Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sensor CO2

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sensor CO2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 21 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Widodo, Slamet, M. Miftakul Amin, and Adi Sutrisman. "The Design of The Monitoring Tools Of Clean Air Condition And Dangerous Gas CO, CO2 CH4 In Chemical Laboratory By Using Fuzzy Logic Based On Microcontroller." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183110008.

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There are many phenomena that human are exposed to toxins from certain types such as of CO2, CO2 and CH4 gases. The device used to detect large amounts of CO, CO2, and CH4 gas in air in enclosed spaces using MQ 135 gas sensors of different types based on the three sensitivity of the Gas. The results of testing the use of sensors MQ 135 on the gas content of CO, CO2 and CH4 received by the sensor is still in the form of ppm based on the maximum ppm detection range of each sensor. Active sensor detects CO 120 ppm gas, CO2 1600 ppm and CH4 1ppm "standby 1" air condition with intermediate rotary fan. Active sensor detects CO 30 ppm gas, CO2 490 ppm and CH4 7 ppm "Standby 2" with low rotating fan output. Fuzzy rulebase logic for motor speed when gas detection sensor CO, CO2, and CH4 output controls the motion speed of the fan blower. Active sensors detect CO 15 ppm, CO2 320 ppm and CH4 45 ppm "Danger" air condition with high fan spin fan. At the gas level of CO 15 ppm, CO2 390 ppm and CH4 3 ppm detect "normal" AC sensor with fan output stop spinning.
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Sabando, Bravo Kenia Elizabeth, Mendoza Marlon Renne Navia, and Jorge Luis Zambrano-Martinez. "Review of studies on sensor networks for CO2 monitoring." Serie Científica de la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas 16, no. 4 (2023): 24–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10070855.

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Currently, in metropolitan areas, the amounts of polluting gases are increasing, which causes the growth of global warming. One of the leading gases causing the greenhouse effect is carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, its monitoring and control is a highly studied topic worldwide due to the various problems in the ecosystem. One of the ways to monitor CO2 levels in the environment is through devices with specialised sensors and wireless communication through a sensor network. This research paper presents a bibliographic review of studies on sensor networks for CO2 monitoring. The objective of this article is to identify which are the sensors and the most used communication technology for the monitoring of this polluting gas. The methodology used in this article is a bibliographic review, which effectively allows the investigation of information to perform a critical analysis. Scientific articles, doctoral thesis, and other research on this subject have been considered for analysis. The results concluded that the most widely used wireless protocol is Zigbee due to its reduced energy consumption in implementation. The MQ-135 sensor is the most used, which is indicated to detect harmful gases in a maximum range of 10-1000 ppm (parts per million).
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Wang, Guangwei, Hongzhen Chen, and Yuanhui Wu. "Influence of Heat Disturbance on the Performance of YSZ based CO2 Sensor with Compound of Li2CO3-BaCO3-Nd2O3 as Auxiliary Sensing Electrode." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 23, no. 4 (2020): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v23i4.a04.

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Suddenly changes and fluctuations of temperature often occur in the operational environment of the CO2 electrochemical sensor. In this work, the YSZ based potentiometric CO2 sensor having Li2CO3-BaCO3-Nd2O3 compound as its auxiliary sensing material was prepared. And the effects of several types of heat disturbance on the performance of this kind of sensor ware studied. The results indicate that the sensors after heat disturbances respond similarly with the sensor as prepared, which presents rapid and correct response for the change of CO2 concentration within the experimental range of 271-576802 ppm. The sensors, with or without heat disturbance, respond well as different extents of abrupt alteration of CO2 concentration occurs, and the EMF outputs recover rapidly as the concentration of CO2 change back to the base value. At the constant concentration of CO2, the EMFs of the sensors with or without heat treatment decrease slowly as the time increases, the reason for this phenomenon might be the accumulation of inert substances on the electrode interfaces and ageing of electrodes. However, heat treatment can improve the long-term stability of the sensor to some extent. Furthermore, this type of sensor works stably with the existence of water vapor (10%), it has similar response curve in the dry and water vapor content system. After some further investigations and improvements, it might be potentially applied in the practical combustion atmosphere.
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Munz, Hannah, Joachim Ingwersen, and Thilo Streck. "On-Site Sensor Calibration Procedure for Quality Assurance of Barometric Process Separation (BaPS) Measurements." Sensors 23, no. 10 (2023): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104615.

