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Journal articles on the topic 'Senegal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 April 2025

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1

SYCHRA, OLDŘICH, IVAN LITERÁK, TOMÁŠ NAJER, MIROSLAV ČAPEK, PETR KOUBEK, and PETR PROCHÁZKA. "Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from estrildid finches (Aves: Passeriformes: Estrildidae) and louse-flies (Insecta: Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from birds in Senegal, with descriptions of three new species of the genus Brueelia." Zootaxa 2714, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2714.1.3.

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Descriptions and illustrations are given for three new species of the genus Brueelia Kéler from estrildid finches (Estrildidae) from Senegal. They and their type hosts are: B. fasciata from Amadina fasciata, B. senegala from Lagonosticta senegala and B. cantans from Euodice cantans. Records of three other louse species of the genus Myrsidea Waterston from estrildid finches and records of louse-flies (Hippoboscidae) from birds in Senegal are also given.

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Zeleke, Gizachew, Tatek Dejene, Wubalem Tadesse, and Pablo Martín-Pinto. "Gum Arabic Production and Population Status of Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton in Dryland Forests in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111671.

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Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton is a multi-purpose dryland tree species that produces gum arabic, a commercially valuable product. However, this resource is underused in Ethiopian dryland areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the population status and potential gum yield of S. senegal growing in natural stands in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia. Forty-five sample plots, each measuring 20 × 20 m, were established at 500 m intervals along transects, with 1 m2 subplots located within the main plots to determine regeneration. S. senegal trees with a diameter at breast height of between 2 and 12 cm were most prevalent. Forty-two tree species were associated with S. senegal, of which 16 were gum- and resin-producing species. S. senegal was positively associated with Vachellia tortilis, Senegalia mellifera, Vachellia nilotica, Commiphora edulis, and Dobera glabra. Senegalia senegal comprised approximately 35% of regenerating trees. The maximum gum arabic yield obtained was 3948 g tree−1. Linear models of dendrometric variables indicated that gum arabic yield is better predicted by tree diameter than by height. Despite the limitations of this pioneer survey, the population status and yield potential suggest that gum arabic could be sustainably produced and commercialized in natural stands of S. senegal in the studied dryland areas, providing local communities with supplementary seasonal incomes.

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Moss, Charles, Samba Mbaye, Anwar Naseem, and James Oehmke. "Did the Plan Sénégal Emergent Affect Cropping Decisions in the Senegal River Basin?" Economies 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6030042.

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One of the basic debates in African development is whether agriculture can be the instrument for the transformation of a rural economy. A common question is whether agricultural policies can provide the impetus to move agriculture in developing economies from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Senegal’s Plan Sénégal Emergent (PSE) provides a data point in this discussion. Senegal and international donors invested in agricultural supply chains starting in 2012 to facilitate the emergence of commercial agriculture for peanuts, rice, and vegetables. This study focuses on these investments in the Senegal River Valley of northern Senegal. The empirical results presented in this study provide evidence that farms in the Senegal River Valley impacted by PSE have moved away from subsistence agriculture by planting more hectares in commercial crops.

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Ndiaye, Bara. "The political crisis of 1962 in Senegal and its portrayal in the media." Echa Przeszłości, no. XXV/1 (August 31, 2024): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/ep.10513.

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Research thesis: Mamadou Dia's early removal from power blocked Senegal's independent development for decades. To verify the above thesis, this article analyzes historical and media sources presenting political events and the key figures who participated in the events of 1962 in Senegal. The relationship between Léopold Sédar Senghor and Mamadou Dia, the causes of the crisis, its portrayal in the media, and the resulting consequences for Senegal were explored. Attempts were made to answer the following questions: What were the causes of the crisis? Who was the protagonist of the conflict? How did the media report on the events of December 1962? How did the crisis affect the fate of Senegal?

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Hale, Terrel D. "The Cartesian Model and Dependency in Mitterrand's African Policy: the Case of Senegal." Itinerario 10, no. 2 (July 1986): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300007579.

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Senegal's relationship with France from the very beginning was marked by dependency. Economic, political and cultural life in Senegal revolved around the metropole — the highly centralized administrative and political institutions of France located in Paris dominated the Senegalese periphery. But Senegal's dependency was not merely economic or political. French policies towards Senegal primarily aimed at intellectual and cultural goals and were in some cases economic and political liabilities to the metropole. In this respect, the Senegalese case did not correspond to traditional theories of dependency which stress the overall importance of economic interests. Furthermore, the nature of this dependency does not appear to have significantly altered, although the political orientation of the French government has changed greatly since the colonization of Senegal. The character and development of this phenomenon, along with its implications for current French policy, will be considered here in light of the French world view, with particular reference to the Cartesian ideal.

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Weick, Daniel P. "Competition Law and Policy in Senegal: A Cautionary Tale for Regional Integration?" World Competition 33, Issue 3 (September 1, 2010): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2010041.

