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Journal articles on the topic 'Sensitivity of piezoceramic sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Okojie, Robert S., Roger D. Meredith, Clarence T. Chang, and Ender Savrun. "High Temperature Dynamic Pressure Measurements Using Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-ta25.

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Un-cooled, MEMS-based silicon carbide (SiC) static pressure sensors were used for the first time to measure pressure perturbations at temperatures as high as 600 °C during laboratory characterization, and subsequently evaluated in a combustor rig operated under various engine conditions to extract the frequencies that are associated with thermoacoustic instabilities. One SiC sensor was placed directly in the flow stream of the combustor rig while a benchmark commercial water-cooled piezoceramic dynamic pressure transducer was co-located axially but kept some distance away from the hot flow stream. In the combustor rig test, the SiC sensor detected thermoacoustic instabilities across a range of engine operating conditions, amplitude magnitude as low as 0.5 psi at 585 °C, in good agreement with the benchmark piezoceramic sensor. The SiC sensor experienced low signal to noise ratio at higher temperature, primarily due to the fact that it was a static sensor with low sensitivity.

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2

Ono, Kanji. "Rayleigh Wave Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors and Ultrasonic Transducers." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143129.

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Acoustic emission (AE) sensors and ultrasonic transducers were characterized for the detection of Rayleigh waves (RW). Small aperture reference sensors were characterized first using the fracture of glass capillary tubes in combination with a theoretical displacement calculation, which utilized finite element method (FEM) and was verified by laser interferometer. For the calibration of 18 commercial sensors and two piezoceramic disks, a 90° angle beam transducer was used to generate RW pulses on an aluminum transfer block. By a substitution method, RW receiving sensitivity of a sensor under test was determined over the range of frequency from 22 kHz to 2 MHz. Results were compared to the sensitivities to normally incident waves (NW) and to other guided waves (GW). It was found that (1) NW sensitivities are always higher than RW sensitivities, (2) differences between NW and RW receiving sensitivities are dependent on frequency and sensor size, (3) most sensors show comparable RW and GW receiving sensitivities, especially those of commonly used AE sensors, and (4) the receiving sensitivities of small aperture (1 mm diameter) sensors behave differently from larger sensors.

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3

Zhao, Jinlei, Tengfei Bao, Shanying Chen, and Tribikram Kundu. "Smart Aggregate-Piezoceramic Patch Combination for Health Monitoring of Concrete Structures." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3270916.

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A new method combining an embedded smart aggregate and surface mounted piezoceramic patches is introduced for health monitoring of concrete structures. The smart aggregate is embedded in a concrete beam as an actuator (or transmitter), and piezoceramic patches are attached on the surface of the concrete beam as sensors. Two tests using the smart aggregate and the piezoceramic patches are conducted. The first test investigates the sensitivity of the recorded signal amplitude-frequency relation on the piezoceramic patches. To explain the significant amplitude fluctuations in the results, the possibility of resonance occurring in the piezoceramic patches in a certain frequency range is verified through finite element modeling. In the second test, a damage index is proposed to evaluate the health of concrete structures and a three-point bending test is conducted to induce damage in the concrete beam. It is observed that, with increasing severity of damage in the concrete beam, the recorded signal amplitude at the patches decreases gradually while the value of the damage index increases significantly. The experimental results show that the proposed method is an effective tool for health monitoring of concrete structures.

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4

Kulshreshtha, K., B. Jurgelucks, F. Bause, J. Rautenberg, and C. Unverzagt. "Increasing the sensitivity of electrical impedance to piezoelectric material parameters with non-uniform electrical excitation." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-217-2015.

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Abstract. To increase the robustness and functionality of piezoceramic ultrasonic sensors, e.g. for flow, material concentration or non-destructive testing, their development is often supported by computer simulations. The results of such finite-element-based simulations are dependent on correct simulation parameters, especially the material data set of the modelled piezoceramic. In recent years several well-known methods for estimation of such parameters have been developed that require knowledge of the sensitivity of a measured behaviour of the material with respect to the parameter set. One such measurable quantity is the electrical impedance of the ceramic. Previous studies for radially symmetric sensors with holohedral electrode setups have shown that the impedance shows little or no sensitivity to certain parameters and simulations reflect this behaviour making parameter estimation difficult. In this paper we have used simulations with special ring-shaped electrode geometry and non-uniform electrical excitation in order to find electrode geometries, with which the computed impedance displays a higher sensitivity to the changes in the parameter set. We find that many such electrode geometries exist in simulations and formulate an optimisation problem to find the local maxima of the sensitivities. Such configurations can be used to conduct experiments and solve the parameter estimation problem more efficiently.

