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Journal articles on the topic 'Sennar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ganawa, El Taib S., Mesoud A. Bushara, Abdelrahman E. A. Musa, Sahar M. Bakhiet, and Ahmed H. Fahal. "Mycetoma spatial geographical distribution in the Eastern Sennar locality, Sennar State, Sudan." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 115, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab029.

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Abstract Background Mycetoma is a unique neglected tropical disease caused by a substantial number of different fungi or bacteria. Many of the disease's epidemiological characteristics are an enigma. Hence, understanding the spatial geographic distribution of mycetoma may clarify the association between the local environmental indicators, the spatial geographical distribution of mycetoma and its epidemiology. Methods This study set out to determine the spatial geographical distribution of mycetoma in the Eastern Sennar locality, Sennar State, one of the highly endemic states in Sudan. It included 594 patients with confirmed mycetoma seen at the Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, from 1991 to 2020. The spatial geographical distribution of these mycetoma patients was studied. The study area geographic information system data, which included geological, soil, temperature and land cover details, were collected in different geographic information forms. Different geographical analytical techniques were used. Results The patients' demographic characteristics were similar to those of the general characteristics of mycetoma patients in Sudan. Eumycetoma was the predominant type of mycetoma encountered in the studied patients. The data studied showed that most patients were located in the southern part of the locality along the Blue Nile river. The study showed an association between patients' spatial geographical distribution and soil types. Most patients’ localities had light clay soil (475 patients [80%]), followed by sandy loam soil (79 [13%]) then loam soil (40 [6.71%]). Also, 85% of patients' localities had the same land cover and vegetation. There was no significant correlation between patients' localities with temperature or any other geological characteristic. Conclusion The present study showed certain associations between mycetoma spatial geographical distribution and certain environmental indicators. However, a further in-depth study to provide greater insight into the disease's epidemiological characteristics is needed.

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Musa, Ahmed M., Elnuman B. Mohammed, Afra A. Abd Alla, Wael M. Alfatih, and Abdelgadir M. Manofal. "Evaluation Study on the Growth Performance of Four Local Strains of Nile Tilabia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Sudan." Aquatic Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v9i2.18152.

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The study was conducted at the fish farm of the Department of Fish Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Al-Neelain University. The purpose of the study is to compare the growth performance of different local strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to provide the necessary information for conducting research leading to genetic improvement of the locally farmed Nile tilapia. Fish fry used in the study were spawned by brooders collected from, Jebel Aulia Dam Reservoir (White Nile strain A) , Sennar Dam Reservoir (Sennar strain B), Lake Nubia (Halfa strain C) and khashm elgirba reservoier( Khashm elgirba strain D). The study was conducted for six weeks in twelve happas, each stocked with 30 fry in three replicates for each strain, averaging 5 g. Fish were fed by diet with a protein level of 35%. Statistical analysis showed Sennar strain was the best growth rate with a percent weight gain of 1529%, followed by white nile strain with a percent weight gain of 1114%, followed by khashm elgerba strain with a percent weight gain of 993% and finally Halfa strain with a percent weight gain of 829%. Daily Growth Rate gain was 0.9g/day for sennar strain, followed by other strain with no significant(≥0.05). Food Conversion Ratios (FCR) were best in sennar and white nile strain ,survival rate with the same no significant(≥0.05) between treatments. finally results indicated that there is significant( ≤ 0.05) between treatments so sennar and white nile strains is better than two strains in this study.

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Mohammed, Altaeb, Xu Wennian, and Xia Zhenyao. "Ecological and Bioengineering Studies for Stabilizing the Wad Medani-Sennar Roadside Slope Linking the Gezira and Sennar States." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7430809.

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The erosion of the highway embankment slope's soil along the Wad Medani-Sennar road is a significant issue, as there are many traffic accidents on this road, with an average of 15 to 25 fatalities per annum. It was thus decided to investigate this issue to find a method to protect slope from erosion on this road and to provide new approaches to slope erosion knowledge gap in Sudan. An engineering survey was carried out, followed by geotechnical studies, experimental work and interviews with academic experts regarding native vegetation in the survey area. These include measuring the eroded parts of the road; studying cross- sections of the road; soil experiments to check the strength, compaction and particle size distribution; and a native vegetation survey to check for suitable plants that could be used to control the slope erosion. It was found that an appropriate bio-engineering method to stabilize the slope soil against erosion due to rainfall was to cultivate the grasses Cynodon Dactylon and Vetiver on the slopes. In conclusion, that using native vegetation for eco -protection, was an excellent solution to the problem based on the climate, native vegetation, and type of soil in Sudan and it reduces the accidents.

