Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sensibilité spectral'
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Lehl, Jean Claude. "Etudes sur le lancer de rayons spectral." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822872.
Full textKretschmer, Erik. "Modelling of the instrument spectral response of conventionnal and imaging fourier transform spectrometers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30230/30230.pdf.
Full textSpectroscopy and the measurement of light spectrum have become essential tools in a large number of fields, from analytic laboratories to remote sensing field measurements. In these applications, the use of Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) is widespread and, more recently, imaging Fourier transform spectrometers (iFTS) are becoming ever more popular. The iFTS instruments enable spatially resolved highresolution spectral analysis within a single measurement, thus allowing the study of fine spectral variations in observed scenes. Such measurements inherently include systematic errors which can be in large part described by the instrument spectral response function, often referred to as SRF. In the case of iFTS, each pixel of the instrument will sport a different spectral response, which opens a whole new dimension not only in the measurement itself, but also for error analysis and instrument design. Because of their unique imaging capacity, iFTS instruments are a prime choice for remote sensing applications from airborne or spaceborne platforms for the measurement of the Earth atmosphere, as well as the atmosphere of other celestial bodies. The requirements on the spectral accuracy demanded by such missions are very high. To achieve these requirements, an excellent knowledge of the instrument spectral response is essential. Modelling of the spectral response of iFTS instruments is a possible approach to achieve the desired knowledge of instrument performances. This thesis offers a review of the factors affecting the spectral performances of FTS instruments from which a numerical model of the spectral response specifically designed with imaging instrument in mind is proposed. This model integrates optical effects which were up to now only studied separately – if at all – and not integrated in a global performance model of the instrument. The necessity to consider these effects, such as those caused by the optical transfer function of the detector imaging optic or the architecture of the imaging focal plane array (FPA), is demonstrated. Using dedicated measurement of the airborne iFTS GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance of the Atmosphere), the application of the model for performance analysis and review is demonstrated.
Léger, Agnès. "Investigation of speech processing in frequency regions where absolute thresholds are normal for hearing-impaired listeners." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H106.
Full textSpeech intelligibility is reduced for listeners with sensorineural hearingloss, especially for speech in noise. The extent to which this reduction is due toreduced audibility or to supra-threshold deficits is still debated.The main goal of this PhD work was to investigate the specific influenceof supra-threshold deficits on speech intelligibility. The effect of audibility wascontrolled for by measuring speech intelligibility for hearing-impaired listenersusing nonsense speech signals filtered in low- and mid-frequency regions wherepure-tone sensitivity was normal. Hearing-impaired listeners with hearing loss inhigh-frequency regions showed mild to severe intelligibility deficits for speechboth in quiet and in noise in these frequency regions of normal audibility. Similardeficits were obtained for speech in steady and fluctuating masking noises. Thisprovides additional evidence that speech intelligibility may be strongly influencedby supra-threshold auditory deficits.The second aim of this PhD work was to investigate the origin of thesesupra-threshold deficits. Results showed that reduced frequency selectivity cannotentirely explain the speech intelligibility deficits of the hearing-impaired listeners.The influence of temporal fine structure sensitivity remained unclear
Defrize, Jérémy. "Camouflage chez les araignées crabe : approche sensorielle, comportementale et écologique." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4044/document.
Full textMisumena vatia is assumed for more than a century to adapt its colouration to the colour of its substrate in order to decrease the risk of being detected by prey and predators. However, a discrepancy exists between the large quantity of works on its ecology, its fame as an expert of camouflage and the empirical knowledge about its cryspis and colour change mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was therefore to study crypsis from a community sensory perspective, using an approach combing physiology, behaviour and colour vision models. We showed that if M. vatia was undetectable at long distance through achromatic vision, the chromatic contrast value is quite dependent of both substrates and receiver identities. Electrophysiological recordings and behavioural choices all concur to show that M. vatia is able to see colours. Spiderlings use this ability for making choices among coloured backgrounds diminishing its conspicuousness to potential prey. Finally, the results of this thesis are discussed in an evolutionary and physiological context
St-Arnaud, Alain. "Spécialisation hémisphérique et sensibilité spectrale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5877/1/000562979.pdf.
