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1
Švéda, Miroslav, and Radimı́r Vrba. "Actuator-sensor-interface interconnectivity." Control Engineering Practice 7, no. 1 (January 1999): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(98)00138-5.
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Park, Seongjun, Minjeong Park, Seonpil Kim, and Minhyon Jeon. "Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructure/Copper Nanowire for Additive Interface Layer of Ionic Polymer Metal Composite." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030423.
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Additive interface materials for improved ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator performance are being investigated. In this study, three-dimensional carbon nanostructure/copper nanowire (3DC Cu-NW) with a novel structure was synthesized via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. An IPMC actuator with a 3DC Cu-NW interface layer was fabricated, which exhibited improved actuation performance, long-term stability, and electrochemical properties. The proposed 3DC consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, grown using an Fe catalyst and CH4 gas, respectively. We optimized the growth conditions (Fe catalyst: 12.5 mg/L, CH4: 20 sccm) to achieve a 3DC with an appropriate thickness and a large specific surface area. The 3DC Cu-NW benefited from a Cu oxidation prevention property and a large specific surface area. The electrochemical properties and actuation performance of the IPMC actuator improved with an increased 3DC Cu-NW concentration. An IPMC actuator with a 0.6 wt% 3DC Cu-NW interface layer exhibited 1.3- and 5.6-fold electrochemical property and actuation performance improvement, respectively, over an IPMC actuator with no 3DC Cu-NW interface layer. These results show that the proposed 3DC Cu-NW has potential as an IPMC actuator interface material, and that 3DC Cu-NW synthesis and application technology can be applied to future research on sensor, actuator, and flexible devices.
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Shrestha, Manish Man, Bibek Ropakheti, Uddhav Bhattarai, Ajay Adhikari, and Shreeram Thakur. "Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Device for Damage Detection of Metallic Structures." Scientific World 14, no. 14 (February 15, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v14i14.34979.
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In today’s world, it is necessary to monitor structures for possible damages. A failure to monitor the structures properly can cause structural catastrophe. Many researchers have worked on the low-power ultrasonic device to monitor the structures. In this research, we present an intelligent ultrasonic device (IUD) to monitor and detect the damages on the structures. The device uses microcontroller, actuator interface circuit, sensor interface circuit and radio frequency (RF) modem. The microcontroller has in-built high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and floating-point unit for signal processing. The controller generates the tone-burst signal and sends it to actuator interface circuit. The actuator interface circuit conditions the received signal from the microcontroller and drives the Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) actuator. The actuator generates an ultrasonic wave in the structure. The wave is then sensed by PZT sensors. The sensor interface circuit selects the signal from desired PZT sensor and sends it to the microcontroller for further processing. The microcontroller digitizes the signal and computes the damage index and only if the damage is severe, it will send data wirelessly to the nearby PC. To test the device, iron specimen was prepared, PZT actuator and PZT sensor was mounted on it. The artificial crack was then induced on the specimen. The ultrasonic wave was then collected from the structure. By analyzing the ultrasonic wave, the device successfully detected the induced crack in the structure. The future work will be to use GSM modem so that the device can be monitored in the real time from the remote location.
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Ananto Pamungkas, Bimo, Adian Fatchur Rochim, and Eko Didik Widianto. "Perancangan Jaringan Sensor Terdistribusi untuk Pengaturan Suhu, Kelembaban dan Intensitas Cahaya." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 1, no. 2 (April 9, 2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.1.2.2013.42-48.
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This paper contains distributed sensor system design for temperature, air humidity, and light intensity monitoring in greenhouse based Arduino Uno board. System contains 2 sensor-actuator nodes, and 1 controller node connected to Ethernet network through Ethernet Shield board. Sensor-actuator node with DHT 11 sensor works for taking environment informations such as temperature, air humidity, and light intensity, runs actuation in the form of emulating LED lights; and communicates with controller node which will process data using serial wire as a communication tool between nodes. Monitoring datas and user control interface is provided by controller node which can be accessed online in web browser. The system ability for monitoring environment in greenhouse and online access of environmental data generates controllable and automatic monitoring and management of plants.
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Miya Hassan, Sabo, Kishore Bingi, Rosdiazli Ibrahim, Lim Jin Chein, and ThasarathaRao Supramaniam. "Implementation of flow control over WirelessHART sensor network using WirelessHART adaptors." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp910-919.
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<p>Despite the advantages of the industrial wireless standards such as WirelessHART, ISA100.11a and Wireless Networks for Industrial Automation-Process Automation (WIA-PA), their application still faces a lot of challenges especially when it comes to interfacing with the real plant. This is due to lack of adequate infrastructures such as interfacing circuitry to establish communication between the WirelessHART nodes and the actuators and sensors. Therefore, this paper presents the application of locally developed WirelessHART adaptors for flow process control. The adaptors serve as an interface between the WirelessHART network and the sensor and actuator of the plant. Experimental results of the controllers compared showed that wireless control is possible through the use of the adaptors.</p>
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Wang, Jiang, Bin Xu, Hongbing Chen, Hanbin Ge, and Tianmin Zhou. "Multi-Physics Mesoscale Substructure Analysis on Stress Wave Measurement within CFST-PZT Coupling Models for Interface Debonding Detection." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031039.
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In recent years, the development of interface debonding defect detection methods for concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs) using stress wave measurement with piezoelectric-lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) actuator and sensor has received significant attention. Because the concrete core in CFSTs is a heterogeneous material with randomness at the mesoscale, the size, position and distribution of aggregates unavoidably affect the stress wave propagation and the PZT sensor response. In this study, to efficiently investigate the influence of the mesoscale structure of the concrete core of CFSTs on the response of embedded PZT sensors, a multi-physics substructure model of CFST members coupled with a PZT actuator and a PZT sensor, where a single circular aggregate with different size and position and randomly distributed circular aggregates are considered, are established first. Then, multi-physics simulations on the effect of the local mesoscale structure of the concrete core on the response of the embedded PZT sensor excited by both a sinusoidal signal and sweep frequency signal are carried out. Moreover, corresponding multi-physics and mesoscale simulations on the embedded PZT sensor response of substructures with different interface debonding defects are also carried out for comparison. The amplitude and the wavelet packet energy of the embedded PZT sensor response of each mesoscale substructure are employed to distinguish the influence of the concrete core mesoscale structure and interface debonding defect on sensor measurement. The findings from the results with the multi-physics coupling substructure models are compared with those of the full CFST-PZT coupling models and the tested members of the previous studies to verify the rationality of the embedded PZT sensors measurement of the established substructure models. Results from this study show that the effect of interface debonding defect on the amplitude and the wavelet packet energy of the embedded PZT sensor measurement of the CFST members is dominant compared with the mesoscale heterogeneity and randomness of the concrete core.
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Xu, Bin, Lele Luan, Hongbing Chen, Jiang Wang, and Wenting Zheng. "Experimental Study on Active Interface Debonding Detection for Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes with Surface Wave Measurement." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 3248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153248.