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Barometric process separation (BaPS) is an automated laboratory system for the simultaneous measurement of microbial respiration and gross nitrification rates in soil samples. To ensure optimal functioning, the sensor system, consisting of a pressure sensor, an O2 sensor, a CO2 concentration sensor, and two temperature probes, must be accurately calibrated. For the regular on-site quality control of the sensors, we developed easy, inexpensive, and flexible calibration procedures. The pressure sensor was calibrated by means of a differential manometer. The O2 and CO2 sensors were simultaneously calibrated through their exposure to a sequence of O2 and CO2 concentrations obtained by sequentially exchanging O2/N2 and CO2/N2 calibration gases. Linear regression models were best suited for describing the recorded calibration data. The accuracy of O2 and CO2 calibration was mainly affected by the accuracy of the utilized gas mixtures. Because the applied measuring method is based on the O2 conductivity of ZrO2, the O2 sensor is particularly susceptible to aging and to consequent signal shifts. Sensor signals were characterized by high temporal stability over the years. Deviations in the calibration parameters affected the measured gross nitrification rate by up to 12.5% and affected the respiration rate by up to 5%. Overall, the proposed calibration procedures are valuable tools for ensuring the quality of BaPS measurements and for promptly identifying sensor malfunctions.
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Dubey, Ravish, Arina Telles, James Nikkel, et al. "Low-Cost CO2 NDIR Sensors: Performance Evaluation and Calibration Using Machine Learning Techniques." Sensors 24, no. 17 (2024): 5675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175675.

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The study comprehensively evaluates low-cost CO2 sensors from different price tiers, assessing their performance against a reference-grade instrument and exploring the possibility of calibration using different machine learning techniques. Three sensors (Sunrise AB by Senseair, K30 CO2 by Senseair, and GMP 343 by Vaisala) were tested alongside a reference instrument (Los Gatos precision greenhouse gas analyzer). The results revealed differences in sensor performance, with the higher cost Vaisala sensors exhibiting superior accuracy. Despite its lower price, the Sunrise sensors still demonstrated reasonable accuracy. Meanwhile, the K30 sensor measurements displayed higher variability and noise. Machine learning models, including linear regression, gradient boosting regression, and random forest regression, were employed for sensor calibration. In general, linear regression models performed best for extrapolating data, whereas decision tree-based models were generally more useful in handling non-linear datasets. Notably, a stack ensemble model combining these techniques outperformed the individual models and significantly improved sensor accuracy by approximately 65%. Overall, this study contributes to filling the gap in intercomparing CO2 sensors across different price categories and underscores the potential of machine learning for enhancing sensor accuracy, particularly in low-cost sensor applications.
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Müller, Michael, Peter Graf, Jonas Meyer, et al. "Integration and calibration of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO<sub>2</sub> low-cost sensors and their operation in a sensor network covering Switzerland." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 7 (2020): 3815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3815-2020.

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Abstract. More than 300 non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO2 low-cost sensors labelled as LP8 were integrated into sensor units and evaluated for the purpose of long-term operation in the Carbosense CO2 sensor network in Switzerland. Prior to deployment, all sensors were calibrated in a pressure and climate chamber and in ambient conditions co-located with a reference instrument. To investigate their long-term performance and to test different data processing strategies, 18 sensors were deployed at five locations equipped with a reference instrument after calibration. Their accuracy during 19 to 25 months deployment was between 8 and 12 ppm. This level of accuracy requires careful sensor calibration prior to deployment, continuous monitoring of the sensors, efficient data filtering, and a procedure to correct drifts and jumps in the sensor signal during operation. High relative humidity (&gt; ∼85 %) impairs the LP8 measurements, and corresponding data filtering results in a significant loss during humid conditions. The LP8 sensors are not suitable for the detection of small regional gradients and long-term trends. However, with careful data processing, the sensors are able to resolve CO2 changes and differences with a magnitude larger than about 30 ppm. Thereby, the sensor can resolve the site-specific CO2 signal at most locations in Switzerland. A low-power network (LPN) using LoRaWAN allowed for reliable data transmission with low energy consumption and proved to be a key element of the Carbosense low-cost sensor network.
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Karadöl, Hayrettin. "Development of new two methods based on low-cost sensors for determination of calcium carbonate contents of soils." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 59, no. 06 (2022): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.148.