Full textDubé, Stéphane. "L'asymétrie perceptuelle de la sensibilité spectrale." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5605/1/000583344.pdf.
Full textLambert, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'endommagement par fatigue et au dimensionnement de structures soumises à des vibrations aléatoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560885.
Full textBerenguier, Baptiste. "Mesures des propriétés opto-électriques du carbure de silicium par déphasage micro-onde et sensibilité spectrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4375/document.
Full textSilicon carbide is a large bandgap semiconductor presenting outstanding properties in terms of temperature, radiations and chemical hardness. In particular it could allow the fabrication of ultra-violet detectors, able to work in harsh environments such as for space aplications. The 3C polytype , with it’s intermediate bandgap, could also be used in the photovoltaic field. The present work aims to study both the material and the application aspects of silicon carbide. A study of the spectral response of both pn and Schottky photodiodes with respect to the temperature and irradiation is presented. A new type of 3C-SiC/Si heterojunction solar cell is studied. Finally, a minority carrier lifetime measurement system is realised ant the results presented
Courcier, Thierry. "Développement d'un dispositif intégré de photodétection de grande sensibilité avec discrimination spectrale pour les laboratoires sur puce." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072261.
Full textSong, Zhiguo. "Systèmes de numérisation hautes performances - Architectures robustes adaptées à la radio cognitive." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589826.
Full textMajid, Rajaa. "Modélisation articulatoire du conduit vocal : exploration et exploitation : fonctions de macro-sensibilité paramétriques et voyelles du français." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0131.
Full textRobin, Frédéric Gérard Jean Michel. "Exploration moléculaire, biochimique et structurale de β-lactamases à spectre étendu de sensibilité diminuée aux inhibiteurs des β-lactamases." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM16.
Full textUschanoff, Nicolas. "Dynamique spectro-temporelle d'une diode laser en cavité externe : application à la spectroscopie d'absorption haute sensibilité par intracavité laser." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10243.
Full textDiologent, Laurent. "Développement et caractérisation de techniques pour l’amélioration de la sensibilité et de la résolution spatiale des sources MALDI : désolvatation laser et masques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10041/document.
Full textMALDI Mass Spectrometry is an essential tool for biomolecules analysis and is largely employed in various applications. Albeit performances of this ion source are well known, there are still clear limitations in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution for applications such as MALDI MS Imaging. Indeed, ion production yields are very low in MALDI and, moreover drop when spatial resolution is increased (decrease of irradiated area). Thus, objectives of this work were to develop and study two systems for improving sensitivity. First part of this work was dedicated to setup a system allowing desolvation of material clusters formed in the MALDI process by using a second laser to intercept the expanding plume. By using a pulsed laser emitting at 1064 nm, it was possible to demonstrate an increase of signal intensity by 2 to 3 folds. In a second part, Silicon mask systems allowing reduction of irradiated area (without involving any focusing of the laser beam) was developed. Studies of various geometries of the mask showed their efficiency to reduce irradiated area by cutting part of the laser beam while maintaining signal intensity. Moreover, for certain geometries it was demonstrated that masks could lead to an increase in sensitivity and spectral resolution
Deumal, Herraiz Marc. "Multicarrier communication systems with low sensibility to nonlinear amplification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9137.