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This article surveys the development of competition policy in Senegal since 1994. It discusses the original Senegalese competition law and its early enforcement and the pre-emption of Senegal’s competition law enforcement by a decision from the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) Court of Justice. Because Senegal had begun to develop competition law enforcement competency and the WAEMU is severely lacking in competition law enforcement resources, the pre-emption decision has been a disaster for competition policy in Senegal. Participation in WAEMU is on balance beneficial to Senegal and the Court of Justice is unlikely to revisit its opinion, so this paper examines ways Senegal may rehabilitate competition policy and promote liberal markets within the boundaries of the Court of Justice opinion. While not ideal, use of sector-specific regulations, criminal penalties for cartel behaviour, and aggressive pursuit of competition investigations with an eye to forcing WAEMU action could all provide the necessary oversight to open and preserve liberal markets. The Senegalese National Competition Commission should also undertake appropriate studies to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the Senegalese economy and the competition problems it faces.

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Fang, Jiaqi, Jianfei Shi, Ping Zhang, Minghao Shao, Na Zhou, Yongdong Wang, and Xinwen Xu. "Potential Distribution Projections for Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton under Climate Change Scenarios." Forests 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020379.

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The gum acacia Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton (Fabales: Fabaceae) is a drought-tolerant plant belonging to the genus Acacia of the Leguminosae family, possessing significant economic and ecological value. Despite its importance, there is a knowledge gap regarding the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of S. senegal, crucial for the conservation of plant resources and optimizing its use in introductory silviculture. In this study, we selected 23 environmental variables and utilized the optimized maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to analyze the key environmental factors affecting the distribution of S. senegal worldwide and simulate the current and future distribution range of S. senegal in Pakistan under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios. The results highlight key environmental factors influencing the distribution of S. senegal, including BIO3 (isothermally), BIO4 (coefficient of seasonal variation of temperature), BIO11 (mean temperature of the coldest season), and BIO12 (annual precipitation). Regions with higher and less fluctuating temperatures exhibit a higher potential for S. senegal distribution. Currently, suitable habitats of S. senegal are concentrated in the southern region of Pakistan, covering provinces such as Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan, with highly suitable habitats accounting for 6.06% of the total area. Under the current climatic conditions, this study identifies the spatial patterns of suitable habitats and their concentration in specific regions. With climate change, a notable expansion of suitable habitats towards higher latitudes is observed, with the most significant expansion under the extremely severe climate change scenario (SSP5-8.5), reaching 223.45% of the current level. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the dynamics of S. senegal distribution under climate change and offer valuable insights into the long-term introduction of S. senegal for afforestation and soil conservation in Pakistan. This study provides theoretical support for the sustainable development of the local ecosystem and socio-economy, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to adapt to changing climatic conditions.

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Bangura, Ahmed Sheikh. "Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i4.2228.

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Senegal is one of the most stable sub-Saharan African countries. LeonardoVillal6n's book, Islamic Society and State Power in Senegal, attributes that stabilityto the forms of religious organization provided by Senegal's unique brandsof Sufism. Most Senegalese are affiliated to a marabout (Sufi leader) and aremembers of a Senegalese Sufi order. These orders remain the most pervasiveforms of social organization. Leonardo Villal6n's work, devoted to an examinationof the shape of Senegalese society, therefore focuses on its most salient feature:the forms and patterns of its religious organization.The author argues that the Senegalese Sufi orders, developed in the wake ofFrench colonialism, provide an effective mode of social organization vis-a-visthe state. They check the hegemonic ambitions of the state and give a measureof leverage to the disciple-citizens in their dealings with it. This maraboutic systemexplains much of Senegal's relative success in maintaining a dynamic balancebetween state and society. In other words, the Sufi pattern has become thebasis for the establishment of a religiously based "civil society." While this balanceremains precarious, as there are conceivable factors that can disrupt it, ithas thus far shielded Senegal from the instability and strife that continue tobedevil many African societies ...

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Dany, Oumar, and Djekota Christophe Ngarmari. "Assessing the Natural Regeneration Potential of Senegalia senegal by Rejection in Chad: Implications for Sustainable Management." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 32, no. 10 (December 4, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2023/v32i10841.

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The study of the potential of natural regeneration assisted by weaning of white gum was carried out in Mandalia, a locality located about 50 km from N'Djamena and its surrounding area. Inductions of shoots by weaning were carried out at two sites, one a Senegalia senegal Park and the other a grazing area. In the S. senegal parks, most of the shoots were underground. On the other hand, on the grazing land, most of the shoots were stump shoots. There was no significant difference between the number of shoots in the S. senegal park and in the grazing land. The survival rate of underground shoots at weaning showed a low value of less than 25%. In the Acacia Park, the correlation between survival and shoot size was 80.28%. However, in the grazing area, the survival rate was 50.69%. These results show that the site does not significantly influence the fate of the weaned underground discharge. It is clear from this study that a sustainable management plan for S. senegal is urgently required. To this end, studies on varietal selection and domestication of S. senegal should be undertaken as soon as possible. Raising farmers' awareness of the need to protect offshoots in agrosystems and promoting assisted natural regeneration in agrosystems would also enable them to be conserved by local populations and gradually domesticated in the short term.