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4

Elmahdi, Z. A., A. A. Nugud, and I. M. Elhassan. "Estimation of malaria transmission intensity in Sennar state, central Sudan." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 18, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2012.18.9.951.

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5

HILL, POLLY. "Five Women of Sennar: Culture and Change in Central Sudan." African Affairs 91, no. 364 (July 1992): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098545.

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6

Hutchinson, Sharon, and Susan M. Kenyon. "Five Women of Sennar: Culture and Change in Central Sudan." Man 27, no. 4 (December 1992): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2804214.

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7

Abdalla Sinada, Faisal, and Manal Elsayed Abdelrahman. "The Phytoplankton and Water Quality of Sennar and Roseires Reservoirs, Sudan." ATHENS JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajs.6-2-3.

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8

Elkamali, M., and M. M. Yagoub. "TRANSFORMATION OF A VILLAGE: CASE OF WAD AL ABBAS, SENNAR STATE, SUDAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 22, 2020): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1527-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding socioeconomic changes associated with the conversion of rural areas to urban and the factors behind them are essential for future prospects. Theoretical debates on the topic have flourished. However, empirical case studies, particularly from developing nations, are limited. This study attempts to fill the gap through a case study of a village in Sudan. The development of Wad al Abbas village is investigated using remote sensing techniques employing free Landsat satellite images. The study used the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) approach to detect the village sprawl between 1987 and 2018. Results showed significant built-up growth (84.5% increase) between 1987 and 1998 and this is linked to the natural increase in population, diversification of income as a result of a change in jobs from farming to trade, migration of a large number of its residents in and outside the country, and attraction of administrative and governmental institutions. Although Wad al Abbas starts to have a town feature in terms of population size and other metrics, still there are many challenges facing this transformation. These include water, education, health, sewage system, solid waste, drainage system, landslide, water channel for the agricultural scheme (canal), the meandering of the Blue Nile, and inner road network. High-resolution satellite images could be used to help in the investigation of these challenges. Recommendations are made on how to deal with these challenges. The lesson learned from this study is the value of the use of the space (free satellite images) to document changes that couldn’t be monitored especially in developing countries where historical maps or aerial photographs are not available.

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9

Alemayehu, Lemma. "Semen characteristics and fertility assessment of Sennar jackass (Equus asinus) in Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 9, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jvmah2017.0546.

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10

Mohamed Ali Alnair, Nada, Elfatih Mohamed Malik, Malaz Elbashir Ahmed, and Ibrahim Ismail Mohamed Abu. "Training Needs Assessment for Nurses in Sennar State, Sudan: Cross Sectional Study (1)." Science Journal of Public Health 7, no. 4 (2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20190704.11.

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11

Mohamed, Sofia B., Atif Alagib, Tahani B. AbdElkareim, Mohamed M. Hassan, Wendell C. Johnson, Hala E. Hussein, Naomi S. Taus, and Massaro W. Ueti. "Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria spp. infecting cattle in Sennar State, Sudan." Parasitology Research 117, no. 4 (March 7, 2018): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5775-0.

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12

Sharkey, Heather J. "P. M. HOLT, The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle, 910–1288/1504–1871, Islamic History and Civilization: Studies and Texts (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1999). Pp. 228. $71.00 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (May 2000): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002361.

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P. M. Holt's The Sudan of the Three Niles is an annotated translation of the Funj Chronicle, a history of the Funj sultanate (1504–1821) based at Sennar, along the Blue Nile, and of the Turco-Egyptian regime that succeeded it at Khartoum. Along with the Tabaqat of Wad Dayf Allah (a biographical dictionary of Sudanese Muslim holy men compiled in the late 18th century), the Funj Chronicle is the most important Arabic source on the northern riverain Sudan in the Funj era, a period in which Islam was spreading widely and the region was developing its pronounced Arab–Islamic identity.

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13

Tsega, Aweke, and Alemayehu Lemma. "Phenotypic characteristics and sexual behavior of Sennar Jacks ( Equus asinus)." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 19, no. 1 (December 2, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v19i1.7.

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14

Ez Eldin, M. A. M., Tang Huiming, N. H. Bahwi, and A. G. Faraw. "Geological, Soil and Rock Mass Evaluation for Proposed Hydroelectric Power Plant at Sennar Dam, Sudan." Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 22 (November 1, 2007): 3477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.3477.3484.

