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1
Sanders, John T. "Retinae don't see." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 6 (December 2004): 890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04250208.
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Sensation should indeed be understood globally: some infant behaviors do not make sense on the model of separate senses; neonates of all species lack time to learn about the world by triangulating among different senses. Considerations of natural selection favor a global understanding; and the global interpretation is not as opposed to traditional work on sensation as might seem.
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Kusanagi, Kenta, Daisuke Sato, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, and Norimasa Yamada. "Water Sensation During Passive Propulsion for Expert and Nonexpert Swimmers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 124, no. 3 (April 19, 2017): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512517704341.
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This study determined whether expert swimmers, compared with nonexperts, have superior movement perception and physical sensations of propulsion in water. Expert (national level competitors, n = 10) and nonexpert (able to swim 50 m in > 3 styles, n = 10) swimmers estimated distance traveled in water with their eyes closed. Both groups indicated their subjective physical sensations in the water. For each of two trials, two-dimensional coordinates were obtained from video recordings using the two-dimensional direct linear transformation method for calculating changes in speed. The mean absolute error of the difference between the actual and estimated distance traveled in the water was significantly lower for expert swimmers (0.90 ± 0.71 meters) compared with nonexpert swimmers (3.85 ± 0.84 m). Expert swimmers described the sensation of propulsion in water in cutaneous terms as the “sense of flow” and sensation of “skin resistance.” Therefore, expert swimmers appear to have a superior sense of distance during their movement in the water compared with that of nonexpert swimmers. In addition, expert swimmers may have a better perception of movement in water. We propose that expert swimmers integrate sensations and proprioceptive senses, enabling them to better perceive and estimate distance moved through water.
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Smith, Roger. "“The Sixth Sense”: Towards a History of Muscular Sensation." Gesnerus 68, no. 2 (November 11, 2011): 218–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-06802004.
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This paper outlines the history of knowledge about the muscular sense and provides a bibliographic resource for further research. A range of different topics, questions and approaches have interrelated throughout this history, and the discussion clarifies this rather than presenting detailed research in any one area. P art I relates the origin of belief in a muscular sense to empiricist accounts of the contribution of the senses to knowledge from Locke, via the idéologues and other authors, to the second half of the nineteenth century. Analysis paid much attention to touch, first in the context of the theory of vision and then in its own right, which led to naming a distinct muscular sense. From 1800 to the present, there was much debate, the main lines of which this paper introduces, about the nature and function of what turned out to be a complex sense. A number of influential psycho-physiologists, notably Alexander Bain and Herbert Spencer, thought this sense the most primitive and primary of all, the origin of knowledge of world, causation and self as an active subject. Part II relates accounts of the muscular sense to the development of nervous physiology and of psychology. In the decades before 1900, t he developing separation of philosophy, psychology and physiology as specialised disciplines divided up questions which earlier writers had discussed under the umbrella heading of muscular sensation. The term ‘kinaesthesia’ came in 1880 and ‘proprio-ception’ in 1906. There was, all the same, a lasting interest in the argument that touch and muscular sensation are intrinsic to the existence of embodied being in the way the other senses are not. In the wider culture – the arts, sport, the psychophysiology of labour and so on – there were many ways in which people expressed appreciation of the importance of what the anatomist Charles Bell had called ‘the sixth sense’.
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Vandierendonck, André, and Koen Van Der Goten. "Sensation of Resistor-Induced Warmth in Blind Persons." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (June 1994): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259407800309.
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It is commonly believed that the human sense of warmth is inferior in spatiotemporal acuity to the tactile senses. However, little or no evidence is available about the active feeling of warmth. We investigated the ability of people to detect in an active way small changes of warmth on very small areas (2-mm × 2-mm resistors). To that end, a new procedure was developed to measure perception of warmth. The results indicate that people who are able to detect the warmth stimuli perceive small incremental changes and that detection performance improves as stimulus intensity increases. Male subjects seem to be less sensitive than female subjects at lower levels of stimulation, but this relationship is reversed at higher levels of stimulation.
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Spence, Charles, Fabiana M. Carvalho, and David Howes. "Metallic: A Bivalent Ambimodal Material Property?" i-Perception 12, no. 5 (September 2021): 204166952110377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211037710.
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Many metallic visual stimuli, especially the so-called precious metals, have long had a rich symbolic meaning for humans. Intriguingly, however, while metallic is used to describe sensations associated with pretty much every sensory modality, the descriptor is normally positively valenced in the case of vision while typically being negatively valenced in the case of those metallic sensations that are elicited by the stimulation of the chemical senses. In fact, outside the visual modality, metallic would often appear to be used to describe those sensations that are unfamiliar and unpleasant as much as to refer to any identifiable perceptual quality (or attribute). In this review, we assess those sensory stimuli that people choose to refer to as metallic, summarising the multiple, often symbolic, meanings of (especially precious) metals. The evidence of positively valenced sensation transference from metallic serviceware (e.g., plates, cups, and cutlery) to the food and drink with which it comes into contact is also reviewed.
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Stillman, Jennifer A. "Gustation: Intersensory Experience Par Excellence." Perception 31, no. 12 (December 2002): 1491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3284.
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On the face of it, basic tactile sensation might seem the only essential sensory requirement for the delivery of foods and beverages to the digestive system. In practice, however, the appropriate delivery of raw materials for the maintenance and repair of the body requires complex sensory and cognitive processes, such that flavour sensation arguably constitutes the pre-eminent example of an integrated multicomponent perceptual experience. To raise the profile of the chemical senses amongst researchers in other perceptual domains, I review here the contribution of various sense modalities to the flavour of foods and beverages. Further, in the light of these multisensory inputs, the physiological and psychophysical research summarised in this paper invites optimism that novel ways will be found to intervene when nutritional status is compromised either by specific dietary restraints, or by taste and smell disorders.
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Verry, René. "Don't Take Touch for Granted: An Interview with Susan Lederman." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 1 (January 1998): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2501_21.