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Diarra, Eloi. "SENEGAL." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01467.

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Diarra, Eloi. "SENEGAL." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00618.

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Sax, Helmut. "Senegal." Human Rights in Development Online 4, no. 1 (1997): 263–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160897x00086.

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Villalón, Leonardo A. "Senegal." African Studies Review 47, no. 2 (September 2004): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600030869.

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Abstract:Within Muslim Africa, Senegal has long been characterized by the striking dominance of Sufi forms of Islamic practice and social organization, with important consequences for Senegalese politics and society. While the Sufi model remains centrally important, it has been increasingly rivaled since the 1980s by reformist, or “Islamist,” groups and ideologies. In the wake of the historic Senegalese democratic alternation in power in 2000, and in an international context of apparent conflict between the West and the Muslim world, the growing public discourse about religion in Senegal is resulting in reinterpretations and dynamic transformations that have further blurred the boundaries between Sufism and Islamism.

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Berktay, Asligul. "Senegal." Global Hip Hop Studies 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ghhs_00067_1.

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In 2018, Senegalese hip hop celebrated its thirtieth anniversary as one of Africa’s most vibrant hip hop scenes. Senegalese rap has asserted itself not only as an expedient form of urban art, but also as a socially, politically, and culturally powerful instrument of both persuasion and mobilization for the masses. From its privileged beginnings in Dakar’s posh nightclubs and Catholic high schools, the genre soon asserted itself as quite distinct from hip hop in other parts of the world, and its popularity increasingly grew to wide segments of the Senegalese public. From the mid-1990s, the underprivileged segments of the society (especially those from the poor peripheral neighbourhoods of Dakar) became progressively vocal, using hip hop as an instrument to give voice to the economic and political predicaments of the people, particularly the youth. The production of the music became increasingly local, and its primary language the Senegalese lingua franca Wolof. What has given Senegalese rap both its personality and power, while enabling it to keep an international aura, has been its political engagement: from early on, Senegalese hip hop has been strongly penetrated by politics and the denunciation of the living conditions of the population, of political abuse and social inequality. This article examines ‘hip hop galsen’ over three decades, detailing its development as a successful genre grounded in local realities that gives voice to the concerns and predicaments of the Senegalese public. It concludes through an examination of recent changes, as evidenced in new musical influences, the several important female voices that can now be heard within a historically male-dominated genre, and the greater support and acceptance hip hop has recently enjoyed, equipping the current generation of Senegalese rappers with the promise of bringing it to the international stage.

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Leichtman, Mara. "Revolution, Modernity and (Trans)National Shi'i Islam: Rethinking Religious Conversion in Senegal." Journal of Religion in Africa 39, no. 3 (2009): 319–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006609x461456.

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AbstractThe establishment of a Shi'i Islamic network in Senegal is one alternative to following the country's dominant Sufi orders. I examine Senegalese conversion narratives and the central role played by the Iranian Revolution, contextualizing life stories (trans)nationally in Senegal's political economy and global networks with Iran and Lebanon. Converts localize foreign religious ideologies into a 'national' Islam through the discourse that Shi'i education can bring peace and economic development to Senegal. Senegalese Shi'a perceive that proselytizing, media technologies, and Muslim networking can lead to social, cultural and perhaps even political change through translating the Iranian Revolution into a non-violent reform movement.

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Subekti, Mega, Aquarini Priyatna, and Yati Aksa. "PERSPEKTIF FEMINIS AFRIKA DALAM NOVEL RIWAN OU LE CHEMIN DU SABLE KARYA KEN BUGUL (THE AFRICAN FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE IN THE NOVEL RIWAN CHEMIN OU LE DU SABLE BY KEN BUGUL)." METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra 6, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2013.v6i2.91-102.

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Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana perspektif feminis Afrika ditampilkan dalam karya autobiografis Ken Bugul yang berjudul Riwan ou Le Chemin du Sable (1999). Dalam karya itu, perspektif feminis ditampilkan melalui kacamata narator sebagai perempuan Senegal ketika dihadapkan pada persoalan poligami. Analisis menggunakan teori feminisme yang kontekstual dengan isu yang dihadapi perempuan di Senegal, terutama yang dipaparkan oleh Hashim dan D’Almeida serta pendekatan naratologi autobiografis. Saya berargumentasi bahwa perspektif feminisme dalam karya Bugul itu adalah konsep famillisme yang merujuk pada penyuaraan rasa solidaritas antarperempuan Senegal dan keterlibatan aktif laki-laki demi terciptanya keberlangsungan dan kesejahteraan sebuah keluarga.Abstract:The present research aims at describing how African feminist perspectives features in Ken Bugul’s autobiographical work entitling Riwan ou Le Chemin du Sable (1999). In the paper, the feminist perspective is shown through the eyes of the narrator as Senegalese women when faced with the question of polygamy. The analysis uses the theory of feminism that contextual issues faced by women in Senegal, mainly presented by Hashim and D’Almeida and by applying the approach of autobiographical approach narrathology. I argue that the feminism perspective in the Bugul’s works is a familliasm concept that refers to the voicing solidarity among Senegal’s women and the active involvement of men in order to create sustainability and a well-being family.