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15

Junghans, V., and Thomas Fuchs. "Allergy to senna (Folia sennae)." Allergo Journal 10, no. 4 (June 2001): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03371904.

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16

Lobban, Richard. "ENDRE STIANSEN AND MICHAEL KEVANE, ED., Kordofan Invaded: Peripheral Incorporation and Social Transformation in Islamic Africa (Boston: Brill, 1998). Pp. 319. $94 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (May 2000): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002373.

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The history of Sudan still reflects the country's struggle to find its identity between Middle Eastern and African studies. Even within Sudan, there are spheres of interest ranging from the expanding ancient studies of Nubia to the protracted conflict between so-called Afro-Arab northerners and Nilotic southerners. Lost in these expanding domains are the histories of eastern Sudan and Kordofan to the west. Even the historiography of Sennar and Darfur is far better established than that of Kordofan. Thus, the very title of the book being reviewed suggests that Kordofan is an “invaded” and “peripheral” area on the edge of the Islamic and African worlds. Thus, this work is a welcome starting point in filling in this considerable gap in Sudan studies. Stiansen and Kevane have done noble service in this respect.

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17

Ahmed, Ikram Madani, Yahia Fadl Tahir, Saada Mohamed Nour, and Mogahed Ahmed Suliman. "Traditional use of medicinal plants among the Barti tribe community in Fangoga area, Sennar State, Sudan." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i2.063.

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18

Fahmi, Mustafa Kamil Mahmoud, Elamin Sanjak Mohamed, Markku Kanninen, Olavi Luukkanen, Fobissie Blese Kalame, and Abdalla Mirghani Eltayeb. "Determinants and constraints of integrating natural acacias into mechanised rain-fed agricultural schemes Sennar State, Sudan." GeoJournal 80, no. 4 (June 24, 2014): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9563-9.

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19

Abdulai, B. I., C. J. Stigter, A. A. Ibrahim, A. M. Adeeb, and H. S. Adam. "Evaporation calculations for Lake Sennar (Sudan): a search for a meteorological minimum input approach for shallow lakes." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v38i4.16561.

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20

Hassan, Eltayeb I., Mohamed A. S. Ibrahim, and Ibrahim E. Mohamed. "Effect of Cultivar performance on Conservation Agriculture on Sorghum Yield in Rain-fed Areas, Sennar State, Sudan." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0920_04.

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21

Ibrahim, Muntaser E., Fatih M. Awad-El-Kariem, Ibrahim M. El Hassan, and El Rashid M. El Mubarak. "A case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria sensitive to chloroquine but resistant to pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine in Sennar, Sudan." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 4 (July 1991): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90210-p.

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22

Ahmed, Adam E., and Amna O. M. Alam-Eldin. "An assessment of mechanical vs manual harvesting of the sugarcane in Sudan – The case of Sennar Sugar Factory." Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 2015): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2013.10.005.

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23

Ibrahim, Abdelbasit Mohamed, and Mutasim Elhadi Ibrahim. "Evaluation of microscopical and serological techniques in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection at Sennar State, Central Sudan." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 4, no. 1 (February 2014): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60305-4.

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24

Gesmallah, Abdelaziz E., Mohammed H. Mekki, Igbal A. Abdelatief, Ali E. El Jack, and Ali O. Ali. "Screening of Guava genotypes to natural infestation of fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) in River Nile, Sennar and North Kordofan States, Sudan." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 3 (2017): 1130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.3.16.

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25

Mohamed, M. E. H., P. S. Mellor, and William P. Taylor. "Virus Akabane: enquête sérologique des anticorps chez les animaux d’élevage au Soudan." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 49, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9497.

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Cette étude porte sur une évaluation de la fréquence des anticorps antivirus Akabane chez les ruminants domestiques dans différentes zones écologiques au Soudan. Les anticorps neutralisants ont été détectés chez les moutons, les chèvres et les bovins. Les sérums de ces animaux ont été récoltés entre 1979 et 1980 à El Obeid, Nyala, Kassala, Sennar et Jonglei. C'est dans cette dernière région qu'ont été trouvés les plus forts taux de présence d'anticorps antivirus dans les sérums analysés : respectivement 27 %, 36 % et 47 % chez les moutons (6), les chèvres (11) et les bovins (90). Bien que les anticorps aient été détectés chez 8 % des 79 vaches et chez 15 % des 70 vaches dans deux troupeaux sentinelles au Centre du Soudan, respectivement à Shambat et Um Benein, aucun des veaux suivis dans ces élevages entre 1981 et 1983 ne s'est révélé positif. Par la suite, des sérums d'échantillons aléatoires prélevés en 1985 sur des animaux âgés de 1 à 3 ans ont montré la présence d'anticorps chez 8 veaux sur 57 (14 %) à Shambat et 5 veaux sur 40 (12 %) à Um Benein. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées.