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The chemical analysis of CaCO3 contents of soils provide information about not only efficiency of soil for supplying plant with nutrients but also identification of factors affecting this efficiency in the soil. The aim of the current experiment was to develop new methods based on sensors and compare with conventional Scheibler method. The CO2 liberated by the action of HCl on CaCO3 content of the soil in a reaction bottle and an accumulation chamber was determined by pressure sensor and CO2 sensor, respectively. The CaCO3 contents of soils were estimated using the regression equation of standard curves. The CaCO3 contents of soils obtained using Scheibler calcimetric, pressure and CO2 sensor methods ranged from 0.20 to 54.74%, 0.25 to 54.10% and 0.55 to 53.05%, respectively. On the basis of linearity of calibration curve and high correlation with Scheibler calcimetric method it can be said that developed pressure and CO2 sensor methods appears to be very useful for quantification of CaCO3 contents of soils. The pressure sensor has provided the opportunity in developing a simple and handy device with an affordable cost to measure CaCO3 contents of soils as accurately as Scheibler calcimeter when compared with CO2 sensor method. Even if there is a good relationship between Scheibler calcimetric method and CO2 sensor method the cost of CO2 sensor method may limit the use in determination of CaCO3 contents of soils. However, CO2 sensor method can be used to monitor CO2 evolved in biochemical process such as respiration and fermentation
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Salamone, F., S. Sibilio, and M. Masullo. "Low-cost carbon dioxide concentration sensors for assessing air quality in the built environment: an on-site evaluation of their measurement performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 10 (2023): 102019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/10/102019.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is commonly used to determine indoor air quality. However, wearable environmental monitoring devices have not considered CO2 content, because they have mainly focused on the outdoor environment. Our goal is to develop a new wearable monitoring system for indoor research purposes that also incorporates a CO2 concentration sensor. We evaluated the performance of two low-cost CO2 sensors, the Senseair K30 and the Sensirion SCD30, by comparing them with a professional reference sensor in two different environments: a Test Cell and the LabZEB of ITC-CNR. A first result shows that both low-cost sensors have acceptable performance, with the K30 showing a trend closer to that of the professional reference sensor and better overall performance. For this reason, we conducted a third test in which we encapsulated the selected K30 low-cost sensor in a 3D-printed, wearable housing that supports the sensor and control unit to see if the 3D-printed part could affect measurement performance. The result shows no interference in measurement performance. This suggests that low-cost sensors can be used in a wearable system to assess indoor air quality for environmental and human-centered research in the built environment.
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Hawchar, Amer, Solomon Ould, and Nick S. Bennett. "Carbon Dioxide Monitoring inside an Australian Brewery Using an Internet-of-Things Sensor Network." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249752.

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Maintaining a high standard of indoor air quality (IAQ) is vital to ensuring good human health. The concentration of CO2 in air is a good proxy for IAQ, while high levels of CO2 have been shown to cause cognitive or physiological impairment. Work environments that generate CO2 as an inherent part of their business present a unique and significant risk in terms of poor IAQ. Craft breweries generate CO2 and, unlike larger breweries, often lack the technology to capture and re-use the fermentation CO2 for beer carbonation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the venting of fermentation CO2 and the unintentional venting of CO2 during the filling of CO2 storage tanks can cause the indoor CO2 levels to rise significantly. This is shown by monitoring CO2 levels inside an Australian craft brewery using a newly developed system containing three Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes positioned strategically in different sections of the brewery. The maximum CO2 level recorded was in excess of 18,000 ppm, with the maximum time period levels exceeding 1000 and 10,000 ppm being equivalent to 425 and 26 min, respectively. The identification of differences in measured CO2 at different times and locations throughout the brewery reveals that a single hard-wired CO2 sensor may be inadequate to support IAQ monitoring. For this purpose, a network of portable or wearable CO2 sensor nodes may be most suitable. The battery life of the sensors is a key consideration, and the current sensor battery life is too short. Low-power sensors and communication protocols are recommended for this task.
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Boudaden, Jamila, Armin Klumpp, Hanns-Erik Endres, and Ignaz Eisele. "Capacitive CO2 Sensor." Proceedings 1, no. 4 (2017): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1040472.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Edmark, Marcus, and Olle Benzler. "Measurement Method Analysis of Photonic CO2 Sensor." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200580.

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Zhu, Yongming [Verfasser]. "CO2 sensor based on lithium ion conductor / Yongming Zhu." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019813350/34.

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Válek, Vít. "Flexibilní bezdrátový systém pro měření CO2 v budově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442452.

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Monitoring of the carbon dioxide concentration in the building is carried out for several reasons. One is to ensure hygiene conditions. With the advent of Bluetooth 5.0 came the support of mesh network technology, which is defined by the Bluetooth Mesh standard. By implementing this standard, we can create an extensive network of devices monitoring the concentration of carbon dioxide in the building. Based on the monitored concentration, we can control the air conditioning and ventilation of the spaces, ensuring that the hygiene conditions are met. Thanks to the compatibility of Bluetooth Mesh with Bluetooth Low Energy, it is possible to access individual nodes, e.g. from a mobile phone. The aim of this work is to design and implement a measuring system whose elements will communicate with each other using Bluetooth Mesh wireless technology.
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Nygård, Skalman Jonas. "CO2 Sensor Core on FPGA : ASIC prototyping and cost estimates." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35963.