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Omondi, Stephen F., David W. Odee, George O. Ongamo, James I. Kanya, and Damase P. Khasa. "Mating patterns of the gum arabic tree (Acacia senegal synonym Senegalia senegal) in two different habitats." New Forests 49, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-017-9604-6.

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Diouf, Babacar, Makhaly Ba, and Mory Coulibaly. "Study of the Influence of the Variability of Traffic-Related Parameters on the Service Life of Flexible Pavement Structures in Senegal by a Mechanistic-Empirical Approach." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2024): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241007.

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The results of the study showed that exceeding the axle load and axle configuration are indisputably among the most damaging factors for flexible pavement structures in Senegal, made of local materials (Diack basalt, Sindia laterite). The regulatory axle load recommended by UEMOA for users is set at 11.5 tons and 12 tons for a single and twin axle respectively. For calculation purposes, this load is set at 13 tons. However, in Senegal, this axle load is often exceeded, and given the diversity of heavy goods vehicles in traffic, single axles, whose effects, according to several authors, are more detrimental to flexible pavement structures, are increasingly observed in road traffic. Differences in fatigue cracking and rutting damage between single and dual wheels, as well as load overruns, show the need to take axle configuration and possible overloads into account when dimensioning flexible pavement structures in Senegal, and when planning their maintenance, the costs of which are excessively high, according to Senegal's Autonomous Road Maintenance Fund (FERA). Keywords: Single wheel, dual wheel, damage, fatigue cracking, rutting, traffic

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Berger, Céline Couté, N'Gansoumana Ba, and Muriel Gugger. "Cyanobacterial taxa of the Senegal River system (northern Senegal, West Africa)." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 117 (October 1, 2005): 147–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2005/0117-0147.

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Smalley, Hannah K., Francisco Castillo-Zunino, Pinar Keskinocak, Dima Nazzal, Zoë M. Sakas, Moussa Sarr, and Matthew C. Freeman. "Factors associated with vaccine coverage improvements in Senegal between 2005 and 2019: a quantitative retrospective analysis." BMJ Open 13, no. 10 (October 2023): e074388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074388.

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ObjectiveSenegal has demonstrated catalytic improvements in national coverage rates for early childhood vaccination, despite lower development assistance for childhood vaccines in Senegal compared with other low-income and lower-middle income countries. Understanding factors associated with historical changes in childhood vaccine coverage in Senegal, as well as heterogeneities across its 14 regions, can highlight effective practices that might be adapted to improve vaccine coverage elsewhere.DesignChildhood vaccination coverage rates, demographic information and health system characteristics were identified from Senegal’s Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Senegal national reports for years 2005–2019. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine statistical associations of demographic and health system characteristics with respect to childhood vaccination coverage rates.SettingThe 14 administrative regions of Senegal were chosen for analysis.ParticipantsDHS women’s survey respondents with living children aged 12–23 months for survey years 2005–2019.Outcome measuresImmunisation with the third dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3), widely used as a proxy for estimating immunisation coverage levels and the retention of children in the vaccine programme.ResultsFactors associated with childhood vaccination coverage include urban residence (β=0.61, p=0.0157), female literacy (β=1.11, p=0.0007), skilled prenatal care (β=1.80, p<0.0001) and self-reported ease of access to care when sick, considering travel distance to a healthcare facility (β=−0.70, p=0.0009) and concerns over travelling alone (β=−1.08, p<0.0001). Higher coverage with less variability over time was reported in urban areas near the capital and the coast (p=0.076), with increased coverage in recent years in more rural and landlocked areas.ConclusionsChildhood vaccination was more likely among children whose mothers had higher literacy, received skilled prenatal care and had perceived ease of access to care when sick. Overall, vaccination coverage is high in Senegal and disparities in coverage between regions have decreased significantly in recent years.

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RETZER, MICHAEL E. "Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae)." Zootaxa 2655, no. 1 (October 25, 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2.

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Teugels et al. (1991) considered the genus Auchenoglanis to be comprised of two valid species: A. biscutatus and A. occidentalis. A new analysis of all the nominal species and subspecies of the genus supports the recognition of all nominal taxa as species. Each species is diagnosed primarily on mensural characters, size and shape of the premaxillary tooth patches, and pigmentation patterns. In addition, a new species, Auchenoglanis senegali, is described from Senegal.

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B, Dembélé, Mayaki A.H, Daffé M, Diouf AB, Dia R, and Sarr L. "Volleyball Technopaths in Senegal." Orthopaedics and Surgical Sports Medicine 3, no. 1 (February 10, 2020): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0427/023.