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Elhassan, Amira M., Mohammed E. A. Mansour, Awadia A. A. Shamon, and A. M. El Hussein. "A Serological Survey of Akabane Virus Infection in Cattle in Sudan." ISRN Veterinary Science 2014 (January 21, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/123904.

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A cross-sectional survey was carried out in ten states in Sudan to determine seroprevalence and to assess risk factors associated with Akabane virus (AKAV) infection in dairy herds. Serum samples were collected from a total of 361 dairy cattle and tested for antibodies against AKAV using ELISA. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies in cattle varied between 69.6% in Khartoum state and 3.3% in Sennar State with an overall prevalence rate of 29.4%. The prevalence rates of AKAV antibodies were significantly associated with breed being high in crossbred (39.9%; P<0.001); female sex (33%; P<0.001), and animals in the age group of 2-3 years old (45.3%; P<0.001). Akabane virus antibodies prevalence was also highly associated with locality (P<0.001); season being high in winter season (58.1%; P<0.001); and animals raised under intensive management system (37%; P<0.001). Among 68 cases suffering from reproductive (abortion and infertility) problems the prevalence rate of AKAV antibodies in animals with infertility problem (76.2%; P<0.03) was significantly higher than in animals with abortion (48.9%). The study revealed that AKAV infection is highly prevalent in dairy cattle in Sudan and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.

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Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Susan M. Kenyon, Five Women of Sennar: culture change in central Sudan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991, 262 pp., £35.00. ISBN 0 19 8278322." Africa 62, no. 2 (April 1992): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160466.

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Mohamed, H. A., and S. M. Sulaiman. "Point Mutations in Pfcrt (K76t) and Pfmdr (N86y) Genes of P. falciparum and in vivo Responses of Chloroquine Among Malaria Patients Sennar, Sudan." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.822.

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Mohammed, Ekhlas A. I., Zainab Taha, Agba A. A. Gadah-Eldam, and Mariam M. El hidai. "Assessment of a Nutrition Education Program designed to Enhance Mothers’ Attitudes on Infants and Young Children feeding in Sudan." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (August 9, 2021): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6454.

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Objective: To assess the effect of a designed nutrition education program (NEP) on maternal attitudes. Methods: A control two groups quasi-experimental pre- and post-experimental were adopted. Data were collected through personal interviews of two groups using a validated questionnaire. The nutrition education program was conducted in three phases. Phase one was the pre-evaluation, phase two was the program’s implementation, and phase three entailed post evaluation of the program. Results: The results supported the efficient role of the NEP intervention in raising mothers’ attitudes towards nutritional care of under two years in Sennar Locality, Sudan. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the controlled variables; mother age, mother education, mother occupation, husband occupation, number of children less than 5 years, family size, and child’s age, which indicates that the two groups were homogenous, i.e., no significant difference between mothers’ attitude of the two groups before applying the NEP. The results showed the effectiveness of the NEP in developing experimental group mother’s attitudes, comparing post-test with pre-test in favor of post-test to be statistically significant. NEP has a huge impact in developing the mother’s awareness post-test, measuring and developing the mother’s attitudes compared to post-test with pre-test. Conclusions and Implications: The nutrition education intervention demonstrated its effectiveness in maternal attitude. The study provided valuable baseline information to develop appropriate training courses and nutrition education programs to raise maternal awareness and attitudes towards infants and young children’s nutrition.

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30

Zhu, Jiajie, Shan Liu, Yu Guo, Liwei Hou, Xiaolan Su, Yijie Li, Boyu Han, et al. "A New Model of Diarrhea with Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4280343.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to examine a new method to create a rat model of diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Methods. A senna leaf (Folium sennae) decoction was made in 3 concentrations of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 g/mL. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control (C)-, high (H)-, middle (M)-, and low (L)- dose groups. The groups received saline, 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 g/mL senna leaf decoction, respectively, for 4 weeks. Body weight monitoring, food consumption, water intake, defecation frequency, stool Bristol score, weight-loaded forced swimming test, forelimb grip strength test, D-xylose absorption test, serum cortisone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 24 h urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS), and histopathological detection were conducted to assess the success of the senna leaf decoction-induced model. Results. This study showed that the senna leaf decoction could induce diarrhea and dose-dependently slow body weight growth, reduce food consumption, and increase water intake, stool Bristol score, and defecation frequency. Statistical differences were found between groups H and M in rectal temperature, weight-loaded forced swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and serum cortisone. The D-xylose absorption test also showed dysfunction of intestinal absorption in groups H and M. The serum cortisone and 24 h urine 17-OHCS were significantly reduced in group H. Conclusions. Gastric gavage of 10 mL/kg of body weight of a high concentration of a senna leaf decoction (1.0 g/mL) for 4 weeks was used to create a rat model of diarrhea with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome.