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Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) members have been widely employed as major structural members carrying axial or vertical loads and the interface bond condition between steel tube and concrete core plays key roles in ensuring the confinement effect of steel tube on concrete core. An effective interface debonding defect detection approach for CFSTs is critical. In this paper, an active interface debonding detection approach using surface wave measurement with a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patch as sensor mounted on the outer surface of the CFST member excited with a PZT actuator mounted on the identical surface is proposed in order to avoid embedding PZT-based smart aggregates (SAs) in concrete core. In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach and to investigate the effect of interface debonding defect on the surface wave measurement, two rectangular CFST specimens with different degrees of interface debonding defects on three internal surfaces are designed and experimentally studied. Surface stress waves excited by the PZT actuator and propagating along the steel tube of the specimens are measured by the PZT sensors with a pitch and catch pattern. Results show that the surface-mounted PZT sensor measurement is sensitive to the existence of interface debonding defect and the interface debonding defect leads to the increase in the voltage amplitude of surface wave measurement. A damage index defined with the surface wave measurement has a linear relationship with the heights of the interface debonding defects.
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Deliparaschos, Kyriakos, Konstantinos Michail, and Argyrios Zolotas. "Facilitating Autonomous Systems with AI-Based Fault Tolerance and Computational Resource Economy." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050788.
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Proposed is the facilitation of fault-tolerant capability in autonomous systems with particular consideration of low computational complexity and system interface devices (sensor/actuator) performance. Traditionally model-based fault-tolerant/detection units for multiple sensor faults in automation require a bank of estimators, normally Kalman-based ones. An AI-based control framework enabling low computational power fault tolerance is presented. Contrary to the bank-of-estimators approach, the proposed framework exhibits a single unit for multiple actuator/sensor fault detection. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is shown via rigorous analysis for several sensor fault scenarios for an electro-magnetic suspension testbed.
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Barton, J., G. Hynes, B. O’Flynn, K. Aherne, A. Norman, and A. Morrissey. "25mm sensor–actuator layer: A miniature, highly adaptable interface layer." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 132, no. 1 (November 2006): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2006.04.004.
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Luu, Hoang-Minh, and Young-San Park. "Configuration of Actuator and Sensor Interface Bus Network using PLC." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety 20, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2014.20.3.318.
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Kapsalyamov, Akim, Shahid Hussain, Askhat Sharipov, and Prashant Jamwal. "Brain–computer interface and assist-as-needed model for upper limb robotic arm." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 2019): 168781401987553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019875537.
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Post-stroke paralysis, whereby subjects loose voluntary control over muscle actuation, is one of the main causes of disability. Repetitive physical therapy can reinstate lost motions and strengths through neuroplasticity. However, manually delivered therapies are becoming ineffective due to scarcity of therapists, subjectivity in the treatment, and lack of patient motivation. Robot-assisted physical therapy is being researched these days to impart an evidence-based systematic treatment. Recently, intelligent controllers and brain–computer interface are proposed for rehabilitation robots to encourage patient participation which is the key to quick recovery. In the present work, a brain–computer interface and assist-as-needed training paradigm have been proposed for an upper limb rehabilitation robot. The brain–computer interface system is implemented with the use of electroencephalography sensor; moreover, backdrivability in the actuator has been achieved with the use of assist-as-needed control approach, which allows subjects to move the robot actively using their limited motions and strengths. The robot only assists for the remaining course of trajectory which subjects are unable to perform themselves. The robot intervention point is obtained from the patient’s intent which is captured through brain–computer interface. Problems encountered during the practical implementation of brain–computer interface and achievement of backdrivability in the actuator have been discussed and resolved.
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Lee, Seong-gyu, and Bo-hyun Cho. "Design of Scalable Sensor and Actuator Interface Module for Smart Farm." International Journal of Smart Home 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsh.2018.12.4.01.
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Zhou, Mo Yuan, Guan Yang Liu, and Ke Ke Lu. "A Novel 2 DOF Haptic Device for Gunnery Training." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.241.
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Graphic interface and auditory interface has been introduced in Tank training system applied in the army before. A novel 2 Degree of freedom haptic device was designed to improve the gunnery training effect. This paper presents the design of a spherical 2 DOF device that can be used as gunnery station. The design procedure includes the requirement analysis, the selection of the actuator, sensor and transmission, and structure design.
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Orand, Abbas, Y. Tomita, Sayaka Okamoto, and Shigeru Sonoda. "On the Design and Development of a Zigbee-Based Multimodal Input-Output Monitoring-Actuating System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i5.pp1143-1152.
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The monitoring of a physically challenged patient’s activities is a crucial and difficult task for the medical professionals. The design and development of a multimodal- input and output wireless system with two sensors and three actuators that can be used for just monitoring or for both monitoring and stimulating are discussed in this research. Touch and tilt sensors at the input part of the system attached to Zigbee modules communicate in a wireless manner with voice, vibration and light actuators connected to Zigbee modules at the output part. The hardware and the software parts are designed and integrated in such a way that a new sensor at the input or a new actuator at the output can be included or excluded based on the needs of the patient. It is shown how to design and develop sensors. In an application programming interface communication mode, 3 XBee series 1 modules send and receive data in a wireless manner. The prototype of the system was tested with promising results in the case of the patients with inattention disorder. This system can be used for monitoring the activities of a patient and also for actuating certain stimulus in the patient side in case of necessity.
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Volden, T., J. Goldowsky, N. Schmid, and V. Revol. "Portable Systems for Metered Dispensing of Aggressive Liquids." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318775316.
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Precise metering in liquid dispensing applications often requires application-specific solutions due to incompatibilities of the sensor and actuator components with the dispensed liquids. Some reoccurring challenges are aggressive liquids that would damage the sensors or tubing, the need for sterile liquids while the pumps or sensors cannot be sterilized, or media that can clog the sensor channels. Two different dispensing systems are here presented where the dispensing flow rate or volume is indirectly measured through a coupled pressure change or airflow, thus avoiding contact between the sensor and liquid. The controlled pressure-driven dispensing (cPDD) system builds an overpressure in the liquid reservoir by pumping air and controls the opening of the liquid output valve based on the internal pressure development. The FlowCap system uses a liquid pump on the outlet, controlled by the measured inflow of air to the reservoir. Both systems are designed for compactness and portability and offer independent operation, as well as control and communication, over a wireless interface.
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Saptono, Marcell Petrus, and Yusverison Andika. "IoTTECH : TECHNOLOGY INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) UNTUK PENGATURAN OTOMATIS KELEMBABAN & TEMPERATUR RUANGAN BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS)." Electro Luceat 6, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32531/jelekn.v6i2.284.
