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Journal articles on the topic 'Sennoside'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Ratnayaka, H. H., B. Meurer-Grimes, and D. Kincaid. "Sennoside Yields in Tinnevelly Senna Affected by Deflowering and Leaf Maturity." HortScience 37, no. 5 (2002): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.5.768.

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Manual deflowering and leaf maturity were evaluated for effect on the yields of the bioactive sennosides A and B in Tinnevelly senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl). Deflowering increased sennoside A and B concentration (percent dry weight) in leaves by 25%, the total leaf dry mass by 63%, and the harvest index by 22%, with the result that the sennoside A and B yield (grams) per plant doubled in response to deflowering. During the same time, net photosynthesis remained consistently lower in the deflowered plants. Youngest leaves had the greatest sennoside A and B concentration. A clone raised from cuttings of one seedling had lower sennoside A:B ratio than the plants raised from the seedlings. Although crop type and possibly environmental conditions influenced the sennoside A:B ratio, deflowering and leaf maturity had no effect. The sennoside A and B concentrations in the dried leaves of deflowered plants harvested in 1.5-hour intervals appeared to increase during the course of the day. Deflowering, harvesting of young leaves, and harvesting time of day constitute promising component technologies for field investigations.

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2

Wei, Zhonghong, Peiliang Shen, Peng Cheng, Yin Lu, Aiyun Wang, and Zhiguang Sun. "Gut Bacteria Selectively Altered by Sennoside A Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Traits." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2375676.

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Accumulating evidences implicate that gut microbiota play an important role in the onset and prolongation of fat inflammation and diabetes. Sennoside A, the main active ingredient of Rhizoma Rhei (rhubarb), is widely used for constipation as a kind of anthranoid laxative (e.g., senna). Here, we put forward the hypothesis that the structural alteration of gut microbiota in obesity mice may be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) which may be ameliorated by Sennoside A. We investigated the appearance of obesity, insulin resistance, host inflammation, and leaky gut phenotype with or without Sennoside A in db/db mice. Horizontal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to confirm the critical roles of gut microbiota in the amelioration of the indices in T2D mice after Sennoside A treatment. As a result, we found that Sennoside A administration markedly improved the indices in T2D mice and obesity-related traits including blood glucose level, body weight, lipid metabolism disorder, and insulin resistance. The gut microbiota changed quickly during the onset of T2D in db/db mice, which confirmed the hypothesis that gut microbiota was involved in the pathogenesis of T2D. Sennoside A altered gut microbial composition which might mediate the antiobesogenic effects in T2D remission. Sennoside A also reduced inflammation and increased tight junction proteins in the ileum in gene-deficient mice via gut microbiota alteration. FMT lowered the blood glucose level and improved insulin resistance, corroborating that Sennoside A perhaps exerted its antiobesogenic effects through gut microbiota alteration. Chemical Compounds Studied in This Article. Compounds studied in this article include Sennoside A (PubChem CID: 73111) and metformin hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 14219).

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3

Morinaga, Osamu, Takuhiro Uto, Seiichi Sakamoto, et al. "Development of eastern blotting technique for sennoside A and sennoside B using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies." Phytochemical Analysis 20, no. 2 (2009): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.1111.

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4

Tan, Peng, Yan-ling Zhao, Jun-ling Cao, Xiao-he Xiao, and Jia-bo Wang. "Development and validation of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sennoside A and sennoside B in laxatives based on optimal chromatographic parameters." Analytical Methods 7, no. 23 (2015): 9817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02458g.

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5

Srivastava, Alpana, Richa Pandey, Ram K. Verma, and Madan M. Gupta. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sennosides in Cassia angustifolia Leaves." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (2006): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.937.