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Introduction Sport anticipation, address and opposition in two separate spaces. Volleyball knows a frantic expansion with more and more spectacular gestures sources of various traumas. Our study is to analyse the trauma related to the volleyball game; relative to our context. Patients and Methods We collected 69 injuries from 63 licensed players of the Senegalese Volleyball Federation and who had regularly played the Championship and the National Cup for the 2016-2017 season. Data collection was carried out through a completed closed questionnaire. Results Forty (40) boys and twenty-three (23) girls, volleyball players, participated in this study. The average age was 23.6 years old. The average weight was 68.63 kg. The average height was 184.36 cm. The average age of the onset of the practice was 14.79 years. The average duration of practice was 8.67 years. The incidence of lesions was 1.84 per 1000 hours of play with 90.5% of players reporting injury. The 50.7% lesions were on the lower limb. Sprain accounted for 62.3% of the lesions; musculotendinous lesions 14.5% and bruises 11.6%. The majority of lesions, 53.6%, occurred during training. The net area was the site of 50.7% of the lesions. Physical contact accounted for 59.4% of the lesions. The balloon was involved in 33.3% of the lesions. The fall on the playground was responsible for 33.3% of the injuries. Receiving an opponent's weight on the ankle accounted for 76.06% of ankle sprains. The management was functional in 81.2%. It was satisfactory in 89.5%. The average rest period was 4.4 weeks. Conclusion Although considered a non-contact sport and therefore less virulent, relative to other team sports; volleyball is also a source of trauma. Beyond its originality to be realized in a sub-Saharan country; this study confirms the universality of the trauma related the volleyball, a sport that continues to take off.

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Albino Pires, Natália, and Saloum Ndiaye. "O ensino da escrita do português no Senegal: a questão dos manuais escolares." DEDiCA Revista de Educação e Humanidades (dreh), no. 20 (July 27, 2022): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/dreh.vi20.25163.

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O domínio da competência escrita revela-se fulcral no processo de ensino/aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. O português, enquanto língua estrangeira no Senegal (país francófono), é escolhido por um número significativo de alunos oriundos de contextos socioculturais e linguísticos diversificados. O trabalho que propomos decorre de uma investigação mais alargada, ainda em curso, e tem como objetivo analisar as perceções dos professores sobre as propostas de atividades de escrita presentes em manuais escolares usados na aula de PLE no Senegal, muito particularmente na região de Casamansa. Essas perceções permitem-nos ressaltar que os manuais escolares usados no espaço escolar senegalês apresentam algum desfasamento entre as temáticas a abordar e os contextos socioculturais dos aprendentes e que as atividades de escrita propostas colocam o foco sobre o produto e nunca sobre o processo que conduz ao texto escrito enquanto produto final.

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Sow, Abdoul. "L'épopée populaire, oeuvre litteraire et source historique? L'exemple de la bataille de Maka." Revista de Estudios Africanos, no. 20-21 (March 1, 2018): 137–58. https://doi.org/10.15366/rea1997.20.007.

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La epopeya popular, ¿obra literaria y fuente histórica? El ejemplo de la batalla de Maka.Transcripción de un texto oral, en wolof, de un "griot" senegalés, el artícu lo hace un comentario histórico y literario de una epopeya, la batalla de Maka, sucedida en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, en una sociedad tradicional animista de Senegal, apenas marcada por la islamización.

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Cissé, Rokhaya, Soufianou Moussa, and Abdou Salam Fall. "SCOLARISATION DES FILLES AU SÉNÉGAL : ENTREPROGRESSION ET RUPTURES." Liens, revue internationale des sciences et technologies de l'éducation 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2021): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-liens-v1n107.

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Abstract Between 2008 and 2018, while the demand for schooling continued to grow, the gross enrolment rate (GER) for girls in primary school in Senegal increased and the parity index improved. However, analysis of 2017 and 2018 data from the Directorate of Planning and Educational Reform (DPRE) of the Ministry of Education shows the existence of very strong regional disparities between Dakar and the regions of Kaffrine, Diourbel and Sédhiou show poor performance in terms of girls' enrolment. These gaps are widening between regions at secondary level. These results raise the question of the generalized and increased access of girls in the elementary and middle cycles and especially that of their retention in secondary school. While Senegal's education policy clearly stipulates the principles of equity and equal opportunities, a high proportion of girls remain resolutely exposed to the risks of abandonment and exclusion. Keywords:Schooling, girls, Gender, Inequalities, Senegal

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Demery, Zoe P., Jackie Chappell, and Graham R. Martin. "Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1725 (April 27, 2011): 3687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0374.

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Parrots are exceptional among birds for their high levels of exploratory behaviour and manipulatory abilities. It has been argued that foraging method is the prime determinant of a bird's visual field configuration. However, here we argue that the topography of visual fields in parrots is related to their playful dexterity, unique anatomy and particularly the tactile information that is gained through their bill tip organ during object manipulation. We measured the visual fields of Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus using the ophthalmoscopic reflex technique and also report some preliminary observations on the bill tip organ in this species. We found that the visual fields of Senegal parrots are unlike those described hitherto in any other bird species, with both a relatively broad frontal binocular field and a near comprehensive field of view around the head. The behavioural implications are discussed and we consider how extractive foraging and object exploration, mediated in part by tactile cues from the bill, has led to the absence of visual coverage of the region below the bill in favour of more comprehensive visual coverage above the head.