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Hasil dari alat IoTTech Internet of Things (IoT) budidaya Jamur Tiram mengontrol temperatur dan kelembaban ruangan rumah budidaya Jamur Tiram. Teknologi IOTTECH ini memiliki input sensor DHT11 untuk diproses ke Arduino mega dan ethernet shield sedangkan output alat ini adalah smartphone android, actuator, control kelembaban dan temperatur menggunakan aplikasi Blynk. Proses awal dengan sensor DHT11 mengirimkan data ke mikrokontroller untuk proses menampilkan nilai output humadity, LDR dan temperature, output ditampilkan pada smartphone android sebagai interface pemantauan dengan aplikasi Blynk sebagai monitoring dari jauh. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototype untuk output humadity, LDR dan temperature udara pada rumah jamur dengan menggunakan Internet of Thing (IoT) menggunakan blynk. Pengaturan output humadity, LDR dan temperature memafaatkan IoT melalui blynk, lebih efesien baik dari waktu dan biaya. Actuator akan hidup otomatas sesuai dengan humadity, LDR dan temperature yang sudah diatur.
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Hornig, Andreas, Anja Winkler, Eric Bauerfeind, Maik Gude, and Niels Modler. "Delamination Behaviour of Embedded Polymeric Sensor and Actuator Carrier Layers in Epoxy Based CFRP Laminates—A Study of Energy Release Rates." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 3926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223926.
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Fiber reinforced composites combine low density with high specific mechanical properties and thus became indispensable for today’s lightweight applications. In particular, carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) is broadly used for aerospace components. However, damage and failure behaviour, especially for complex fibre reinforcement set-ups and under impact loading conditions, are still not fully understood yet. Therefore, relatively large margins of safety are currently used for designing high-performance materials and structures. Technologies to functionalise the materials enabling the monitoring of the structures and thus avoiding critical conditions are considered to be key to overcoming these drawbacks. For this, sensors and actuators are bonded to the surface of the composite structures or are integrated into the composite lay-up. In case of integration, the impact on the mechanical properties of the composite materials needs to be understood in detail. Additional elements may disturb the composite structure, impeding the direct connection of the composite layers and implying the risk of reducing the interlaminar integrity by means of a lower delamination resistance. In the presented study, the possibility of adjusting the interface between the integrated actuator and sensor layers to the composite layers is investigated. Different polymer layer combinations integrated into carbon fibre reinforced composite layups are compared with respect to their interlaminar critical energy release rates GIc and GIIc. A standard aerospace unidirectionally reinforced (UD) CFRP prepreg material was used as reference material configuration. The investigations show that it is possible to enhance the mechanical properties, especially the interlaminar energy release rate by using multilayered sensor–actuator layers with Polyimide (PI) outer layers and layers with low shear stiffness in between.
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Harjo, Madis, Tarmo Tamm, Gholamreza Anbarjafari, and Rudolf Kiefer. "Hardware and Software Development for Isotonic Strain and Isometric Stress Measurements of Linear Ionic Actuators." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2019): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061054.
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An inseparable part of ionic actuator characterization is a set of adequate measurement devices. Due to significant limitations of available commercial systems, in-house setups are often employed. The main objective of this work was to develop a software solution for running isotonic and isometric experiments on a hardware setup consisting of a potentiostat, a linear displacement actuator, a force sensor, and a voltmeter for measuring the force signal. A set of functions, hardware drivers, and measurement automation algorithms were developed in the National Instruments LabVIEW 2015 system. The result is a software called isotonic (displacement) and isometric (force) electro-chemo-measurement software (IIECMS), that enables the user to control isotonic and isometric experiments over a single compact graphical user interface. The linear ionic actuators chosen as sample systems included different materials with different force and displacement characteristics, namely free-standing polypyrrole films doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonate (PPy/DBS) and multiwall carbon nanotube/carbide-derived carbon (MWCNT-CDC) fibers. The developed software was thoroughly tested with numerous test samples of linear ionic actuators, meaning over 200 h of experimenting time where over 90% of the time the software handled the experiment process autonomously. The uncertainty of isotonic measurements was estimated to be 0.6 µm (0.06%). With the integrated correction algorithms, samples with as low as 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be adequately described.
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Chen, Jian, Peng Li, Gangbing Song, Yu Tan, Yongjun Zheng, and Yu Han. "Systematic Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Piezo-Based Sensing." Journal of Sensors 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9315364.
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A low-power wireless sensor/actuator network was specially developed and optimized for piezoceramic transducer-based active sensing applications. Wireless sensor network promises increased system flexibility, lower system cost, and increased robustness through decentralization. Piezoceramic signal conditioning circuit, actuating circuit, power management, and wireless microcontroller were integrated in the hardware design. IEEE 802.15.4 wireless stack protocol was implemented on the hardware, and user input/output management together with a shell provided easier debugging and configuring interface. The designed system provides a low-power wireless solution towards many applications such as wireless structural health monitoring and wireless structural vibration control.
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Dulău, Mircea. "Experiments on Temperature Control Using On-Off Algorithm Combined with PID Algorithm." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Technologica 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amset-2019-0001.
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Abstract The paper presents an automated system for the temperature control using a PIC microcontroller, a digital temperature sensor with I2C and a MOSFET as actuator. The control strategy is a proportional-integrative one, preceded by an on-off algorithm. The most important data is presented on a graphical interface. In order to send the parameters of the process and the command states to the computer, the serial communication is used.
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Lee, Jong Seo, Su Hyeon Kim, Sun Woong Jang, Jun Yeong Moon, and Doug Young Suh. "Metaverse Interface with Haptic and Rigid Sense Feedback at a Low Cost." Academic Society for Appropriate Technology 8, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37675/jat.2022.00171.
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In the metaverse era, anyone should be able to easily access the metaverse for non-discrimination. This study proposes a prototype of a metaverse interface that can be implemented at a low price. It shows reasonable performance. It includes the following 4 modules. 1. Haptic feedback: Piezo sensors have been used for tactile information of various textures, which is transported as an audio data format, and reconstructed at the fingertips by an actuator (LRA motor) attached to a glove. 2. Force feedback: The module was designed to control the servomotor through 3D modeling. It provides force feedback by controlling the servo motor to grab the hand as much as the thickness of the object on Unity, the game engine. 3. Controller: Reproduce finger movement in Unity by measuring resistance change according to finger bending using a Flex sensor. Implement Yawing/Pitching/Rolling movement in Unity through MPU-6050(IMU) sensor. 4. Pose estimation: The user's current movement captured by the webcam is used for pose estimation through the Mediapipe library. It is integrated with the hand posture received serially from the controller to render the user posture inside the Unity game. The developed interface can be applied to life logging service and mirror world service, which are one of the most important applications in the metaverse.
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Martin, Visnovsky, Rakay Robert, Galajdova Alena, and Simsik Dusan. "PROPOSAL OF THE MODULE FOR EXPERIMENTAL WORKPLACE BASED ON PLATFORM INDUSTRY 4.0." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4 (14) (2018): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-4(14)-201-209.
