Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sensibilisation de lymphocytes T in vitro'
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Garrigue, Jean-Luc. "Méthodes alternatives et sensibilisation cutanée : développement d'un modèle murin d'eczéma de contact aux haptènes forts et faibles in vivo et in vitro." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T102.
Full textHuppert, Cécile. "Développement d’un modèle de coculture cellules dendritiques lymphocytes T pour l’évaluation du danger des substances sensibilisantes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0195/document.
Full textAllergies constitute an important issue in the field of occupational health and have a serious impact on the lives of workers. Occupational allergies are mainly contact and respiratory allergies and can be caused by low molecular weight chemicals. In the past, the tests that were used to identify the potential allergens were carried out on animals. However, European legislation has provided the impetus for reducing the use of animal testing to assess the sensitization potential of chemicals and promoted the development of alternative in vitro tests. In this context, we aimed to develop cell culture models to identify sensitizers. A first model using bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from BALB/c mice was developed and showed promising results for identifying sensitizers and classify them according to their allergenic potency. Moreover, the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway seems to be involved in the response of this cell model to sensitizers. In order to supplement this model and to assess the functionality of BMDC, a BMDC-T cell (TC) coculture model was developed with a reference sensitizer before being tested on a range of reference sensitizers (cutaneous and respiratory sensitizers, irritants and non-sensitizers). The BMDC of our model, while exposed to sensitizers, were able to activate TC in coculture. Finally, preliminary tests using the cells of C57BL6/J mice in our coculture model showed that similar results to those obtained with cells from the BALB/c strain. The models of BMDC cultures and BMDC-TC coculture are promising for the development of alternative methods to animal experimentation assessing the sensitizing potential of chemicals
Conche, Claire. "Mécanismes Moléculaires impliqués dans la sensibilisation des lymphocytes T par l'adhérence." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077092.
Full textT cells are major effector of immune System that defend us against pathogens and cancer. Naive T cells navigate from blood and lymph vessels where they are in suspension, to lymph node where they are adherent and encounter dendritics cells (DC). The multiplicity of the T/DC contacts decreases the threshold of T celKactivation. This phenomenon called adhesion-induced T cell priming (AITCP) was discovered in the team. AITCP is associated with a larger calcium response to TCR-stimulation in adherent cells. The aim of the work presented here, was to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in this priming. We demonstrated that adhesion on fibronectin or DC induces a transient cAMP increase which is crucial for AITCP. The fînding was unexpected as a sustained cAMP rise is well known for its inhibitory effect on T cell activation. The priming effect of cAMP was due to an indirect activation of ERK after HePTP phosphatase inhibition. The second part of this work is focused on the PIP2 increase upon adhesion. We showed that PIP2 increase resulted from an activation of PIP5K that produces PIP2 and from an inhibition of PLCp that hydrolyses the PIP2. PLCp inhibition leads to an increase of calcium stores content. The exact functions of in AITCP are still under investigation
Luo, Xuan. "In vitro quantitative study of T cell adhesive haptotaxis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0151/document.
Full textAn efficient immune response relies on a rapid recruitment of leukocytes from blood to the inflamed or damaged tissue. During this process, leukocytes are captured by the endothelium and migrate along the vessel wall to reach permissive transmigration sites. These processes are mediated by multiple external cues among which the role of adhesion molecules remains unclear. Adhesive haptotaxis has been described for mesenchymal cells that develop strong pulling forces with their substrates and orient via a tug of war mechanism – a competition between cells’ adherent pulling edges. In the case of amoeboid cells that migrate with minimal interaction with their substrate, the existence of adhesive haptotaxis has yet to be evidenced. Here, we studied the crawling of human T lymphocytes on substrates with spatially modulated adhesion. and observed robust adhesive haptotaxis. Mechanistically, we show that integrin-mediated adhesive haptotaxis of lymphocytes differs both from active chemotaxis, because no mechanotransduction was detected, and from the passive tug of war mechanism, because different integrins support opposite phenotypes. Cells favored more adherent zones with VLA-4 and, counterintuitively, less adherent zones with LFA-1. These results reveal that integrins control differential adhesive haptotaxis behaviors without mechanotransduction. We further investigated the mechanism behind this specific haptotactic phenotype mediated by LFA-1 and find that the lamellipodial dynamics, rather than the integrin expression level, is involved. Preliminary findings with VASP deficient T cells indicate also that VASP protein may play an important role in T cell adhesive haptotaxis
Renard, Nathalie. "Étude in vitro du rôle des lymphocytes T sur la lymphopoïèse B humaine." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T008.