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Emmanuel, Jovine, and Joseph Buchweishaija. "Temperature Effects on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution by Acacia senegal Gum with Halide Ions." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 1588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i5.9.

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The effects of temperature on the inhibitive effect of naturally occurring Acacia senegal gum exudate on the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid was studied between 35 and 70 °C using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization methods. Findings showed that Acacia senegal gum exudate decreases the corrosion rate of mild steel. The inhibition efficiency declined with raising temperature above 35 °C. The increase in the corrosion rate with increasing temperature was observed for both uninhibited and inhibited systems. Addition of halide ions to the Acacia senegal gum exudate solution enhanced the corrosion inhibition efficiency because of synergistic effects, achieving higher performance with iodide ions as compared to bromide ions. However, the synergistic effects declined above 35 °C up to 70 °C due to temperature effects. It has been observed that increasing temperature adversely affected inhibition efficiencies of both Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergy between Acacia senegal gum exudate and halide ions. Corrosion rates of mild steel, inhibition efficiencies of Acacia senegal gum exudate and the synergistic effects of halide ions from polarization and impedance measurements were consistent. Keywords: temperature, corrosion, mild steel, synergistic effects, Acacia senegal, gum exudate.

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Gueye, Mame, Amadou Tandjigora, Thierno Sy, and Elhadj Ngom. "Impact of Climate Change on Millet and Maize Yields in the Agroecological Zones of Senegal." International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 28, 2024): 289–96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20241006.13.

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Climate change poses a major threat to agricultural productivity, especially in regions where crops are vulnerable to climate variations. This article examines the impact of climate change on millet and corn yields in Senegal by focusing on various agro-ecological zones and using a multiple regression model. The study analyzes the influence of specific climate variables – evapotranspiration, soil temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation – on crop yields. Results show that the model is effective for corn in eastern Senegal, where the coefficients of determination are significant, indicating predictive reliability. However, for millet, coefficients are low across all zones, reflecting limited model quality for this crop. Furthermore, findings reveal that evapotranspiration and soil temperature negatively affect corn yields in eastern Senegal, highlighting the crop’s sensitivity to heat and drought conditions. These findings contrast with some previous research that, by not disaggregating crops, arrives at less specific conclusions. This study advocates for a disaggregated approach in analyzing climate impacts, enabling a more nuanced understanding of effects by crop and zone. It also emphasizes the need to adapt agricultural practices and public policies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change, ensuring the resilience of Senegal’s agricultural sector. This research ultimately recommends tailored agricultural practices and policies to mitigate negative climate effects on yields and bolster the sustainability of Senegalese agriculture.

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Diop, Abdoul Aziz. "Afrique subsaharienne : compenser un déficit structurel de ressources au Sénégal." Revue française d'administration publique 61, no. 1 (1992): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1992.2529.

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Compensating for a Structural Resource Deficit in Senegal. Senegal requires approximately 200 billion CFA francs annually. Today, the country cannot count solely on the State but must encourage direct private investment. To this end, the government of Senegal has implemented an investment code and undertaken to simplify its legislation.

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International Monetary Fund. "Senegal: Statistical Appendix." IMF Staff Country Reports 99, no. 5 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833843.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Senegal: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 01, no. 188 (2001): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833904.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Senegal: Statistical Appendix." IMF Staff Country Reports 03, no. 168 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833928.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Senegal: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 07, no. 336 (2007): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451834062.002.

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International Monetary Fund. "Senegal: Selected Issues." IMF Staff Country Reports 08, no. 221 (2008): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451834093.002.

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Riska, Oda. "Skabbehandling i Senegal." Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 129, no. 15 (2009): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.09.0760.

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Lomeña-Gelis, Monica. "Evaluation development in Senegal." African Evaluation Journal 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/aej.v1i1.23.

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Background: This article outlined the diversified history, the current state and future prospects of planning and evaluation in Senegal. Objectives: The aim was to nurture debate on the quest for a more ‘African-rooted evaluation practice’. Method: The article was based on an extensive grey literature review, the author’s involvement in SenEval and personal interviews. The literature on development evaluation and evaluation capacity development helped to frame the overall analysis. Results: Donor policies and practices have heavily influenced evaluation practice in Senegal but recent changes are shifting the emphasis to more context-specific practice. Some encouraging signs are the creation of a high-level commission for evaluation, the impulsion of results-based management in public administrations and the improved monitoring of poverty reduction strategies. Also promising are the individual evaluation capacities of some local actors and more diversified, professionalised training. The last flagship activities promoted by SenEval, a voluntary organisation of professional evaluators, and the prospects of its formalisation, could be a turning point in the development of evaluation in Senegal. Nevertheless, evaluation practice remains today focused more on accountability and controlthan on learning. Moreover, the institutional setup is not coherent and consolidated to ensure a perennial system to manage, conduct and use evaluations, ensuring their quality and inclusion in the policy cycle. Conclusion: We argued that SenEval has a significant role to play in boosting demand, strengthening the policy and institutional framework and promoting exchanges with the African and international evaluation community.