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Abstract A simple liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of sennosides B and A in leaves of Cassia angustifolia. These compounds were extracted from leaves with a mixture of methanolwater (70 + 30, v/v) after defatting with hexane. Analyte separation and quantitation were achieved by gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography and UV absorbance at 270 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method involves the use of an RP-18 Lichrocart reversed-phase column (5 μm, 125 × 4.0 mm id) and a binary gradient mobile-phase profile. The various other aspects of analysis, namely, peak purity, similarity, recovery, repeatability, and robustness, were validated. Average recoveries of 98.5 and 98.6%, with a coefficient of variation of 0.8 and 0.3%, were obtained by spiking sample solution with 3 different concentration solutions of standards (60, 100, and 200 μg/mL). Detection limits were 10 μg/mL for sennoside B and 35 μg/ML for sennoside A, present in the sample solution. The quantitation limits were 28 and 100 μg/mL. The analytical method was applied to a large number of senna leaf samples. The new method provides a reliable tool for rapid screening of C. angustifolia samples in large numbers, which is needed in breeding/genetic engineering and genetic mapping experiments.

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6

Dutta, A., and B. De. "CASSIA FISTULA: A SOURCE OF SENNOSIDE B (CHROMOSOME MORPHOLOGY AND SENNOSIDE CONTENT)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 576 (April 2002): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.576.6.

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7

SATOH, Kanako, Takako SETO, Norie MIYATAKE, Tomoko HAMANO, Hiroko SHIODA, and Kazuo ONISHI. "Determination of Sennoside A and Sennoside B in Formulation Using Capillary Electrophoresis." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 119, no. 1 (1999): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.119.1_88.

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8

Peng, Lei, Prasannavenkatesh Durai, Keunwan Park, Jeong Joo Pyo та Yongsoo Choi. "A Novel Competitive Binding Screening Assay Reveals Sennoside B as a Potent Natural Product Inhibitor of TNF-α". Biomedicines 9, № 9 (2021): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091250.

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Natural products (NPs) have played a significant role in drug discovery for diverse diseases, and numerous attempts have been made to discover promising NP inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a major therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. However, NP inhibitors of TNF-α, which have the potential to be developed as new drugs, have not been reported for over a decade. To facilitate the search for new promising inhibitors of TNF-α, we developed an efficient competitive binding screening assay based on analytical size exclusion chromatography coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Application of this screening method to the NP library led to the discovery of a potent inhibitor of TNF-α, sennoside B, with an IC50 value of 0.32 µM in TNF-α induced HeLa cell toxicity assays. Surprisingly, the potency of sennoside B was 5.7-fold higher than that of the synthetic TNF-α inhibitor SPD304. Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding mode of sennoside B to TNF-α. In conclusion, we successfully developed a novel competition binding screening method to discover small molecule TNF-α inhibitors and identified the natural compound sennoside B as having exceptional potency.

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9

AlZain, Mashail N., Abdulrahman A. AlAtar, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, et al. "The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica." Separations 7, no. 4 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040065.

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Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected and extracted (with 85% methanol), and sennoside A and B content was evaluated by the HPLC–UV method. The antioxidant activity of SA, SI, SAM and SIM was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, while antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The AMF colonization was 85.66% and 85%, respectively, in the roots of SA and SI. The HPLC analysis showed a significant increase in (%) the content of sennoside A/sennoside B by 71.11/88.21, respectively, in SAM and 6.76/36.37 in SIM, which clearly indicated positive AMF effects. The DPPH/ABTS [The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 235.9/321.5 µg/mL] scavenging activity of SAM was comparatively higher and it also exhibited strong antibacterial action (MIC: 156.25 µg/mL), which supported the increase in sennoside content. This finding may be useful for further investigations of the symbiotic relation of mycorrhizal fungi with other plant species.

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10

Kon, Risako, Miho Yamamura, Yukari Matsunaga, et al. "Laxative effect of repeated Daiokanzoto is attributable to decrease in aquaporin-3 expression in the colon." Journal of Natural Medicines 72, no. 2 (2018): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-018-1174-1.