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5

Engel, A., A. Stemmer, M. Lezius, and U. Aebi. "Scanning sensor microscopy of biological membranes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010015808x.

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The attractive features of nm-sized sensors scanned over a surface by piezoceramic elements and kept in close contact by a servo system are their high spatial resolution and sensitivity as well as the possiblity to operate them in different environments. The first sensor ever used is a sharp metal tip which picks up a tunnel current iT when approached towards the surface of a conductor. As iT changes by an order of magnitude for a variation of the tunnel gap s by 0.1 nm, a precise control of s is possible and used in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to map surface topographies at atomic scale. The possibility to probe atomic dimensions in this way led to the development of the scanning force microscope (SFM) which determines the deflection of a flexible cantilever while scanned over a surface. Measuring this deflection by a light optical system then provided a SFM that can be operated in buffer solutions.

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6

Szewieczek, Artur, Christian Willberg, Daniel Schmidt, and Michael Sinapius. "Virtual sensors for SHM using isogeometric piezoelectric finite elements." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 6 (December 7, 2015): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-11-2014-0064.

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Purpose – A design of sensor networks for structural health monitoring (SHM) with guided waves poses a hard challenge. Therefore different approaches are possible. A known one is the usage of probability of detection (POD) criteria. Here, areas of potential impact sensitivity are calculated for every sensor which leads to a POD. The number of sensors is increased until a demanded POD is reached. However, these calculations are usually based on finite element methods and underlie different assumptions and approximations which can cause different inaccuracies. These limitations are avoided by using an experimental data basis for virtual sensors in this paper. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – An air-coupled ultrasound scanning technique is used for guided wave investigations. Recorded displacements of a structure surface are used as stimulation of virtual sensors which can be designed by software and positioned within available data field. For the calculation of sensor signals an isogeometric finite element model is used. The virtually bonded layer of the virtual piezoceramic sensor interpolates with non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS) the measured nodal data for each time step. This interpolation corresponds to a displacement boundary condition and is used to calculate the electrical potential at the free surface of the sensor. Findings – Experimental data based on air-coupled ultrasound scanning technique can be used for elimination of disadvantages in numerical simulations by developing sensor networks for SHM. In combination with a transfer matrix method (TM) a three-dimensional displacement of specimen surface for complex composites can be calculated. To obtain the sensor signal a surface-bonded sensor is modeled by an isogeometric finite element approach. A good accordance is found between calculated virtual sensor signal and its experimental verification. Research limitations/implications – Some deviations between calculated signal and its experimental verification are mainly justified by different spectral transfer functions between wave field scanning technique and signal recording of applied sensors. Furthermore, sensor influence on wave propagation is neglected in the presented method. Originality/value – In this paper, the principle of virtual sensors is applied on anisotropic multilayered lamina by using isogeometric finite elements for piezoelectric sensors. This enables any sensor dimension, layout and position on complex composites. Furthermore a bonding layer between specimen and sensor is considered. The method allows a detailed analysis of sensor behavior on a specimen surface and the design and optimization of entire sensor networks for SHM.

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7

Chrysochoidis, Nikolaos A., Antigoni K. Barouni, and Dimitris A. Saravanos. "Delamination detection in composites using wave modulation spectroscopy with a novel active nonlinear acousto-ultrasonic piezoelectric sensor." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22, no. 18 (December 2011): 2193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11428363.

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A novel structural health monitoring (SHM) methodology, based on nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy, is presented for the detection of delamination cracks in composites. The basic element is a novel active nonlinear acousto-ultrasonic piezoelectric sensor enabling low-cost and wide-frequency operational bandwidth. The active sensor configuration involves two piezoceramic wafer actuators, each one excited with a low- and high-frequency signal respectively, and a piezoceramic sensor, all permanently bonded on the tested structure. Experiments are conducted on two sets of composite strips containing delamination cracks of different sizes. Measured results illustrate first the efficiency of the nonlinear ultrasonics methodology to detect delamination cracks, as well as, the potential and benefits of the new active sensor. The sensitivity of the active sensor response to the crack size and the applied high-frequency carrier signals at the actuators, vary at various frequency and voltage levels indicating the appropriate testing setup. Additionally repeatability of proposed SHM methodology is studied.