Full textSerre, Karine. "Présentation d'antigènes exogènes par les cellules dendritiques, aux lymphocytes T CD4 et aux lymphocytes T CD8, in vitro et in vivo." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22003.
Full textMontpellier, Claire. "Transformation in vitro de lymphocytes t humains par le virus d'epstein barr." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066141.
Full textWoods, Margaret Annaliese. "Molecular mechanisms of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies on T lymphocytes in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627301.
Full textCognot, Chantal. "Structures particulières engendrant des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques : étude de la réponse primaire in vitro." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON13511.
Full textLiamin, Marie. "Exposition in vitro de lymphocytes T humains aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : étude des effets immunotoxiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B060/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated during organic matter combustion. These compounds have been associated with the development of toxic effects on human health, including carcinogenic and immunotoxic effects, mainly related to Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) activation. Among the immune system cells, T lymphocytes appear as major targets of PAHs. Previous results, obtained in the laboratory, have shown that activation of primary human T lymphocytes leads to a functional AhR expression increase, suggesting their ability to respond to PAH exposure. Our specific aims are: (1) to determine the effects of B[a]P on gene expression profiles in human normal lymphocytes by using large-scale approaches such as microarray-based transcriptome analysis, (2) to monitor the genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of B[a]P by measuring DNA damage and immunosuppressive actions, respectively and, (3) to analyze the modulation of these effects by the presence of other PAHs. Our work propose primary cultures of activated human T lymphocytes as a good model for studying both genotoxic and immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants such as PAHs and predicting human health issues. It also gains a comprehensive insight into the immune response regulation after PAH exposure and provides potential new biomarkers of exposure to these environmental contaminants
Labalette, Myriam. "La dynamique des lymphocytes T CD8+ humains du compartiment lymphocytaire périphérique : de l'in-vivo, l'infection à cytomégalovirus chez les receveurs d'organes, à l'in-vitro, la différenciation des cellules T CD8+CD28+ nai͏̈ves." Lille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL2MT12.
Full textDenépoux, Stéphane. "Induction de mutations somatiques des gènes d'immunoglobuline dans les lymphocytes B humain in vitro." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T045.
Full textMainou-Fowler, T. "The importannce of transferin-bound iron for the proliferation of mouse T-lymphocytes in vitro." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379295.
Full textBonnamain, Virginie. "Interactions cellules souches/progénitrices neurales – lymphocytes T : étude in vitro et perspectives pour la transplantation." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT36VS.
Full textDespite its status of immune privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) maintains a close bidirectional communication with the immune system. This parameter must be taken into account to optimize the therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring the neuronal loss in case of lesions or degenerative diseases in the CNS. Indeed, in the absence of immunosuppression, pig neural cells xenografted into the CNS are systematically rejected, this rejection being primarily mediated by T lymphocytes (TL). In this context, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) described as having reduced immunogenicity and a potent suppressive effect on T cell responses appear as a suitable alternative cell source to fetal neuroblasts. The prolonged survival of xenografts and the low T cell infiltration following the transplantation of NSPC in the brain of non-immunosuppressed rats prompted us to study the in vitro interactions between NSPC and TL. We showed by co-culture experiments that pig and rat NSPC inhibit the proliferation of rat TL through the release of soluble factors. The mechanisms triggering the immunoregulatory effects of porcine NSPC remain to be determined, but we clearly demonstrated a role for the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the suppressive activity of rat NSPC. Interestingly, we also found that Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated TL, directs the in vitro fate of NSPC rat towards a neuronal phenotype. These results confirm the bidirectional communication between the CNS and the immune system, and highlight the interest of NSPC for cell transplantation
Lehtimaki, Mari. "Staphylococcus aureus as a source of antigens stimulating bovine dendritic cells and lymphocytes in vitro." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75153.
Full textPh. D.
Gabert, Jean. "Analyse par transfert génétique et mutagénèse in vitro des relations fonctionnelles existant entre le récepteur pour l'antigène des lymphocytes et la molécule CD8." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22017.
Full textMoulon, Corinne. "Modèle in vitro d'hypersensibilité de contact : activation de lymphocytes T humains par des cellules de Langerhans couplées à un haptène." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T257.
Full textMassinga, Loembé Marguerite. "La lymphocytose polyclonale chronique B, étude in vitro des propriétés biologiques des lymphocytes T et B." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0012/MQ41959.pdf.
Full textKhalil, Georges. "Etude des cytokines exprimées, après stimulation in vitro par amoxicilline, par des lymphocytes T humains sensibilisés." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077134.