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Susan Lederman (SL) is an invited member of the International Council of Research Fellows for the Braille Research Center and a Fellow of he Canadian Psychology Association. She was also an Associate of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research in the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Programme for 8 years. A Professor in the Departments of Psychology and Computing & Information Science at Queen's University at Kingston (Ontario, Canada), she has written and coauthored numerous articles on tactile psychophysics, haptic perception and cognition, motor control, and haptic applications in robotics, teleoperation, and virtual environments. She is currently the coorganizer of the Annual Symposium a Haptic Interfaces for Teleoperation and Virtual Environment Systems. René Verry (RV) is a psychology professor at Millikin University (Decatur, IL), where she teaches a variety of courses in the experimental core, including Sensation and Perception. She chose the often-subordinated somatic senses as the focus of her interview, and recruited Susan Lederman as our research specialist.
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Scholle, Stephen R. "A Controlled Study of Sensation Awareness and Verbal Disclosure for Regulation of Arousal and Anxiety." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 1 (February 1992): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.307.
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Interactions of attention and verbalization were investigated for effects of self-reported arousal and state-anxiety. Levels of verbalization from silence through talking-without-a-listener to disclosure were compared while self-directed attention was manipulated for sensation versus general thoughts and feelings. Following a stimulus, disclosure of sensations was expected to reduce state anxiety and increase energetic arousal significantly more than disclosure of thoughts. Based on a randomly assigned sample of 120 men, a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction in the predicted directions. A significant interaction was also found for the 3 × 2 interaction for energetic arousal. For state anxiety means were in the predicted direction. Results indicate that verbalization of sensations is more energizing and calming than silence, while for general thought, silence is more energizing and calming than verbalization. The results suggest efficacy in reframing self-talk to quiet awareness and in communicating sensed distinctions as they emerge.
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Gregory, Richard L. "Questions of Quanta and Qualia: Does Sensation Make Sense of Matter—Or Does Matter Make Sense of Sensation? Part 1." Perception 17, no. 6 (December 1988): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p170699.
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Gregory, Richard L. "Questions of Quanta and Qualia: Does Sensation Make Sense of Matter—Or Does Matter Make Sense of Sensation? Part 2." Perception 18, no. 1 (February 1989): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180001.
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ORTÚZAR ESCUDERO, María José. "The Place of Sense Perception in Thirteenth-Century Encyclopaedias." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 25 (December 20, 2018): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v25i.11635.
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Several studies have approached sense perception in the encyclopaedias of Thomas of Cantimpré, Bartholomew the Englishman and Vincent of Beauvais. Yet a systematic overview and comparison of the arrangement of sense perception in these encyclopaedias is still lacking. The overview offered here shows that all encyclopaedias place sense perception beside expositions on psychology and anatomy. There are, however, significant differences in how they treat the objects of sensation. In the case of Bartholomew and Vincent, I argue, these differences reflect two different readings of Aristotle.
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Spence, Charles. "Attending to the Chemical Senses." Multisensory Research 32, no. 7 (2019): 635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20191468.
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Abstract Theorizing around the topic of attention and its role in human information processing largely emerged out of research on the so-called spatial senses: vision, audition, and to a lesser extent, touch. Thus far, the chemical senses have received far less research interest (or should that be attention) from those experimental psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists interested in the topic. Nevertheless, this review highlights the key role that attentional selection also plays in chemosensory information processing and awareness. Indeed, many of the same theoretical approaches/experimental paradigms that were originally developed in the context of the spatial senses, can be (and in some cases already have been) extended to provide a useful framework for thinking about the perception of taste/flavour. Furthermore, a number of those creative individuals interested in modifying the perception of taste/flavour by manipulating product-extrinsic cues (such as, for example, music in the case of sonic seasoning) are increasingly looking to attentional accounts in order to help explain the empirical phenomena that they are starting to uncover. However, separate from its role in explaining sonic seasoning, gaining a better understanding of the role of attentional distraction in modulating our eating/drinking behaviours really ought to be a topic of growing societal concern. This is because distracted diners (e.g., those who eat while watching TV, fiddling with a mobile device or smartphone, or even while driving) consume significantly more than those who mindfully pay attention to the sensations associated with eating and drinking.
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Rogowska. "The Sensational Past and Present: How We Use Our Senses Today." American Journal of Psychology 133, no. 1 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.1.0138.
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Sulejmanov, Filip. "The relation of humor structure appreciation with sensation seeking and judgments of complex-abstract art and sophisticated music." Psihologija 51, no. 2 (2018): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi170131010s.
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The aim of the present study is two-fold. Firstly, the relation between sensation seeking and humor structure appreciation has been investigated (Carretero-Dios & Ruch, 2010), and also the association between humor structure appreciation and complex-abstract art has been reported (Ruch & Hehl, 1998). In that sense, this study aims to replicate previously reported findings. Second, the association between humor structure appreciation and sophisticated music (Rentfrow, Goldberg, & Levitin, 2011) was explored. Results obtained from 77 participants partially supported the predictions. Sensation seeking was negatively related with the aversiveness ratings of Nonsense humor, while pleasantness of complex-abstract art was negatively associated with funniness of Incongruity?Resolution humor and positively with the structure preference index. Aversiveness of Incongruity?Resolution humor correlated negatively with sophisticated music ratings. Finally, ratings on the abstract-art paintings and sophisticated musical excerpts were positively associated. Implications of the findings, limitations of this study and avenues for further research are examined.
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Kozachun, V. L. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF THE PERSONAL SENSE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MENTAL IMAGE OF ILLNESS OF SOMATIC DISEASE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA)." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology 6(72), no. 3 (2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1709-2020-6-3-99-114.
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The topicality of the psychological correction of the personal sense in the structure of mental image of illness of somatic disease is stated. The conception of mental image of illness (on the example of bronchial asthma) from the bodily psychology point of view is considered. All the variants of the personal sense of disease (as a result of interrelations and interactions of actual personal motives in connection with the disease), including negative, positive and conflict senses, are overviewed. It is resumed, that all the variants of the personal sense of disease in the bodily psychology more or less have negative connotation and can cause various psychosomatic deviations or disorders. Thus, it is necessary to determine the most optimal and favorable from the therapeutic and prognostic points of view personal sense of disease. Thereby, the notion of the “adequate” negative personal sense of disease is suggested. The “adequate” negative personal sense of disease should be formed in the process of psychological correction over against “inadequate” negative and conflict senses of the disease. It should be understood as such, which is conducive for the adaptation to the disease, the formation of the aspiration to overcome the disease and understanding the health as a value, and the achievement of the recovery on the background of the most complete, full-scale, clear and conscious perception of the disease in accordance with the objective, “external” image of illness. The formation of the “adequate” negative personal sense of disease is possible through following the overviewed methodological and technological vectors and outlines in the process of psychological correction. It is shown, that due to the structure of mental image of illness as a holistic consciousness image, the correction of the personal sense of disease will cause the changes on the other levels of mental image of illness and formation of the “adequate” mental image of illness in general. Herewith, the psychological correction on the level of the perception of intraceptive bodily sensations and emotional experiences and on the level of mythologizing should complement the program of psychological correction and increase the efficiency of psychocorrective effect.