Full textActualmente estamos entrando en una nueva era de la información donde se da una gran demanda de sistemas de comunicación inalámbricos. Nuevos servicios como datos y vídeo requieren transmisiones fiables de alta velocidad, incluso en escenarios de alta movilidad. Además, la dificultad de asignar el limitado espectro radioeléctrico junto con la necesidad de incrementar el tiempo de vida de las baterías de los terminales móviles, requiere el diseño de transceptores que usen eficientemente la potencia y el ancho de banda disponibles. Las comunicaciones multiportadora basadas en OFDM son capaces de satisfacer la mayoría de dichos requerimientos. Sin embargo, entre otros retos, reducir su sensibilidad a la amplificación no-lineal es un factor clave durante el diseño. En esta tesis se analiza la sensibilidad de los sistemas multiportadora basados en OFDM a la amplificación no-lineal y se consideran formas eficientes para superar dicho problema. La tesis se enfoca principalmente al problema de reducir las fluctuaciones de la envolvente. En este sentido también se presenta un estudio de las métricas de la señal, PAPR y CM. Además, basándonos en el análisis presentado se proponen nuevas técnicas para OFDM y MC-SS. Para MC-SS, también se trata el diseño de un detector multiusuario para canales no-lineales.
We are now facing a new information age with high demand of wireless communication systems. New services such as data and video require achieving reliable high-speed transmissions even in high mobility scenarios. Moreover, the difficulty to allocate so many wireless communication systems in the limited frequency band in addition to the demand for long battery life requires designing spectrum and power efficient transceivers. Multicarrier communications based on OFDM are known to fulfill most of the requirements of such systems. However, among other challenges, reducing the sensitivity to nonlinear amplification has become a design key. In this thesis the sensitivity of OFDM-based multicarrier systems to nonlinear amplification is analyzed and efficient ways to overcome this problem are considered. The focus is mainly on the problem of reducing the envelope fluctuations. Therefore, a study of the signal metrics, namely PAPR and CM, is also presented. From the presented analysis, several new techniques for OFDM and MC-SS are proposed. For MC-SS, the design of a post-processing technique in the form of a multiuser detector for nonlinearly distorted MC-SS symbols is also addressed.
Verzhbitskiy, Ivan. "Spectroscopie de Raman de haute sensibilité dans des gaz à effet de serre : bandes de transitions doubles ou harmoniques." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0076.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was the understanding, viaspontaneous Raman scattering, of two types of transitions relevant to atmospheric gases: simultaneous transitions and overtone transitions. Regarding simultaneous transitions, the effort was mainly on double incoherent Raman scattering by SF6-N2, in which the two molecules simultaneously undergo a Raman-allowed transition. A highly accurate spectrum was recorded and interpreted quantum-mechanically. Agreement both in moments and in shapes was found with predictions made on the basis of a collision-induced polarizabilily model, provid€'d all Si9Sificant lo•9-ran9e contribul‹Ol0S were incorporated. The polarization mechanisms that survive in the simple model of two point-polarizable molecules were sufficient for the description of the anisotropic component, but, for the realistic description of the isotropic remnant, use of the far more sophisticated "atom-linear molecule" model was needed. In the second part of the thesis, the first overtone of the asymmetric stretch vibration, 2v3, of CO2 was studied. Unlike the previous transitions, which are collision-induced, overtones are allowed lransilions yet in the specific case of the 2v3 overtone the band was almost entirely depolarized, in agreement with the assertion (so far stated and checked for fundamental transition only) that asymmetrical vibrations give rise to depolarized lines. A rigorous protocol was applied to the interpretation of the reCOfded spectra, involving electric, optical and mechanical anharmonic effects and intermode couplings. Complete shape analysis was carried out from first principles to simulate the band profiles and the strong line-mixing effects
Aït-Hammouda, Amine. "Pré-dimensionnement et étude de sensibilité vibro-accoustique de machines à courant alternatifs et à vitesses variables." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECLI0002.
Full textKuhn, Pierre. "Etude de la sensibilité auditive du nouveau-né grand prématuré aux stimulations sonores issues de son environnement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ080/document.