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Demand of CO2 gas sensors is expected to continue to increase in the foreseeable future, due to an increasing awareness of air pollution and fossil fuel emissions. A truly low cost and accurate NDIR sensor has the potential of greatly benefiting the environment by an increased human awareness due to CO2 measurements. In the objective to reach these goals, a CO2 sensor core on an ASIC needs to be investigated. In this study an ASIC prototype design is tested on an FPGA and evaluated towards logic resource requirements, power analysis and estimated cost impacts towards a full ASIC. The results show that a potential ASIC implementation would have a very small cost impact on a full system design if the use of a preexisting ASIC design is utilized. Using a manufacturing process of 180 nm, the total logic implementation would require between 0.54-0.76 mm2. The cost impact of such a logic area would be around $0.025 USD per chip. The power consumption of the logical part would also be very small when compared to the various analog components of a full system design.
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Schaeffer, Robson Dagmar. "Estudo e desenvolvimento de um sensor de CO2 de baixo custo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/4199.

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Este trabalho descreve um estudo e desenvolvimento de um sensor de dióxido de carbono (CO2), de baixo custo, para monitoramento da qualidade do ar em ambientes climatizados. O sensor aqui proposto baseia-se na técnica de absorção em infravermelho não dispersivo (NDIR). Este trabalho avalia alguns métodos já empregados e propõe um modelo alternativo visando uma solução de baixo custo que possa ser incorporada a sistemas de monitoramento e/ou condicionamento existentes, permitindo o controle do teor de CO2. A metodologia inclui o estudo dos diferentes tipos de sensores de CO2, a seleção da técnica mais apropriada para medição, o estudo das alternativas para implementação da técnica selecionada, o desenvolvimento, testes e avaliações da solução. Especificamente desenvolveu-se uma solução em termos de sensor de CO2 que utiliza componentes comerciais, sendo facilmente reprodutível e de custo reduzido. O sensor desenvolvido tem faixa de medição entre 330 a mais de 10000 ppm, com resolução estimada em torno de 20 a 30 ppm, com erro em relação ao padrão menor que 10% da medição ou 150 ppm,o que for maior.
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Kuutmann, Hanna, and Emelie Rosén. "Smartphone Capnography : Evaluation of the concept and the associated CO2 indicating sensor." Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-152640.

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Smartphone capnography is a new concept for respiratory monitoring using a colorimetric sensor in combination with a smartphone and an Android application. Compared to using an infrared spectrophotometric carbon dioxide analyzer (IR-analyzer), the gold standard for respiratory carbon dioxide monitoring, smartphone capnography offers a cheaper and less bulky solution. This master thesis evaluates the performance of smartphone capnography and the colorimetric sensor engineered for this concept. Three different techniques (side stream, shunt stream and main stream) were tested. Additionally, an iPhone application was developed as a proof of concept when using an iPhone for smartphone capnography.   An experimental set-up simulating human breathing was assembled and measurements, at different breathing rates (6-30 breaths/min) and carbon dioxide levels (2-7vol%), were performed with an IR-analyzer as reference. Results showed that capnograms from smartphone capnography was comparable to those from the IR-analyzer and that the approximate accuracy was ±0.25vol% for up to 6 days of use. Results strongly motivate further elaboration of the concept and the three different techniques for measuring.<br>”Smartphone capnography” är ett nytt koncept för att monitorera andning. Principen är en kombination av en kolorimetrisk sensor, en smartphone samt en Androidapplikation. Jämfört med den dominerande tekniken, en IR-spektrofotometrisk koldioxidanalysator (IR-analysator), så är “smartphone capnography” både billigare och mindre skrymmande. Detta examensarbete utvärderar konceptet ”smartphone capnography” och en kolorimetrisk sensor speciellt utvecklad för ändamålet. Tre olika tekniker (side stream, shunt stream och main stream) har utvärderats. Slutligen utvecklades en iPhoneapplikation för att visa att konceptet ”smartphone capnography” kan användas även med denna typ av smartphone.   Utvärderingen bestod i att göra mätningar i en experimentell uppställning som simulerar andning. Mätningar gjordes vid varierande andningsfrekvenser (6-30 andetag/min) och koldioxidnivåer (2-7vol%). Mätdata från ”smartphone capnography” jämfördes med mätdata från en IR-analysator. Resultaten visar att kapnogram från ”Smartphone capnography” är jämförbara med kapnogram från IR-analysatorn och att den uppskattade noggrannheten är ±0,25vol% för upp till 6 dagars användning. De goda resultaten motiverar fortsatt utveckling av konceptet smartphone capnography samt de olika mätteknikerna.
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Zuo, Ziwei. "Fabrication of intensity-based Long-Period-Gratings fiber sensor with CO2 Laser." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54599.