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Cogan, A. I. "Testing the Hypothesis of Labelled Detectors." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970203.
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The hypothesis of labelled detectors (or ‘lines’) is the present-day version of the basic Müller - Helmholtz doctrine. Müller's dictum of specific energy of nerves stated: “the same internal cause excites (…) in each sense the sensation peculiar to it”. Helmholtz made ‘the cause’ external to the body and postulated that all knowledge about the world thus comes through the senses. The key word is specificity. The strong version of the hypothesis must treat detection - identification as a single task: a stimulus would be identified whenever it is detected. The weak version requires only that we identify a specific mechanism by which both detection and identification are achieved, even though the latter may require additional processing. In the general case, the strong version (with its ludicrous ‘grandmother cell’ as the neural substrate) finds little support. Detection and recognition of complex shapes (letters, faces, etc) aside, even discrimination between simple increments and decrements of luminance is difficult to attribute directly to a specific mechanism (in this case, the activity in either ON or OFF systems, respectively). This is demonstrated by experiment 1 reported here. However, perception of relative depth seems to conform to the strong version of the hypothesis, as experiment 2, also reported here, indicates. Thus, at least some specific neural mechanisms (in this case, probably the crossed and uncrossed disparity detectors) may be indeed linked directly to perception.
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Hunt, Harry T. "Cognition and States of Consciousness: The Necessity for Empirical Study of Ordinary and Nonordinary Consciousness for Contemporary Cognitive Psychology." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 1 (February 1985): 239–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.239.
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Recent criticisms of the place and function of “consciousness” in “cognitive science” are considered and rejected. Contrary to current orthodoxy subjective experience during abstract cognitive activity, especially when placed in its natural series with phenomenal accounts of so-called “altered states of consciousness,” can provide unique and crucial evidence concerning just that core of “semantics” which eludes the automatized “syntax” of computer simulation. The “noetic” aspect of extreme altered states can be placed in relation to introspective descriptions of “insight.” Various altered state features—synaesthesias, geometric/mandala imagery, reorganizations of “perceptual” dimensions and enhanced “self-reference”—can be taken as direct “exteriorizations” of abstract symbolic processes as discussed by Neisser, Geschwind, Mead, and Arnheim. A genuine cognitive psychology cannot continue to ignore the qualitative-experiential bases of symbolization. More specifically, the sense that insight just comes to us as if from “outside,” its preliminary microgenetic processes masked, does not show the failure of introspective phenomenology but rather offers a unique and positive clue to the imaginal dialogic structure of higher mental processes. Thinking, as one phase of imaginal “conversation,” must be “sent” from the phenomenal “other” to an attenuated, receptive phenomenal “self.” A reconsideration of the Würzburg controversy, adding closely related altered state phenomena to the transitional series between “impalpable awareness” and specific imagery, suggests that the normally masked processes underlying the “felt meaning” or “insight” state are most directly exteriorized as what Klüver termed “complex” or geometric-dynamic synaesthesias. Finally, a reinterpretation of classical introspectionism's “sensation” shows the “mechanism” by which the metaphorical/synaesthetic processes of cognition are generated. Titchener's “sensation” plays the crucial role in metaphor it so conspicuously lacked in functional perception.
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Scheubeck, Stephanie. "Colours on the surface of my body in motion: The relationship between synaesthesia and dance improvisation." Journal of Dance & Somatic Practices 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jdsp.11.1.25_1.
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In synaesthesia, the stimulation of one sense or cognitive concept simultaneously and involuntarily produces a sensation in a second sense or cognitive experience. while synaesthesia has been investigated from neuroscience and psychology to social sciences and the arts, the relationship between synaesthesia and dance is largely un-researched. This article provides insight into my practice-led research project on the relationship between synaesthesia and dance improvisation, informed by somatic practice. It demonstrates the interrelation of synaesthesia and dance improvisation when performed by a synaesthete, and discusses the role of attention in this context as well as explorations of the relationship between synaesthesia, somatic practice and dance improvisation by synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes. In conclusion it is suggested that research into synaesthesia through dance and somatic practice can contribute to an integral understanding of this highly quantitatively investigated phenomenon.
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Bowling, Jessamyn, Brian Dodge, Nyamat Bindra, Bhaktiben Dave, Ritika Sharma, Vikram Sundarraman, Sivakumar Thirupathur Dharuman, and Debby Herbenick. "Female condom acceptability in urban India: Examining the role of sexual pleasure." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317745963.
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This qualitative study examined the acceptability of female condoms in urban India, with a focus on sexual pleasure. We conducted focus group discussions with 50 women and 19 men, as well as a small number of individual interviews with women ( n = 3), in Chennai and New Delhi. Perceived benefits of female condoms included protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, increased sense of empowerment for women, and simple clean up. The most common drawback was reduced sensation. Participants suggested structural changes to the female condom to ease insertion and use. Consent and privacy were discussed as increasing sexual pleasure. Pleasure should be acknowledged in design and education efforts to increase female condom use.
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Gallagher, Maria, and Elisa Raffaella Ferrè. "Cybersickness: a Multisensory Integration Perspective." Multisensory Research 31, no. 7 (2018): 645–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20181293.
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Abstract In the past decade, there has been a rapid advance in Virtual Reality (VR) technology. Key to the user’s VR experience are multimodal interactions involving all senses. The human brain must integrate real-time vision, hearing, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs to produce the compelling and captivating feeling of immersion in a VR environment. A serious problem with VR is that users may develop symptoms similar to motion sickness, a malady called cybersickness. At present the underlying cause of cybersickness is not yet fully understood. Cybersickness may be due to a discrepancy between the sensory signals which provide information about the body’s orientation and motion: in many VR applications, optic flow elicits an illusory sensation of motion which tells users that they are moving in a certain direction with certain acceleration. However, since users are not actually moving, their proprioceptive and vestibular organs provide no cues of self-motion. These conflicting signals may lead to sensory discrepancies and eventually cybersickness. Here we review the current literature to develop a conceptual scheme for understanding the neural mechanisms of cybersickness. We discuss an approach to cybersickness based on sensory cue integration, focusing on the dynamic re-weighting of visual and vestibular signals for self-motion.