Full textSince the withdrawal of penicillin determinants from the market, in addition to the hazard of re-exposing the patient to the drug, skin testing for the diagnosis of penicillin allergy has become less accurate and less standardized. The assay currently used, the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), lacks sufficient sensitivity, and requires the use of radioactive material. The objective of this study was to establish an accessible and reliable method for the safe diagnosis of penicillin allergy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 18 patients who were allergic to penicillin and 12 control subjects using the Ficoll-Hypaque method. The isolated, sensitized cells were stimulated in vitro with amoxicillin (1 mg/mL). Stimulation with phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was used as the positive control. Transcriptional expression of specific cytokines (IL-2, -4, -5 and -13, TGF-p, TNF-a and IFN-y) was assessed by RT-PCR. IFN-c expression was also evaluated by ELISPOT. Secreted levels of IL-2, -5 and IFN- y were measured by ELISA. All of these assays were performed two or five days, post-stimulation. This study of the in vitro diagnosis of penicillin allergy by the measurement of cytokine concentration in the supernatants of sensitized lymphocytes cultures involved the largest number of patients to-date. The A values (difference in cytokine concentration in the supernatants before and after stimulation) were compared between cases and controls using different statistical tests (Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney rank test). Of the various tests performed in this study, measurement of secreted cytokines using ELISA was the most sensitive and specific (80% and 100% respectively). In vitro stimulation of human lymphocytes sensitized to amoxicillin is a safe and useful test for the diagnosis of penicillin allergy if the ELISA is used to measure cytokine expression. The advantages are that it can be performed by many laboratories since kits to determine cytokines are widely available, and it can be done without the need for particularly specialized equipment
Guérard, Simon. "Kératinocytes : cellules instigatrices de l'inflammation dans le psoriasis : étude sur la capacité des kératinocytes psoriasiques à activer in vitro les lymphocytes T et les neutrophiles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23652.
Full textBernardeau, Karine. "Caractérisation de la réponse T cytotoxique à l'aide d'anticorps spécifiques de complexes HLA-A2/Mage3 de tumeur et ciblage des cellules cancéreuses en radioimmunothérapie alpha in vitro." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT26VS.
Full textWhen stimulated appropriately, the T lymphocytes of cancer patients are able to recognise and destroy tumor cells. A major goal of research in this field is to establish optimal conditions for this T cell response and to characterise the MHC/peptide complexes recognised. Among these complexes, those derived from the family of cancer testis antigens have an expression that is restricted to tumoral cells. We have identified murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the HLA-A2/Mage3 complex. Using these antibodies, we have been able to measure the density of complexes expressed at the cell surface, thus enabling definition of the number of antigens necessary to initiate a cytotoxic response by specific CD8 T lymphocytes. We have additionally evaluated the possibility of targeting these complexes by radioimmunotherapy using an alpha radio emitter whose powerful radiotoxic potential compensates the weak surface expression of MHC/peptide complexes
Saadawi, Ahmed Majed. "La transformation in vitro des lymphocytes T humains par Herpes virus sai͏̈miri (HVS): une source permanente pour l'étude des sous-populations T." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30099.
Full textMesri, Mehdi. "T lymphocytes-blood retina barrier cells interactions in vitro : the role of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320782.
Full textDurrieu, Christèle. "Activité immunomodulatrice d'extraits hydrosolubles de fromages affinés de la région Rhône-Alpes : développement d'une méthodologie et évaluation in vitro." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10171.
Full textFisson, Sylvain. "Etude in vitro et in vivo des mécanismes moléculaires d'activation lymphocitaire T et microgliale : identification de nouveaux marqueurs de sous-populations microgliales et de discrimination macrophagique." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0038.
Full textGärtner, Dagmar. "In vivo und in vitro Immunregulation durch T- und B-Lymphozyten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15538.