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This thesis investigates the fabrication technique and procedures for producing long period grating (LPG) fiber sensors with point-by-point irradiation under a CO2 laser beam. The type of fiber sensor under examination is desirable to be highly sensitive to the variation of the thickness and refractive index of a thin film deposited on the LPGs, making it a promising candidate as a core sensor component in a biosensor system developed for detection and verification of pathogenic bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Francisella tularensis, and so on. We have previously demonstrated that a UV-induced long-period-grating (LPG) based fiber sensor is extremely sensitive to small variation of refractive index (RI) and thickness of the surrounding medium. In this thesis, we will present a CO2 laser and step- stage system that operate automatically under control of a Matlab program to inscribe LPGs with desired grating period and fabrication conditions. Examples of CO2 laser induced LPGs have been found to exhibit high sensitivity, with transmissive power attenuation of more than 15 dB at the resonant peak of 1402 nm under deposition of Ionic Self-Assembled Monolayer (ISAM) thin film that is around 50 nm in thickness. When tuned to its maximum sensitivity region, this LPG has shown a transmission power reduction of 79% with the deposition of only 1 bilayer of ISAM thin film at the monitored wavelength. This result is comparable in sensitivity with the UV-induced LPGs, yet with the advantage of lower fabrication cost and simplified fabrication procedure.<br>Master of Science
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Bellancini, Michele <1989&gt. "Development and Validation of a CO2 Sensor for Extra Corporeal Life Support Applications." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9755/1/Development_and_Validation_of_a_CO2_Sensor_for_Extracorporeal_Life_Support_Applications.pdf.

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Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in medical applications is a well-established method for monitoring patient’s pulmonary function in a noninvasive way widely used in emergency, intensive care, and during anaesthesia. Even in extra corporeal life support (ECLS) applications, such as Extra corporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal (ECCO2R), Extra corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB), measurement of the CO2 concentration in the membrane oxygenator exhaust gas is proven to be useful to evaluate the treatment progress as well as the performance of the membrane oxygenator. This thesis presents the development of a new optical sensor specifically designed for the measurement of CO2 concentration in the oxygenator exhaust gas. The project’s goal is to develop a sensor with Technology Readiness Level of 9, meaning that the developed sensor shall also be proven and validated in the operational environment. Initially, to allow a better comprehension of the application for which the developed sensor is intended, an overview of the ECLS application scenario is given, describing the key components of an ECLS device, as well as the most used ECLS procedures. Further, considerations about the importance of CO2 concentration measurement in the membrane oxygenator exhaust gas are reported. Then, the measurement principle for carbon dioxide concentration is described, as well as state-of-the-art technologies used in this field. Moreover, design requirements that the developed sensor should meet are analyzed and disclosed. Sensor architecture is described, focusing on the method implemented to prevent condensation of the water vapour in the membrane oxygenator’s exhaust gas. Effects of temperature on the sensor optical elements performance are addressed through theoretical and experimental analysis, and methods to avoid signal–temperature dependency are described. Finally, the results of the test performed on the developed sensor both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions are reported and discussed.
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Lee, Chong-Hoon. "Study of reversible electrode reaction and mixed ionic and electronic conduction of lithium phosphate electrolyte for an electrolchemical co2 gas sensor." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1073047249.

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Borkar, Chirag. "Development of Wireless Sensor Network System for Indoor Air Quality Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177181/.

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This thesis describes development of low cost indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring system for research. It describes data collection of various parameters concentration present in indoor air and sends data back to host PC for further processing. Thesis gives detailed information about hardware and software implementation of IAQ monitoring system. Also discussed are building wireless ZigBee network, creating user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) and analysis of obtained results in comparison with professional benchmark system to check system reliability. Throughputs obtained are efficient enough to use system as a reliable IAQ monitor.
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Books on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Kürschner, Wolfram M. Leaf sensor for CO2 in deep time. Macmillan Journals, 2001.

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Richard Scarry. Vaya con el señor Lioso! Editorial Planeta, 1995.

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Camacho, Raúl López. 24 horas con el señor presidente. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 1995.

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Forabosco, Giovannantonio. Il settimo senso: La psicologia del senso dell'umorismo : con istruzioni per l'uso. F. Muzzio, 1994.

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Marquez, Gabriel Garcia. Un señor muy viejo con unas alas enormes. Grupo Editorial Norma, 1999.

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Nouwen, Henri J. M. Contempla a face do Senhor: Orar com ícones. Edições Loyola, 2001.