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Johnson, David W. "The Anonymous Subject of Life—Some Philosophical, Psychological, and Religious Considerations." Research in Phenomenology 49, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691640-12341432.
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Abstract One of the hallmarks of the Japanese psychiatrist and philosopher Kimura Bin’s (b. 1931) philosophical approach is the conversion of ordinary words into philosophical concepts. Here we focus on the way he appropriates the Japanese words onozukara and mizukara, ordinary terms associated, respectively, with things that occur naturally, spontaneously, or by themselves, and those that come from oneself. This re-reading of these terms as philosophical concepts furnishes an interpretive frame that brings together and makes sense of large and important concepts in philosophy and psychology such as self and nature, perception and sensation, collective subjectivity and individual subject, schizophrenia and self-realization. His appropriation of these two Japanese terms also uncovers a general and impersonal form of subjectivity that underlies our experience of ourselves as individuated subjects and stands at the center of his philosophical and psychological investigations into these phenomena.
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Walsh, Susan. "““Arithmetic of Bedlam!!””: Markets and Manhood in Charles Reade's Hard Cash." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2008.63.1.1.
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Abstract In Charles Reade's underread sensation novel Hard Cash (1863), the hero is imprisoned in an insane asylum so that his father's fiscal crimes may remain concealed. The exposéé of asylum abuse that follows this development, together with Reade's fierce critique of how committal laws may be exploited by unscrupulous others, has understandably foregrounded the lunacy plot as the novel's defining feature. This essay, however, presents an economic reading that examines how the lunacy thread extends from the title Hard Cash, which announces the novel's theme. The Cash in question is a coveted and surprisingly mobile sum of money, ££14,000, whose nominal amount and vicissitudes reflect aspects of the larger Victorian economy. It is the ““one point”” toward which action and interests converge. Hard Cash captures a structure of feeling at mid-century, a sense of what it feels like to be an economic man, rendering modern consciousness in melodramatic and sensational modes. By literalizing idioms of anxiety and assaulting male characters with relentless reversals of fortune, Reade dramatizes how economic pressures shape the hero's psychology, behavior, and conception of heroic manliness, fashioning him into a modern subject suited to the commercial age. The examples of madness in Hard Cash extend far beyond the hero's case, and are rooted in financial realities that include unreliable monetary instruments, panic-stricken markets, speculative fevers, and perennial debates about risk, credit, and the nature of money.
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Bird, Graham. "The Trouble with Kant." Philosophy 74, no. 4 (October 1999): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819199000698.
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Anthony Quinton's ‘The Trouble with Kant’ (Philosophy, Vol. 72, no. 279, January, 1997, pp. 5–18) claims to expose radical faults in Kant's epistemology which are not pointed out ‘in the many commentators (he) has studied’ (p. 17). The faults are, initially, that Kant is a ‘wild and intellectually irresponsible arguer’ (p. 5), and finally that Kant's account of a priori intuitions and concepts is erroneous (p. 16). Quinton suggests that his objections are new, but the truth is that they, and the supposedly Kantian views against which they are directed, have formed a frequent response in commentators from Hegel to Strawson. The ‘wild and irresponsible arguer’ charge is, after all, a commonplace among the ‘fighting Kant tooth and nail’ commentators, though it remains to be shown that Kant is markedly worse than other philosophers of the same period. And the central claim against which Quinton directs his assault, that we impose a spatio-temporal-categorial framework on the manifold of sensation (pp. 5 and 7), has provoked fierce and extensive hostility. Throughout his article Quinton assumes an interpretation of Kant's claim in which his task is to show how our minds construct a common, objective, reality from a spatio-temporal-categorial synthesis ‘by applying a piece of mental apparatus ... to ... a manifold of sensation’ (p. 5). The familiar objections to a ‘coloured spectacles’ interpretation of Kant's account of space and time, and Strawson's initial rejection of the ‘imaginary subject of transcendental psychology’ (Bounds of Sense (London; Methuen, 1966) p. 32) belong to the same tradition.
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Dittburner, Terri-Lynn, and M. A. Persinger. "Intensity of Amnesia during Hypnosis is Positively Correlated with Estimated Prevalence of Sexual Abuse and Alien Abductions: Implications for the False Memory Syndrome." Perceptual and Motor Skills 77, no. 3 (December 1993): 895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.3.895.
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20 normal young women listened to an ambiguous story concerning a young boy who experienced fear, odd smells, and a smothering sensation during the night and skin lesions the next morning. After the Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) had been established, they were asked to estimate either the percentage prevalence of childhood sexual abuse or alien abduction in the general population. There were moderate (0.50) positive correlations between the subjects' estimates of prevalence and the amount of amnesia (“lost time”) and indices of right-hemispheric anomalies (history of sensed presence and left-ear suppressions during a dichotic-listening task). Relevance of observations to formation of the False Memory Syndrome and to the development of nonpsychotic delusions is discussed.
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Szpunar, Piotr M. "Promnesic futures: Technology, climate, déjà vu." Memory Studies 14, no. 4 (June 22, 2021): 747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211024318.
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What is the function of the past in visions of the future? For critics, futures built on recycled futures-past, at best, signal a failure of imagination and, at worst, foreclose much-needed alternatives. Against a backdrop in which the future is predominantly thought of as a threat, this paper offers a more nuanced account of the entanglement of past and future at lieux de futur, complex assemblages of imagination, relations to time, scales of the past, forgetting, and sense experiences. Utilizing fieldwork at the 2018 Future of Everything Festival and collected materials from Astana Expo 2017 this paper reconsiders the function of the familiar in visions of tomorrow through the concept of déjà vu (promnesia). Triggered by a single familiar element among what is presented as novel, déjà vu activates a sensation that one can see the future unfold before its full arrival. Promnesic futures thus act as a prophylactic against broader looming threats (e.g. climate change) by rendering them seemingly navigable.