Full textThe environment (E) of very preterm infant (VPI) greatly differs from the uterine E and contributes to his risk of altered neurodevelopment. Although auditory stimuli are prominent and atypical in the NICU, little is known about the auditory sensitivity of VPI to his acoustic E. It is evaluated through their physiological, behavioral, and brain (NIRS) responsiveness to auditory environmental changes. An observational study shows that i) VPIs respond to “naturalistic” auditory stimuli from a minimum signal-to-noise ratio threshold of 5-10 dBA, ii) some stimuli can affect their well-being (desaturation, sleep disruption), iii) their autonomic reactivity is the most sensitive. Their reactivity varies depending on the sound sources, suggesting an ability to discriminate vocal from non vocal sounds. An experimental approach assess other aspects of their auditory performance (impact of sound frequency, emotional valence of voices) and their maturation from 30-32 to 34-36 wks post-menstrual age. Their perceptual field of sound frequencies expands for pure tones from the middle frequencies (500-2500 Hz) to low and high frequencies (100 and 4500 Hz). After 34 wks, VPIs discriminate their mother's voice from that of another mother and of another woman (emotionally neutral). This preferential reactivity relies on a "cardiac orienting reflex" suggesting that VPI not exposed for weeks to their mother’s voice in utero, can develop perceptual abilities similar to those of the fetuses continuously exposed to the prosody of their mother’s voice. They open ways for further research on the long-term consequences of early auditory experience (attachment, language and emotions development)
Fontanilles, Guillaume. "Caractérisation des propriétés optiques infrarouges et de la température par désagrégation de mesures directionnelles et spectrales." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0008.
Full textBacour, Cédric. "Contribution à la détermination des paramètres biophysiques des couverts végétaux par inversion de modèles de réflectance : analyses de sensibilité comparatives et configurations optimales." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077164.
Full textHueber, Nicolas. "Etude du comportement d'un capteur CCD au Silicium sous irradiation laser dans la bande spectrale de sensibilité : application potentielle de méthodes de traitement d'image pour la protection des imageurs." Mulhouse, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MULH0854.
Full textOptronic countermeasure (OCM) is a military domain aiming at a decrease of the detection capacities of adverse optronic systems. Among OCM methods, laser dazzling presents a real threat for sensors. The purpose of this thesis is to study interaction effects between laser and CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensors through image corruption quantification in order to detect saturated regions and to propose protection solutions. The conception of corruption quantification tools allows the highlight of a "black smear" phenomenon. Based on the double local criterion of image luminance and standard deviation, we make an effective and automated extraction of the saturated region. Finally, the proposed methodology which allowed us to deal with the whole problem of an OCM study (modelling, expérimentation and post-treatments for OCCM) is easy to transpose into the infrared domain with other sensor types as the study joined in appendix confiras
Simard, Alexandre D. "Integrated Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25032.
Full textIn the literature, integrated Bragg gratings in Silicon-on-Insulator are relatively simple compared to their fibre Bragg grating counterpart. However, elaborate gratings could improve the signal processing capability of the silicon platform. Thus, this thesis addresses the issues that prevent the design, the fabrication and the characterization of Bragg gratings having elaborate spectral response in the silicon platform. Firstly, in order to precisely characterize Bragg gratings complex spectral response, we proposed to suppress parasitic reflections using temporal filtering. The results obtained with measurement technique, when used with an integral layer peeling algorithm, allowed us to retrieve the amplitude and phase profiles of the grating thus providing a complete characterization of the structure. Moreover, the addition of a low-pass spatial filter allowed improving the characterization process by reducing the measurement noise. Secondly, the main sources of distortion of Bragg gratings spectral response have been identified to be the sidewall roughness and the wafer height fluctuation. An exhaustive study of the impact of these phenomena has been done both numerically and analytically. Furthermore, for the first time, the autocorrelation of these noise sources has been characterized experimentally on a sufficient length. Finally, improvements in the waveguide designs have reduced significantly these effects which allowed the fabrication of Bragg gratings in silicon with the smallest bandwidth published to date. Thirdly, the first demonstration of apodized Bragg gratings using only phase modulation of the structure has been done (i.e. phase apodisation and superposition apodisation). Unlike already published techniques, the later ones have the advantage to be robust to deep-UV lithography and fabrication errors. Furthermore, they do no introduce distortions into the grating phase profile and they are compatible with gratings having small recesses. Finally, in order to increase the grating length while keeping their dimension compatible with the silicon chip size, we proposed to bend them in a compact spiral shape. To do this properly, the curvature impact on the effective index has been modeled and compensated successfully by modifying the grating period. Thus, we have shown that 2 mm long gratings can be integrated on a surface of 200 µm x 190 µm without the addition of spectral degradation and without restrictions on the design structure. These results are of importance because longer grating structures with weaker coupling coefficients and a precise control both on its phase and amplitude are required in order to achieve integrated optical filters with elaborate spectral responses. Thus, we believe that the work presented in this thesis open the door to many new grating-based optical filter designs compatible with integrated optics technologies.