Full textT and B lymphocytes carry out the adaptive immune response. After the antigen receptor on T cells is triggered through interaction with an MHC:peptide complex on APCs, costimulatory molecules are a second checkpoint for immune responses of interacting cells. To terminate unwanted immune responses, such as autoimmune responses, molecules of the costimulatory molecule family on T and B cells are of great importance. A central costimulatory molecule is CTLA-4 (CD152). We investigated the influence of regulatory cells on the course of an EAE, a disease marked through alterations of remission and relapses. Apart from the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CTLA-4+ T cells we also detected CD4+CD25-Foxp3+CTLA-4+ T cells within the brain-infiltrating lymphocyte population. Furthermore we found similar numbers of CD4+CD25+ cells that also expressed intracellular CTLA-4, during the acute phase and first remission from EAE, whereas surface CTLA-4+CD4+ cells were clearly elevated during the acute phase. The depletion of the natural occurring CD4+CD25+ Treg cells before EAE induction leads to an accelerated disease onset and an increase in disease severity combined with a secondary progressive disease course. Even though the first remission was unaffected by the depletion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells before disease induction, the antigen specific proinflammatory cytokine production of T cells during the acute phase was already significantly increased. The data show, that the secondary progressive disease course after CD4+CD25+ Treg cell depletion is already determined early during the course of EAE. On a second approach we found CTLA-4 expression as well on B lymphocytes. The expression of intracellular and surface CTLA-4 on activated B cells is strictly T cell dependent and the expression is maximal 48-72h after stimulation in vitro. Through the use of highly sensitive cell sorting strategies we were able to detect the mRNA for CTLA-4 in B cells cultured with activated T cells. CTLA-4 mRNA in B cells is inducible in isolated B cells via crosslinking of CD19 in vitro. We generated bone marrow chimeric mice, in which only B cells were CTLA-4 deficient. With these mice we could show, that CTLA-4 on B cells controls the primary IgE and IgM, as well as the secondary IgM production in thymus dependent immune responses. These data imply a more complex regulation of thymus dependent immune responses, in which CTLA-4 on B cells can modulate B cell effector functions.
Paliard, Xavier. "Modalités de secrétion de l'interleukine-4 et effets de l'interleukine-4 sur les lymphocytes T humains in vitro." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T161.
Full textSchandené, Liliane. "Production de cytokine au cours de l'activation des lymphocytes T chez l'homme: études in vitro et in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212753.
Full textFayette, Jérôme. "Effet des cellules dendritiques humaines générées in vitro sur la réponse immunitaire humorale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T259.
Full textWallon, Christine. "Étude des mécanismes d'activation des lymphocytes T au cours d'une réponse anticorps in vitro chez l'homme vis-a-vis de l'antigène TNP-PAA." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112094.
Full textDuffaud, Florence. "Applications "in vitro" et "in vivo", en cancérologie clinique, du test de numération des micronoyaux dans les lymphocytes T binucléés en culture." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX20651.
Full textDigue, Laurence. "Contribution à la prévention de cancers secondaires : étude de la génotoxicité in vitro du Paclitaxel sur lymphocytes T humains." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20676.
Full textMascarell, Laurent. "La cyclosporine A, un immunosuppresseur inducteur de gène : analyse protéomique in vitro et effets in vivo sur les lymphocytes T." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066250.
Full textNalet-Lande, Véronique. "Cellules formant les autorosettes chez l'homme : caractérisation phénotypique, spécificité et rôle fonctionnel in vitro." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077138.
Full textRoux, Clémence. "Activité immunosuppressive des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses dérivées de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines : induction de lymphocytes T régulateurs in vitro et in vivo et expression de PD-L1." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4226/document.
Full textThe mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present many features that render attractive as therapeutic cells. Their phenotype, multipotency and immunosuppressive properties are well described. Nevertheless, major restriction for their clinical use is due to the limited in vitro expansion and low quantity of cells that can be collected from adult tissues. The originality of my project consisted in the generation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). These huiPS-MSCs could fulfill some of the specification required to improve MSCs use in therapeutic approaches: welldefined and unlimited number of cells with reproducible functional characteristics. In a first approach, I characterized the huiPS-MSCs generated in the laboratory. My results highlight the immunosuppressive activity in vitro of the huiPS-MSCs on T-cell stimulation that induces a switch in T-cell cytokine polarization toward the generation of Treg cells. Secondly, in a more therapy-oriented approach, I analyzed in vivo immunosuppressive activity of huiPS-MSCs in a xenogeneic graft versus host model (NSG immunodeficient mice injected with human T lymphocytes). My data showed significantly reduced percentages of human-differentiated T cells producing Th1 inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα). By contrast, T cells producing IL-10 and FoxP3+ Treg cells, absent in nontreated animals, were detected in huiPS-MSCs treated mice, confirming the in vitro results of a tolerizing process. The end of my work was to characterize the molecular regulation of the expression of PDL1, an immunoregulatory molecule expressed by the MSCs. Comparing bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) from healthy donors and our huiPS-MSCs, I showed that the huiPSMSCs have a constitutive expression of PD-L1, which is absent on BM-MSCs. Analysing microRNAs that could limit the expression of PD-L1, I could identify several microRNAs which expression is inverse to the expression of PD-L1. For the first time, my results highlight the immunosuppressive activity of huiPS-MSCs on human T-cell stimulation with a concomitant generation of human Treg cells in vivo and characterize the regulation of PD-L1 expression, an immunosuppressive molecule expressed by the MSCs. They may favor the development of new tools and strategies based on the use of huiPS cells and their derivatives for the induction of immune tolerance
Othmane, Omar. "Mécanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le LF 1695 effets in vitro et in vivo sur les lymphocytes T et sur l'autoimmunité." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600157m.