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8

Hong, Yong, Gao Ping Wang, Seung Ho Hwang, Hyun Sik Kim, and Dong Pyo Hong. "Detection of Various Damages Based on Piezoceramic Optical Fiber Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.367.

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A piezoelectric ultrasonic sensing system based on an optical fiber has been developed for detection of various damages. The ultrasonic wave generated from a piezoelectric actuator is guided and propagated in the optical fiber and then sensed by a piezoelectric sensor located at the other end of the fiber. The sensed signal can be influenced by environmental and physical changes around the optical fiber. In this study, the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor is experimentally studied. Various patterns of damage, such as cracks, loosen bolts, holes, are more common forms in real structures. In particular, detection method of the damage with respect to various depths of the crack is presented in this paper.

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Sethi, V., MA Franchek, and G. Song. "Active multimodal vibration suppression of a flexible structure with piezoceramic sensor and actuator by using loop shaping." Journal of Vibration and Control 17, no. 13 (January 17, 2011): 1994–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546310393440.

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This paper represents active multimodal vibration control of a flexible beam structure with piezoceramic (PZT) actuators and sensors using the loop shaping method. With surface-bonded PZT patch actuators and sensors, the flexible beam has both sensing and actuating capacities. Due to its flat auto spectrum in the specified frequency range, the Schroeder wave is used as an excitation signal for the non-parametric identification of the flexible beam structure. The identified open loop model is then used for the closed loop design by using the loop shaping method based on the extended sensitivity charts. A loop shaping compensator is designed to achieve multimodal vibration suppression. Numerical results showed a reduction of 8 decibels for the first mode and 12–14 decibels for the second and third modes. Experimental results closely match the simulation results. Furthermore, the results of loop shaping method are compared with those of the methods of linear quadratic regulator and pole-placement control, which are designed based on state space models via the parametric identification of the flexible beam. Comparisons show that the loop shaping method is easier to design since a parametric identification is not required and requires less control effort while maintaining the effectiveness in vibration suppression.

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10

Chang, Shun Hsyung, Igor Zhilyaev, Maria Shevtsova, Ping Chen Wu, Yuang Tung Cheng, and Jiing Kae Wu. "Structural Optimization of MEMS-Based Hydrophones with Perforated Active Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.597.

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This paper presents some results of finite element (FE) analysis performed for membrane-type piezoceramic transducer for underwater acoustics applications. We studied the miniaturized sensor with perforated holes in the active PZT membrane, intermediate, and protective plates. In this investigation an influence of the polyimide plate viscous damping, the membranes dimensions and the relative area of the perforated holes on the frequency response of sensitivity was studied for the broadening and flattening the operating frequency band. An optimization of these key parameters using the genetic algorithm working with the device’s FE model was demonstrated.

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11

Zhang, Xiaoyu, Liuyu Zhang, Laijun Liu, and Linsheng Huo. "Prestress Monitoring of a Steel Strand in an Anchorage Connection Using Piezoceramic Transducers and Time Reversal Method." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 18, 2018): 4018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114018.

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Steel strands are widely used in cable stay or suspension bridges. The safety and stability of steel strands are important issues during their operation period. Steel strand is subjected to various types of prestress loss which loosens the wedge anchorage system, negatively impacting the stability of the structure and even leading to severe accidents. In this paper, the authors propose a time reversal (TR) method to monitor the looseness status of the wedge anchorage system by using stress wave based active sensing. As a commonly used piezoceramic material, Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) with a strong piezoelectric effect is employed. In the proposed active sensing approach, PZT patches are used as sensors and actuators to monitor the steel strand looseness status. One PZT patch is bonded to the steel strand, one PZT patch is bonded to the wedges, and another PZT patch is bonded to the barrel. There are three different interfaces of the wedge anchorage system to monitor the steel strand looseness status. In the first method, the PZT patch on the steel strand is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patch on the wedge is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system. In the second method, the PZT patch on the steel strand is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patch on the barrel is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system. In the third method, the PZT patch on the wedges is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patches on the barrel is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system, of which the looseness will directly impact the stress wave propagation. The TR method is utilized to analyze the transmitted signal between PZT patches through the wedge anchorage system. Compared with the peak values of the TR focused signals, it can be found that the peak value increases as the wedge anchorage system tightness increases. Therefore, the peak value of the TR focused signal can be used to monitor the tightness of the steel strand. In addition, the experimental results demonstrated the time reversal method’s reliability, sensitivity and anti-noise property.