Bidaud, Adrien. "Analyses de sensibilité et d'incertitude de données nucléaires.Contribution à la validation d'une méthodologie utilisant la théorie des perturbations ; application à un concept innovant : réacteur à sels fondus thorium à spectre épithermique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011573.
Full textAyina, Ludos-Hervé. "Etude des modes de variabilité de l'océan Atlantique tropical et de leur sensibilité à l'impact des décharges fluviatiles et des précipitations." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066019.
Full textLeshchishina, Olga. "Etude expérimentale et théorique su spectre d'absorption de la vapeur d'eau vers 800nm et de la bande a¹ÎgøX³Ôgñ de l'oxygène vers 1.27 micron par spectroscopie d'absorption à très haute sensibilité." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY029/document.
Full textCette thèse est consacrée à deux espèces atmosphériques majeures: la vapeur d'eau et l'oxygène. Le spectre d'absorption de la bande 1Delta des six isotopologues de l'oxygène vers 1.27 micron a été enregistré à température ambiante et à 80 K par la technique CW-CRDS de très haute sensibilité. La bande (0-0) permise par le dipôle magnétique est observée pour les espèces 16O2, 16O18O, 16O17O, 17O18O, 18O2 et 17O2. La sensibilité expérimentale atteinte a permis de détecter pour la première fois au laboratoire (i) des transitions quadrupolaires électriques extrêmement faibles dans la bande (0-0) de 18O2, 16O17O et 17O2, (ii) la bande chaude (1-1) de 16O2, 18O2, 16O17O et 17O2 (iii) la structure hyperfine des transitions de 16O17O, 17O18O et 17O2. Ces mesures combinées avec des données micro-ondes et Raman disponibles dans la littérature ont permis de déterminer les meilleures constantes spectroscopiques à ce jour, y compris les paramètres de couplage hyperfin de 17O pour l'état 1Delta des six isotopologues de l'oxygène. Les spectres d'absorption à très haute résolution des isotopologues D216O, HD16O et H218O de la vapeur d'eau ont été enregistrés par ICLAS et FTS entre 8800 et 14100 cm-1. L'analyse du spectre basée sur les calculs variationnels de haute précision a fourni une quantité importante de nouveaux niveaux d'énergie pour chacun des isotopologues considérés. Les niveaux d'énergie expérimentaux obtenus dans cette étude et disponibles dans la littérature ont permis de calculer des positions de raies au niveau de la précision expérimentale dans la gamme 6100-15200 cm-1 qui s'étend bien au-delà de la gamme des enregistrements présents
Bidaud, Adrien. "Analyses de sensibilité et d'incertitude de données nucléaires : contribution à la validation d'une méthodologie utilisant la théorie des perturbations : application à un concept innovant : réacteur à sels fondus thorium à spectre épithermique." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011573.