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Jelinek, Lena, Sarah Randjbar, Michael Kellner, Angnes Untiedt, Jana Volkert, Christoph Muhtz, and Steffen Moritz. "Intrusive Memories and Modality-Specific Mental Imagery in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Zeitschrift für Psychologie / Journal of Psychology 218, no. 2 (January 2010): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/a000013.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by vivid intrusive memories of the trauma. Among these, visual sensations of the trauma are most commonly reported. However, intrusions may involve other senses as well (e.g., acoustic, olfactory, or bodily sensations). It has been proposed that enhanced mental imagery may predispose individuals with traumatic experiences to intrusions and ultimately to PTSD. A total of 58 victims of interpersonal violence with current (n = 20), past (n = 19), and no lifetime PTSD (n = 19) as well as non-traumatized controls (n = 23) were assessed with the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) and a modality-specific imagery questionnaire. Moreover, the sensory quality of the traumatic intrusions was assessed in traumatized participants. Participants with recovered PTSD displayed less overall mental imagery than the other three groups who were indistinguishable. No relation was found between the modality-specific mental imagery and the sensory quality of the intrusions. The impact of mental imagery on intrusive memories in PTSD is complex. Less mental imagery appears beneficial in the recovery process, but does not prevent the development of intrusive symptoms in the first place. Further investigation of perceptual and memory vividness as well imagery control (i.e., to sustain, modify, or terminate an image) also including trauma-related material may be important for trauma-specific interventions.
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Sakai, Nobuyuki. "Sensation and perception of chemical senses." Journal of Japan Association on Odor Environment 37, no. 6 (2006): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2171/jao.37.397.
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Ikoniadou, Eleni. "Abstract Time and Affective Perception in the Sonic Work of Art." Body & Society 20, no. 3-4 (September 2014): 140–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x14546056.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the concept of rhythm as enabling relations and thus as an appropriate mode of analysis for digital sound art installation. In particular, the article argues for a rhythmanalysis of the sonic event as a ‘vibrating sensation’ (Deleuze and Guattari) that incorporates the virtual without necessarily actualizing it. Picking up on notions such as rhythm, time, affect, and event, particularly through their discussion in relation to Susanne Langer’s work, I argue for the consideration of the sonic event as an instance of a different kind of temporality subsisting underneath clock-time and sense perception. Ultimately, and this is the position of this essay, an investigation into experimental projects that interweave digital, sound, and aesthetic dimensions enables the articulation of a rhythmic time that helps account for the unknown, indeterminate, and unintentional forces immanent to the sonic.
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Fahey, Samira, Chavelyn Santana, Ryo Kitada, and Zane Zheng. "Affective judgement of social touch on a hand associated with hand embodiment." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 10 (April 12, 2019): 2408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819842785.
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Social touch constitutes a critical component of human interactions. A gentle tap on the hand, for instance, can sometimes create emotional bonding and reduce interpersonal distance in social interactions. Evidence of tactile empathy suggests that touch can be experienced through both physical sensation and observation, yet vicarious perception of observed touch on an object as a function of the object’s conceptual representation (e.g., Is this object identified as mine? Does this object feel like part of me?) remains less explored. Here we examined the affective judgement of social touch when the illusory sense of ownership over a dummy hand was manipulated through the rubber-hand illusion. When the same social touch was performed on either the real or the dummy hand, we found a similar sense of perceived pleasantness between the felt and observed touch, but only when the dummy hand was embodied; when it was not, the perceived pleasantness of the observed touch was lesser (an “embodiment effect”; Experiment 1). In addition, we found that the embodiment effect associated with the observed touch was insensitive to the way in which embodiment was manipulated (Experiment 2), and that this effect was specific to social but not neutral touch (Experiment 3). Taken together, our findings suggest a role of embodiment in the affective component of observed social touch and contribute to our understanding of tactile empathy for objects.
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Drew, Stefanie A., Jasmine F. Awad, Brandon C. Hackney, and Elise Fenn. "Orange Is Less Than Green: An Examination of Bidirectionality in Grapheme-Color Synesthesia." Perception 47, no. 8 (May 28, 2018): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618779485.
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Grapheme-color synesthetes experience a sense of color when viewing graphemes (e.g., digits and letters). Traditionally, these synesthetic perceptions are considered to be unidirectional, where viewing a grapheme elicits a nonveridical sensation of color, but viewing a color does not induce a reciprocal sense of a grapheme. A growing body of research has emerged that suggests the potential for bidirectional percepts, wherein color facilitates additional grapheme perception. We present here a novel paradigm in which we presented two sets of pure color patches, based on synesthete’s reported colors, side-by-side and asked participants to indicate the color patch with the greater affiliated magnitude. Results indicated that the odds of answering correctly on trials were significantly greater for synesthetes (80.2% accuracy) than nonsynesthetes (52.1% accuracy). These results are aligned with other reports that support the notion of inducing a sense of magnitude from color in synesthetes. These findings challenge the traditional model of synesthesia as a unidirectional phenomenon and have implications of the neuronal communications that underlie perception in general.
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Kalebić Jakupčević, Katija, Ina Reić Ercegovac, and Snježana Dobrota. "MUSIC AS A TOOL FOR MOOD REGULATION: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTION VS. MINDFULNESS." Primenjena psihologija 14, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2021.2.229-248.
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The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between mindfulness, absorption in music, and emotion regulation through music in people who have different tastes in music. The research started from the assumption that absorption in music means the possibility of deep “absorption” in musical experience and thus a greater possibility of emotion regulation through music. In contrast to absorption, mindfulness as full awareness of the current moment or a state of consciousness in which attention is intentionally focused on one’s own experiences (bodily sensations, senses, thoughts, or emotions) could make it difficult to indulge in a musical experience. In order to test these assumptions, a study was conducted on 252 participants in late adolescence and young adulthood age who, in addition to using instruments designed to examine absorption in music, mindfulness, and emotion regulation through music, assessed their musical taste. The results showed a positive correlation between the preferences for different music styles and absorption in music, as well as between absorption in music and different strategies for regulating emotions through music. Mindfulness, on the other hand, proved to be negatively correlated with both absorption in music and most strategies for regulating mood through music. Conducted regression analyses showed that in addition to controlling musical taste, absorption in music is a positive predictor of all emotion regulation strategies, while mindfulness is a negative predictor of discharging negative emotions and forgetting unwanted thoughts and feelings through music.