Full textOthmane, Omar. "Mecanisme d'action d'un immunomodulateur, le lf 1695 : effets in vitro et in vivo sur les lymphocytes t et sur l'autoimmunite." Limoges, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIMO0027.
Full textPannetier, Delphine. "Étude in vitro des réponses lymphocytaires T humaines induites par les virus Lassa et Mopeia." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10353.
Full textGroux, Hervé. "Régulation de l'activation des lymphocytes T : de la prolifération à la mort cellulaire par apoptose : application à l'étude physiopathologique du sida." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10149.
Full textD'autre part, nous avons proposé que la inappropriée dans la population lymphocytaire T CD4 adulte d'un programme de suicide cellulaire pourrait expliquer à la fois le dysfonctionnement précoce et la déplétion tardive des lymphocytes T CD4 chez les sujets infectés par le VIH. Nous montrons que la perte sélective de la capacité des lymphocytes T CD4 de sujets infectés par le VIH à proliférer in vitro est due à l'induction par les stimuli de la mort des lymphocytes T CD4. Ce processus de mort cellulaire présente toutes les caractéristiques de l'apoptose (nécessité d'une synthèse protéique et condensation de la chromatine et fragmentation de l'ADN). Ces résultats suggèrent que le suicide des lymphocytes T CD4 en réponse à l'activation pourrait aussi se produire in vitro et être responsable, indépendamment de tout effet cytopathogène du virus, de la réduction progressive du nombre de lymphocytes T CD4 qui aboutit au SIDA
Mossalayi, Mohammad. "Caractérisation des précurseurs sanguins et médullaires des lymphocytes T humains leur purification et les conditions in-vitro requises à leur différenciation /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616705p.
Full textMossalayi, Mohammad. "Caractérisation des précurseurs sanguins et médullaires des lymphocytes T humains : leur purification et les conditions in-vitro requises pour leur différenciation." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2015.
Full textBOUCHER, NATHALIE. "Vieillissement des lymphocytes t humains etudes in vitro et ex-vivo de cellules d'adultes jeunes, de personnes agees et de centenaires." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077187.
Full textMontcuquet, Nicolas. "Diminution de l'alloréactivité de cellules T cultivées ex vivo : étude in vitro des mécanismes et effet sur la reconstitution immunitaire in vivo dans un modèle de greffe allogénique de cellules souches hématopoïétiques." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA3004.
Full textWe have demonstrated previously that retroviral-mediated transfer of a suicide gene into bone marrow (BM) donor T cells allows an efficient control of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic BM transplantation. However, 12 days of ex vivo culture is required for the production of sufficient gene-modified cells (GMC). This process requires both CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) expansion resulting in a diminution of expanded cells alloreactivity (termed Co). This phenomena is independent of anergy, clonaI deletion during expansion or apoptosis inducing cell death during mixed lymphocyte reaction. - Here, we demonstrate that this phenomena is the result of T-cell functional exhaustion and not due to anypreferential expansion of regulatory T cells in the culture (Montcuquet N et al. Immunology 2008). - Our approach was then to try to improve the ex vivo culture conditions in order to maintain alloreactivity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were activated with soluble CD3 MAb or CD3 and CD28 MAb co-immobilized on beads and expanded for 12 days in the presence of IL-2, IL- 7 or IL-15 before analysis of alloreactivity and phenotype. Replacing the CD3 MAb by CD3/CD28 beads led to similar in vitro alloreactivity but improved also expansion and in vivo alloreactivity of GMC. Replacing the IL-2 with IL- 7, but not IL-15, or decreasing IL-2 or IL- 7 concentrations, improved the in vitro alloreactivity of expanded cells but with lower expansion. Indeed, the alloreactivity of expanded cells was negatively correlated with cell expansion and positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8 expression levels (Mercier-Letondal P, Montcuquet N et al. Cytotherapy 2008). - ln a mouse model of Graft-versus-host Disease (GvHD) induction, memory T-cells are less allogeneic than naïve T cells. Memory T-cells also improve immune reconstitution. We examined the potential of expanded T-cells to improve immune reconstitution in the absence of GvHD. Indeed, expanded splenocytes can have the same effects as fresh memory T-cells. - Taken together these results should be useful in designing GMC therapy protocols where alloreactivity is maintained and co-administrated expanded T-cells offer a new cell therapy product
Finazzo, Claudia. "Geração in vitro de células T efetoras e células T reguladoras mediada por células dendríticas pulsadas com vírus autólogo de pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-27072012-110639/.