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Urgency of the research. New modern trends in the cable industrial communication and exchange of data focus on implementation of new communication standards, protocols and reduced costs. Communication in every automation systems is crucial. Functions of these systems is very important for the correct function of automation system. Target setting. For designing sensor and actuator systems for automation and solving connection between different devices, developers solved this problem with standardized communication like technology IO-Link. This communication technology together with industrial bus create solution for modern communication with quantity of benefits like quick design and diagnostic, unified interface, cost and work reduction. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. To prepare this paper, we analyzed different solutions for communication between sensors and actuators, different control systems and mechanical solutions. We used knowledge from our previous experiments and choose optimal components and systems for our project. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There are many different types of sensors, actuators, communication interfaces and industrial busses. This paper is insufficient to describe them all. That’s why we’ve only described those, which will be used. The research objective. This article describe the design of a machining module for the FESTO FMS 500 Modular Laboratory System. This module will be physically implemented as part of the revitalization and modernization of the FMS 500 laboratory system at the Department of Automation, Control and Human-Machine Interactions. The statement of basic materials. We follow the trends in industrial automation and the requirements of the 4th Industrial Revolution. This is reason why we use IO-Link technology in combination with Profinet bus for communication with sensors and actuators. Conclusions. The main objective of this article is to approach the design of the Machining Module with Industry 4.0 elements for the Modular Production System FMS 500. This design describe the individual components which will be used. The functions and purpose of the module are also describe, as well as its functional capabilities in terms of diagnostics.
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Ayers, Joseph, Anthony Westphal, and Daniel Blustein. "A Conserved Neural Circuit-Based Architecture for Ambulatory and Undulatory Biomimetic Robots." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.4.17.
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AbstractThe adaptive capabilities of underwater organisms result from layered exteroceptive reflexes responding to gravity, impediment, and hydrodynamic and optical flow. In combination with taxic responses to point sources of sound or chemicals, these reflexes allow reactive autonomy in the most challenging of environments. We are developing a new generation of lobster and lamprey-based robots that operate under control by synaptic networks rather than algorithms. The networks, based on the command neuron, coordinating neuron, and central pattern generator architecture, code sensor input as labeled lines and activate shape memory alloy-based artificial muscles through a simple interface that couples excitation to contraction. We have completed the lamprey-based robot and are adapting this sensor, board, and actuator architecture to a new generation of the lobster-based robot. The networks are constructed from discrete time map-based neurons and synapses and are instantiated on the digital signal processing chip. A sensor board integrates inputs from a short baseline sonar array (for beacon tracking and supervisory control), accelerometer, a compass, antennae, and optionally chemosensors. Actuator control is mediated by pulse-width duty cycle coding generated by the electronic motor neurons and a comparator and power field-effect transistor (FET) system housed on low- and high-current driver boards. These circular boards are stacked in a tubular hull with the processor and batteries. This system can readily mimic the biomechanics of the model organisms by the addition of hydrodynamic control surfaces. The behavioral set results from chaining sequences of exteroceptive reflexes released by sensory feedback from the environment.
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Hao, Baoming, and Yu Zhang. "Design of intelligent wireless monitoring platform." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224701022.
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Taking STC89C52 single chip microcomputer as the controller, the communication carrier adopts low-power Bluetooth 4.0, LCD12864 display screen as the human-computer interaction interface, open-loop stepping motor and closed-loop steering gear as the action actuator, reflective infrared sensor and reflective photoelectric sensor as the detection sensing system, integrating electronics, machinery This set of intelligent wireless monitoring platform developed by *software and other aspects realizes three functions: wireless remote control monitoring, automatic panoramic detection and automatic intrusion alarm. The design has strong practicability. The whole system has the characteristics of low cost and low power consumption. It can play an important role in the field of security.
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DZIUBIŃSKI, Mieczysław, Stanisław WALUSIAK, and Wiktor PIETRZYK. "Computerized diagnostic for the fuel injection control system." Combustion Engines 132, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117280.
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The purpose of the study is to carry out the experimental tests for the propulsion unit of the selected passenger car i.e. Skoda Felicia 1.3 MPI provided with Simos 2P system (manufactured by Siemens). The tests were carried out by means of an appropriate measuring equipment, among others AOC1K oscilloscope (digital recorder integrated with PC by means of RS232 interface) and a personal computer. The measurements of signals on the contacts of the electronic control device encompass the measuring procedures for individual signals, in accordance with the contact symbols: the camshaft position sensor, the engine speed sensor, the lambda probe, the pressure sensor, the throttle position sensor, the idle speed control actuator, the knock sensor. In some cases it is impossible to confirm the standard codes by the execution of diagnostic tests of the modern control system of ZI combustion engine, using the Simos 2P system.
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BALAMURUGAN, V., B. MANIKANDAN, and S. NARAYANAN. "A HIGHER ORDER FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF PIEZOLAMINATED SMART COMPOSITE PLATES AND ITS APPLICATION TO ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL." International Journal of Computational Methods 04, no. 01 (March 2007): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876207001114.
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This paper presents a higher order — field consistent — piezolaminated 8-noded plate finite element with 36 elastic degrees-of-freedom per element and two electric degrees-of-freedom per element, one each for the piezoelectric sensor and actuator. The higher order plate theory used satisfies the stress and displacement continuity at the interface of the composite laminates and has zero shear stress on the top and bottom surfaces. The transverse shear deformation is of a higher order represented by the trigonometric functions allowing us to avoid the shear correction factors. In order to maintain the field consistency, the inplane displacements, u and v are interpolated using linear shape functions, the transverse displacement w is interpolated using hermite cubic interpolation function, while rotations θx and θy are interpolated using quadratic interpolation function. The element is developed to include stiffness and the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric sensor/actuator layers. The active vibration control performance of the piezolaminated smart composite plates has been studied by modeling them with the above element and applying various control strategies.
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Hendri, Hendri, and Sally Cahyati. "Usulan penerapan Industri 4.0 untuk rantai pasok dan logistik cerdas di perusahaan injection moulding." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 13, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2021.v13.i2.021.
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Currently, the industrial era 4.0 coincides with the covid 19 virus which is an opportunity and a challenge to choose the right business strategy. Based on the results of the evaluation of previous studies and the analysis in this study, it is known that currently there are no sensors installed on the tools used for material transfer, communication between machines and machines (M2M) currently there is no data generated so no data is communicated, the interface between humans and machines (HMI) currently uses a local user interface through the Pro-St application and the interface on the fanuc machine, the current transportation system is moving materials to production machines, a manual transportation system, namely hand lifts, materials that have been packaged and will be stored in the warehouse using a forklift (machine for manual transportation), while the unit product movement from the fanuc machine already uses a conveyor, the transportation unit as an information carrier currently has a mechanism for individual identification of materials but the status of the material is not identified in the IT system, the current storage system for placing materials is still done intuitively and the identification process for storage locations is still listed manually on the blackboard. In order for the intralogistics system to implement intelligent supply chain and logistics based on industry 4.0, it is proposed to install sensors on the device to identify material movement and the sensor and actuator interaction data can be analyzed, network connections between devices for M2M communication, use of mobile user interfaces to monitor intralogistics processes and status. identified material in the IT system.