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Abstract Daiokanzoto (DKT) exerts its laxative effect via colonic inflammation caused by sennoside A in Daio (rhubarb). Previously, we showed that the laxative effect of sennoside A is related to decreased aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in mucosal epithelial cells due to colonic inflammation. We also found that a combination of glycyrrhizin, an ingredient in Kanzo (glycyrrhiza), and sennoside A attenuates the inflammatory response induced by sennoside A and reduces its laxative effect. These findings indicate that DKT may be a long-term treatment for chronic constipation, but there is no evidence supporting this hypothesis. In this study, we analyzed the laxative effect of repeated DKT administration, focusing on AQP3 expression in the colon. After rats were treated for 7 days, decreased AQP3 expression and the onset of diarrhea were observed in the DKT group, but were not seen in the Daio group either. Although the relative abundance of gut microbiota after repeated DKT administration was similar to that after control treatment, Daio reduced Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae levels and markedly increased Lachnospiraceae levels. In this study, we show that DKT has a sustained laxative effect, even upon repeated use, probably because it maintains decreased AQP3 expression and gut microbiota homeostasis. This outcome therefore indicates that DKT can be used as a long-term treatment for chronic constipation.

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11

Cao, Yixin, Ying He, Cong Wei, et al. "Aquaporins Alteration Profiles Revealed Different Actions of Senna, Sennosides, and Sennoside A in Diarrhea-Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103210.

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Senna and its main components sennosides are well-known effective laxative drugs and are used in the treatment of intestinal constipation in the world. Their potential side effects have attracted more attention in clinics but have little scientific justification. In this study, senna extract (SE), sennosides (SS), and sennoside A (SA) were prepared and used to generate diarrhea rats. The diarrhea rats were investigated with behaviors, clinical signs, organ index, pathological examination, and gene expression on multiple aquaporins (Aqps) including Aqp1, Aqp2, Aqp3, Aqp4, Aqp5, Aqp6, Aqp7, Aqp8, Aqp9, and Aqp11. Using qRT-PCR, the Aqp expression profiles were constructed for six organs including colon, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, and stomach. The Aqp alteration profiles were characterized and was performed with Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The SE treatments on the rats resulted in a significant body weight loss (p < 0.001), significant increases (p < 0.001) on the kidney index (27.72%) and liver index (42.55%), and distinguished changes with up-regulation on Aqps expressions in the kidneys and livers. The SS treatments showed prominent laxative actions and down regulation on Aqps expression in the colons. The study results indicated that the SE had more influence/toxicity on the kidneys and livers. The SS showed more powerful actions on the colons. We suggest that the caution should be particularly exercised in the patients with kidney and liver diseases when chronic using senna-based products.

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12

Bhope, S. G., V. V. Kuber, and D. H. Nagore. "Validated HPTLC method for simultaneous quantification of sennoside A, sennoside B, and kaempferol inCassia fistulaLinn." Acta Chromatographica 22, no. 3 (2010): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/achrom.22.2010.3.11.

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13

van Gorkom, Britta A. P., Arend Karrenbeld, Tineke van der Sluis, Nynke Zwart, Elisabeth G. E. de Vries, and Jan H. Kleibeuker. "Apoptosis induction by sennoside laxatives in man; escape from a protective mechanism during chronic sennoside use?" Journal of Pathology 194, no. 4 (2001): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.914.

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14

Morinaga, Osamu, Takuhiro Uto, Seiichi Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Tanaka, and Yukihiro Shoyama. "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total sennosides using anti-sennside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies." Fitoterapia 80, no. 1 (2009): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.09.004.

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15

Gao, Wen, Li Jin, Chunhong Liu, et al. "Inhibition behavior of Sennoside A and Sennoside C on amyloid fibrillation of human lysozyme and its possible mechanism." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 178 (May 2021): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.213.

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16

Sugita, Kazunari, Kunio Izu, and Yoshiki Tokura. "Erythema multiforme-like drug eruption caused by sennoside." International Journal of Dermatology 45, no. 9 (2006): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02925.x.

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17

Hwang, In Young, and Choon Sik Jeong. "Gastroprotective Activities of Sennoside A and Sennoside B via the Up-Regulation of Prostaglandin E2and the Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase." Biomolecules & Therapeutics 23, no. 5 (2015): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2015.052.

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18

AKAO, TERUAKI, TAIKO AKAO, KYOKO MIBU, MASAO HATTORI, TSUNEO NAMBA, and KYOICHI KOBASHI. "Enzymatic reduction of sennidin and sennoside in Peptostreptococcus Intermedius." Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics 8, no. 10 (1985): 800–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.8.800.