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12

Hong, Yong, Byung Jin Kim, Dong Pyo Hong, and Young Moon Kim. "Damage Detection and Quantitative Assessment for the Cracked Beam Structures." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2431.

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Beam structures are a common form in many large structures, and therefore the real-time condition monitoring and active control of beams will improve the reliability and safety of many structures. However, the incipient damage, i.e. cracks, is not easy to be detected with using the traditional methods, such as modal analysis, etc. Piezoceramic (PZT) sensors offer special opportunities for the health monitoring of structures constructed by beams. The change of mechanical impedance of structures along with the occurrence of damage is sensitively indicated by the change of electro-impedance of PZT sensors. This paper presents work done on developing and utilizing PZT sensors to detect and quantitatively assess the extent and locations of cracks occurred in simulated structures. The PZT sensors are conducted particularly to generate the longitudinal wave along the beam specimen, and systematic experiments conducted on statistical samples of incrementally damaged specimens were used to fully understand the method, the cracks with different length and location are simulated to indicate the feasibility of the detection and assessment. To estimate the damage conditions numerically, in this paper, we propose the evaluation method of impedance peak frequency shift F and CC (Correlation Coefficient), Cov (Covariance). The results of experiments verify that the impedance peak frequency shift Δ F uniformly assesses the location of cracks, and as well CC. and Cov assesses the size of cracks efficiently. The study presents the method that is satisfied for much higher frequencies, alternate power, and minute damages.

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13

Rus, G., Felipe García-Sánchez, Andrés Sáez, and R. Gallego. "Damage Detection in Piezoceramics via BEM." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.381.

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Piezoelectric ceramics have recently become one of the most used materials in all kinds of electromechanical systems. However, the presence of defects in such materials prevents them from fulfilling their function. A number of numerical, analytical and experimental works are recently being developed to understand the behaviour of piezoelectrics with presence of damage, but very few aimed at locating defects. One of the current challenges in monitoring piezoelectrics is the correct interpretation of the readings from sensors, in order to reliably recover the defect characteristics minimizing uncertainties due to noise and model. An inverse problem strategy is proposed for this reconstruction, starting from the electromechanical response measurement as input data, and incorporating a numerical model that simulates that response. This model is solved using a Boundary Element Method (BEM), whose formulation is developed for the 2D static case. The damage identification inverse problem is solved using genetic algorithms for the minimization of the discrepancy or cost functional. The effect of noise on measurements and uncertainties in the model is studied in detail through a sensitivity analysis for some simple cases of defect.

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14

Palomino, L. V., K. M. Tsuruta, J. R. V. Mour Jr, D. A. Radea, V. Steffen Jr., and D. J. Inman. "Evaluation of the Influence of Sensor Geometry and Physical Parameters on Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 5 (2012): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/169372.

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Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the process of damage identification in mechanical structures that encompasses four main phases: damage detection, damage localization, damage extent evaluation and prognosis of residual life. Among various existing SHM techniques, the one based on electromechanical impedance measurements has been considered as one of the most effective, especially in the identification of incipient damage. This method measures the variation of the electromechanical impedance of the structure as caused by the presence of damage by using piezoelectric transducers bonded on the surface of the structure (or embedded into it). The most commonly used smart material in the context of the present contribution is the lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Through these piezoceramic sensor-actuators, the electromechanical impedance, which is directly related to the mechanical impedance of the structure, is obtained as a frequency domain dynamic response. Based on the variation of the impedance signals, the presence of damage can be detected. A particular damage metric can be used to quantify the damage. For the success of the monitoring procedure, the measurement system should be robust enough with respect to environmental influences from different sources, in such a way that correct and reliable decisions can be made based on the measurements. The environmental influences become more critical under certain circumstances, especially in aerospace applications, in which extreme conditions are frequently encountered. In this paper, the influence of electromagnetic radiation, temperature and pressure variations, and ionic environment have been examined in laboratory. In this context, the major concern is to determine if the impedance responses are affected by these influences. In addition, the sensitivity of the method with respect to the shape of the PZT patches is evaluated. Conclusions are drawn regarding the monitoring efficiency, stability and precision.

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15

Chiu, Chien-Kuo, Chia-Hsin Wu, Hsin-Fang Sung, Wen-I. Liao, and Chih-Hsien Lin. "Application of Post-Embedded Piezoceramic Sensors for Force Detection on RC Columns under Seismic Loading." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 5061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155061.