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Scheible, G., Dacfey Dzung, J. Endresen, and J. E. Frey. "Unplugged but connected [Design and implementation of a truly wireless real-time sensor/actuator interface]." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 1, no. 2 (2007): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2007.901481.
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Saviz, Mohammadreza. "Effects of piezoelectric rings on electro-elasto-dynamic behaviour of functionally graded cylindrical shell." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16651154.
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A layer-wise finite element approach is adopted to analyse the hollow cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material with piezoelectric rings as sensor/actuator, under dynamic load. The mechanical properties of the substrate are regulated by volume fraction as a function of radial coordinate. The thickness of functionally graded material shell and piezo-rings is divided into mathematical sub-layers and then the general layer-wise laminate theory is formulated through introducing piecewise continuous approximations across the thickness, accounting for any discontinuity in derivatives of the displacement at the interface between the ring and cylinder. The virtual work statement including structural and electrical potential energies yields the three-dimensional governing equations which are reduced to two-dimensional differential equations, using layer-wise method. For axisymmetric case, the resulted equations are solved with one-dimensional finite element method in the axial direction. By assembling stiffness and mass matrices, the required stress and displacement continuities at each interface and between the two adjacent elements are forced. The results for free vibration and static loading are applied to study the convergence and verified by comparing them to solutions of similar existing problems. The induced deformation by piezoelectric actuators as well as the effect of rings on functionally graded material shell is investigated.
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Maulini, R., D. Sahlinal, and O. Arifin. "Monitoring of pH, Amonia (NH3) and Temperature Parameters Aquaponic Water in the 4.0 Revolution Era." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1012, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1012/1/012087.
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Abstract The quality of the water is very important in determining the aquaponics system, including the pH parameter such as the ideal acidity level in aquaponics. The water quality temperature parameter also plays a very important role in determining water quality, especially in the case of temperature changes that are influenced by air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation. A safe maximum level of ammonia (NH3) is required in a good aquaponics system. When making adjustments, the water quality is set manually without the use of a controller that is fed back to the actuator, that is, the manual change of the desired temperature, pH value and ammonia. Temperature changes are made by exposure to sunlight or heating, while ammonia is achieved by adding fish feed or adding new water. Whereas the pH treatment is done with vinegar (for a pH value that is too humid), bicarbonate is used for a pH value that is too acidic for the research object. Based on the aquaponic system literature parameter data for ammonia from less than 0.5 ppm to an ideal of 0 ppm, the pH value is in the ideal range of 6.5 - 8, while at the ideal temperature it is (21-28 ) ° C. In this study, the author develops a solution to monitor the state of water with pH, ammonia and temperature sensors based on the Internet of Things, the Arduino Uno uses as monitoring parameters, pH sensors are They use to detect the acid content of water, temperature sensors for temperature measurements, use the MQ135 gas sensor for ammonia. and ESP8266 as a WLAN interface to send data to Android without using actuators.
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Mulia, Sandy Bhawana, Nur Wisma Nugraha, and Ilham Rafif Mochamad. "RANCANG BANGUN SUPERVISI SISTEM PENCEGAH DAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN BERBASIS IOT." JTT (Jurnal Teknologi Terapan) 7, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31884/jtt.v7i2.339.
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Fire is a disaster that often occurs but can be prevented. Based on data from the Bandung City Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), in 2018 there were 198 fire incidents (16.5 events / month), and in a periode 2012 - 2017 fires caused by LPG gas had the second largest percentage at 17%. Therefore a fire extinguishing system that can detect and prevent it quickly and can be monitored remotely in real time will help minimize losses. This system design uses an LM35 sensor which can detect temperature, the KY-026 sensor can detect the presence of hotspots in any room, and the MQ-6 sensor can detect the levels of LPG gas in the room. Moreover, this system design is also able to drive 2 emergency doors, pumps and exhaust fans according to the specified algorithm. The system interface can provide actuator information on the prototype as well as the location of the fire plan with a delay of each data change of 6.67 seconds. And the system is able to provide an indicator of the evacuation route during a fire.
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Xu, Kai, Changchun Ren, Qingshan Deng, Qingping Jin, and Xuemin Chen. "Real-Time Monitoring of Bond Slip between GFRP Bar and Concrete Structure Using Piezoceramic Transducer-Enabled Active Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082653.
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Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their overall performance of light weight, low cost and corrosion resistance, and they are increasingly used as reinforcement in concrete structures. However, GFRP material has low elastic modulus and linear elastic properties compared with steel bars, which introduces different bonding characteristics between bars and concrete. Therefore, a reliable monitoring method is urgently needed to detect the bond slip in GFRP-reinforced concrete structures. In this paper, a piezoceramic-based active sensing approach is proposed and developed to find the debonding between a GFRP bar and the concrete structure. In the proposed method, we utilize PZT (lead zirconate titanate) as two transducers. One acts as an actuator which is buried in the concrete structure, and the other acts as a sensor which is attached to the GFRP bar by taking advantage of machinability of the GRRP material. Both transducers are strategically placed to face each other across from the interface between the GFRP bar and the concrete. The actuator provokes a stress wave that travels through the interface. Meanwhile, the PZT patch that is attached to the GFRP bar is used to detect the propagating stress wave. The bonding condition determines how difficult it is for the stress wave traveling through the interface. The occurrence of a bond slip leads to cracks between the bar and the concrete, which dramatically reduces the energy carried by the stress wave through the interface. In this research, two specimens equipped with the PZT transducers are fabricated, and pull-out tests are conducted. To analyze the active sensing data, we use wavelet packet analysis to compute the energy transferred to the sensing PZT patch throughout the process of debonding. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can accurately capture the bond slip between the GFRP bar and the concrete.
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Wang, Jiang, Bin Xu, Qian Liu, Ruiqi Guan, and Xiaoguang Ma. "Feasibility of Stress Wave-Based Debond Defect Detection for RCFSTs Considering the Influence of Randomly Distributed Circular Aggregates with Mesoscale Homogenization Methodology." Materials 16, no. 8 (April 15, 2023): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16083120.
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In order to efficiently investigate the effect of the mesoscale heterogeneity of a concrete core and the randomness of circular coarse aggregate distribution on the stress wave propagation procedure and the response of PZT sensors in traditional coupling mesoscale finite element models (CMFEMs), firstly, a mesoscale homogenization approach is introduced to establish coupling homogenization finite element models (CHFEMs) with circular coarse aggregates. CHFEMs of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (RCFST) members include a surface-mounted piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuator, PZT sensors at different measurement distances, a concrete core with mesoscale homogeneity. Secondly, the computation efficiency and accuracy of the proposed CHFEMs and the size effect of representative area elements (RAEs) on the stress wave field simulation results are investigated. The stress wave field simulation results indicate that the size of an RAE limitedly affects the stress wave fields. Thirdly, the responses of PZT sensors at different measurement distances of the CHFEMs under both sinusoidal and modulated signals are studied and compared with those of the corresponding CMFEMs. Finally, the effect of the mesoscale heterogeneity of a concrete core and the randomness of circular coarse aggregate distribution on the responses of PZT sensors in the time domain of the CHFEMs with and without debond defects is further investigated. The results show that the mesoscale heterogeneity of a concrete core and randomness of circular coarse aggregate distribution only have a certain influence on the response of PZT sensors that are close to the PZT actuator. Instead, the interface debond defects dominantly affect the response of each PZT sensor regardless of the measurement distance. This finding supports the feasibility of stress wave-based debond detection for RCFSTs where the concrete core is a heterogeneous material.