Full textTherapeutic immunization using inactivated autologous HIVpulsed dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising strategy to enhance specific anti-HIV immune responses in infected patients. In this context, it is important to note that DC besides stimulate a specific immune response, may be able to promote tolerance in peripheral CD4 + and CD8 + T cells inducing deletion, anergy or through expansion of regulatory T cells (T reg). In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the capacity of autologous HIVstimulated DC to induce apoptosis, effector cellular T cell responses and T reg generation. For these purposes, we used peripheral blood from HAARTnaïve HIVinfected patients (n=14) with CD4+ T cell counts above 350 cell/L for generation of monocytederived DC (MoDC). MoDC were pulsed with aldrithiol-2 (AT-2)-inactivated autologous virus and matured. MoDC were then cocultured with autologous lymphocytes and the apoptosis, production of IFN- and T reg cell frequency were evaluated by flow cytometry. There was no difference in the rate of apoptosis of CD4, CD8 T cells or MoDC between the groups pulsed and not pulsed with inactivated HIV. MoDC pulsed or not with inactivated autologous virus induced IFN- +CD4+ T cells, whereas only pulsed MoDC were able to increase effector CD8+ T cells percentage along the time culture. Patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 500 had an increased percentage of CD4 + T cells secreting IFN- upon DC pulsed with HIV. This difference was not observed in CD8 + T cells. Interestingly, T reg were also induced in vitro after MoDC cocultivation. Higher baseline T reg counts were found in patients with lower plasma viral loads. These results show that MoDC pulsed with HIV-1 are able to induce effector lymphocyte but also elevate the frequency of T reg in vitro. Patients with higher CD4+ T cell counts are able to respond more efficiently to the stimulation with pulsed MoDC, and persistent viremia in chronic HIV infection is associated with significant loss of T reg
Ma, Kuiying. "Regulation of early human T cell development Generation of adult human T-cell progenitors for immunotherapeutic applications TNFα enhances in vitro generation of T-cell precursors from human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB040.
Full textThymus seeding progenitors migrate into the thymus and initiate T cell differentiation program. The regulation of T cell development is tightly associated with the thymus microenvironment. However, due to the limited model, the mechanism of human T cell development has not been deeply clarified. Thus, we developed an in vitro stroma-free system to support human early T cell development from both neonate and adult human hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells based on Notch ligand DL-4. These T cell progenitors generated in DL-4 system exhibit similar characters as human immature T thymocytes. Moreover, they were proved to have T cell reconstruct potential when transplanted to NOD/SCID/gamma(c)- / - mice, which could differentiate into mature T cell with highly diverse TCR repertoire. Furthermore, we optimized the system by involving TNFa cytokine, which could dramatically enhance the in vitro generation of T-cell progenitors through ameliorating cell survival and proliferation of T-cell precursors, as well as fastening early T lineage differentiation. We demonstrate the regulation of TNFa on T cell progenitors is mainly based on the activation of NFkB signaling, as well as its regulation on inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Overall, this thesis describes a strategy for in vitro generation of human T-cell progenitors from hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells based on Notch signaling. This strategy provides an effective model for fundamental study to explore essential regulators during human early T cell development. Moreover, it provides a safe model to rapidly supply abundant human T-cell progenitors for clinical applications
Fickinger, Andira Michele da Cruz. "Papel dos receptores de glutamato tipo NMDA em macrófagos, células dendríticas e células T CD4 ativadas in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-091556/.