Full textNeutronic simulation of nuclear reactors is based on knowledge of the neutron-nucleus interaction (cross-sections, fission neutron yields and spectra) for the dozens of nucle present in the core over a very large energy range (fractions of meV to several MeV). To obtain the goal of the sustainable development of nuclear power, future reactors must have new and more strict constraints to their design: optimization of ore materials will necessitate breeding (generation of fissile material from fertile), and waste management will require transmutation. Innovative reactors that could achieve such objectives (Generation IV or ADS) are loaded with new fuels (thorium, heavy actinides) and function with neutron spectra for which nuclear data do not benefit from 50 years of industrial experience, and thus present particular challenges. After validation on an experimental reactor in the framework of an international benchmark, we take classical physic reactor tools along with available nuclear data uncertainties to calculate the sensitivities and uncertainties of the criticality and temperature coefficient of a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor. In addition, a study based on the important reaction rates for the calculation of cycle's equilibrium allows us to estimate the efficiency of different reprocessing strategies and the contribution of these reaction rates on the uncertainty on the breeding and then on the uncertainty of the size of the reprocessing plant. Finally, we use this work to propose an improvement of the high priority request list
Leshchishina, Olga. "Etude expérimentale et théorique su spectre d'absorption de la vapeur d'eau vers 800nm et de la bande a¹ÎΔg - X3 Σg- de l'oxygène vers 1.27 micron par spectroscopie d'absorption à très haute sensibilité." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716403.
Full textSapey-Triomphe, Laurie-Anne. "Inférence et apprentissage perceptifs dans l’autisme : une approche comportementale et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1130/document.
Full textHow we perceive our environment relies both on sensory information and on our priors or expectations. Within the Baysian framework, these priors capture the underlying statistical regularities of our environment and allow inferring sensation causes. Recently, Bayesian brain theories suggested that autistic symptoms could arise from an atypical weighting of sensory information and priors. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is characterized defined by difficulties in social interactions, by restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, and by an atypical sensory perception.This thesis aims at characterizing perceptual inference and learning in ASD, and studies sensory sensitivity and prior learning. This was investigated using behavioral tasks, computational models, questionnaires, functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adults with or without ASD. Sensory profiles in people with high autism spectrum quotients were first refined, using a questionnaire that we validated in French. The study of perceptual learning strategies then revealed that subjects with ASD were less inclined to spontaneously use a learning style enabling generalization. The implicit learning of priors was explored and showed that subjects with ASD were able to build up a prior but had difficulties adjusting it in changing contexts. Finally, the investigation of the neurophysiological correlates and molecular underpinnings of a similar task showed that perceptual decisions biased by priors relied on a distinct neural network in ASD, and was not related to the same modulation by the glutamate/GABA ratio.The overall results shed light on an atypical learning and weighting of priors in ASD, resulting in an abnormal perceptual inference. A Bayesian approach could help characterizing ASD and could contribute to ASD diagnosis and care
Paucar, Casas Walter Jesus. "Concepção otima de sistemas elasto-acusticos interiores acoplados." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265126.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho desenvolveram-se metodologias para a obtenção de formas ótimas em sistemas vibroacústicos acoplados, via mudança de parâmetros geométricos, usando a análise de sensibilidade e ferramentas de programação não linear. As equações matriciais do problema são determinadas com o método dos elementos finitos, e expostas de forma a se tornarem dependentes dos parâmetros estruturais. Uma formulação não simétrica em deslocamento da estrutura e pressão do fluido é utilizada para descrever o sistema. Obtidas as freqüências e modos próprios para um conjunto de parâmetros, executa-se o processo de otimização usando a análise de sensibilidade modal. O objetivo é maximizar o afastamento de freqüências naturais adjacentes, ou diminuir a resposta numa região do sistema para uma faixa predefinida de freqüências de excitação, modificando para isso os parâmetros de forma. O efeito do amortecimento proporcional é incluído na modelagem. Os resultados obtidos são validados a partir de soluções numéricas disponíveis na literatura. A utilização da predição modal no processo de otimização também é analisada. A implementação da metodologia desenvolvida encontra aplicação, por exemplo, na melhora do conforto vibroacústico
Abstract: In this research some methodologies for obtaining optimal forms in coupled vibroacoustic problems are developed, through geometrical parameter changing, using sensitivity analysis and non linear programming tools. The matrix equations of the problem are determined through the finite element method, and then put in such a form that they become functions of the structural parameters. A non symmetrical formulation in structural displacement and tluid pressure is used to describe the system. Once the natural frequencies and modes for a set of parameters are found, the optimization process is conducted using the modal sensitivity analysis. The objective is either to maximize the gap between some adjacent natural frequencies,or to minimizethe frequency response in a specific region of the system for one set of excitation frequencies.This is done by modifying the shape parameters. The effect of proportional damping is included in the model. The results are validated with numerical solutions available in the literature. Additional results using the modal prediction in the optimization are also analyzed. The implemented methodology can be applied, for example, in the improvement of the vibroacoustic confort
Doutorado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Party, Eliot. "Etude des réactions (n, xn) pour les noyaux fertiles / fissiles du cycle du combustible innovant au Thorium." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE020.