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Choi, Mijin, Manish Man Shrestha, Jung-Ryul Lee, and Chan-Yik Park. "Development of a laser-powered wireless ultrasonic device for aircraft structural health monitoring." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (January 13, 2017): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921716686963.
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In recent years, wireless sensor networks have emerged as a reliable method for structural health monitoring. The powering methods for these wireless sensors have become an important factor. In several applications, wireless sensors must be operated in locations that are difficult or even impossible to access, and these systems often have a desired operational life span that exceeds conventional batteries lifetime. Replacing the batteries is labor intensive and time consuming. It is very difficult or even impossible to replace batteries of embedded sensors in concrete or composite structures. Therefore, novel powering methods such as energy harvesting or wireless power transmission are necessary to guarantee long life spans for wireless sensors. This article presents a laser-powered wireless ultrasonic device, which is a wireless active sensor with wireless laser power transmission that provides long-lasting structural health monitoring. The laser beam is captured by a GaInP photovoltaic cell. The cell has a high spectral responsivity for the 532-nm laser beam. A supercapacitor is used to store and supply power to the device. Furthermore, to solve the line-of-sight issue, a smart component called the fiber optic bolt is also developed using a large-core hard polymer-clad fiber. The wireless ultrasonic device includes the actuator and the sensor interface to evaluate the structural damages. To demonstrate the feasibility of the device, we carried out the basic Lamb wave pitch-catch test to detect the structural damage (such as cracks and artificial corrosion) in an aircraft lug (which is an example of an inaccessible aircraft structure). Our investigations show that the results of the proposed wireless sensing system are in accordance with those of the wired system. This indicates the feasibility for implementing the proposed system for wireless structural health monitoring.
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Yao, N., M. Trau, N. Nakagawa, and I. A. Aksay. "Self-Assembled and Micro-Patterned Mesoscopic Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023771.
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Recently we have reported that the silica mesoscopic thin films can be formed at water/solid interface at room temperature. These self-assembled thin films are comprised of hexagonally packed nanotubules ((∼ 5 nm in diameter), with a percolating one-dimensional channel network that extends from one side of the film to the other. The solid substrate can affect strongly the overall alignment of assembly of surfactant micelle array. These films hold much promise for applications such as their use as orientated nanowires, sensor/actuator arrays and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report further electron microscopy studies of free standing thin film formed at air/water interface and patterned silica mesoscopic thin film formed with the guidance of micro-molding and electric field.We employ tetraethoxy silane (TEOS), dissolved in acidic solution, as a silicate source and cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) as the templating surfactant. Typical molar ratios are 1 TEOS : 1.2 CTAC : 9.2 HC1 : 1000 H2O.
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Ehelagastenna, Malindu, Ishan Sumanasekara, Hishan Wickramasinghe, Indrajith D. Nissanka, and Gayani K. Nandasiri. "Towards the Development of an Alternating Pressure Overlay for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers Using Miniaturised Air Cells." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08522.
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This paper presents a study on design and development of an alternating pressure overlay consists of inflatable mini air bladders, which could be used in relieving and reducing tissue pressure for the treatment of pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers, which are predominant in the bony prominences of the body, is a skin deformity due to the limitation of blood circulation to the muscle tissues as a result of high pressures applied on the skin for longer duration. This research aims to design miniaturised air bladders which could provide alternating pressure sequences for the treatment of the pressure ulcers. The optimally designed air bladders provide proper envelopment of the patient’s body and create a high resolution of pressure distribution. The optimum geometry and the 3-D deformation profile of the air bladders are analysed using the finite element method. Based on the interface pressure the pressure overlay has been divided into five pressure zones. Furthermore, the real-time interface pressure profile between the body and the overlay is mapped by using the back pressure of mini air bladders. The actuator system includes an integrated control unit that regulates the internal pressures via electropneumatic valves operated based on the back pressure sensor feedback. This actuator system provides the alternating pressure patterns required for inflation and deflation of the mini air bladders controlling the airflow of the support surface, providing proper pressure distributions to heal the ulcers.
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Yu, Hong, Alex Pyankov, and Marcus Perla. "A Developed Sensor for Color Identification, Sorting and Counting Automation Control System." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.2.2363.
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Knowing how to manipulate the data from environment to automation control systems in industry can innovate and improve a quality of the products effectively. In plastic manufacturing, there is a need of automated control system that can recognize color and sort, count and sequentially control processing since the certain quantity of color billets mix into a batch in order to produce desired colorful products. In this paper, a color recognition sensor based on the principle of LEDs energy harvest corresponding actuator has been designed. The derivational voltage due to red, green and blue color shift in color recognition, sorting and counting automation control system is measured as a signal input of the controller that works with the reflected light properties such as the reflective harmonic energy. Sequentially, the automation control system with human machine interface (HMI) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) will monitor the quantity of diversity color products in intuitive and remote supervisory, customization or adjustments in automation processing. Furthermore, the designed device will integrate into artificial intelligent (AI) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
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Yu, Hong, Alex Pyankov, and Marcus Perla. "A Developed Sensor for Color Identification, Sorting and Counting Automation Control System." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.2.2363.
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Knowing how to manipulate the data from environment to automation control systems in industry can innovate and improve a quality of the products effectively. In plastic manufacturing, there is a need of automated control system that can recognize color and sort, count and sequentially control processing since the certain quantity of color billets mix into a batch in order to produce desired colorful products. In this paper, a color recognition sensor based on the principle of LEDs energy harvest corresponding actuator has been designed. The derivational voltage due to red, green and blue color shift in color recognition, sorting and counting automation control system is measured as a signal input of the controller that works with the reflected light properties such as the reflective harmonic energy. Sequentially, the automation control system with human machine interface (HMI) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) will monitor the quantity of diversity color products in intuitive and remote supervisory, customization or adjustments in automation processing. Furthermore, the designed device will integrate into artificial intelligent (AI) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
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Ali, H., M. I. Zainur, M. Elshaikh, and AH Mohd Aman. "Development of Vision Based Smart Gripper for Material Handling Using Internet of Things." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012040.