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EDWARDS, DAVID N. "MEROE AND THE SUDANIC KINGDOMS." Journal of African History 39, no. 2 (July 1998): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853797007172.

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The kingdom of Kush (Meroe) represents one of a series of early states located within the Middle Nile. At its greatest extent controlling more than 1,000 km. of the Nile valley from northern Lower Nubia to Sennar on the Blue Nile, its scale, longevity and cultural achievements are remarkable (Fig. 1). While its origins in the early millennium b.c. and its demise around the fourth century a.d. still remain obscure, it is one of the earliest and most impressive states yet found south of the Sahara. This notwithstanding, the place of the Kushite state and its civilization within the history of sub-Saharan Africa remains far from clear.The early development of complex societies in the Middle Nile within the frontiers of the modern republic of Sudan raises many questions concerning the role of external influences and cultural contacts on the region. The ever present shadow of Pharaonic Egypt looms large in most studies, and very close links are still maintained between Meroitic (and Nubian) studies and Egyptology. One result of the undoubted Egyptocentrism which has for so long dominated research in the region has been the neglect of many research areas likely to be of interest to archaeologists and historians working elsewhere in Africa. The political structuring and organisation of power within the Kushite state still remain little studied, while little interest has been shown in trying to contextualize it, either in relation to later kingdoms of the Middle Nile or indeed in the history of state development in Sudanic Africa as a whole. All too often it seems still implied, if not explicitly stated, that the early development of social/political complexity in the region, with the rise of Kerma, Napata and Meroe and their attendant cultural achievements, may be largely explained by, and understood in terms of, Egyptian models: ‘secondary states’ on the margins of a great civilization, unique within, and effectively unconnected with, other regions of sub-Saharan Africa.The concern of this paper is briefly to reassess a number of questions concerning our perceptions of the Kushite state, which also have implications for our understanding of the long-term history of early states within the Middle Nile and their relation to other parts of Sudanic Africa.

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Purwana, Bambang H. Suta. "POTENSI EKOWISATA BERBASIS BUDAYA MASYARAKAT DI DESA SANARU, KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA." Kebudayaan 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/jk.v13i2.199.

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AbstractRinjani Mountain has been determined by government of West Nusa Tenggara as the Rinjani geopark and tourism destination using ecotourism of community based tourism. Throughecotourism of caommunity based tourism, the tourism, activities will involve participation of community and can provide economic benefits to the community. This article aims to answer the questions of what kinds of tourism potency to develop in supporting ecotourism development in Senaru village? What kind of policy of ecotourism has been implemented in tourism involving traditional society in Senaru village? The aim of this article is to know development of tourism potential and involvement of indigenous people in Senaru Village. The method that used in the study was literature study, observation, and interview to government official, tourism organizer, and prominent figures among society in Bayansubdistrict. The result shows that the managing of tourism in Rinjanu Mountain did not involve people surrounding in Senaru village. Thousands of tourists from abroad and domestic came and stayed in hotels, villas, and home stays in Senary village, but sociallyand economically it did not benefit to traditional society in Senaru village. Keywords: ecotourism, natural preservation, local culture preservation.AbstrakGunung Rinjani oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat ditetapkan sebagai Geopark Rinjani sekaligus destinasi wisata dengan konsep ekowisata berbasis masyarakat (communitybased tourism). Dengan konsep ini kegiatan kepariwisataan akan melibatkan peran serta masyarakat dan dapat memberi manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Artikel ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab pertanyaan, apa saja potensi wisata yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menunjang pengembangan ekowisata di Desa Senaru? Apakah kebijakan ekowisata sudah diimplementasikan dalam pengelolaan pariwisata yang melibatkan masyarakat adat Desa Senaru? Tujuannya mengetahui pengembangan potensi wisata dan pelibatan masyarakat adat di Desa Senaru. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi literatur, pengamatan, dan wawancara terhadap aparat pemerintah, pelaku wisata, dan sejumlah tokoh masyarakat di Kecamatan Bayan. Temuan dari studi ini adalah pengelolaan pariwisata di Gunung Rinjani tidak melibatkan masyarakat adat di Desa Senaru. Ribuan wisatawan manca negara dan wisatawan Nusantara datang silih berganti menginap di hotel, villa dan penginapan di Desa Senaru namun secara sosial dan ekonomi tidak memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat adat Desa Senaru.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1226 (November 2008): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812260-00079.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1313 (August 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013130-00137.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1290 (February 2010): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012900-00132.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1240 (February 2009): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912400-00118.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1181 (December 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711810-00100.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1347 (April 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113470-00116.