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Sincar, Cerasela Dorina, Camelia Ana Grigore, Silvia Martu, Liliana Lacramioara Pavel, Alina Calin, Alina Plesea Condratovici, and Bianca Ioana Chesaru. "Chemical Senses Taste Sensation and Chemical Composition." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.1.4810.
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Taste and smell are chemical senses, which means that the receptors (chemoreceptors) of these senses respond to chemical stimuli. In order for a substance to produce a taste sensation, it should be ingested in a solution or subsequently dissolved in saliva; a solid substance put in the mouth perfectly dry is tasteless. Therefore, taste receptors or taste buds occur only on wet surfaces, more precisely in the oral cavity in land vertebrates; however, in aquatic animals, these receptors are scattered all over the body. There are functionally different types of receptors for each of the primary tastes and the distribution of each type is not even on the surface of the tongue mucosa. The sweet and sour sensitive buds are located mainly on the tip of the tongue, those sensitive to acids are located on the sides of the tongue and those stimulated by the bitter taste are located towards the back of the tongue and in the epiglottis area. Taste may be generated by substances which touch the taste buds through the blood; thus, histamine injected intravenously causes a metallic taste, glucin a sweet taste, whereas jaundice may trigger a bitter taste due to the big concentration of gallbladder constituents in the blood.
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Vrettos, Athena. "“‘Little bags of remembrance’: du Maurier’s Peter Ibbetson and Victorian Theories of Ancestral Memory”." Articles, no. 53 (May 12, 2009): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029899ar.
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AbstractIn the late-Victorian period considerable speculation that dreams provided access to ancestral memories appeared in both literary and psychological texts. Psychologists and psychical researchers such as Thomas Laycock, Samuel Butler, and F. W. H. Myers, among others, conceptualized memories and dreams as social, rather than solitary, mental functions, capable of making trans-historical connections with other minds. Their theories of ancestral memory effectively challenged the boundaries of subjectivity and the singularity of selfhood by extending identity across generations. One of the most sensational and sustained explorations of ancestral memory was George du Maurier’s 1891 novelPeter Ibbetson,which simultaneously adopted, popularized and expanded this ongoing debate about the nature of memory and the evolutionary scope of the unconscious. This essay traces the various ways in which these discourses on ancestral memory intersect. Both echoing and anticipating writers in the newly emerging memory sciences, Du Maurier’s novel explores the central role of the senses in producing and retrieving involuntary memories and envisions the mechanisms of memory as akin to modern technologies such as photography and phonography. Du Maurier’s account of ancestral memory thereby dramatizes some of the most far-reaching questions in late-Victorian psychology about the relationship between memory, identity, and the material world.
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Steege, Benjamin. "Janáhček's Chronoscope." Journal of the American Musicological Society 64, no. 3 (2011): 647–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2011.64.3.647.
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Abstract Leoš Janáček's fascination with the trappings of experimental psychology has boosted his image as a kind of realist, for whom empirical engagement with psychological experience was a prerequisite for aesthetic value. Yet careful contextualization of the sources he drew upon in later years suggests that such discourses—above all, the work of Wilhelm Wundt—work ironically against the constitution of the expressive subjectivity we are used to inferring in his work. An emblematic case in point is Janáček's use of an experimental research instrument known as the “chronoscope,” which psychologists had traditionally used for studying reaction times, a formative concern for the discipline since its emergence in the 1870s. While remarkable for its utility in accurately measuring extremely short durations, the chronoscope also highlighted the temporal limits of perception. It appealed to the composer's obsession with minute details of sensation, but it can also be seen to raise questions about the integrity or continuity of the very image of subjectivity it was meant to ascertain. The conjunction of the chronoscope's dramatization of short timespans and Janáček's related concern for the calibrated gesture together suggest a mode of interpretation through which the expressive impulse in his music may be sensed as incipient, in a state of deferral, rather than as the immediate manifestation of an integral lyrical self.
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Dunbar, Maureen E., and Jacqueline J. Shade. "Exploring the Links between Sensation & Perception." American Biology Teacher 83, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2021.83.6.377.
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In a traditional anatomy and physiology lab, the general senses – temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception – and the special senses – olfaction (smell), vision, gustation (taste), hearing, and equilibrium – are typically taught in isolation. In reality, information derived from these individual senses interacts to produce the complex sensory experience that constitutes perception. To introduce students to the concept of multisensory integration, a crossmodal perception lab was developed. In this lab, students explore how vision impacts olfaction and how vision and olfaction interact to impact flavor perception. Students are required to perform a series of multisensory tasks that focus on the interaction of multiple sensory inputs and their impact on flavor and scent perception. Additionally, students develop their own hypothesis as to which sensory modalities they believe will best assist them in correctly identifying the flavor of a candy: taste alone, taste paired with scent, or taste paired with vision. Together these experiments give students an appreciation for multisensory integration while also encouraging them to actively engage in the scientific method. They are then asked to hypothesize the possible outcome of one last experiment after collecting and assessing data from the prior tasks.
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Tchougounnikov, Serge. "The formal method in Germany and Russia: the beginnings of European psycholinguistics." Linguistic Frontiers 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2018-0008.
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AbstractGerman–Austrian psychology is a direct source of the European formalism movement both in the German context (Germany, Austria) as well as in Russia. This interest of the formalists in the corporeal component of linguistic and literary production has resulted in a particular research stream, which could be defined as a ‘linguo-somatic orientation’. In particular, this is the case of Alois Riegl’s [1] perceptive ‘tactile–optical’ method; Adolf von Hildebrand’s [2] architectonic conception; Konrad Fiedler’s [3] ‘sensorial aesthetics’; W. Wölfflin’s [4] ‘basic concepts’ of the art history, W. Worringer’s [5] psychological arts typology as well as Oskar Walzel’s sound-corporeal poetics elaborated during 1920 [6]. Within Russian formalism, psychological notions (such as ‘representation’, ‘sensation’, ‘apperception’, ‘series’, ‘clear and dark zones of consciousness’, ‘verbal gestures’ and ‘sound gestures’) are fundamental in nearly all the formalist conceptions (Viktor Šklovskij, Evgenij Polivanov, Lev Jakubinskij, Osip Brik, Boris Eixenbaum and Jurij Tynianov). This psychological background constitutes a rather heterogeneous constellation composed of psychological aesthetics and psychological linguistics of the second half of the 19th century. Independently of its intrinsic theoretical values, the formalist way of thinking about language and literature is based on the implicit dominance of psychology, which takes its sense only with respect to the German cognitive tradition, appropriated by the Geisteswissenschaften of this time. In this respect, European formalism participates in the large movement of psychologisation of the humanities. To this extent, the case of Russian formalism is really representative: it invites the rethinking of the genealogy of European structuralism in general. This accumulation of conceptual tools borrowed from the German psychological tradition also reveals a cognitive charge of the formalist theories. The latter constitute a conceptual link between the properly psychological past of the European Geisteswissenschaften and the ‘cognitive’ future of the actual research programmes. Beyond the borrowing of conceptual tools from the psychological trend, the formal method has found in psychology its inspiration for producing new models of analysis. This intrinsically cognitivist dimension of the formalist programme explains its late success during the 1950s–1960s, the period often and abusively called the period of the cognitivist revolution. In reality, it deals with the re-emergence of the research programme of the cognitivist sciences, rather exhaustively formulated by the German psychological tradition..