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Martino, Gianni De. Odori: Entrate in contatto con il quinto senso. URRA, 1997.

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Junior, Flavio Cavalcanti. Senhor TV: A vida com meu pai, Flavio Cavalcanti. Matrix, 2021.

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Camerlingo, Francesco. La questione del senso: Con Heidegger e Wittgenstein sull'enigma dell'esistenza. Il melangolo, 2011.

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Ballestra, Mauro. Distendi la mano: Il senso religioso vissuto con i bambini con la storia di Goccia di Luna. Edizioni Ares, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Theuss, Horst, Stefan Kolb, Matthias Eberl, and Rainer Schaller. "Miniaturized Photoacoustic Gas Sensor for CO2." In Sensor Systems Simulations. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16577-2_3.

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Huber, Jochen, Juan Antonio Enriquez, Antonio Escobar, et al. "Photoakustischer Low-Cost CO2-Sensor für Automobilanwendungen." In Automobil-Sensorik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48944-4_4.

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Christensen, Mads S.-F. "Leveraging the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for Real-Time CO2 Monitoring, Measurement and Visualization: Technologies, Applications and Future Directions." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78572-6_3.

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Abstract Global CO2 emissions reduction requires industries to manage and understand their CO2 emission levels in real-time. This paper examines the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for real-time monitoring, measurement, and visualization of reducing CO2 emissions in industrial and environmental domains. Methodology: The methodology consists of a literature review based on peer-reviewed publications and use cases to explore the current state and practical implications. Furthermore, a technical analysis of IIoT systems, CO2 sensors, and data processing techniques is also identified. Results: IIoT systems can support CO2 emission monitoring and accuracy optimization in industrial domains by combining CO2 sensors, wireless communication, and data fusion techniques. In addition, machine learning and artificial intelligence can be used to reduce anomalies in CO2 sensor readings and predictive maintenance of systems. Challenges: Challenges include interoperability, data security and system scalability. To resolve these issues standardized communication protocols, data security methods and implementation barriers should be improved. Future Directions: To enhance data processing and security features, future work should focus on integrating edge computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain techniques. In addition, data visualizations and cost-effective solutions should also be in focus, to provide more adoptable IIoT systems in industrial domains. Conclusion: As IIoT systems and CO2 sensor technologies evolve, IIoT systems can contribute significantly to increasing global air quality and CO2 emission control in industry, agricultural, and urban areas.
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Kiesewetter, Olaf, Alexander Kraußer, Nils Kiesewetter, et al. "Miniaturisierter, thermisch gepulster VOC/CO2-Sensor zur Luftgütedetektion." In Automobil-Sensorik 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56310-6_11.

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Lange, Robert, Michael Fiedler, Erich Golusda, and Klaus Lühmann. "Aerosol Backscatter Measurements Using a Compact CO2 Lidar Sensor." In Laser in der Umweltmeßtechnik / Laser in Remote Sensing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08252-2_8.

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Hussein, Nurul Athirah Abu, and Huzein Fahmi Hawari. "Development and Performance Evaluation of MXene Based CO2 Sensor." In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78918-2_47.

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Akhter, Fowzia, Saima Hasan, Md Eshrat E. Alahi, and S. C. Mukhopadhyay. "Temperature and Humidity Compensated Graphene Oxide (GO) Coated Interdigital Sensor for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Gas Sensing." In Interdigital Sensors. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62684-6_13.

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Pillai, Parvathy, and M. Supriya. "Real Time CO2 Monitoring and Alert System Based on Wireless Sensor Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23258-4_9.

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Hobson, Brodie W., H. Burak Gunay, and Scott Shillinglaw. "Exploring CO2 Sensor Grid Configurations and the Implications for Demand-controlled Ventilation." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_194.

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Katterbauer, Klemens, Abdallah Al Shehri, and Abdulaziz Al Qasim. "Real-Time Intelligent Sensor Selection for Subsurface CO2 Flow and Fracture Monitoring." In Artificial Intelligence Trends in Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09076-9_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Galindo Talhami, Ema Aracely, Orlando Aguiluz, and Martín Martínez-Rangel. "Low Cost CO2 Sensor Prototype with IoT." In I Conferencia Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-w5htxr.

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This prototype of a CO2 sensor with Internet of Things (IoT) offers an affordable solution for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in parts per million (ppm). It utilizes specialized sensors to detect CO2 concentrations in the environment. The prototype combines multiple CO2 measurement sensors with an Arduino microcontroller to process the collected data and provide comprehensible ppm CO2 readings. Additionally, an ESP-32 has been incorporated to enable IoT connectivity, allowing for the transmission of CO2 readings to a cloud platform. This platform displays the most recent readings and maintains a brief history of previous measurements, providing real-time insights into CO2 conditions and a record for analysis. A noteworthy feature of this prototype is its buoy system, which enables operation in aquatic environments while minimizing the risk of submersion, ensuring that the sensor remains on the water’s surface without direct contact with the liquid.
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Ruiz-Llata, Marta, Yuliy M. Sanoyan, and Lucía Hidalgo-Arteaga. "QEPAS sensor for in-situ measurement of CO2 and its isotopic fingerprint." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2024.lm2e.2.

