possible to highlight the maintenance of wood energy in the practices of the inhabitants, but also the weight of informal actors in the functioning of the sector within the city. These elements plead in favour of a form of planning for the sector, but also for the spaces that participate in it, whether the city as a privileged place of consumption or the whole basin, notably by developing official cross-border cooperation on this issue
Sow, Abdourahmane. "Emergences virales en Afrique de l’ouest, dynamique et modélisation, l’exemple des arboviroses émergentes et ré-émergentes dans l'écosystème de Kédougou, Sénégal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0949/document.
Full textLocated in southeastern Senegal, the Kedougou region is considered as an endemic zone for arboviruses with periodic amplifications every 4 to 6 years, as foreseen for the dynamic of the infection by the yellow fever virus (YFV). However, few data are available on the human specific circulation concern for arboviruses in humans in the region. In addition, the Kedougou region has been marked since the early 2000’s by a considerable socio-economic and demographic development that is to be addressed for changing the spreading of arboviruses with human concern in the area. Our research aimed to assess the dynamic of the circulation of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses in the ecosystem of Kedougou, southeastern Senegal, located close to the border of Mali and Guinea. Hence, we have set up a multidisciplinary (epidemiological, entomological and virological) sentinel surveillance system, carried out a CHIKV seroprevalence study and finally carried out modeling studies in to identify environmental determinants related to the emergence of arboviruses in the region. This system has detected an amplification of CHIKV and YFV sylvatic cycle respectively in 2009 and 2011 associated with a human circulation of these viruses with 20 identified cases of Chikungunya in 2009 and 13 confirmed and 10 probable cases of yellow fever in 2011. Concurrently, adaptation to the domestic context of the Aedes aegypti mosquito competent vector, uncontrolled urbanization, massive migration of populations as well as the movement of livestock have been found as potential factors contributing to the emergence and spreading of arboviruses. This multidisciplinary observatory model combined with mathematical modeling tools, geographic information system and the development of molecular epidemiology and genomics should be extended to other West African countries to strengthen the arboviruses surveillance and anticipate the emergence of epidemics through the implementation of prevention and effective control strategies
Khalfaoui, Jean-Luc. "Approche de l'amélioration génétique de l'adaptation à la sécheresse des espèces cultivées en zones semi-arides : application au cas de l'arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.) destinée à la région sèche du Sénégal." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112305.
Full textAn integrated approach to the genetic improvement of the adaptation to drought of species cultivated in semi-arid zones is proposed. It involves the indentification of bioclimatological, physiological and genetic factors that could be used in designing selection programs appropriate for each particular case of drought and for each species. This approach is used in a case-study involving peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L. ) in the semi-arid zone of Senegal. Two regions with different types of drought were identified on the basis of bioclimatological studies. For each region, the improvement in specific adaptive characteristics is needed, that are determined by a physiological approach. In the Northerm region of Senegal which, for the last eighteen years, has had to face a decrease in the length of the rainy season, a reduction of the growth cycle of varieties in extension is required. One study has shown that the genetic difference responsible for the difference in maturity at harvest between the early variety and the recommended variety is due to a few genes. This allows the use of a back-cross method to create new varieties. Ln the Central region of Senegal which is subjected to periods of drought during the growing season, varieties which exhibit some adaptive physiological charcacteristics are needed. Genetic studies have helped define the ideotype and its polygenic heredity. Heredity and genotype dispersion of good characteristics lead to an improvement program essentially based on a recurrent selection method adapted to autogamous plants
Sene, Papa. "Le point de vue des principaux de collège de la région de Fatick (Sénégal) sur l'efficacité des conseils de gestion et le support offert par le projet d'appui à l'enseignement moyen (PAEM/classe)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23880/23880.pdf.
Full textOuvrier, Mary-Ashley. "Anthropologie de la recherche médicale en milieu rural sénégalais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32091.
Full textThis thesis documents the social dynamics that occur in a rural context in Senegal — the area of Toudinga— where essentially demographic and medical research have been held since 1964 by the IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement) formerly Orstom (Office de la recherche scientifique dans les territoires d’outre-Mer). At the crossroads of medical anthropology and African ethnology and sociology of science and organizations, the theoretical position adopted in this thesis allows for the examination of numerous social aspects related to medical research in sub-Saharan Africa. This PhD deals with the social organisation of the area of Toudinga. It describes the representations of medical research and the interactions between the research professionnals and the inhabitants of the region and highlights the influence of historic, identity and instititional factors on the local construction of ethics. Futhermore, this work examines wider thematics related the anthropology of medical research such as the influence of the social context on the consentent collection (gender, age group, gift and conter-gift), the impact of medical research on local medical care and the analysis of blood stealing rumors