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Shakya, Sudha. "COLOR VISION DEFECT: COLOR BLINDNESS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, no. 3SE (December 31, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3619.
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Humans have many types of sensations such as sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste etc. They originate from stimulants, which a person receives from their external environment, stimulate the stimulating senses i.e. eye, ear, skin, nose and tongue, and produce different sensations. According to Eiseneck (1972), "sensation is a mental process that is no longer divisible." It is produced by external stimuli that affect the senses, and its intensity depends on the stimulus, and its properties depend on the nature of the senses. Apart from these five sensations, there are other sensations such as incidental sensation, static sensation and motion sensation.
मानव में कई प्रकार की संवेदनाएं होती हैं जैसे दृष्टि, श्रवण, स्पर्श, गंध, स्वाद आदि। इनकी उत्पत्ति उद्दीपकों से होती है, जिसे व्यक्ति अपने बाह्य पर्यावरण से ग्रहण करता है, यह उद्दीपक ज्ञानेन्द्रियों अर्थात आंख, कान, त्वचा, नाक और जिव्हा को उद्दीप्त करते हैं, और विभिन्न संवेदना को उत्पन्न करते हैं। आइजनेक (1972) के अनुसार ‘‘ संवेदना एक मानसिक प्रक्रम है जो आगे विभाजन योग्य नहीं होता। यह ज्ञानेन्द्रियों को प्रभावित करने वाली बाह्य उत्तेजना द्वारा उत्पादित होता है, तथा इसकी तीव्रता उत्तेजना पर निर्भर करती है, और इसके गुण ज्ञानेन्द्रिय की प्रकृति पर निर्भर करते हैं। इन पांच संवेदनाओं के अतिरिक्त अन्य संवेदना भी है जैसे आंगिक संवेदना, स्थैतिक संवेदना तथा गति संवेदना।
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Costantini, Mariaconcetta. "Science, Sexuality and Sensation Novels: Pleasures of the Senses." Women's Writing 20, no. 2 (March 2013): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2013.773785.
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MacIsaac, D. Gregory. "Non enim ab hiis que sensus est iudicare sensum.Sensation and Thought in Theaetetus, Plotinus and Proclus." International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 192–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725473-12341287.
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I examine the relation between sensation and discursive thought (dianoia) in Plato, Plotinus, and Proclus. InTheaetetus, a soul whose highest faculty was sensation would have no unified experience of the sensible world, lacking universal ideas to give order to the sensible flux. It is implied that such universals are grasped by the soul’s thinking. In Plotinus the soul is not passive when it senses the world, but as thelogosof all things it thinks the world through its own forms.Proclus argues against the derivation of universallogoifrom the senses, which alone can’t make the sensible world comprehensible. At most they give a record of the original sense-impression in its particularity. The soul’s own projected logoi give the sensible world stability. For Proclus, bare sensation does not depend on thought, but a unified experience of the sense-world depends on its paradigmaticlogoiin our souls.
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Daly, Nicholas. "Railway Novels: Sensation Fiction and the Modernization of the Senses." ELH 66, no. 2 (1999): 461–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.1999.0013.
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Stephens, Elizabeth. "Sensation machine: Film, phenomenology and the training of the senses." Continuum 26, no. 4 (July 27, 2012): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2012.698033.
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Biro, Andrew. "Reading a water menu: Bottled water and the cultivation of taste." Journal of Consumer Culture 19, no. 2 (July 12, 2017): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517717779.
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The market for bottled water is growing and increasingly segmented. How do we explain not just the willingness to pay for a substance (water) that is almost free but also the increasing discernment in a drink generally considered tasteless? We argue that bottled water market segmentation is a leading edge of processes of water commodification, associated with the crisis of Fordism and rise of consumerist capitalism, where the assertion of status through commodity consumption is increasingly necessary. The extensive Ray’s & Stark water menu is analyzed to show how the taste for bottled waters is cultivated. In the menu, references to gustatory sensation are limited. Instead, the tastefulness of water inheres in the distance from anthropogenic influence, made visible through scientific (geological) discourses. The tension between the desire to consume unmediated nature and the scientific abstraction necessary to recognize it reveals the social character of the taste for bottled waters. The highly refined sense of taste that the water menu’s readers are presumed to have is a reflection of consumerist capitalism’s distinctive ways of reproducing socio-economic inequality and metabolizing non-human nature.
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Howes, David. "Multisensory Anthropology." Annual Review of Anthropology 48, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102218-011324.
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The senses are made, not given. Multisensory anthropology focuses on the variable boundaries, differential elaboration, and many different ways of combining the senses across (and within) cultures. Its methodology is grounded in “participant sensation,” or sensing—and making sense—along with others, also known as sensory ethnography. This review article traces the sensualization of anthropological theory and practice since the early 1990s, showing how the concept of sensory mediation has steadily supplanted the prior concern with representation. It concludes with a discussion of how the senses are engaged in filmmaking, multispecies ethnography, and material culture studies as well as in achieving social justice.
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Story, Gina M., and Robert W. Gereau. "Numbing the Senses: Role of TRPA1 in Mechanical and Cold Sensation." Neuron 50, no. 2 (April 2006): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.009.