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Abstract Robotic grippers have becoming an emerging trend due to their boundless applications in industrial automation. Nowadays, the deployment of vision based smart gripper for material handling in industrial applications remains challenging and ongoing research. As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more commercialized, the various concept of IoT have been integrated with the gripper due to efficient usage. Therefore, this project proposes the development of vision-based sensor of smart gripper for material handling in industrial applications that integrates with the IoT. The rationale of integrating IoT to vision based smart gripper is that it allows authenticated users to log in from any device, anywhere, and view video or images from vision based smart gripper in real-time for critical material handling. This system incorporates a vision sensor camera that acts as an “eye” to automatically detect and recognize the object with different weights and shapes and send the information to the robot for the next task. This smart gripper adopts a force sensor mounted into the fingertip to control the force applied when working with a wide range of objects with different weights. As for the electronic system, power module, communication and control module, sensor and actuator as well as user interface module have been adopted and integrated into the system. In the software development system, user interface configuration was developed through mobile application in which it communicates with Raspberry Pi B+ camera to serve as IoT platform. A series of experiments shows that the vision based gripper using IoT able to detect and recognize the objects and then send the information/command directly to the robot to execute grasping and lifting phase of the object to the desired location that has been assigned.
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Dipsis, Nikos, and Kostas Stathis. "A RESTful middleware for AI controlled sensors, actuators and smart devices." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 11, no. 7 (September 12, 2019): 2963–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01439-3.
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Abstract The numerous applications of internet of things (IoT) and sensor networks combined with specialized devices used in each has led to a proliferation of domain specific middleware, which in turn creates interoperability issues between the corresponding architectures and the technologies used. But what if we wanted to use a machine learning algorithm to an IoT application so that it adapts intelligently to changes of the environment, or enable a software agent to enrich with artificial intelligence (AI) a smart home consisting of multiple and possibly incompatible technologies? In this work we answer these questions by studying a framework that explores how to simplify the incorporation of AI capabilities to existing sensor-actuator networks or IoT infrastructures making the services offered in such settings smarter. Towards this goal we present eVATAR+, a middleware that implements the interactions within the context of such integrations systematically and transparently from the developers’ perspective. It also provides a simple and easy to use interface for developers to use. eVATAR+ uses JAVA server technologies enhanced by mediator functionality providing interoperability, maintainability and heterogeneity support. We exemplify eVATAR+ with a concrete case study and we evaluate the relative merits of our approach by comparing our work with the current state of the art.
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Golub, Mikhail V., Alisa N. Shpak, Inka Mueller, Sergey I. Fomenko, and Claus-Peter Fritzen. "Lamb Wave Scattering Analysis for Interface Damage Detection between a Surface-Mounted Block and Elastic Plate." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030860.
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Since stringers are often applied in engineering constructions to improve thin-walled structures’ strength, methods for damage detection at the joints between the stringer and the thin-walled structure are necessary. A 2D mathematical model was employed to simulate Lamb wave excitation and sensing via rectangular piezoelectric-wafer active transducers mounted on the surface of an elastic plate with rectangular surface-bonded obstacles (stiffeners) with interface defects. The results of a 2D simulation using the finite element method and the semi-analytical hybrid approach were validated experimentally using laser Doppler vibrometry for fully bonded and semi-debonded rectangular obstacles. A numerical analysis of fundamental Lamb wave scattering via rectangular stiffeners in different bonding states is presented. Two kinds of interfacial defects between the stiffener and the plate are considered: the partial degradation of the adhesive at the interface and an open crack. Damage indices calculated using the data obtained from a sensor are analyzed numerically. The choice of an input impulse function applied at the piezoelectric actuator is discussed from the perspective of the development of guided-wave-based structural health monitoring techniques for damage detection.
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Lei, Jing, Zhenghao Ge, Pengju Fan, Wang Zou, Tao Jiang, and Liang Dong. "Design and Manufacture of a Flexible Pneumatic Soft Gripper." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136306.
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The soft robot has many degrees of freedom, strong environmental adaptability, and good human–computer interaction ability. As the end-effector of the soft robot, the soft gripper can grasp objects of different shapes without destructivity. Based on the theoretical analysis of the soft robot, the kinematics model of the flexible gripper and the theoretical model of the bending deformation of the air cavity were established. Accordingly, the relationship between the bending angle of the soft gripper and the air pressure was determined. Through the application of finite element software, the bending degree of the pneumatic network multi-cavity soft gripper was simulated, and the influence of structural parameters of soft actuator on bending deformation was determined. In addition, the 3D technology conducts the printing of soft gripper fixtures and molds, the injection molds the actuator, and the human–computer interaction interface controls the movement of the gripper. This paper proposes the control and monitoring of the soft gripper are realized through the electrical control module, the air circuit control module, and the sensor group module, and the size of the airflow velocity can be controlled by PWM DC speed regulation. The adaptability of the soft gripper in grasping objects was verified. The results shows that the software gripper possesses good flexibility and can better grasp objects of different shapes.
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Rizzello, Gianluca. "A Review of Cooperative Actuator and Sensor Systems Based on Dielectric Elastomer Transducers." Actuators 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12020046.
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This paper presents an overview of cooperative actuator and sensor systems based on dielectric elastomer (DE) transducers. A DE consists of a flexible capacitor made of a thin layer of soft dielectric material (e.g., acrylic, silicone) surrounded with a compliant electrode, which is able to work as an actuator or as a sensor. Features such as large deformation, high compliance, flexibility, energy efficiency, lightweight, self-sensing, and low cost make DE technology particularly attractive for the realization of mechatronic systems that are capable of performance not achievable with alternative technologies. If several DEs are arranged in an array-like configuration, new concepts of cooperative actuator/sensor systems can be enabled, in which novel applications and features are made possible by the synergistic operations among nearby elements. The goal of this paper is to review recent advances in the area of cooperative DE systems technology. After summarizing the basic operating principle of DE transducers, several applications of cooperative DE actuators and sensors from the recent literature are discussed, ranging from haptic interfaces and bio-inspired robots to micro-scale devices and tactile sensors. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the future development of cooperative DE systems are discussed.
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Wang, Li, Hui Xue Song, Tan Chen, and Zhan Hui Wang. "A Design of DSPIC Based Microfluidic PCR Chip Temperature Controlling System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 108 (October 2011): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.108.206.
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In this paper a dsPIC microcontroller based temperature control system is developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip. PCR is one of the most important techniques in molecular biology and temperature control is the key technique of PCR. Yet, most of the works are based on PC, through an RS 232 interface to set and control the temperature. Here we design a temperature control system based on DSPIC Microcontroller. It can be much portable and cheaper than PC based systems. The system configuration mainly consists of a high precision, stable performance sensor PT1000, a signal amplification circuit, a PID algorithm. And then, we use MAX1978 to improve the accuracy of temperature control. After that we choose thermoelectric cooler (TEC) modules as actuator to improve system heating and cooling rate. It is believe that the portable PCR temperature control system will play an important role in the development of the Microfluidic PCR.
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Ali, H., L. Y. Hang, T. Y. Suan, V. R. Polaiah, M. I. F. Aluwi, A. A. Mohd Zabidi, and M. Elshaikh. "Development of surveillance drone based internet of things (IoT) for industrial security applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2107, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012018.