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19

Beubler, E., and A. Schirgi-Degen. "Serotonin Antagonists Inhibit Sennoside-lnduced Fluid Secretion and Diarrhea." Pharmacology 47, no. 1 (1993): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000139844.

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20

Ambrose, Dawn, and Ravindra Naik. "Mechanical Drying of Senna leaves (Cassia angustifolia)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 1, no. 1 (2013): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.1.1.09.

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Senna (Cassia angustifolia) is an important medicinal crop which is being exported from India. The present method of drying the leaves is under sun or shade which results in poor quality product. An attempt was made to dry senna in a forced flow type dryer at different temperatures. Sennoside concentrate which is an important quality aspect of Senna revealed that drying at 45 ºC was superior compared to other samples.

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21

Smolarz, Helena D., Magdalena Wegiera, Dorota Wianowska, and Andrzej L. Dawidowicz. "Anthracene derivatlves in some species of Rumex L genus." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, no. 2 (2011): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.013.

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Eight anthracene derivatives (chrysophanol, physcion, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, barbaloin, sennoside A and sennoside B) were signified in six species of <em>Rumex</em> L. genus: <em>R. acetosa</em> L., <em>R. acetosella</em> L., <em>R. confertus</em> Willd., <em>R. crispus</em> L., <em>R. hydrolapathum</em> Huds. and <em>R. obtusifolius</em> L. For the investigations methanolic extracts were prepared from the roots, leaves and fruits of these species. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography was applied for separation, identification and quantitative determination of anthracene derivatives. The identity of these compounds was further confirmed with UV-VIS. Received data were compared. The roots are the best organs for the accumulation of anthraquinones. The total amount of the detected compounds was the largest in the roots of <em>R. confertus</em> (163.42 mg/g), smaller in roots <em>R. crispus</em> (25.22 mg/g) and the smallest in roots of <em>R. hydrolapathum</em> (1.02 mg/g).

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22

Fujita, Y., T. Shimizu, and H. Shimizu. "A case of interstitial granulomatous drug reaction due to sennoside." British Journal of Dermatology 150, no. 5 (2004): 1035–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05916.x.

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23

Leng-Peschlow, Elke. "Sennoside-lnduced Secretion and Its Relevance for the Laxative Effect." Pharmacology 47, no. 1 (1993): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000139838.

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24

Kuhnert, Nikolai, and Hoshiar Y. Molod. "An efficient total synthesis of chrysophanol and the sennoside C aglycon." Tetrahedron Letters 46, no. 44 (2005): 7571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.08.154.

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25

YAMAUCHI, KAZUKO, KAYOKO SHINANO, KAZUKO NAKAJIMA, TERUYO YAGI, and SHIGEAKI KUWANO. "Metabolic Activation of Sennoside C in Mice: Synergistic Action of Anthrones." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 44, no. 12 (1992): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb07076.x.

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26

Bradley Morris, J., Brandon D. Tonnis, and Ming Li Wang. "Variability for Sennoside A and B concentrations in eight Senna species." Industrial Crops and Products 139 (November 2019): 111489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111489.

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27

Lee, In-Hee, Ho-Sung Lee, Kyungrae Kang, et al. "Influence of Decoction Duration of FDY2004 on Its Physicochemical Components and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 10 (2020): 1934578X2096843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20968437.

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FDY2004 (Medicinal herbs: Rheum palmatum, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, and Prunus davidiana), an herbal drug composition with an antiproliferative effect, is prepared by boiling, which is the most common herbal extraction method in traditional Korean medicine. Several parameters are considered in the process, including herb-to-solvent ratio, extraction temperature and pressure, and total decoction time. The aim of this study was to examine the physicochemical changes, index compound analysis results, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of FDY2004 according to the decoction duration to establish the conditions that ensure efficacy while minimizing side effects. Different samples of FDY2004 were obtained by decocting for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Each sample was evaluated for hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total soluble solid content (TSSC), index compound profiles, and antioxidative and antiproliferative activity. pH was found to decrease, while TSSC increased with an increase in decoction duration. Index compound contents for FDY2004 (aloe emodin, emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, physcion, and sennoside A for R. palmatum, paeonol for P. suffruticosa Andrews, and amygdalin for P. davidiana) increased when the decoction duration was 120 minutes or more, while the content of sennoside A did not increase. The total d-glucose amount increased with an increase in boiling duration. Antioxidant activity of FDY2004 increased when the decoction duration was 120 minutes or more, and the antiproliferative activity of FDY2004 was concentration dependent. The decoction duration for FDY2004 needs to be carefully determined so as to maintain efficacy while reducing side effects related to digestive absorption.