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Terada, Kazunori, Akinori Kumazaki, Daisuke Miyata, and Akira Ito. "Haptic Length Display Based on Cutaneous-Proprioceptive Integration." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (August 20, 2006): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0489.
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When a human recognizes length of an object while exploring it with an index finger, both proprioception and cutaneous sensation provide information for estimating the length of the object. We studied the contribution of cutaneous sensation and proprioception to the subjective estimation of object length, developing an apparatus for investigating the human cutaneous-proprioceptive integration using velocity dependency of cutaneous and proprioceptive length perception. We conducted four experiments. In experiment 1, 12 subjects estimated object length passively, using cutaneous sensation only via the index finger. In experiment 2, ten subjects estimated the distance if index finger traveled passively without cutaneous sensation. In experiment 3, subjects used both cutaneous and proprioceptive sensation to estimate the object length. The results showed that using both senses simultaneously improves length perception. In experiment 4, 17 subjects estimated object length moving the index finger passively but with the cutaneous sensation and proprioception differing in perceived length. The results showed that subjects relied on the greater sensation if proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations were discrepant.
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de Freitas, Elizabeth, David Rousell, and Nils Jäger. "Relational architectures and wearable space: Smart schools and the politics of ubiquitous sensation." Research in Education 107, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034523719883667.
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This paper undertakes an analysis of the “smart school” as a building that both senses and manages bodies through sensory data. The authors argue that smart schools produce a situation of ubiquitous sensation in which learning environments are continuously sensed, regulated, and controlled through complex sensory ecosystems and data infrastructures. This includes the consideration of ethical and political issues associated with the collection of biometric and environmental data in schools and the implications for the design and operation of learning environments which are increasingly regulated through decentralized sensor networks. Working through a relational and adaptive theory of architecture, the authors explore ways of intervening in smart schools through the reconceptualization of sensor technologies as “atmospheric media” that operate within a distributed ecology of sensation that exceeds the limited bandwidth of the human senses. Drawing on recent projects in contemporary art, architecture, and interaction design, the authors discuss specific architectural interventions that foreground the atmospheric qualities and ethical problematics of sensor technologies in school buildings.
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Kobayashi, S. "The five senses and fiber.2.Material feeling sensation and its measurement." Sen'i Kikai Gakkaishi (Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan) 44, no. 9 (1991): P403—P409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/transjtmsj.44.9_p403.
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Liu, Xiaoxiao, Yukari Nagai, Kumi Yabuuchi, and Xiuxia Cui. "USE INTERACTIVE MEDIA TO ENHANCE CREATIVITY OF DESIGNERS BY STIMULATING THE SENSES IN THE CONTEXT OF ART DESIGN EDUCATION." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 3319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.593.
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AbstractCreativity is very important for designers, and methods to stimulate designers' creativity are the long-term focus of art design education. The senses are an important channel for designers to receive information and define core issues. Stimulating the designer's senses can help enhance their perception and creativity, and is of great benefit for the quality and efficiency of the design outcome. Today's interactive media technology provides more possibilities and advantages for designers' perception and sensation. The purpose of this research is to explore a way to stimulate the designer's senses through the use of interactive media, thereby improving the designer's design thinking and creativity, and providing designers with innovative design support. By means of interactive ground projection and experiments, and discussion of the advantages of interactive media to stimulate designers' senses, this research proposes innovations in art design educational media, which is valuable for the training and learning of designers and the development of virtual education environment in the future.
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Hollins, Mark. "Somesthetic Senses." Annual Review of Psychology 61, no. 1 (January 2010): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100419.
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Ressel, Madelaine, Brittni Thompson, Marie-Hélène Poulin, Claude L. Normand, Marissa H. Fisher, Germain Couture, and Grace Iarocci. "Systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorders." Autism 24, no. 4 (May 2020): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320910963.
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A systematic review of autism spectrum disorder and substance use and abuse was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol guidelines (an internationally recognized standardized methodological framework for conducting systematic review). The objectives of the review were to update and extend findings reported by Arnevik and Helverschou’s review of the autism spectrum disorder and substance use literature by (1) evaluating study quality via the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool; (2) examining autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse diagnostic measures; (3) reporting on the prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse; and (4) identifying risk, protective, and positive treatment factors. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were identified through a search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Average study quality score was 75.4%. Prevalence rates of substance abuse among samples with autism spectrum disorder ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to variability in sample characteristics and diagnostic measures, a general prevalence rate could not be established. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and comorbid externalizing disorders, and factors, which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder compared to the general population, such as few social resources (i.e. sense of social belonging, breadth of social support networks, and level of social capital) and low sensation-seeking, were identified. One intervention study was identified; however, methodological limitations preclude any conclusion regarding positive treatment factors at this time. More research, using standardized measures and comparable samples, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of co-occurring substance abuse and autism spectrum disorder. Lay Abstract Symptoms characteristic of autism spectrum disorder were initially believed to protect individuals with autism spectrum disorder from developing substance abuse. However, recent studies suggest that up to 36% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder may have a co-occurring issue with substance abuse. In addition, substance abuse may worsen the difficulties with daily functioning some individuals with autism spectrum disorder experience. It is important to understand occurrence rates, and risk, protective and positive treatment factors of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse in order to promote the best possible support for this special population. This review aimed to find and synthesize evidence regarding risk, protective and treatment factors, and determine a general prevalence rate of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse from all studies on substance use and abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The review also aimed to assess study quality and identify a diagnostic measure for substance abuse in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty-six studies on substance use and abuse in autism spectrum disorder were included in the review. The rates of substance abuse among those with autism spectrum disorder identified by included studies ranged from 1.3% to 36%, but due to large differences in study methods, a general prevalence rate could not be determined. Risk and protective factors, recognized in the general population, such as familial substance abuse and co-occurring mental health issues, and factors which may be more likely to occur in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, such as limited social resources and low sensation-seeking, were identified. No diagnostic measures specific to individuals with autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse were identified. This review identified only one exploratory study on an adapted intervention for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse. However, there were many methodological challenges in this study that limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the data. More research, using consistent methods, is needed to understand risk and protective factors and to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The potential for co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse should be considered by professional working in both autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse services, as finding suggests substance abuse is possible among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and may occur more frequently than previously believed. In addition, autism spectrum disorder and substance abuse service providers should be sensitive to specific risk and protective factors identified by the review that may impact substance abuse course and outcomes.