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To quantify damage to reinforced concrete (RC) column members after an earthquake, an engineer needs to know the maximum applied force that was generated by the earthquake. Therefore, in this work, piezoceramic transducers were used to detect the applied force on an RC column member under dynamic loading. To investigate the use of post-embedded piezoceramic sensors in detecting the force that is applied to RC columns, eight full-size RC column specimens with various failure modes were tested under specific earthquake loadings. Post-embedded piezoceramic sensors were installed at a range of depths (70–80 mm) beneath the surface of a column specimen to examine the relationship between the signals that were obtained from them and the force applied by the dynamic actuator. The signals that were generated by the post-embedded piezoceramic sensors, which correlate with the applied force, are presented. These results indicate that the post-embedded piezoceramic sensors have great potential as tools for measuring the maximum applied force on an RC column in an earthquake. In other words, signals that are obtained from post-embedded piezoceramic sensors on an RC column in an earthquake can be used to determine the applied force and corresponding damage or residual seismic capacity.

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Himawan, Helmy Mukti. "SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS PIEZO CERAMIC TUBE FOR ULTRASONIC FLOW MEASUREMENT." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 17, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v17i1.27.

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Tube piezoceramic used for the laying of a variety of sensors with a relatively small diameter to the size of a few micrometer to a few milli meters. Materials used in Piezoceramic Tube specially formulated standards for cylinders, so many different kinds of sensors which has a cylindrical shape for use as a place Piezoceramic. Use of Piezoceramic Tube one to measure ultrasonic flow. In the ultrasonic flow rate measurement distinction is made between two different measurement principles, namely the Doppler effect and timing analysis wave. In both cases Piezoceramic transducer placed on the walls of the tube produces ultrasonic waves, which are then transmitted into the liquid diagonal to the direction of flow.

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17

Biemans, C., W. J. Staszewski, C. Boller, and Geoffrey R. Tomlinson. "Crack Detection in Metallic Structures Using Piezoceramic Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 167-168 (June 1999): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.167-168.112.

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18

Jung, Ibong, and Yongrae Roh. "Design and fabrication of piezoceramic bimorph vibration sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 69, no. 3 (September 1998): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00099-5.

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19

Lobastov, S. A., and S. I. Gerasimov. "Spherical piezoceramic sensors for measuring shock-wave parameters." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 60, no. 1 (January 2017): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441217010092.

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20

Liu, Shukui, Wei Sun, Hongwen Jing, and Zhaoxing Dong. "Debonding Detection and Monitoring for CFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Pizeoceramic Sensors." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132150.

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The bonding status between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and concrete is one of the key issues for the safety of CFPR-reinforced structures, thus it is of great importance to detect the debonding as early as possible. Instead of detecting the debonding which is artificially set at the very beginning, this paper investigates the feasibility of using low-cost piezoceramic sensors to detect and monitor the debonding of CFRP-reinforced concrete beams in situ. For existing debonding detection, a concrete beam reinforced with CFRP sheet was loaded through the three-point bending test till failure to induce debonding between CFRP sheet and the concrete substrate, and piezoceramic sensors were used to detect the existing debonding by analyzing the receiving ultrasonic waves. In addition, the debonding detection results were further compared with and verified by the vision-based strain testing results. For in-situ debonding monitoring, 10 piezoceramic sensors were used as an array to track the wave transmission changes during the loading process of a CFRP-reinforced concrete beam, and the debonding development process was successfully monitored. The test results show that the low-cost piezoceramic sensors are very effective to generate and receive ultrasonic waves, and are capable of detecting the existing debonding and monitoring of the in-situ debonding process as well.

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Ouahabi, Abdelhakim, Marc Thomas, Makiko Kobayashi, and Cheng Kuei Jen. "Structural Health Monitoring of Aerospace Structures with Sol-Gel Spray Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.505.

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A new approach is proposed for conducting structural health monitoring, based on newly developed piezoceramic sensors. They are fabricated by a sol-gel spray technique. The potential application of these sensors may be broad. These sensors have been evaluated for structural health monitoring studies. The purpose of the present study aims the detection and the localization of defects by the means of these new piezoceramic sensors. Nine sensors were integrated onto a metallic plate with moving masses. The plate was excited by an impact at a specific location and the vibratory signals from sensors were recorded simultaneously. The analysis of signals obtained from nine locations was correlated with a numerical simulation in order to identify at each time the location of the mass.

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22

Evseichik, Yu B., S. I. Rudnitskii, V. M. Sharapov, and N. A. Shul'ga. "Sensitivity of a metal-piezoceramic bimorph transducer." Soviet Applied Mechanics 26, no. 12 (December 1990): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00887681.