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We present the design and first results of a Photoacoustic Spectroscopy sensor to measure in-situ CO2 concentration and the δ13C isotopic fingerprint. The sensor main components are a Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic (QEPAS) gas cell excited with a Mid Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL).
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Wright, Ruishu F., Ping Lu, Nathan Diemler, et al. "Carbon Steel Thin Film Coated Optical Fiber Sensor for Corrosion Monitoring at Elevated Temperature." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-15051.

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Abstract The ability to detect early corrosion onset in real time before structural integrity is compromised can have a significant impact on preventing catastrophic failures of components resulting from corrosion. High durability is required for corrosion sensors in extreme service conditions such as high temperature high pressure in subsurface wellbores. We have previously demonstrated a distributed corrosion sensor for early corrosion detection with the use of proxy materials integrated with the optical fiber sensing platform at ambient conditions. In this work, an optical fiber sensor functionalized with a thin-film coating of carbon steel X65 was tested at 80 °C to study corrosion monitoring capability and sensor durability. The X65 carbon steel thin film was sputter-deposited onto the optical fiber as the corrosion proxy material. The sensor was tested in CO2-saturated and N2-saturated 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions. When exposed to the corrosive solutions, broad-band light absorption of the metallic thin film decreased as the film got thinner; therefore, the light transmission through the optical fiber increased over time. The results demonstrate that X65 thin-film coated optical fiber sensor has successfully detected a higher corrosion rate in the CO2-saturated NaCl solution than that in the N2-saturated NaCl solution at 80 °C.
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Bjegović, Dubravka, Jessica Jackson Meyer, Dunja Mikulić, and Dalibor Sekulić. "Corrosion Measurement in Concrete Utilizing Different Sensor Technologies." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03435.

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Abstract Degradation of concrete structures due to corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement is an important problem with regards to durability and safety, with great economical consequences. One method for corrosion prevention is the application of corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors can be applied as additives to new concrete during the batching process, or surface applied to existing concrete structures. This paper gives an overview of existing sensor technologies, previews new technologies, and proposes suitable methods for corrosion monitoring and inhibitor efficiency investigation on real structures. Many different sensor technologies have been developed, and new ones are under research. Advantages and disadvantages of different corrosion determination approaches are also discussed. Half-cell reference electrodes, linear polarization sensors, localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensors and macrocell current sensors are based on electrochemical principles. Non-electrochemical sensors work on physical principles such as the Hall effect, magnetic flux leakage, magnetostrictive effect, eddy currents and on light modulation (Fiber optic sensors). Fiber optic sensors have many advantages such as immunity to chemical environments, long-term stability, and the ability to make distributed measurements of several parameters with a single sensor. However, they are underdeveloped in the field of concrete reinforcement corrosion. Fiber optic sensors can measure corrosion directly, or indirectly by measuring factors that influence the corrosion process (pH value, Cl- concentration, water content in concrete, CO2), and can also detect cracks due to corrosion.
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Vardhan, Shalini, Naveen Kumar Gupta, Aditya Kushwaha, Priyanka Verma, and Ritu Raj Singh. "Modelling of CO2 Gas Sensing using Spectral Envelope of SoI Integrated Racetrack Resonator." In JSAP-Optica Joint Symposia. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/jsapo.2024.17p_a25_4.

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Silicon on Insulator (SoI) technology has tantalized the photonics world in terms of integrated device modeling encountering with numerous applications. Many gas sensors can be designed using SoI technique with lower scaling factor and higher operational speed [1]. The emission of Carbon dioxide is a natural process but excess emisson is a result of burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, increase in the use of automobiles [2]. People who work in automobile industries more likely face the respiratory problems, dizziness etc. To address these issues a gas sensor is designed to detect the excess of emitted CO2. In this manuscript an approach to sense CO2 gas using microring racetrack resonator is demonstrated. The sensing analysis is done on the basis of change in the refractive index (RI) in the cavity region which will result in the envelope spectrum shift.
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Wright, Ruishu F., Nathan Diemler, John Baltrus, et al. "Multi-parameter Optical Fiber Sensor for Simultaneous Corrosion and Humidity Monitoring." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16909.