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Abstract Drones or mini-unmanned aerial vehicles, have becoming an emerging trends due to their boundless applications in surveillance, military and numerous public services. Nowadays, deployment of surveillance drone for monitoring or security application remains challenging and ongoing research. As Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more commercialized, various concept of IoT have been integrated with the drones due to efficient usage. Therefore, this paper proposed the development of surveillance drone system based on IoT for industrial monitoring-security applications. The rationale of integrating IoT with surveillance drone is that it allows authenticated users to login from any device, anywhere, and view video or images from surveillance drones in real-time for security awareness. In this work, the surveillance drone consists of mechanical system, electrical and electronic interfacing and IoT platform (mobile application system). In electronic system, power module, communication module, sensor and actuator as well as user interface module have been adopted and integrated into the systems. Besides, in software development system, user interface configuration was developed through mobile application to serve as IoT platform. A series of experiments shows that the surveillance drone based IoT able to operate with a promising flying distance with surveillance camera as the “eyes” of the drone system.
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Hrishikeshavan, Vikram, and Inderjit Chopra. "Refined lightweight inertial navigation system for micro air vehicle applications." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 9, no. 2 (June 2017): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829316682534.
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This paper discusses the design, hardware and software methodology, and testing of an ultralight inertial navigation system (Embedded Lightweight Kinematic Autopilot-Revised (ELKA-R)) that can be used as a controller in a wide range of micro air vehicle systems. ELKA-R was designed using the 32-bit low-power ARM Cortex-M4 microprocessor as the microcontroller unit. The microcontroller unit interfaced with state of the art 9 degrees-of-freedom inertial measurement unit using inter-integrated circuit communication (I2C) protocol. A wireless transceiver was also incorporated with serial peripheral interface to wirelessly coordinate pilot inputs and sensor information with a remote basestation. Multiple timer protocols were configured to generate individual driver signals to a wide variety of motor and actuator configurations. The printed circuit board was designed as a four layer layout. ELKA-R weighed 1.7 g with a board area of 4.82 cm2, thus making it one of the smallest and lightest kinematic autopilots in open literature that can be applied to any generic micro air vehicle system. ELKA-R was tested on a variety of micro air vehicle flight demonstrators. Hover stabilization rates of 1000 Hz were achieved which were comparable to the autopilots on larger quad rotor systems such as DJI Phantom and AR-Drone. Oscillations in attitude were reduced by up to 50%–70% when compared with a previous generation lightweight autopilot.
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R, Keerthana, Lavanya S, Negaa Vaidheesvari M, Saranya B, and Yashini M. "Smart Walker Instrumentation Using Hand Gestures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 3891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49316.
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Abstract: The passive walker devices currently in use may steer or brake spontaneously, requiring the user to urge them ahead. This project creates a smart walker system with sensors and actuators for enhanced support and assistance. Here, the user controls the walker with hand gestures. Better physical support, sensory support, cognitive support, health monitoring, and human-machine interface are the key benefits. The method incorporates gyroscopes that measure the angles of hand movements and start the smart walker moving in the user's chosen directions. The temperature sensor, EMG sensor and gyroscope are used, to measure the health factors such as temperature, muscle activity and leg position angles and hand angles. Arduino is used as a control unit. It is mostly applied for the use of senior persons and people with lower limb disabilities during the rehabilitation stage.
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Shintani, Momonosuke, Yuta Fukui, Kosuke Morioka, Kenji Ishihata, Satoshi Iwaki, Tetsushi Ikeda, and Tim C. Lüth. "Object Grasping Instructions to Support Robot by Laser Beam One Drag Operations." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 756–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0756.
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We propose a system in which users can intuitively instruct the robot gripper’s positions and attitudes simply by tracing the object’s grasp part surface with one stroke (one drag) of the laser beam. The proposed system makes use of the “real world clicker (RWC)” we have developed earlier, a system capable of obtaining with high accuracy the three-dimensional coordinate values of laser spots on a real object by mouse-operating the time-of-flight (TOF) laser sensor installed on the pan-tilt actuator. The grasping point is specified as the centroid of the grasp part’s plane region by the laser drag trajectory. The gripper attitude is specified by selecting the left and right drag modes that correspond to the PC mouse’s left and right click buttons. By doing so, we realize a grasping instruction interface where users can take into account various physical conditions for the objects, environments, and grippers. We experimentally evaluated the proposed system by measuring the grasping instruction time of multiple test subjects for various daily use items.
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Shrestha, Manish Man, Bibek Ropakheti, Uddhav Bhattarai, and Amit Shakya. "Development and Implementation of Portable Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit with USB Interface and Signal Processing to Detect Damages in the Mild Steel Structure." Advances in Engineering and Technology: An International Journal 2, no. 01 (December 31, 2022): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aet.v2i01.50462.
Full textAbstract:
Mild steel is one of the widely used structures for commercial use. In this paper, we present a PZT-based portable ultrasonic wave interfacing circuit with a USB interface to detect the damages in the mild steel structure. The designed circuit amplifies and shifts the level of the ultrasonic waves. The wave is then digitized by the microcontroller with a sampling rate of 2 MHz. The digitized wave is then transferred to the PC via USB communication. The CDC class was used in USB communication to generate a virtual com port and capture the data in real-time. The wave was then filtered and processed in the PC to detect damage to the structure. The dimension and weight of the used mild steel are 570mm x 205mm x 10mm and 10 kg respectively. To detect the damage to the structure, the 200 kHz tone-burst signal was induced in it through the PZT actuator. The ultrasonic wave was then captured in both intact and damaged conditions of the structure. The induced damage was of dimension 1mm x 10mm x 5mm. The RMS value of the captured wave in intact condition and the undamaged condition was calculated. This run-in of the RMS values in the intact and damaged condition of the structure solidifies the capability of the device to gather the ultrasonic wave correctly.
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Arena, Maurizio, and Massimo Viscardi. "SISO Piezo Based Circuit Development for Active Structural Vibration Control." Fluids 5, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5040183.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the issue of developing a smart vibration control platform following an innovative model-based approach. As a matter of fact, obtaining accurate information on system response in pre-design and design phases may reduce both computational and experimental efforts. From this perspective, a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) electro-mechanical coupled system has been numerically schematized implementing a finite element formulation: a robust simulation tool integrating finite element model (FEM) features with Simulink® capabilities has been developed. Piezo strain actuation has been modelled with a 2D finite element description: the effects exerted on the structure (converse effect) have been applied as lumped loads at the piezo nodes interface. The sensing (direct effect) has instead been modelled with a 2D piezoelectric constitutive equation and experimentally validated as well. The theoretical study led to the practical development of an integrated circuit which allowed for assessing the vibration control performance. The analysis of critical parameters, description of integrated numerical models, and a discussion of experimental results are addressed step by step to get a global overview of the engineering process. The single mode control has been experimentally validated for a simple benchmark like an aluminum cantilevered beam. The piezo sensor-actuator collocated couple has been placed according to an optimization process based on the maximum stored electrical energy. Finally, a good level of correlation has been observed between the forecasting model and the experimental application: the frequency analysis allowed for characterizing the piezo couple behavior even far from the resonance peak.