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23

Panich, A. E. "Domestic Piezoceramic Materials for the Mechanical Quantity Piezoelectric Sensors." Физические основы приборостроения 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25210/jfop-1901-030035.

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24

Lee, B. C., Graeme Manson, and W. J. Staszewski. "Environmental Effects on Lamb Wave Responses from Piezoceramic Sensors." Materials Science Forum 440-441 (November 2003): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.440-441.195.

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25

Thielicke, Bärbel, Thomas Gesang, and Peter Wierach. "Reliability of piezoceramic patch sensors under cyclic mechanical loading." Smart Materials and Structures 12, no. 6 (November 19, 2003): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/12/6/018.

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26

Danouj, B., S. A. Tahan, E. David, and M. Lotfi. "Partial discharges location in power transformers using piezoceramic sensors." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp1942-1950.

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The detection and the spatial localization of partial discharges in high-voltage electrical machines are considered as an effective method in predictive maintenance that can provide valuable information on the health of the insulation system and allow to determine accurately the location of the risky insulation elements, which in turn will avoid any premature equipment’s deterioration by scheduling preventive maintenance action. After confirming in a previous published paper the efficiency of a new generation of piezoceramics sensors (high temperature ultrasonic transducers) to detect and characterize partial discharges, we are going to investigate, in this work, a second potential of this technology to locate the partial discharge sources by relying on its ability to detect acoustic signals emitted by partial discharge sources. We will present experimental results, demonstrating the effectiveness of these sensors to locate partial discharges sources and, we will also present an algorithm for calculating the partial discharge foci, based on the acoustic wave flight time.

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27

Kim, C. G., D. U. Sung, D. H. Kim, and H. J. Bang. "OS09W0212 Health monitoring in composite structures using piezoceramic sensors and fiber optic sensors." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS09W0212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os09w0212.

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Sun, Hu, Yishou Wang, Xinlin Qing, and Zhanjun Wu. "High Strain Survivability of Piezoceramics by Optimal Bonding Adhesive Design." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 4, 2018): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082554.

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As one of the most common transducers used in structural health monitoring (SHM), piezoceramic sensors can play an important role in both damage detection and impact monitoring. However, the low tensile strain survivability of piezoceramics resulting from the material nature significantly limits their application on SHM in the aerospace industry. This paper proposes a novel approach to greatly improve the strain survivability of piezoceramics by optimal design of the adhesive used to bond them to the host structure. Theoretical model for determining the strain transfer coefficient through bonded adhesive from the host structure to piezoceramic is first established. Finite element analysis is then utilized to study the parameters of adhesive, including thickness and shear modulus. Experiments are finally conducted to validate the proposed method, and results show the piezoceramic sensors still work well when they are bonded on the host structures with tensile strain up to 4000 με by using the optimal adhesive.

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29

Lekscha, Thomas, and Daniela Ďuračková. "Feasibility Investigations of the Possibility of Measurements, of the Ultrasonic Transducer Power Output at Ultrasonic-Therapy-Devices, with Piezoceramic Sensors." Journal of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-011-0050-y.

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Feasibility Investigations of the Possibility of Measurements, of the Ultrasonic Transducer Power Output at Ultrasonic-Therapy-Devices, with Piezoceramic SensorsThe paper shows the essential results for the investigation of a new ultrasonic power measuring method, in articular for measuring the sonic pressure of ultrasonic therapy devices, by using piezoceramic sensors. The aim of this work is to develop a new measuring instrument for the fast performance measurement at ultrasonic-therapy-devices.

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30

Gridnev, S. A., N. G. Pavlova, V. V. Gorbatenko, and L. A. Shuvalov. "PmP154. Newly developed multicomponent piezoceramic system for alternating pressure sensors." Ferroelectrics 134, no. 1 (September 1992): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199208015564.

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31

Newbury, Kenneth M., and Donald J. Leo. "Structural Dynamics of Stiffened Plates with Piezoceramic Sensors and Actuators." AIAA Journal 39, no. 5 (May 2001): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1399.

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32

Chun, Heoung Jae, Choong Hee Yi, and Joon Hyung Byun. "Damage Identification by Embedded Piezoceramic Sensors in the Composite Plate." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1697.