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28

Yamasaki, Katsuhiro, Masami Kawaguchi, Takaomi Tagami, Yoshiyuki Sawabe, and Satoshi Takatori. "Simple and rapid analysis of sennoside A and sennoside B contained in crude drugs and crude drug products by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Natural Medicines 64, no. 2 (2009): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-009-0377-x.

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29

Zhang, Dongjian, Dejian Huang, Yun Ji, et al. "Experimental evaluation of radioiodinated sennoside B as a necrosis-avid tracer agent." Journal of Drug Targeting 23, no. 2 (2014): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1061186x.2014.971328.

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30

TAKAHASHI, Mitsuko, Katsumi SAKURAI, and Koichi SAITO. "Stability Study of Sennoside Standard Solution and Structure Analysis of Degradation Product." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 61, no. 4 (2012): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.61.341.

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31

YANG, Ling, Teruaki AKAO, Kyoichi KOBASHI, and Masao HATTORI. "A Sennoside-Hydrolyzing .BETA.-Glucosidase from Bifidobacterium Sp. Strain SEN Is Inducible." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 19, no. 5 (1996): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.19.701.

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32

Leng-Pescklow, Elke, K. P. Odenthal, W. Voderholzer, and S. Müller-Lissner. "Chronic Sennoside Treatment Does Not Cause Habituation and Secondary Hyperaldosteronism in Rats." Pharmacology 47, no. 1 (1993): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000139856.

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33

Kobayashi, Michiko, Taketo Yamaguchi, Takeo Odaka, et al. "Regionally Differential Effects of Sennoside A on Spontaneous Contractions of Colon in Mice." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 101, no. 2 (2007): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00088.x.

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34

Sugita, K., D. Nishio, K. Kabashima, and Y. Tokura. "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by sennoside in a patient with multiple myeloma." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 22, no. 4 (2008): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02378.x.

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35

Yin, Zhiqi, Lidan Sun, Qiaomei Jin, et al. "Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent." Xenobiotica 47, no. 11 (2017): 980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2016.1258740.

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36

Odenthal, K. P., E. Leng-Peschlow, W. Voderholzer, and S. Müller-Lissner. "Effects of Long-Term Sennoside Treatment on in vitro Motility of Rat Colon." Pharmacology 47, no. 1 (1993): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000139854.

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37

Sugiyama, Akiko, Masanori Nakashima, and Seiji Nishida. "Rapid Analsis of Sennoside A and B in Health Teas by Capillary Electrophoresis." JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 45, no. 5 (1999): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs.45.293.

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38

Le, Jiamei, Xiaoying Zhang, Weiping Jia, et al. "Regulation of microbiota–GLP1 axis by sennoside A in diet-induced obese mice." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9, no. 4 (2019): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.014.

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39

Dhanani, Tushar, Raghuraj Singh, Nagaraja Reddy, A. Trivedi, and Satyanshu Kumar. "Comparison on extraction yield of sennoside A and sennoside B from senna (Cassia angustifolia) using conventional and non conventional extraction techniques and their quantification using a validated HPLC-PDA detection method." Natural Product Research 31, no. 9 (2016): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1258562.

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40

Terninko, Inna I., Evgeny V. Vishnyakov, Margarita A. Romanova, and Yulia E. Generalova. "Determination of the marker compounds for standardization medicinal herbal species «Pectorales tea №1» and «Proctofitol»." Pharmacy Formulas 2, no. 2 (2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/phf34611.