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Thiam, Mamadou, Ludivine Oruba, Gaelle de Coetlogon, Malick Wade, Bouya Diop, and Abdou Karim Farota. "Impact of the Sea Surface Temperature in the North‐Eastern Tropical Atlantic on Precipitation Over Senegal." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129, no. 3 (January 30, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023jd040513.

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AbstractThis study examines 40 years of monthly precipitation data in Senegal (1979–2018) using Climatic Research Unit observations and ERA5 reanalyzes, aiming to understand the influence of oceanic and atmospheric factors on Senegal's precipitation in July, August and September (JAS). The variability of Senegal's precipitation is first compared with that of the broader Sahel region: although they share a significant portion of their variance, Senegal appears more closely related to the Northeastern Tropical Atlantic (NETA) Sea Surface Temperature (SST). A detailed examination of this region reveals that Senegal's increased precipitation is linked to the northward shift of the InterTropical Convergence Zone, consistent with numerous previous studies. Over the continent, this shift corresponds to a northward shift of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and, consequently, the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) responsible for most precipitation. It seems primarily driven by the northward shift of the Heat Low. Over the ocean just west of Senegal, there is a comparable shift of the AEJ, accompanied by an increase in low‐level moisture transport convergence within the West African Westerly Jet (WAWJ) which explains the majority of the increase in JAS precipitation in Senegal. This phenomenon is triggered by a negative pressure anomaly in the NETA, located above a positive SST anomaly: we suggest that the latter is the origin of the former, forming a feedback mechanism that potentially significantly influences Senegal's precipitation. The mechanism involves a geostrophic adjustment of the WAWJ to the southern gradients of the SST anomaly.

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Bishku, Michael B. "Senegal’s Political Character and its Connections with the Middle East." Sociology of Islam, January 29, 2024, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-10010001.

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Abstract Senegal is a country that values diplomacy. It is a predominantly-Muslim populated, constitutionally secular, nonaligned state having relations with most countries in the world. Senegal has maintained a stable political system with peaceful transfers of power despite being located in a region of Africa witnessing unstable conditions in recent years. Its leadership is well regarded by countries with different political systems and through that reputation has been able to receive needed technical and economic assistance while maintaining an independent foreign policy. Senegal has exercised influence on the continent, and even beyond, greater than a number of African countries larger in size, since its independence from France in June 1960. Therefore, it has attracted the attention of outside powers, including those in the Middle East of middle size. Those countries, namely Saudi Arabia (together with Morocco and its allies in the Gulf), Türkiye, Iran and Israel, have regarded Senegal as a “gateway” to West Africa and the Sahel region. Yet while Senegal’s ties especially with France and its neighbors in Africa have received much scholarly attention, academics have only recently begun to investigate Senegal’s connections with the Middle East; it is indeed one important aspect for anyone wishing to study Senegal’s foreign relations in a more comprehensive fashion and to have a better understanding of how this country is quite successful in balancing those ties.

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Sarr, Mame S., John R. Seiler, and Jay Sullivan. "Effect of drought stress on the physiology and early growth of seven Senegalia (Acacia) Senegal (L.) Britton provenances." New Forests, January 8, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-023-10027-5.

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AbstractDecline of Senegalia senegal (Acacia senegal) in its natural range has been observed and attributed mainly to harsh environmental conditions such as frequent drought occurrences. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of water stress on growth, biomass allocation and photosynthetic capacity in Senegalia senegal seedlings. Seeds were collected from seven provenances in Senegal and grown under greenhouse conditions in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Seedlings were subjected to three cyclic droughts by watering them when average soil moisture content dropped to 4.7%, 2.7%, and 2.1% during the first, second, and third dry down cycles, respectively. With the exception of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration at the second and third dry down cycles, no drought by provenance interaction was found for any trait measured. Ngane provenance had a lower root/shoot ratio and allometric analysis revealed that Ngane allocated less biomass to roots than shoots. Ngane developed superior growth traits and biomass production, despite similar net photosynthetic rate with other provenances before treatments started. Overall, drought stress significantly reduced biomass, stem height, diameter and leaf gas exchange. Total biomass was reduced by 28.5%, whereas root/shoot ratio was increased by 25% compared to control. Significant interaction on leaf gas exchanges at the second and third dry down cycles reveals different sensitivity levels to drought among provenances with the Ranerou provenance exhibiting no decline in leaf gas exchange. No significant difference of stomatal limitation among genotypes was found, which is indicative of the complex process of photosynthesis and the need for extended times scales for measurements to better depict physiological sensitivity of Senegalia senegal to drought.

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Ndiaye, Galaye, and Xu He Lian. "A Time Series Analysis of China’s Foreign Direct Investment on Senegal’s Agriculture." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, April 1, 2019, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2019/v23i230124.