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The embedded structural health monitoring system is envisioned to be an important factor of future structural systems. One of the many attractions of in situ health monitoring system is its capability to inspect the structural systems in less intrusive way over many other visual inspections which require disassembly of built up structures when some indications have appeared that damages have occurred in the structural systems The vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process is used to fabricate woven-glass/phenol composite specimens which have the PZT sensor array embedded in them. The embedded piezoceramic (PZT) sensors are used as both transmitters and receivers. A damage identification approach is developed for a woven-glass/phenol composite laminates with known localized defects. Propagation of the Lamb waves in laminates and their interactions with the defects are examined. Lamb waves are generated by the high power ultrasonic analyzer. A real time active diagnosis system is therefore established. The results obtained show that satisfactory detection accuracy could be achieved by proposed method.

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33

ADACHI, Kazuhiko, Syota HORIUCHI, and Hiroshi KANKI. "104 Impact Detection for Structures Using Surface Bonded Piezoceramic Sensors." Proceedings of the Symposium on Evaluation and Diagnosis 2006.5 (2006): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesed.2006.5.26.

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34

Newbury, Kenneth M., and Donald J. Leo. "Structural dynamics of stiffened plates with piezoceramic sensors and actuators." AIAA Journal 39 (January 2001): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14821.

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35

Rupitsch, Stefan J., Felix Wolf, Alexander Sutor, and Reinhard Lerch. "Reliable modeling of piezoceramic materials utilized in sensors and actuators." Acta Mechanica 223, no. 8 (March 14, 2012): 1809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-012-0639-7.

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36

KANG, KYOUNG-TAK, HEOUNG-JAE CHUN, JU-HYUN SON, JOON-HYUNG BYUN, MOON-KWANG UM, and SANG-KWAN LEE. "STUDY OF COMPOSITE PLATE DAMAGES USING EMBEDDED PZT SENSORS WITH VARIOUS CENTER FREQUENCY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 15n16 (June 30, 2010): 2398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921006499x.

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This study presents part of an experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for damage detection of composite structural. Embedded piezoceramic (PZT) sensors were excited with the high power ultrasonic wave generator generating a propagation of stress wave along the composite plate. The same embedded piezoceramic (PZT) sensors are used as receivers for acquiring stress signals. The effects of center frequency of embedded sensor were evaluated for the damage identification capability with known localized defects. The study was carried out to assess damage in composite plate by fusing information from multiple sensing paths of the embedded network. It was based on the Hilbert transform, signal correlation and probabilistic searching. The obtained results show that satisfactory detection of defects could be achieved by proposed method.

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37

Hanagud, S., M. W. Obal, and A. J. Calise. "Optimal vibration control by the use of piezoceramic sensors and actuators." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 15, no. 5 (September 1992): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.20969.

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38

Sung, Chia‐Chi, Xiaoqi Bao, Vasundara V. Varadan, and Vijay K. Varadan. "Shear mode piezoceramic sensors and actuators for active torsional vibration control." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 87, S1 (May 1990): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2028106.

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39

Liao, C. Y., and C. K. Sung. "An Elastodynamic Analysis and Control of Flexible Linkages Using Piezoceramic Sensors and Actuators." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919241.

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This paper presents an analytical and experimental study on the elastodynamic analysis and control of flexible linkages mechanisms using piezoceramic sensors and actuators. A mixed variational principle is developed to provide the basis for deriving the finite element equations which govern the dynamic responses of the flexible links, behavior of the piezoelectric materials and their coupling relationships, while being subjected to both mechanical and electric boundary conditions. The piezoceramic devices featuring the characteristics of smart materials capable of sensing and controlling elastodynamic responses of the flexible links are employed in an LQG/LTR (Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery) control scheme to ensure a stable performance. Finally, a four-bar linkage mechanism with one flexible link is utilized as an illustrative example. The results show that the midspan vibration of the flexible link has been greatly suppressed and the control/observer spillover-induced instability has been avoided.

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Kim, Chun Gon, Dae Un Sung, Dae Hyun Kim, and Hyung Joon Bang. "OS9(7)-28(OS09W0212) Health Monitoring in Composite Structures Using Piezoceramic Sensors and Fiber Optic Sensors." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003 (2003): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.349.

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41

Chetwynd, Daley, T. L. Lew, Keith Worden, and Jem A. Rongong. "Damage Detection in an Aluminium Plate with an Active Constrained Layer Damping Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.205.