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The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation 14th ed. suggests to standardize herbal teas using the procedures presented in the pharmacopoeia monographs but this approach is not always relevant due to complexity of this dosage form composition. The purpose of investigation is to estimate quality of herbal teas utilizing monographs recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation 14th ed. for the individual components of teas and suggest feasible alternative approaches to standardization of multicomponent herbal drugs. The objects of investigation Pectorales species № 1 and Proctofitol. Detection of substances was carried out using chromatographic (TLC and HPLC) and spectrophotometric methods recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation 14th ed. for individual components measured in term of marker biological active substances or substances found in the course of quality analysis. It has been found out that the content of flavonoids measured in terms of giperosid surpasses over the equivalent figure in terms of luteolin in the extractions from Pectorales species № 1. The content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the same tea measured in terms of rosmarinic acid surpasses over the equivalent figure in terms of chlorogenic acid. Analysis of anthracene derivates in the Proctofitol has shown that the adsorption maximum of phenolate solution of anthracene derivates (523 nm) coincides with maximum by which was calculated the mass attenuation coefficient of sennoside B (523 nm) (for chrysophanic acid = 515 nm) and the maximum of adsorption of extraction from the tea with using alcohol solution of magnesium acetate (515 nm) coincides with maximum by which was calculated the mass attenuation coefficient of glucofrangulin A. Preliminary cleaning Proctofitol off anthracene derivates allowed to estimate the content of glycyrrhizic acid more completely. The giperosid was suggested as a marker substance for determination of flavonoids, rosmarinic acid was suggested as a standard for hydroxycinnamic acids in Pectorales species № 1. The sennoside B was suggested as a marker for estimating of content of anthracene derivates in the Proctofitol and the necessity of cleaning this tea off anthracene derivates when defining glycyrrhizic acid was proven.

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Jokipii, S. G., and Gustaf Östling. "Laxative Effect of Sennoside A and Placebo in a Double-blind Cross-over Test." Acta Medica Scandinavica 175 (April 24, 2009): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1964.tb04663.x.

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Al-Ghamdi, Areej Dhawi, Zoya Zaheer, and Elham Shafik Aazam. "Sennoside A drug capped biogenic fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities." Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 28, no. 8 (2020): 1035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.003.

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Arshi, A., M. Z. Abdin, and M. Iqbal. "Sennoside content and yield attributes of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. as affected by NaCl and CaCl2." Scientia Horticulturae 111, no. 1 (2006): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.08.006.

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HIRAOKA, Atsushi, Satoru KOIKE, Setsuko SAKAGUCHI, et al. "The sennoside constituents of Rhei Rhizoma and Sennae Folium as inhibitors of serum monoamine oxidase." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 37, no. 10 (1989): 2744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2744.

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Morinaga, Osamu, Hiroyuki Tanaka, and Yukihiro Shoyama. "Production of monoclonal antibody against a major purgative component, sennoside A, its characterization and ELISA." Analyst 125, no. 6 (2000): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b000988l.

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van Gorkom, B. A. P., A. Karrenbeld, E. G. E. de Vries, and J. H. Kleibeuker. "Sennoside laxatives induce apoptosis of colonlc epithelial cells by a p53, p21/WAF mediated pathway." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10, no. 12 (1998): A81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199812000-00257.

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Ma, Li, Xinyu Cao, Xiaotong Ye, Jianping Ye, and Yongning Sun. "Sennoside A Induces GLP-1 Secretion Through Activation of the ERK1/2 Pathway in L-Cells." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 13 (April 2020): 1407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s247251.

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Fujita, M., M. Oya, H. Terada, K. Sasaki, S. Akao, and H. Ishikawa. "A Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Sennoside and Cisapride on Bowel Preparation for Flexible Sigmoidoscopy." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 49, no. 5 (1996): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.49.394.

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Gunay, Emre, and Hasan Abuoğlu. "Comparison of the Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol, Sennoside and Sodium Phosphate in Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy." Turkish Journal of Colorectal Disease 28, no. 4 (2018): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/tjcd.64325.

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Saito, Takaharu, Takehisa Yamada, Yuji Iwanaga, et al. "Calcium Polycarbophil, a Water Absorbing Polymer, Increases Bowel Movement and Prevents Sennoside-Induced Diarrhea in Dogs." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 83, no. 3 (2000): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)30586-4.

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