Full textTo attain target precisions in reactor simulation, accurate nuclear data are needed, especially for future reactors. In this work, a thorough study of (n,xn) reactions on 232Th has been realised using prompt gamma spectroscopy associated with time of flight method. Cross sections of 81 (n,n'γ), 11 (n,2nγ) and 7 (n,3nγ) have been obtained for energies from 0,2 to 20 MeV, thus expanding considerably the energy range covered by experimental data. Moreover, the influence of cross sections’ uncertainties on nuclear system simulation has been studied for thorium fuel cycle isotopes 232Th and 233U using MCNP and SERPENT codes. This work has shown that uncertainty on inelastic scattering (n,n’) for 232Th is the main contributors to uncertainty of several reactor parameters
Ghanmi, Amal. "Analyse de l'exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques des enfants dans le cadre des nouveaux usages et nouveaux réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974902.
Full textBoyer, Germain. "Étude de stabilité et simulation numérique de l’écoulement interne des moteurs à propergol solide simplifiés." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0029/document.
Full textThe current work deals with the modeling of the hydrodynamic instabilities that play a major role in the triggering of the Pressure Oscillations occurring in large segmented solid rocket motors. These instabilities are responsible for the emergence of Parietal Vortex Shedding (PVS) and they interact with the boosters acoustics. They are first modeled as eigenmodes of the internal steady flowfield of a cylindrical duct with sidewall injection within the global linear stability theory framework. Assuming that the related parietal structures emerge from a baseflow disturbance, discrete meshindependant eigenmodes are computed. In this purpose, a multi-domain spectral collocation technique is implemented in a parallel solver to tackle numerical issues such as the eigenfunctions polynomial axial amplification and the existence of boundary layers. The resulting eigenvalues explicitly depend on the location of the boundaries, namely those of the baseflow disturbance and the duct exit, and are then validated by performing Direct Numerical Simulations. First, they successfully describe flow response to an initial disturbance with sidewall velocity injection break. Then, the simulated forced response to acoustics consists in vortical structures wihich discrete frequencies that are in good agreement with those of the eigenmodes. These structures are reflected into upstream pressure waves with identical frequencies. Finally, the PVS, which response to a compressible forcing such as the acoustic one is linear, is understood as the driving phenomenon of the Pressure Oscillations thanks to both numerical simulation and stability theory
Émond, Martine. "La nocturnalité chez les oiseux côtiers et marins : étude comparative des structures et fonctions rétiniennes." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17062.
Full textFurmaniak, David Heinerich [Verfasser]. "Bakterien mit Bildung von "Extended-Spectrum"-Beta-Laktamasen : mikrobiologischer Nachweis, Antibiotika-Sensibilität und klinische Bedeutung / David Heinerich Furmaniak." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007138750/34.
Full textRivard, Mélina. "Progression des comportements sociaux et verbaux et effets de la sensibilité sociale chez des enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme inscrits à un programme d'intervention comportementale précoce." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4145/1/D2130.pdf.
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