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This work was conducted as part of the European Union project ARTIMA and it investigates the potential for a dual use active constrained layer damping treatment for both vibration control and structural health monitoring. It examines a curved aluminium plate with an ACLD treatment formed by mounting a large piezoceramic patch with Araldite 2027. The plate was investigated by ultrasonic Lamb waves generated by the patch, and several smaller piezoceramic transducers were used as sensors. Damage was simulated by adding incrementally increasing saw cuts to the plate, and the technique of outlier analysis was used to classify when this damage had occurred.

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42

Wu, Aiping, Sihong He, Yali Ren, Ning Wang, Siu Ho, and Gangbing Song. "Design of a New Stress Wave-Based Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) Communication System with Piezoceramic Transducers." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030558.

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Stress wave-based communication has great potential for succeeding in subsea environments where many conventional methods would otherwise face excessive difficulty, and it can benefit logging well by using the drill string as a conduit for stress wave propagation. To achieve stress wave communication, a new stress wave-based pulse position modulation (PPM) communication system is designed and implemented to transmit data through pipeline structures with the help of piezoceramic transducers. This system consists of both hardware and software components. The hardware is composed of a piezoceramic transducer that can generate powerful stress waves travelling along a pipeline, upon touching, and a PPM signal generator that drives the piezoceramic transducer. Once the transducer is in contact with a pipeline surface, the generator integrated with an amplifier is utilized to excite the piezoceramic transducer with a voltage signal that is modulated to encode the information. The resulting vibrations of the transducer generates stress waves that propagate throughout the pipeline. Meanwhile, piezoceramic sensors mounted on the pipeline convert the stress waves to electric signals and the signal can be demodulated. In order to enable the encoding and decoding of information in the stress wave, a PPM-based communication protocol was integrated into the software system. A verification experiment demonstrates the functionality of the developed system for stress wave communication using piezoceramic transducers and the result shows that the data transmission speed of this new communication system can reach 67 bits per second (bps).

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43

Kim, Byung Soo, and Yong Rae Roh. "Piezoelectric Sensor System for Structural Health Monitoring." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.194.

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This paper presents the feasibility of a sensor system consisting of piezoelectric oscillator sensors to detect local damages and ultrasonic sensors to detect global damages in a structure. The oscillator sensor is composed of a feedback oscillator circuit and a piezoceramic lateral mode vibrator to be attached to a structure. Damage to the structure causes a change in the resonant frequency of the vibrator, which is detected by the oscillator circuit. However, the response of the oscillator sensor is limited to the area around the sensor, thus local measurement. The ultrasonic sensor generates Lamb waves and the waves traveled over a long distance are received by another piezoceramic patch on the structure. The received wave form reflects all the defects encountered during the propagation, thus global measurement is possible. The two sensor types are combined as a sensor network, and its operation system is developed as a portable unit for practical applicability.

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44

Gibbs, Gary P., and Chris R. Fuller. "Experiments on active control of vibrational power flow using piezoceramic actuators/sensors." AIAA Journal 30, no. 2 (February 1992): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.10939.

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45

Ha, Sung Kyu, Charles Keilers, and Fu-Kuo Chang. "Finite element analysis of composite structures containing distributed piezoceramic sensors and actuators." AIAA Journal 30, no. 3 (March 1992): 772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.10984.

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46

Sung, Chia-Chi, Vasundara V. Varadan, Xiao-Qi Bao, and Vijay K. Varadan. "Active Torsional Vibration Control Experiments Using Shear-Type Piezoceramic Sensors and Actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 5, no. 3 (May 1994): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9400500319.

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47

Kang, Young Kyu, Moon Hyun Kim, Hyun Chul Park, and Brij Agrawal. "Multi-Modal Vibration Control of Laminated Composite Plates Using Piezoceramic Sensors/Actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 9, no. 12 (December 1998): 988–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9800901203.

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48

Schlagner, S., and U. von Wagner. "Evaluation of automotive disk brake noise behavior using piezoceramic actuators and sensors." PAMM 7, no. 1 (December 2007): 4050031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700854.

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49

ADACHI, Kazuhiko, and Kinya SAKOTA. "B21 Structural Damage Identification based on Piezoceramic Sensors with Time Reversal Processing." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2005.9 (2005): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2005.9.277.

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50

Wang, Y., and J. C. Slater. "A Comparison of Conventional and Impedance Methods for Modeling Piezoelectric Materials Actuation in Smart Structures." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893884.

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In this paper two distinct methods, an impedance method and a “conventional” method, for modeling the dynamic interaction between the piezoelectric actuators/sensors and the substructures are summarized. It is demonstrated that both methods yield equivalent models for the beam with piezoceramic actuation. The pros and cons of each technique are discussed.

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