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Since 2000 China has started to strengthen its agricultural co-operation with Africa in trade and other commercial activities. China has increased its agriculture investment in Africa, because of the rapid economic rise of China in many African developing countries. China's investment has developed and opened many opportunities against a backdrop of closer economic ties with many African countries and particularly in Senegal. The purpose of this study was to analyse the times series analysis impact of China's FDI in Senegal's agriculture. The study mainly used secondary data that are collected from the World Bank and IMF for 22 years between 1990 and 2012. The descriptive and econometric model was used to analyse the collected data. Although agricultural growth has increased in Senegal in recent years, food security remains a severe challenge. Despite international and local concerns, China's investment in Senegal in infrastructure and agricultural technology and training could facilitate agricultural growth in Senegal. A time series data is used to get the empirical results for our paper, and the estimation's results show that China's FDI is an important element in Senegal's agriculture will increase employment creation, high productivity, access to the finance and markets for smallholders, technology transfer enforcement of production standards, and farmers can access more to bank credit.

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Sarr, Mame S., John R. Seiler, Jay Sullivan, Adja M. Diallo, and Brian D. Strahm. "Drought resistance and gum yield performances in a Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton progeny trial in Senegal." New Forests, January 18, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-020-09825-y.

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AbstractWith continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE) measured by stable 13C isotope composition in foliage according to their ploidy levels. Secondary objectives are to discuss inherent adaptive variation related to soil pH, survival, growth indexes, gum arabic yield and WUE within provenance in the climate change context. A Senegalia senegal progeny trial, in Dahra, Senegal was used in this study: 443 adult trees consisting of 60 families nested within 4 provenances were assessed in this study. Results showed significant differences in gum yield among provenances (P = 0.0002) and families (P < 0.0001). Diamenar and Ngane provenances showed overall similar annual gum yield despite a lower tree survival rate of Ngane than Diamenar. Growth traits, especially stem volume index and crown area index were larger on Ngane provenance, which also displayed significantly higher foliar WUE and lower leaf area index (LAI) than the other provenances. WUE was positively correlated with gum yield (P = 0.0302), but the coefficient of determination was only 2%. Foliar δ13C varied significantly (P < 0.0001) between diploids (− 27.91‰) and polyploids (− 27.12‰). However, within each provenance no significant difference was found. Only 15% of isotope compositions could be explained by ploidy level variation. Differences found in growth and gum yield may be attributed to genotype-specific variation. However, a significant correlation between soil pH and tree survival rate was found (P = 0.0051; r = 0.60). This study confirmed a possible improvement of the gum arabic sector through genotype based selection. Ngane and Diamenar seem to be more profitable to grow in Dahra than the other tested provenances. Future research should investigate the effect of soil pH, other soil physical and chemical properties, and management activities to improve site quality on tree survival and gum yields among provenances. Further, more research is needed to clarify inherent traits underlying drought tolerance in the field and gum yield performance.

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42

"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 2021, no. 018 (January 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567020.002.

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43

"Senegal." Nursing Standard 2, no. 25 (March 26, 1988): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.25.39.s91.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 2022, no. 197 (June 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400214219.002.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 11 (January 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513526775.002.

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Economic growth averaged 6.5 percent over the past five years, boosted by public investment under phase I of Senegal’s development strategy, the “Plan Sénégal Émergent” (PSE), and buoyant private consumption. High public financing needs led to a rapid increase in public debt and a widening of the current account deficit. The outlook remains favorable provided Senegal strictly adheres to the WAEMU fiscal deficit target of 3 percent of GDP and creates fiscal space for investment through enhanced revenue mobilization and spending efficiency to stabilize public debt. Hydrocarbon production is projected to start in 2022. The authorities requested the cancellation of the 2015-19 Policy Support Instrument (PSI) in early 2019 (with only one review left), and are now requesting approval of a three-year program supported by the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI) to underpin implementation of the second phase of the PSE.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 108 (April 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513540795.002.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has weakened the macroeconomic outlook for Senegal’s economy. Containment measures to avoid the propagation of the virus, lower external demand, reduced remittances, and the sudden stop of travel and tourism are having a significant impact on growth and generating an urgent budgetary and balance-of-payments (BOP) needs. The authorities have taken strong actions to address the pandemic by declaring a state of emergency, closing schools, suspending flights, banning public gatherings, and imposing a curfew. They are implementing a comprehensive plan to upgrade the health system and contain the economic impact, including by setting up a national solidarity fund and providing targeted support to vulnerable households and firms.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 20, no. 225 (July 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513551234.002.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has ended a period of buoyant growth averaging about 6 ½ percent over the last 6 years. Containment measures, lower external demand, reduced remittances, and the sudden stop of travel and tourism are taking a significant toll on the economy. Without forceful policy measures, the current crisis could unravel development gains over the last decade. The authorities have taken strong actions to contain the pandemic and mitigate its economic fallout, supported by significant additional external financing from Senegal’s development partners. The IMF disbursed US$442 million (100 percent of quota) under the RFI/RCF in April.

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"Senegal." Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series 58, no. 6 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825x.2021.10060.x.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 27 (January 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484396254.002.

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"Senegal." IMF Staff Country Reports 19, no. 28 (January 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484396292.002.

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