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&NA;. "Senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1405 (June 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214050-00119.

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Hukuda, Michele Emy, Renata Escorcio, Lílian Aparecdia Yoshimura Fernandes, Eduardo Vital de Carvalho, and Fátima Aparecida Caromano. "Caracterização e tempo da atividade funcional de sentar e levantar da cadeira por meninos saudáveis." ConScientiae Saúde 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v9i3.2258.

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Introdução: As pesquisas sobre a atividade funcional de sentar na cadeira, contrárias à de levantar, são pobremente estudadas, criando uma lacuna na geração de padrões de comparação em casos de disfunções. Objetivo: Caracterizar a atividade funcional do sentar e o tempo de execução do sentar e levantar da cadeira por meninos saudáveis. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 37 meninos saudáveis que foram filmados realizando a atividade, totalizando 111 observações e registros. Foi cronometrado o tempo da atividade proposta. Resultado: Este estudo demonstrou que a atividade funcional de sentar na cadeira possui três fases. A média cronometrada do sentar foi 1,07s, e 1,01s, para o levantar. Conclusão: Encontrou-se um padrão de similaridade entre os meninos estudados para o sentar na cadeira, observando que o movimento de cabeça pode acontecer ou não e o uso de apoios é comum. Não houve diferença no tempo de execução entre o sentar e o levantar.

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&NA;. "Psyllium/senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 746 (April 1999): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199907460-00034.

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&NA;. "Senna abuse." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1193 (March 2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200811930-00083.

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&NA;. "Senna overdose." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1137 (February 2007): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711370-00078.

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&NA;. "Lactulose/senna." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1142 (March 2007): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711420-00047.

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BAUMANN, LESLIE S. "Senna Alata." Skin & Allergy News 41, no. 4 (April 2010): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(10)70088-7.

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Spiller, H. A. "Senna Laxatives." Clin-Alert 41, no. 9 (May 15, 2003): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069477003041009004.

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Hennebelle, Thierry, Bernard Weniger, Henry Joseph, Sevser Sahpaz, and François Bailleul. "Senna alata." Fitoterapia 80, no. 7 (October 2009): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.05.008.

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Baez, Daniel Arrieta, L. Gerardo Zepeda Vallejo, and Manuel Jimenez-estrada. "Phytochemical Studies On Senna Skinneri and Senna Wislizeni." Natural Product Letters 13, no. 3 (May 1999): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10575639908048789.

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Holt, P. M. "M. W. Daly (ed.), The road to Shaykan: letters of General William Hicks Pasha written during the Sennar and Kordofan campaigns, 1883. (Occasional Papers Series [Durham], No. 20.) [iv], 112 pp. Durham: Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Durham, 1983." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, no. 2 (June 1985): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00034315.

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Moraes, Renato de, and Eliane Mauerberg-DeCastro. "Relação entre percepção e ação durante os movimentos de sentar e levantar em indivíduos idosos." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 26, no. 2 (June 2010): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722010000200007.

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A proposta deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do envelhecimento nos aspectos perceptivos e motores envolvidos com as ações de sentar e levantar de uma cadeira. Indivíduos jovens e idosos foram filmados enquanto sentavam/levantavam de uma cadeira em sete alturas diferentes do assento. Eles julgaram a dificuldade/facilidade encontrada para sentar e levantar em cada altura do assento. Os idosos exibiram mudanças na estratégia de controle usada para sentar na altura mais baixa do assento e superestimaram o nível de dificuldade/facilidade para realizar as tarefas de sentar e levantar. Em síntese, a percepção de execução fácil da tarefa de sentar pelos idosos não concorda com o grau de dificuldade exibido no desempenho motor na altura mais baixa do assento.

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