Full textNeuroimmunology is a field within immunology which studies the relationship between the nervous system and the immune system. Several studies have demonstrated the direct ability of neurotransmitters in modulating the immune response, as for cytokines in influencing cognitive functions. In this context, glutamate stands out for being the most important and abundant neurotransmitter in the mammal central nervous system. Its role is exerted through two main types of receptor: i) ionotropic receptors (iGluR) and ii) metabotropic receptors (mGluR). The discovery of glutamate receptor expression in immune cells has led to scientific interest, raising issues concerning its expression and function. In the present study, we evaluated parameters such as cell viability, lymphoproliferation, and activation of the MAP quinase pathway by the NMDA receptor on total splenocytes and lymphocytes cultured in vitro. Our results demonstrate that naive and activated lymphocytes present different profiles of NMDA receptor expression. The use of MK801, an antagonist for this receptor, was able to reduce the T CD4 and T CD8 lymphocyte proliferation stimulated with anti-CD3 in splenocyte culture. Such reduction may be explained by the increase of the cellular death rate, evaluated by annexin-V staining, indicator of apoptosis or 7-AAD, indicator of necrosis. With the intent of understanding part of the NMDA receptor signaling in the immune system, we evaluated the ERK 1,2 MAP quinase phosphorylation in T CD4 lymphocytes activated in the presence of the agonist (NMDA) or the antagonist (MK801) of the receptor. We observed an increase in this quinase activation in the presence of NMDA, which is reversed by the MK801. When evaluating the role of the NMDA receptor in vivo, we verified a significant reduction in the degree of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis in animals treated with MK801. More interesting, this reduction also correlates to a reduction on the phosphorilation of ERK 1,2 in total splenocytes obtained at the seventh day post-immunization. In sum, our data suggest that the NMDA receptor has the role of activating important intracellular pathways, such as the MAP quinases ERK 1,2; and that its blockage results in cellular death in vitro. As so, this indicates the importance of glutamate as a modulator of the intensity of response and the viability of T CD4 e T CD8 lymphocytes in vitro e in vivo. Thus, our result contribute for a better understanding of the immunoregulation phenomena, especially those in the neuroimmunology ou neuroimmunomodulation field.
Trichot, Coline. "Regulation of Human T Helper Cell Diversity : From In Vitro Dendritic Cell-Based Mechanisms to Candidate Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS423.
Full textHuman immunity is essentially driven by dendritic cells and T helper cells. When dendritic cells detect a pathogen, they will instruct T helper cells to adopt the adapted phenotype for the specific threat encountered. T helper cells are subdivided in multiple subsets, characterized by particular sets of cytokines. Each T helper subset has specific functions and is involved in the clearance of distinct pathogens. If T helper responses are not precisely regulated, they can become pathogenic, in this case T helper pathways can be considered as potential targets for therapy. In this context, I focused my PhD work on studying T helper cell subset diversity and regulation. First, I demonstrated the ability of TSLP-activated dendritic cell to induce T follicular helper cell polarization. Then I participated in building a mathematical model capable of predicting T helper cell response to dendritic-cell derived signals. This model allowed us to identify the specific role of IL-12p70, in an IL-1 context, to induce IL-17F without IL-17A. Finally, I monitered eight T helper and T follicular helper cell populations in peripheral blood from atopic dermatitis patients treated with Dupilumab, an immunotherapy targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, and was able to show a correlation between decrease of Th17 cell percentage and improvement of EASI clinical score. Overall, my work on Th phenotype diversity provides key mechanistic insight with potential application in immunotherapy
Chiarella, Andressa de Paiva. "Caracterização da função das células TCD4+ e TCD8+ na Paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar de camundongos isogênicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-05032015-150715/.
Full textTo investigate the role of T lymphocytes in the pulmonary model of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), resistant and susceptible mice were in vivo depleted of T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells by intraperitoneal injection of specific monoclonal (mAb) antibodies and infected intratracheally with one million yeast cells of a virulent isolate of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. When compared with the non-depleted group, at week 4 after infection A/J mice presented increased dissemination of yeasts to liver; however, at week 8 A/J-depleted mice showed decreased fungal loads in the lungs. In contrast, depletion of TCD4+ cells of B10.A mice did not alter the severity of disease at any periods of infection assayed. Treatment with anti-CD4 mAb diminished the delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH) of resistant mice but the cutaneous anergy of B10.A mice was not modified. In addition, CD4-depleted A/Sn and B10.A mice presented decreased titers of P.brasiliensis specific antibodies at both the 4th and 8th week postinfection. Regarding pulmonary cytokines, at week 4 of infection A/J-depleted mice presented diminished levels of IL-12 but at week 8 IL-10, IL-4, IL-S, IL-2 and GM-CSF appeared in lower levels. Only IL-12 was detected in lower levels in the lungs of B10.A-depleted mice at week 8 after infection. Depletion of CD8+ cells led to a more severe