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Abstract For long-distance natural gas pipelines, it is important to monitor and locate corrosion events, especially for internal corrosion. Water vapor condensation can provide aqueous electrolytes necessary for corrosion to occur inside the pipe. Based on previous work, a multi-parameter optical fiber sensor was developed and demonstrated for simultaneous monitoring of corrosion and water/humidity with location information along the fiber. Corrosion was detected through light intensity changes associated with the corrosion proxy coating and the presence of water was monitored based on water-induced strain changes on the optical fiber. The multi-parameter sensor was tested in both aqueous (acidic solution) and humid gas (N2 or CO2) conditions. As the humidity varied between 0% relative humidity (RH) and 100%RH, the single-mode fiber section showed water sensing capability with good reversibility and sensitivity. The corrosion sensor didn't show cross-sensitivity to humidity. In corrosive conditions, the corrosion sensor showed an increase in the backscattered light intensity at corroded locations because light absorption of the metallic thin film decreased as the film was corroded. Importantly, the corrosion sensor was able to monitor localized corrosion in wet CO2 gas, which is representative of internal corrosion in natural gas pipelines. The XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) results indicate formation of iron carbonate after wet CO2 corrosion.
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Boudaden, J., A. Klumpp, I. Eisele, and C. Kutter. "Smart capacitive CO2 sensor." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808664.

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Gardner, Ethan L. W., Andrea De Luca, and Florin Udrea. "Differential Thermal Conductivity CO2 Sensor." In 2021 IEEE 34th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems51782.2021.9375324.

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Wang, Sai, Jingshan San, and Ning Liu. "A Chemical CO2 Sensor Monitoring CO2 Movement Under Reservoir Conditions." In Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/439342-ms.

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Watson, Ian A., Ruikang K. Wang, and Tay B. Chye. "A Passive Fibre Optic Sensor for Detection of CO2 at 590 nm." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cmm5.

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Industrial applications of fibre optic sensors have been limited to situations where they provide technical advantage (1) over conventional sensors. This has primarilily been due to their significantly higher costs and the reluctance of industry to depart from tried and tested technology. In the present case an inexpensive, passive, fibre optic sensor was fabricated to monitor concentrations of CO2 gas with applications ranging, for example, from the medical to food processing industries. By selection of appropriate materials the technique can be extended to detect a range of acidic or alkaline gases. Because the operating wavelength is 590 nm. the fibre optic sensor can be used remotely at greater distances than fluorescence based fibre sensors which operate in the UV and have high fibre losses. Moreover, these sensors are: easy to implement, cost effective, insoluble in water, unaffected by relative humidity, and do not need covering with a diffusion membrane.
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Reports on the topic "Sensor CO2"

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Motayed, Abhishek, Ibrahima Diagne, and Brian Thomson. A Digital System-On-Chip CO2 Sensor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1996766.

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Anton Carl Greenwald. MEMS CHIP CO2 SENSOR FOR BUILDING SYSTEMS INTEGRATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860161.

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Romero, Christopher Jesse, and Eric Lanich Brosha. 'Device Experimental Data: Polymer Nanowire Sensor Array for Subsurface CO2 Monitoring: Phase 2:Final. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1207759.

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Rao, Govind. Integration of an Emerging Highly Sensitive Optical CO2 Sensor for Ocean Monitoring on an Existing Data Acquisition System SeaKeeper 1000 (trademark). Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada571554.

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Rao, Govind. Integration of an Emerging Highly Sensitive Optical CO2 Sensor for Ocean Monitoring on an Existing Data Acquisition System SeaKeeper 1000(TM). Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada555149.

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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Rhoads, Jeffrey. Building-Integrated Microscale Sensors for CO2-Level Monitoring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2323340.

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McHale, Yalin, and Olsen. PR-179-13203-R01 Real Time Laser Sensor for Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Monoxide. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010020.

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Performance of current NOx sensors is problematic, in particular drift and cross-sensitivity to other species. Many lean burn engines are operated based on earlier calibrations. Operators must allow for drift and use large margins to meet emissions. Laser sensors (based on absorption at target wavelengths) are self-calibrating and immune to interferences. In particular, recently developed Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) allow measurements at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths thereby allowing stronger signals, better schemes to mitigate interferences, and fast time response. This project evaluated a commercial QCL-based NOx (NO, NO2) and CO sensor for use in gas engine applications. The project also developed and performed bench top testing of a custom sensor which uses a �pitch and catch� design.
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Fisk, William J., David Faulkner, and Douglas P. Sullivan. Accuracy of CO2 sensors in commercial buildings: a pilotstudy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902450.

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Dr. Eduardo Zeiger. Sensory Transduction of the CO2 Response of Guard Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840963.

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