disease in both mouse strains. A/J-treated mice presented increased fungal burdens in the lungs whereas in the B10.A strain increased number of yeast cells was detected in the lungs and liver. Importantly, neutralization of CD8+ cells reverted the DTH anergy of susceptible mice. These data suggest the existence of two T CD8+ subpopulations in B10.A mice, a protective that controls fungal growth and another one that suppresses DTH reactions. The production of P.brasiliensis specific antibodies by resistant and susceptible mice depleted of CD8+ T cells was similar to that of mice given control antibody. Neutralization of CD8+ cells, however, induced significant alterations in the concentrations of pulmonary cytokines. In A/J-treated mice, higher levels of IL-4, IL-12, IL-3 and GM-CSF were concomitant with reduced amounts of IL-2. B10.A mice depleted of CD8+ cells presented higher levels of pulmonary IL-10, IL-12, IL-3 and IFN-γ than their controls. As a whole, our results demonstrate that CD4+ T cells have no influence on the control of disease severity of B10.A mice. Depending on the period of the infection, A/J mice develop two subpopulations of CD4+ T cells: one protective subset which appeared early in the infection, followed by a subpopulation that lead to disease exacerbation. Moreover, in both mouse strains CD8+ T cells are protective and able to control fungal growth. It was also verified that DTH reactions and antibody production in murine PCM are CD4+ T cells mediated. Finally, only in B10.A mice a regulatory CD8+ T cell subpopulation was characterized by its ability to suppress DTH reactions
Frasnelli, Sabrina Cruz Tfaile [UNESP]. "Papel de RAGE e TLR4 na modulação da resposta imune inflamatoria em PBMC de pacientes diabéticos e não diabéticos: (estudo in vitro)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96189.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Diabetes mellitus se caracteriza pelo acúmulo de produtos finais da glicação avançada (AGEs) que ativam seu receptor RAGE. Entre as complicações associadas ao diabetes está a modulação da resposta imune, evidenciada pela maior susceptibilidade à infecção em diabéticos. O sistema imune percebe e reaje aos microrganismos por meio de receptores de padrões moleculares (receptores semelhantes à Toll, TLRs). Lipopolissacarídeo da parede celular (LPS) é um dos principais fatores de virulência de microrganismos Gramnegativos e é reconhecido principalmente por TLR4. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a ativação de RAGE e TLR4 por seus ligantes pode resultar em efeito sinérgico na modulação da proliferação, morte celular e expressão de citocinas inflamatórias por células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC). Foram selecionados 7 indivíduos não diabéticos e 6 indivíduos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 para coleta de PBMCs. Estas células foram estimuladas com LPS bacteriano e BSA glicado, isoladamente e combinados, na presença e na ausência de inibidores dos receptores RAGE e TLR4. Proliferação e morte celular foram avaliadas por contagem direta em hemocitômetro e citometria de fluxo, respectivamente. A expressão de citocinas e quimiocinas inflamatórias foi avaliada por RT-qPCR, enquanto a modulação do padrão de resposta imune adaptativa foi estudada por meio de citometria de fluxo. Os resultados mostram 18 18 que PBMCs de pacientes portadores de diabetes tendem a ser mais resistentes à indução de morte celular. De um modo geral, a inibição dos receptores RAGE e TLR4 não interfere na atividade metabólica e viabilidade celular em diabéticos e não diabéticos. A expressão gênica de CCL3 e CCR5 não foi regulada pelos receptores RAGE e TLR, sendo discretamente mais elevada em pacientes não diabéticos. A expressão de TNF-α e IL-10 foi regulada...
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the progressive accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which bind and activate their membrane-bound receptor (RAGE) on a variety of target cells. Modulation of the immune response is one of the diabetes-associated complications and is reflected on the increased susceptibility of diabetes patients to infections and sepsis. The immune system senses and reacts to microorganisms by pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor of Gram-negative microorganisms, which is recognized mainly by TLR4. The hypothesis of this study is that of a synergism between activated TLR4 and RAGE that modulates the response of cells of innate and adaptive immunity in the circulation (peripheral blood monocytic cells, PBMCs). PBMCs were collected from 13 volunteers (7 with type 2 diabetes and 6 systemically-healthy controls). The cells were stimulated with bacterial LPS and glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), both independently and in association. To study the role of TLR4 and RAGE signaling, these stimulations were performed in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors of RAGE and TLR4. We used direct counting in a hemocytometer and flow cytometry, respectively, to assess cell proliferation and 20 20 death. The expression of selected cytokines and receptors was studied by RTqPCR, whereas the effect of these stimuli on the modulation of T helper-type response was determined by flow cytometry. We observed increased cell survival in PBMCs from diabetic patients. Inhibition of RAGE and TLR4 had no marked effect on cell proliferation, metabolic activity and survival. Gene expression of CCL3 (MIP-1alpha) and CCR5 was discretely higher in PBMCs from non-diabetic patients and was not affected by RAGE or TLR4 signaling... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Gabert, Jean. "Analyse par transfert génique et mutagenèse in vitro des relations fonctionnelles existant entre le récepteur pour l'antigène des lymphocytes T et la molécule CD8." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613728m.
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